1st%Year%Product%Design%

Elliott%Cheeseman

Desk%Tidy

Research

Introduction
For.many.students.starting.university.is.the.>irst.time.living.alone..With.noDone.to.tell.them.to.keep.their.
surrounds.clean.and.tidy.their.social.and.work.areas.can.become.very.messy.and.unorganised..
My.aim.is.to.create.a.product.which.allows.students.(aged.18D22).to.keep.their.main.workspace.tidy.and.
organised.to.increase.productivity.and.to.allow.them.to.get.the.most.out.of.their.university.experience..
From.2011.student.in.the.UK.began.paying.fees.amounting.to.a.potential.9000.a.year..Students.today.are.not.
just.devoting.a.long.period.of.time,.but.also.a.small.fortune.into.their.futures..Making.the.most.out.of.the.
opportunity.they.have.is.more.important.now.than.ever.before..
I.aim.to.conduct.inDdepth.research.around.my.target.market.with.a.view.to.designing.a.product.that.improves.
productivity.at.university..I.aim.to.do.this.by.conducting.interviews,.observing.students.in.their.work.
environment.and.by.creating.personas.and.image.boards.based.on.my.>indings.

University.fees.have.risen.300%.in.8.years..Value.for.money.is.more.important.now.than.ever.before!

I.want.to.>ind.out.what.causes.untidiness.in.students.and.will.do.this.by.researching.my.target.market!

Target.Market
18D24.years.old
Recently.left.home

In.fullDtime.education

Male.or.Female

Motivated.to.perform.well

Methodology
How$was$the$data$collected?$
This.paper.is.based.entirely.on.data.and.research..The.methods.used.have.been.selected.to.provide.me.with.useful.results.
that.can.be.carried.forward.into.making.a.useful.and.complete.product..To.collect.the.research.shown.in.this.report.I.
studied.many.relevant.market.research.reports.(Key.Note.reports:.Stationery.(Personal.&.Of>ice).2013,.Further.&.Higher.
Education.2013),.conducted.numerous.semiDstructured.interviews,.and.observed.my.chosen.target.market.under.natural.
circumstances..
Semi1structured$interviews$
I.decided.to.go.with.semiDstructured.interviews.as.I.believed.that.structured.interviews.restrict.the.interviewee.in.the.
answers.that.they.can.give,.and.inDturn.can.result.in.incorrect.data..I.prepared.for.the.interviews.by.writing.questions.
which.I.needed.answering..I.then.put.these.questions.to.the.interviewee.verbally.and.wrote.the.relevant.answers.on.a.
separate.sheet..I.tried.to.make.the.sessions.into.more.of.a.conversation.than.a.question.and.answer.as.I.believe.people.are.
much.more.likely.to.answer.honestly.if.they.do.not.feel.under.pressure..
Natural$observations$
I.decided.that.the.best.way.for.me.to.obtain.accurate.data.would.be.to.observe.my.target.in.their.natural.work.environment..
I.believed.that.messier.people.my.not.be.totally.honest.about.their.habits.and.the.best.way.to.solve.this.problem.would.be.
to.see.as.many.student.workspaces.as.possible..With.the.pictures.I.had.taken.I.then.had.a.physical.piece.of.evidence.to.work.
with..As.these.observations.took.place.in.private.areas.I.had.to.get.permission.beforehand..Permission.was.also.obtained.to.
photograph.the.subjects.workspace.

Methodology

Obtain.permission.to.see.subjects.room.
Obtain.permission.to.photograph.
workspace.Log.items.seen.on.
workspace
Look.for.correlation.in.photographs.

Decide.upon.a.set.of.questions
Ask.interviewee.questions.Develop.
answers.to.gain.more.detailed.view.
Log.relevant.answers.

Competitor.Analysis

1
5
3

Competitor.Analysis

!
1..Paper.storage.$12.99.Simple.design.Black.plastic.Not.appealing.No.customisability.Only.
stores.paper.Injection.moulded.Only.single.use.Takes.up.large.space.FlatDpack.
2..Pen.storage.6.75..More.aesthetic.design.Coloured.plastic.Looks.childish.Stores.pens.and.
small.items.Does.not.reduce.in.size..No.organisation.Injection.moulded.
3..Pen.holder.5.88.Simple.Metal.mesh.Just.holds.pens.Clean.design.Does.not.reduce.in.size..
Can.be.used.to.hold.other.things.
4..Of>ice.organiser.36.00.Stores.various.bits.of.paper..Can.hold.small.objects.Metal.mesh.Has.
small.draw.to.store.things.Designed.to.go.against.wall.
5..Desk.organiser.13.96.Wooden.Holds.pens,.small.bits.of.paper.and.small.objects.Dedicated.
pen.holes.Rustic.look.For.home.desk.rather.than.of>ice

