Apndice B: Tablas

B.1 reas bajo la curva normal

Ejemplo:
Si z  1.96, entonces
P (0 a z)  0.4750

0.4750
0

1.96

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4

0.0000
0.0398
0.0793
0.1179
0.1554

0.0040
0.0438
0.0832
0.1217
0.1591

0.0080
0.0478
0.0871
0.1255
0.1628

0.0120
0.0517
0.0910
0.1293
0.1664

0.0160
0.0557
0.0948
0.1331
0.1700

0.0199
0.0596
0.0987
0.1368
0.1736

0.0239
0.0636
0.1026
0.1406
0.1772

0.0279
0.0675
0.1064
0.1443
0.1808

0.0319
0.0714
0.1103
0.1480
0.1844

0.0359
0.0753
0.1141
0.1517
0.1879

0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9

0.1915
0.2257
0.2580
0.2881
0.3159

0.1950
0.2291
0.2611
0.2910
0.3186

0.1985
0.2324
0.2642
0.2939
0.3212

0.2019
0.2357
0.2673
0.2967
0.3238

0.2054
0.2389
0.2704
0.2995
0.3264

0.2088
0.2422
0.2734
0.3023
0.3289

0.2123
0.2454
0.2764
0.3051
0.3315

0.2157
0.2486
0.2794
0.3078
0.3340

0.2190
0.2517
0.2823
0.3106
0.3365

0.2224
0.2549
0.2852
0.3133
0.3389

1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

0.3413
0.3643
0.3849
0.4032
0.4192

0.3438
0.3665
0.3869
0.4049
0.4207

0.3461
0.3686
0.3888
0.4066
0.4222

0.3485
0.3708
0.3907
0.4082
0.4236

0.3508
0.3729
0.3925
0.4099
0.4251

0.3531
0.3749
0.3944
0.4115
0.4265

0.3554
0.3770
0.3962
0.4131
0.4279

0.3577
0.3790
0.3980
0.4147
0.4292

0.3599
0.3810
0.3997
0.4162
0.4306

0.3621
0.3830
0.4015
0.4177
0.4319

1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9

0.4332
0.4452
0.4554
0.4641
0.4713

0.4345
0.4463
0.4564
0.4649
0.4719

0.4357
0.4474
0.4573
0.4656
0.4726

0.4370
0.4484
0.4582
0.4664
0.4732

0.4382
0.4495
0.4591
0.4671
0.4738

0.4394
0.4505
0.4599
0.4678
0.4744

0.4406
0.4515
0.4608
0.4686
0.4750

0.4418
0.4525
0.4616
0.4693
0.4756

0.4429
0.4535
0.4625
0.4699
0.4761

0.4441
0.4545
0.4633
0.4706
0.4767

2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

0.4772
0.4821
0.4861
0.4893
0.4918

0.4778
0.4826
0.4864
0.4896
0.4920

0.4783
0.4830
0.4868
0.4898
0.4922

0.4788
0.4834
0.4871
0.4901
0.4925

0.4793
0.4838
0.4875
0.4904
0.4927

0.4798
0.4842
0.4878
0.4906
0.4929

0.4803
0.4846
0.4881
0.4909
0.4931

0.4808
0.4850
0.4884
0.4911
0.4932

0.4812
0.4854
0.4887
0.4913
0.4934

0.4817
0.4857
0.4890
0.4916
0.4936

2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9

0.4938
0.4953
0.4965
0.4974
0.4981

0.4940
0.4955
0.4966
0.4975
0.4982

0.4941
0.4956
0.4967
0.4976
0.4982

0.4943
0.4957
0.4968
0.4977
0.4983

0.4945
0.4959
0.4969
0.4977
0.4984

0.4946
0.4960
0.4970
0.4978
0.4984

0.4948
0.4961
0.4971
0.4979
0.4985

0.4949
0.4962
0.4972
0.4979
0.4985

0.4951
0.4963
0.4973
0.4980
0.4986

0.4952
0.4964
0.4974
0.4981
0.4986

3.0

0.4987

0.4987

0.4987

0.4988

0.4988

0.4989

0.4989

0.4989

0.4990

0.4990

784

Apndice B
B.2: Distribucin t de Student

1
2

t
t
Intervalo de confianza

80%
gl

90%

t 0
t
Prueba de cola izquierda

Intervalo de confianza, c
95%
98%

99%

0 t
Prueba de cola derecha

99.9%

Nivel de significancia para una prueba de una cola, A

0.100
0.050
0.025
0.010
0.005
0.0005

80%
gl

Nivel de significancia para una prueba de dos colas, A

0.200
0.10
0.05
0.02
0.01
0.001

1
2

t 0
t
Prueba de dos colas

Intervalo de confianza, c
90%
95%
98%

99%

99.9%

Nivel de significancia para una prueba de una cola, A

0.100
0.050
0.025
0.010
0.005
0.0005
Nivel de significancia para una prueba de dos colas, A
0.200
0.10
0.05
0.02
0.01
0.001

