Science Chapter 10

"Protecting Earth's Resources"

pp. 297-327

Name

Lesson 1: "What are nonrenewable energy resources?" pp. 302-305

Types of Resources
Resource- a supply that will meet a need for materials or energy.
Renewable resource - a resource that can be replaced.
Examples: trees, air, water, soil, plants
Nonrenewable resource- a resource that cannot be replaced as fast as we
use it.
Examples: coal, oil (petroleum), natural gas
Oil and Natural Gas
Crude oil

might be found either beneath land

or beneath the

Ocean floor.
Natural Gas is often found where crude oil is found.
Products that come from crude oil: gasoline, diesel fuel,

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages of fossil fuels:
1. Easy to store and move coal and oil .
2. Easier to get large amounts of energy from fossil fuels
than from any other resources.

Disadvantages of fossil fuels:

1. Supplies are limited
2. Burning coal and oil causes air pollution.
3. Danger of an oil spills.

Lesson 2: "What are other energy resources?" pp. 306-313

Solar Energy
Solar

energy

Solar

cells

- energy from sunlight.

- use sunlight to make electricity.

Uses: Heat water, heat the air in buildings, and make electricity, greenhouses.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages of solar energy:
1.

Sunlight will not run out

for billions

2.

Sunlight does not cause any pollution.

of years.

Disadvantages of solar energy:

1.

Not available at night or on cloudy days.

2.

Systems to make electricity from solar energy are expensive

to make and maintain.

3.

Factories that make solar cells produce very

dangerous wastes.

Wind Energy
Windmills were used in the past to grind grain & pump water from the land, bring water up
from wells.
Today wind

turbines

to make electricity

use the energy of the wind to spin a generator

.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantage: Windmills don't cause

air

pollution .
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Disadvantages of wind energy:

1.

The wind does not blow all

the time .

2.

Birds

3.

Some people think that windmills are noisy and ugly

sometimes are killed flying into the towers or blades.

Moving Water
Moving water is a renewable resource.
Water is used to make electricity .
Hydroelectric

power plant- make electricity with the energy of moving

water. Usually built as a part of a dam .

Water flows through a dam
electricity.

and spins parts of generators

to make

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages of hydroelectric power:
1.

Hydroelectric power plants do not need fuel

to make electricity

2.

There is no pollution

is left behind.

. No waste

Disadvantages of hydroelectric power:

1.

Can only be built were there is moving

water

2.

The area must have a place where a lake

can form behind the dam

This can flood habitats

prevent fish

of plants and animals. Dams can also

swimming up and down the river

Nuclear Energy
Nuclear power plants use hot uranium instead of fossil
to make steam in order to produce electricity
.

fuels
4

Advantages of nuclear power:

1.

Needs much less

fuel

2.

Do not give off smoke .

that a fossil fuel power plant.

Disadvantages of nuclear power:

1.

Nuclear plants are very expensive

2.

Produce dangerous wastes

3.

Nuclear energy is a nonrenewable

not be replaced.

.
energy source. Uranium can

Geothermal Energy
Geothermal
the

energy- energy from the high temperatures

inside

earth .

Advantages of geothermal energy:

Can make

electricity

all day and all night, all year long.

Disadvantages of geothermal energy:

1.

Power plants can be built in only a few places

2.

Some pollutants
plants.

around the world

may be found in the steam

of these

Energy of Biomass
Garbage

is an example of biomass.

Biomass

- is material that was recently alive

waste, wood , or food

wastes.

Biomass is a resource
causes air

pollutions

. It may be animal

we will never run out of. Burning

biomass

.
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Lesson 3: "What are other resources?" pp. 314-317

Mineral Resources
Mineral resources we get from the earth: gold, iron, copper, etc.

Uses for mineral resources:

Iron is used to make steel .
Gypsum

and mica

Gravel

are used in plaster and paint

is used to build roads.

All minerals are nonrenewable

resources.

Conservation

, and new

, recycling

mines

may extend these resources, but not forever

Disadvantages of mining:
1.

Places where plants

2.

Can cause

3.

Can leave large open

4.

Bare soil can lead to mud

erosion

air

grow and animals

and water

live are changed.

pollution.

pits

on the land.
slides

and soil

Water, Soil, and Air

Water

soil

renewable

, and air

are important resources that are

to some degree.

Water is renewed through the water

cycle

Air is renewed when

slowly settles

pollution

.
out
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of the atmosphere

or gets caught in rain

Soil is slowly and constantly being made from weather

and

decaying

plants

Damage to soil can be prevented by

grown on it.

rock

.
limiting

the

crops

Lesson 4: "Can resources be conserved?" pp. 318-321

Repairing Soil, Water, and Air
The use of machines
soil

has caused pollution of air

, water , and

Conservation Laws
Laws that encourage people to protect natural resources:
1.

Lumber companies must plant

2.

Mining companies must restore

3.

Industries must clean

their wastes

4.

trees

after they cut some down.

the land of abandoned mines

lands that have been polluted

by

Land has been set aside as national

many environments.

parks

to protect

Using Less and Reusing Resources

Energy resources can be saved by:
1.

Use furnaces

and air

2.

Use of less materials

3.

Reuse

conditioners

less.

by companies when they make things.

things.

Recycling
Recycling- treat

something so it can be used

again

Materials that can be recycled include glass, paper, plastics

It takes less
energy
to recycle aluminum
than it does to get it from a mine.
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Vocabulary
resource-

solar energy-

hydroelectric energy-

fossil fuel-

nonrenewable-

renewable resource-

geothermal-

biomass-