Market.Report

!
In.2012.the.amount.spent.in.the.UK.on.stationary.(both.personal.and.of>ice.use).was.
1.29.Billion..By.2017.this.is.expected.to.rise.by.a.further.20.Million..I.believe.this.
represents.just.a.fraction.of.the.potential.market.as.it.does.not.show.other.potential.
areas.of.development.such.as.the.computer.market.and.larger.corporations.investing.is.
better.output.of.their.of>ices..
The.>igures.shown.represent.a.growing.market.which.should.boost.the.chances.of.a.
product.being.successful..

114,000,000$spent.on.organisers.or.various.types.in.2012.

Market.Results
After.conducting.6.interviews.a.number.of.things.became.obvious:.
100%$of$people$asked$feel$there$is$more$pressure$to$do$well$now$students$are$paying$9000$a$year$$
100%.of.people.asked.have.a.desk.in.their.place.of.residence
100%.of.people.asked.said.untidiness.had.a.negative.impact.on.their.studies
100%.of.people.asked.said.it.was.harder.to.work.with.a.messy.desk
When.asked.how.tidy.their.desk.usually.is.an.average.of.3/10.(1.=.untidy,.10.=.tidy).was.given
100%.of.people.asked.said.they.would.invest.in.a.desk.tidy
80%.of.people.asked.said.not.having.parents.around.leads.them.to.being.untidier.
83%$of$people$asked$blamed$their$untidiness$on$laziness$
100%$of$people$asked$would$buy$a$desk$organiser$if:$it$was$the$right$price$(average$between$
10115),$it$was$customisable$in$some$way$and$it$made$organising$their$desk$easier$

Observations

!
I carried out observations in 4 student bedrooms. I decided to take pictures of these areas as this would allow me to use them as future
reference. I then compared all 4 areas to look for similarities. A number of things stood out after analysing the images.
Every desk had pens and paper on them. These are fundamental for work
Every desk had a clear cable issue. They take up large areas and could potentially be dangerous
Every desk had a screen (TV, Computer or Laptop)
Every desk had a phone on it
Every desk would have to be tidied in order for work to be done on it
These findings have reinforced my belief that students are being held back by the areas in which they are working, and that a product
which can overcome this will be very beneficial.!

Persona
Name:.Dave%Smith%Age:.19%Occupation:.Student
David'has'recently'left'home'and'moved'into'Halls'of'residence.
He'is'paying'9,000'a'year'on'fees'and'believes'that'has'put'extra'pressure'on'him'to'achieve.
David'enjoys'his'course'and'hopes'to'pursue'his'chosen'course'into'a'career'once'he'graduates.
He'has'a'single'work'space'in'his'room'which'is'usually'covered'in'clothes,'pens,'paper,'his'laptop'and'a'TV.
He'says'his'untidiness'is'down'to'laziness'and'that'not'having'his'parents'around'to'make'him'tidy'is'having'a'negative'
impact'on'his'organisation.
David'is'worried'that'his'lack'of'organisation'may'be'having'an'effect'on'his'productivity.
David'would'be'willing'to'spend'up'to'15'on'a'product'which'will'help'his'organisation'and'therefore'his'grades
Negatives:%%Untidy,%Unorganised,%Not%
reaching%full%potential%
Positives:%Highly%motivated,%Enjoys%his%
course

Most%common%items%found%on%his%desk:%
Pens,%Paper,%Books,%Laptop,%Textbooks,%TV,%
Clothes

David%rates%himself%

3/10%
in%terms%of%organisation

MindDmap

Image.Board

This$is$a$board$of$images$which$will$help$me$to$keep$focused$
during$that$design$phase$of$this$project.$They$are$here$to$re1$
mind$me$what$it$is$I$am$trying$to$accomplish.

User.Speci>ication
A1..The.product.must.be.in.some.way.customisable
.The.questionnaire.highlighted.that.users.want.to.be.able.to.customise.the.product.(see.page.5)
.This.will.make.the.product.more.personal.and.more.appealing.to.the.user.
A2..Observations.indicated.that.the.most.common.items.on.students.desks.were.pens,.paper,.laptop,.TV.and.cables.(see.page.5).
.The.product.will.have.to.organise.these.items.in.order.to.be.a.desk.tidy
.These.are.the.most.common.items.on.students.desks.and.are.what.are.causing.them.to.be.untidy.
A3..The.product.must.not.be.over.15
.This.was.a.common.price.found.in.the.questionnaire.phase.of.the.research.(see.page.5)
.Students.are.already.short.of.money.so.the.product.must.be.affordable.in.order.for.them.to.buy.it.
A4..The.product.must.be.able.to.be.compacted.down
.Students.in.Halls.have.to.travel.to.and.from.uni.regularly.so.size.is.important.for.easy.travel.
A5..The.product.must.be.easy.to.use
.The.main.reason.given.for.untidiness.was.laziness.so.the.product.must.be.easy.to.use.or.people.will.not.bother.to.use.it.
........A6...The.product.must.last.at.least.5.years.(if.not.longer).with.regular.use..
................................It.is.a.product.designed.for.university.and.very.few.courses.last.longer.than.5.years..
.Regular.use.is.use.3.times.a.day..
........A7...The.product.needs.to.be.appealing.to.look.at.as.well.as.function.well..
.The.product.will.be.on.display.in.a.students.bedroom.and.must.look.good.
.This.was.raised.during.the.interview.phase..Must.not.look.cheap.and.must.>it.in.with.students.rom.
........A8...Many.phones.were.seen.during.the.observation.stage,.these.must.be.incorporated.into.the.design..
........A9...A.task.list.was.brought.up.by.an.interview.
.This.could.be.included.into.the.design..

Ideation

Initial+Sketches

Developed+Sketches

Developed+Sketches

Developed+Sketches

Developed+Sketches

Final+Sketch

3
Development

Time,Management

This,chart,was,made,during,the,7irst,weeks,of,the,development,process.,Its,
purpose,was,to,keep,me,in,track,from,the,start,to,the,end,of,this,section.

Initial,Modelling

This,is,one,of,two,models,made,at,the,beginning,of,the,development,stage.,Its,purpose,was,to,give,me,a,better,
idea,of,the,functionality,of,my,product,and,to,help,me,show,other,people,the,products,purpose

Initial,Modelling

This,is,the,second,of,the,two,initial,models.,They,follow,the,trend,of,ideation,and,would,both,satisfy,the,brief

PDS,(Product,Design,Speci7ication)
1.#Purpose#fo#PDS#document#
1.1,This,document,is,design,to,act,as,a,guide,through,the,development,stage,of,the,design,process.,It,is,comprised,of,quantitive,
speci7ication,points,that,can,be,tested,against,models,and,the,7inal,product,to,test,their,suitability.,wherever,possible,,speci7ication,
points,should,come,with,units,to,be,tested,by,,and,a,quantity,required,to,satisfy,the,user.,

PDS,(Product,Design,Speci7ication)

!
2.#Performance#
2.1,The,product,is,to,be,used,to,hold,items,on,a,students,desk,(paper,,pens,,laptop,,TV,,etc.),
2.2,The,product,will,constantly,hold,items,and,may,be,used,from,1,to,50,times,a,day,
2.3,The,maximum,weight,of,laptop/TV,stand,should,be,3.5kg,
2.4,This,weight,could,last,from,between,5N10,minutes,to,12,hours,(overnight).,The,product,must,be,able,to,withstand,this,weight,
permanently,
2.5,Must,hold,minimum,of,200,pages,of,A4,paper,(90,GSM,=,500g),

3.#Economy#
3.1,The,product,is,to,be,sold,in,a,selection,of,pieces:,
,

3.1.1,The,main,section,(paper,,laptop/TV),should,cost,15N20,

3.1.2,Other,extra,pieces,(smaller),should,cost,10N20,

3.2,The,product,is,to,be,marketed,at,students,and,plays,on,the,idea,that,they,have,little,money,so,the,product,should,not,be,priced,
out,of,a,students,reach

PDS,(Product,Design,Speci7ication)

!
4.#Target#Production#Cost#
4.1,TPC,(for,3.1.1),of,5N10,(or,less),
4.2,TPC,(for,3.1.2),of,<,5N8,(or,less),
4.3,The,product,must,be,pro7itable,but,product,must,not,raise,consumer,price,and,must,not,impede,on,the,quality,of,the,product,

5.#Quantity#
5.1,The,product,is,to,be,massNproduced,in,large,numbers,
5.2,2.5,million,students,enrolled,in,UK,universities,so,potential,market,is,very,large,
5.3,Product,not,limited,to,student,market.,Has,potential,to,branch,into,wider,market,

6.#Product#Life#Span#
6.1,Average,course,length,3,years,,up,to,4/5,years.,Product,must,cover,at,least,longest,course,
6.2,Product,must,last,for,at,least,10,years,at,full,performance

PDS,(Product,Design,Speci7ication)

!
7.#Customers#
7.1,Target,market,students,(aged,18N24,years),
,

7.1.1,Market,requires,aesthetic,as,well,as,functional,product,

7.1.2,Most,students,own,laptop/TV,

7.1.3,All,students,will,use,paper,and,pens,for,work,

7.2.4,Other,items,customer,may,own:,paperclips,,phone,,headphones,,rulers,,pencil,,sharpeners,

8.#Size#
8.1,Must,7it,,on,a,desk,(1.5m,x,0.8m),
8.2,Must,hold,100,pages,of,A4,paper,(20mm?),
8.3,Must,hold,15,laptop,(360mm,x,250mm),
8.4,Must,hold,15,pens/pencils

PDS,(Product,Design,Speci7ication)

!
9.#Weight#
9.1,Will,not,be,moved,when,placed,on,desk,but,students,will,move,in,and,out,of,halls,so,must,not,be,too,heavy,that,it,cannot,be,
moved,easily,(2kg),

10.#Maintenance#
10.1,Not,designed,to,hold,liquid,or,food,but,must,be,resistant,to,reasonable,use,
10.2,Must,be,easy,to,clean,(wipe,or,wash),
10.3,Must,not,require,extra,products/chemicals,to,clean,

11.#Materials#
11.1,Cannot,exceed,manufacture,price,
11.2,Must,be,strong,enough,to,hold,required,weight,
11.3,Must,be,light,enough,to,be,under,required,weight,
11.4,Thickness,of,material,to,satisfy,strength,needs,must,not,impede,the,aesthetics,of,the,product

PDS,(Product,Design,Speci7ication)
12.#Appearance#
12.1,Looks,are,very,important,to,target,age.,Product,will,not,be,used,to,full,potential,if,market,does,think,the,product,looks,good,
12.2,Colour,combinations,for,different,customers?,
12.3,Customisability,of,colours?,

13.#Safety#
13.1,Product,must,in,no,way,harm,the,user,
13.2,No,sharpe,edges,
13.3,No,toxic,materials,
13.4,User,must,not,be,harmed,or,strained,while,using,product,for,intended,use,
13.5,reasonable,misuse,must,also,be,considered,(dropping,,breaking,(broken,plastic,could,cut,user),etc.),

14.#Finish#
14.1,Finish,must,last,length,of,products,life,
14.2,Must,be,able,to,withstand,reasonable,wear,and,tear,
14.3,Must,make,any,potential,health,and,safety,problems,safe,(rough,edges),
14.4,Must,make,product,appealing,to,target,market,(colour,combinations,,texture),
14.5,Must,improve,or,at,least,not,impede,performance,of,the,product

User,Task,Analysis
A,User,task,analysis,is,used,to,highlight,potential,problems,that,could,occur,while,the,user,is,using,the,product.,
They,can,be,simple,or,very,complex.,They,can,also,have,very,minor,implications,but,could,also,result,in,the,
product,being,scrapped.,A,good,,comprehensive,UTA,is,required,for,any,development,stage.

Stage#1:##

Removing#pen#from#holder#

Potential,problem,and,solution:, ,
,

User,could,be,stabbed,by,pen,,Make,opening,wide,to,allow,user,to,see,pens,

May,select,wrong,pen,N,Make,opening,wide,to,allow,user,to,see,pens,

Pen,could,mark,inside,of,holder,,Make,holder,out,of,cleanable,material,

Stage#2:#

Replacing#pen#after#use#

Potential,problem,and,solution:,
,

User,could,be,stabbed,by,pen,,Make,opening,wide,to,allow,user,to,see,pens,

User,may,miss,gap,and,drop,pen,,Make,opening,wide,enough,to,reduce,chance,

Pen,could,mark,inside,of,holder,,Make,holder,out,of,cleanable,material,

User,Task,Analysis
Stage#3:#Removing#paper#from#holder#
Potential,problems,and,solution:,
,

Plastic,around,edge,could,stab,user,,Make,plastic,rounded,to,prevent,harm,

Fingers,may,not,7it,to,remove,paper,,Make,opening,wide,enough,for,7ingers,(Cut,openings),,

Stage#4:#Replacing#paper#after#use#
Potential,problems,and,solutions:,
,

Paper,may,get,caught,on,product,,Make,opening,large,enough,and,rounded,to,prevent,it,catching,

Paper,could,fall,out,back,,Back,plate,to,prevent,paper,from,falling,out,back,

Stage#5:#Removing#mug#from#holder#
Potential,problems,and,solution:,
,

Mug,could,be,stuck,in,slot,N,Make,slot,big,enough,to,hold,securely,but,open,enough,so,it,doe,snot,get,stuck,

Handle,could,result,in,mug,spilling,N,Allow,for,mugs,with,handles,to,be,stored

Project,Risk,Analysis

Cardboard,Modelling
These,two,models,were,made,to,give,a,sense,of,scale,a,proportion,to,the,
project.,They,are,full,scale,and,made,form,cardboard.

Type,to,enter,textThis,upright,paper,holder,doesn't,have,a,
space,for,a,laptop/TV,so,does,not,meet,the,spec.

This,model,shows,an,organiser,that,has,space,for,a,
TV/laptop,but,no,space,for,pens,etc.

Cardboard,Modelling

This,includes,a,potential,pen,holder.,The,additional,feature,is,removable,
and,can,be,replaced,with,a,different,feature,if,required,by,the,user.

Change,of,Direction

Type,to,enter,text,During,a,focus,group,it,was,brought,up,that,instead,
of,a,solid,unit,,a,modular,,multiNuse,product,would,be,more,desirable.,
After,researching,the,7ield,it,became,apparent,that,there,was,not,a,
product,of,this,type,in,the,market.,My,direction,for,this,project,
changed,and,i,began,to,focus,on,a,main,unit,with,expansion,
possibilities.,

This,highlights,the,importance,of,focus,groups,and,user,interaction,
within,the,design,process.

New#product#direction#

!
!
!
!
!

Modular,unit,with,expansion,capabilities,
User,selects,units,that,they,want,rather,than,forced,upon,them,
Easy,to,remove,and,replace,
Main,unit,for,laptop/TV,with,small,attachments,
Multiple,colours,for,more,choice/personalisation

First,CAD,Renders

Here,are,a,few,examples,of,initial,CAD,renders,for,
potential,designs.,I,began,to,use,the,new,direction,
to,design,additional,parts,to,hold,different,
components.,

To,the,right,is,an,initial,design,for,a,pen,holder.,It,
has,an,open,slot,for,easy,access,and,allows,all,pens,
to,be,stored,lengthways,for,easy,selecting

First,CAD,Renders

First,CAD,Renders

Emotional,Characteristics
Physical,

How,do,I,want,the,user,to,feel?,
,
,
The,product,is,designed,to,organise,a,work,area,to,allow,the,user,to,work,more,ef7iciently.,Because,of,this,the,
product,must:,

!
!
,

Not,look,too,bulky.,This,will,also,make,the,environment,feel,cluttered,and,will,be,bad,for,the,user.,

The,look,of,the,product,must,blend,into,the,room,but,,due,to,being,visible,at,all,time,,must,look,high,quality,
and,not,cheap.,The,material,will,be,7inished,to,a,high,gloss,and,will,be,available,in,a,range,of,colours,to,suit,
the,user.,

!
,

Not,make,the,environment,feel,more,cluttered.,This,will,have,a,negative,effect,on,the,user,and,will,do,exactly,
what,it,is,the,product,is,attempting,to,prevent.,

The,product,must,be,easier,to,use,than,just,chucking,items,on,the,table,so,stored,items,must,be,visible,to,the,
user,so,that,they,can,1),retrieve,them,when,needed,2),encourage,them,to,store,more,items.,This,will,help,the,
user,feel,like,they,are,staying,tidy,and,will,make,them,work,harder.,

This,product,is,focused,around,making,people,feel,less,cluttered,and,encouraging,them,to,tidy,to,improve,their,work.,
If,the,product,made,their,environment,feel,more,cluttered,it,would,have,a,negative,effect,on,their,work,and,would,
not,satisfy,the,initial,speci7ication.,How,the,product,looks,is,just,as,important,as,how,it,works,in,this,project.,

Emotional,Characteristics

!
Social,

!
!

How,do,I,want,the,product,to,re7lect,on,the,user?,
I,intend,for,the,product,to,be,out,at,all,times,,not,just,when,actively,being,used.,It,is,for,this,reason,that,the,
product,must,look,appealing.,If,the,product,does,not,look,appealing,to,the,user,he/she,will,hide,it,away,and,will,
not,use,it,,if,they,buy,it,in,the,7irst,place.,Also,,in,university,halls,,there,may,be,a,time,when,peers,or,friends,are,
in,the,users,room.,If,the,user,is,shy,to,have,the,product,on,their,desk,they,will,hide,it,or,will,give,the,product,a,
bad,review.,Because,of,this,the,product,must:,

!
!

Re7lect,the,user.,The,product,must,be,customisable,so,that,the,user,does,not,feel,embarrassed,to,show,
it,off.,If,the,product,is,customisable,then,the,user,will,be,more,encouraged,to,use,the,product.,This,can,
be,achieved,by,making,the,product,modular,so,the,user,can,have,it,how,they,want,it,,or,by,having,
different,colours,that,the,user,can,decide,upon,depending,on,their,personal,preference.,

A,combination,of,characteristics,is,required,to,make,a,product,that,the,user,wants,to,use,and,to,put,them,in,the,
desired,mindNset.,This,product,is,attempting,the,user,to,feel,tidier,and,more,organised,to,aid,in,their,work.,If,the,
product,does,not,do,this,,or,does,not,encourage,the,user,to,tidy,,it,will,have,failed.

Prototypes
These,prototypes,were,made,using,the,laser,cutter,
to,act,as,working,models,to,check,sizes,and,
speci7ications.

This,unit,holds,paper,and,has,space,on,top,for,a,
laptop,or,a,TV

This,unit,has,a,section,for,pens.,It,is,very,open,(as,
the,PDS,required)

Prototypes

This,gives,an,idea,of,what,the,two,sections,would,
look,like,together

Prototype,Testing

This,shows,the,pen,section,being,tested.,Pens,were,repeatedly,removed,and,replaced,to,test,for,any,
potential,problems.,Users,were,then,also,asked,to,remove,and,replace,pens,to,and,to,highlight,any,
problems,they,had.

Developed,CAD,Models

Developed,CAD,Models

These,CAD,models,were,made,to,give,a,better,impression,of,the,7inal,design.,The,next,stage,included,
working,out,how,the,different,parts,could,be,removed,and,reconnected,with,ease.

Module,Connections
The,7inal,stage,is,to,decide,upon,which,materials,are,best,and,how,the,product,will,be,7itted,together,to,make,it,
modular.,

!
!

How,will,the,product,7it,together?,

After,comparing,other,products,I,came,to,the,conclusion,that,the,best,way,for,the,product,to,be,customisable,will,
be,for,the,different,sections,to,be,removable,and,interchangeable.,For,this,the,product,has,to,be,easy,to,take,apart,
and,replace.,With,this,in,mind,I,developed,this,method,of,removal:

Module,Connections
The,different,parts,of,the,product,have,male,and,female,sections,that,7it,together,in,certain,ways.,This,will,allow,
the,different,parts,to,be,removed,and,replaced,however,required,whilst,always,keeping,the,parts,aligned.

For,added,security,small,magnets,could,be,added,the,the,adjoining,faces,to,hold,the,pieces,in,place.,The,magnets,
would,have,an,attraction,weak,enough,to,be,pulled,apart,easily,but,strong,enough,to,prevent,this,form,happening,
by,accident.

Materials
What,will,the,product,be,made,of?,

Some,form,of,plastic,was,the,ideal,material,for,this,product.,It,can,have,different,colours,,can,be,strong,whilst,light,and,
can,keep,the,product,cheap.,The,question,was,which,plastic,would,be,best?,After,using,EduPack,I,decided,that,the,best,
plastic,would,be,ABS.,This,has,been,used,for,years,in,various,childrens,toys,(NonNtoxic),in,various,colours,(Desirable),
and,strengths.,

!
!

How,will,the,product,be,made?,
ABS,can,be,injection,moulded.,This,process,allows,for,small,to,medium,items,to,be,made,in,one,piece,,of,a,single,
material,and,colour,in,large,volumes.,It,has,expensive,startNup,costs,but,the,volume,of,production,it,is,capable,of,makes,
it,economically,viable,in,the,long,run.
Lego,is,a,great,example,of,injection,moulded,ABS.,It,is,
designed,for,children,so,cannot,be,toxic,,it,comes,in,many,
colours,and,is,strong.,

!
!

Problems?,
The,product,must,hold,4KG,on,the,stand,section.,ABS,may,
not,be,strong,enough,to,hold,this,weight.,To,solve,this,the,
top,section,could,be,corrugated,to,spread,the,load,,or,a,
support,could,be,placed,down,from,the,top,to,the,7irst,
shelf,to,dissipate,the,downward,force.

Technical,Drawings

Technical,Drawings

FMEA

This,table,explores,potential,problems,with,the,design,and,solutions,to,these,problems.,The,problems,have,
different,ratings,that,add,up,to,a,7inal,rating.,The,higher,the,rating,the,larger,the,impact,of,the,problem.,The,lower,
the,number,the,lower,the,effect,the,problem,could,have.

Final,Renders

Final,Renders

These,show,how,the,prototype,was,
made,on,the,laser,cutter.

Final,Renders

Final,Renders

Final,Renders

This,model,shows,another,potential,
holder,for,paperclips,and,other,small,
items

Final,Renders

This,model,shows,a,potential,design,for,
a,mug,holder,attachment,

Final,Renders

Final,Renders

Final,Renders

Final,Renders

Costing

Materials

Working0on0the0basis0that0ABS0costs0$0.87/40lbs0(0.048/kg)0the0cost0per0piece0can0be0calculated.0
This0cost0can0be0reduced0if0slight0changes0are0made0to0the0product.

This0table0shows0how0if0the0central0horizontal0wall0of0the0main0section0is0reduced0by01mm0to03mm,0and0if0the0
depth0of0both0sections0is0reduced0from0250mm0to0200mm0the0part0costs0drastically0reduce.0These0changes0may0
be0more0Ninancially0beneNicial0but0in0terms0of0the0overall0product0will0dramatically0impede0the0hits0use0and0are0
not0plausible0possibilities.

Labour

This0shows0the0costs0associated0with0workers0making0a0Ninishing0the0product.0Injection0moulding0the0main0part0
requires0a0skilled0worker0while0Ninishing0the0sections0can0be0done0by0a0worker0on0minimumSwage.

Machinery0and0Fixed0Costs

Working0on0the0basis0that0an0injection0moulder0costs0700per0hour0to0run0the0table0above0can0be0used0to0
determine0the0machine0costs0for0the0two0items.0The0prices0were0found0using0a0Chinese0injection0moulding0
companys0estimate0of0costing0and0working0back0from0the0$4.500quoted0to0make0a0single0main0piece.

Fixed0Costs
These0costs0include0rent,0heating,0electricity0and0other0overheads.0It0is0impossible0to0calculate0with0getting0
quotes0so0I0will0use0100%0the0total0manufacture0costs0when0calculating0the0Nixed0costs.

Total0Costs

Using0all0of0the0calculations0previous0i0can0estimate0that0the0main0section0of0the0product0will0cost03.300to0make0
and0the0pen0section01.60.0There0are0extra0charges0that0have0to0be0taken0into0account0but0even0with0these0i0am0
conNident0that0my0target0RRP0of0150is0achievable.

Performance

CE-Markings
For-a-product-to-be-sold-in-Europe-it-must-have-passed-a-series-of-strict-rules-laid-out-by-the-EU.-If-aproduct-receives-this-marking-it-means-it-is-safe-to-use-for-its-intended-use-and-that-it-is-an-adequatequality.
Products-in-these-categories-require-CE-markings-to-be-sold-in-the-EU:ToysElectrical-productsConstruction-productsPressure-vesselsTelecommunications-equipmentMedical-devicesMachinery,-equipment-and-safety-componentsPersonal-protective-equipmentSatellite-station-equipmentGas-appliancesPressure-equipmentAppliances-(other-than-gas)NonJautomatic-weighing-instruments-and-equipmentMeasuring-instrumentsRecreational-craftLift-machineryEquipment-and-protective-systems-for-explosive-atmospheresIn-vitro-diagnostic-medical-devicesMarine-equipmentSafety-components-and-subsystems-for-incorporation-into-cableway-installationsCableway-equipment-(ski-tows-etc)

CE-Markings
Fortunately-my-product-does-not-fall-within-any-of-these-categories.-That-does-not-mean-howeverthat-it-can-just-be-sold-in-the-UK-and-EU.-It-would-still-have-to-be-tested-by-a-representative-of-the-CEorganisation-to-receive-an-CE-marking.-

!
The-product-will-be-testedto-ensure-it-is-safe-to-useand-that-it-does-what-itways-it-does.-If-it-passesthese-tests-it-will-receivethe-CE-marking.

Test-Against-PDS
2. Performance!
2.1 The product is to be used to hold items on a students desk (paper, pens, laptop, TV, etc.)!
Holds Pens, paper, pens, TV and other attachments will hold others!
2.2 The product will constantly hold items and may be used from 1 to 50 times a day!
2.3 The maximum weight of laptop/TV stand should be 3.5kg!
Product holds 4KG+!
2.4 This weight could last from between 5-10 minutes to 12 hours (overnight). The product must be able to withstand this weight permanently!
2.5 Must hold minimum of 200 pages of A4 paper (90 GSM = 500g)!
100 A4 pages = 623,700 cubic mm. Product = 2,352,000 cubic mm (can hold over 300 sheets)!
3. Economy!
3.1 The product is to be sold in a selection of pieces:!
!

3.1.1 The main section (paper, laptop/TV) should cost 15-20!

Manufacture cost estimate 3.30 (+ extra costs + profit) = 8.60!

3.1.2 Other extra pieces (smaller) should cost 10-20!

Manufacture cost estimate 1.60 (+ extra costs + profit) = 5.20!

3.2 The product is to be marketed at students and plays on the idea that they have little money so the product should not be priced out of a
students reach!
!

Cost estimates much below target

Test-Against-PDS
4. Target Production Cost!
4.1 TPC (for 3.1.1) of 5-10 (or less)!
Manufacture cost estimate 3.30!
4.2 TPC (for 3.1.2) of < 5-8 (or less)!
Manufacture cost estimate 1.60!

4.3 The product must be profitable but product must not raise consumer price and must not impede on the quality of the product!
5. Quantity!
5.1 The product is to be mass-produced in large numbers!
Production methods allows for mass-production if required!
5.2 2.5 million students enrolled in UK universities so potential market is very large!
5.3 Product not limited to student market. Has potential to branch into wider market!
Different colours open different markets!
6. Product Life Span!
6.1 Average course length 3 years, up to 4/5 years. Product must cover at least longest course!
6.2 Product must last for at least 10 years at full performance

Test-Against-PDS
7. Customers!
7.1 Target market students (aged 18-24 years)!
!

7.1.1 Market requires aesthetic as well as functional product!

7.1.2 Most students own laptop/TV!

7.1.3 All students will use paper and pens for work!

!
!

!
!

7.2.4 Other items customer may own: paperclips, phone, headphones, rulers, pencil !
sharpeners!

8. Size!
8.1 Must fit on a desk (1.5m x 0.8m)!
Product is 0.25m x 0.35m!
8.2 Must hold 100 pages of A4 paper (20mm?)!
See 2.5!
8.3 Must hold 15 laptop (360mm x 250mm)!
8.4 Must hold 15 pens/pencils!
9. Weight!
9.1 Will not be moved when placed on desk but students will move in and out of halls so must not be too heavy that it cannot be moved easily
(2kg)!
Main section of product weights under 1KG

Test-Against-PDS
10. Maintenance!
10.1 Not designed to hold liquid or food but must be resistant to reasonable use!
10.2 Must be easy to clean (wipe or wash)!
10.3 Must not require extra products/chemicals to clean!
11. Materials!
11.1 Cannot exceed manufacture price!
11.2 Must be strong enough to hold required weight!
11.3 Must be light enough to be under required weight!
11.4 Thickness of material to satisfy strength needs must not impede the aesthetics of the product!
12. Appearance!
12.1 Looks are very important to target age. Product will not be used to full potential if market does think the product looks good!
12.2 Colour combinations for different customers?!
12.3 Customisability of colours?!
ABS comes in many colours that can be changed at the manufacture stage

Test-Against-PDS

!
13. Safety!
13.1 Product must in no way harm the user!
13.2 No sharpe edges!
13.3 No toxic materials!
13.4 User must not be harmed or strained while using product for intended use!
13.5 reasonable misuse must also be considered (dropping, breaking (broken plastic could cut user) etc.)!
14. Finish!
14.1 Finish must last length of products life!
14.2 Must be able to withstand reasonable wear and tear!
14.3 Must make any potential health and safety problems safe (rough edges)!
14.4 Must make product appealing to target market (colour combinations, texture)!
14.5 Must improve or at least not impede performance of the product

Product-Performance-Plan

Some things in the PDS cannot be tested, therefore this plan has be devised as something that can be
carried out in the future in order to test the remainder of the PDS points.
2.4/11.4/14!
A weight much larger than the target weight could be added to the product for a long period of time ! (days) to
test how long the product can last with overuse.!
6.1/6.2/14!!
A weight could be placed and replaced hundreds of times and then damage assessed. If repeated many times an
idea of potential life could be estimated.!
7.1.1!
!
target market.!

A focus group of the target users could be assembled and their opinions noted to see if it is appealing to the

10!
!
Different substances could be spilt on product then various amounts of cleaning applied to see what it can resist
and to what extent.!
13!

Safety tests would have to be performed to test the safety of the product (part of CE testing)

If these tests were carried out a better idea of the quality of the product could be seen. The product must
pass all CE tests and most PDS points for it to be seen as a successful product.