1
2
3
4
5

3.078
1.886
1.638
1.533
1.476

6.314
2.920
2.353
2.132
2.015

12.706
4.303
3.182
2.776
2.571

31.821
6.965
4.541
3.747
3.365

63.657
9.925
5.841
4.604
4.032

636.619
31.599
12.924
8.610
6.869

36
37
38
39
40

1.306
1.305
1.304
1.304
1.303

1.688
1.687
1.686
1.685
1.684

2.028
2.026
2.024
2.023
2.021

2.434
2.431
2.429
2.426
2.423

2.719
2.715
2.712
2.708
2.704

3.582
3.574
3.566
3.558
3.551

6
7
8
9
10

1.440
1.415
1.397
1.383
1.372

1.943
1.895
1.860
1.833
1.812

2.447
2.365
2.306
2.262
2.228

3.143
2.998
2.896
2.821
2.764

3.707
3.499
3.355
3.250
3.169

5.959
5.408
5.041
4.781
4.587

41
42
43
44
45

1.303
1.302
1.302
1.301
1.301

1.683
1.682
1.681
1.680
1.679

2.020
2.018
2.017
2.015
2.014

2.421
2.418
2.416
2.414
2.412

2.701
2.698
2.695
2.692
2.690

3.544
3.538
3.532
3.526
3.520

11
12
13
14
15

1.363
1.356
1.350
1.345
1.341

1.796
1.782
1.771
1.761
1.753

2.201
2.179
2.160
2.145
2.131

2.718
2.681
2.650
2.624
2.602

3.106
3.055
3.012
2.977
2.947

4.437
4.318
4.221
4.140
4.073

46
47
48
49
50

1.300
1.300
1.299
1.299
1.299

1.679
1.678
1.677
1.677
1.676

2.013
2.012
2.011
2.010
2.009

2.410
2.408
2.407
2.405
2.403

2.687
2.685
2.682
2.680
2.678

3.515
3.510
3.505
3.500
3.496

16
17
18
19
20

1.337
1.333
1.330
1.328
1.325

1.746
1.740
1.734
1.729
1.725

2.120
2.110
2.101
2.093
2.086

2.583
2.567
2.552
2.539
2.528

2.921
2.898
2.878
2.861
2.845

4.015
3.965
3.922
3.883
3.850

51
52
53
54
55

1.298
1.298
1.298
1.297
1.297

1.675
1.675
1.674
1.674
1.673

2.008
2.007
2.006
2.005
2.004

2.402
2.400
2.399
2.397
2.396

2.676
2.674
2.672
2.670
2.668

3.492
3.488
3.484
3.480
3.476

21
22
23
24
25

1.323
1.321
1.319
1.318
1.316

1.721
1.717
1.714
1.711
1.708

2.080
2.074
2.069
2.064
2.060

2.518
2.508
2.500
2.492
2.485

2.831
2.819
2.807
2.797
2.787

3.819
3.792
3.768
3.745
3.725

56
57
58
59
60

1.297
1.297
1.296
1.296
1.296

1.673
1.672
1.672
1.671
1.671

2.003
2.002
2.002
2.001
2.000

2.395
2.394
2.392
2.391
2.390

2.667
2.665
2.663
2.662
2.660

3.473
3.470
3.466
3.463
3.460

26
27
28
29
30

1.315
1.314
1.313
1.311
1.310

1.706
1.703
1.701
1.699
1.697

2.056
2.052
2.048
2.045
2.042

2.479
2.473
2.467
2.462
2.457

2.779
2.771
2.763
2.756
2.750

3.707
3.690
3.674
3.659
3.646

61
62
63
64
65

1.296
1.295
1.295
1.295
1.295

1.670
1.670
1.669
1.669
1.669

2.000
1.999
1.998
1.998
1.997

2.389
2.388
2.387
2.386
2.385

2.659
2.657
2.656
2.655
2.654

3.457
3.454
3.452
3.449
3.447

31
32
33
34
35

1.309
1.309
1.308
1.307
1.306

1.696
1.694
1.692
1.691
1.690

2.040
2.037
2.035
2.032
2.030

2.453
2.449
2.445
2.441
2.438

2.744
2.738
2.733
2.728
2.724

3.633
3.622
3.611
3.601
3.591

66
67
68
69
70

1.295
1.294
1.294
1.294
1.294

1.668
1.668
1.668
1.667
1.667

1.997
1.996
1.995
1.995
1.994

2.384
2.383
2.382
2.382
2.381

2.652
2.651
2.650
2.649
2.648

3.444
3.442
3.439
3.437
3.435
(contina)

785

Apndice B
B.2: Distribucin t de Student (conclusin)

80%
gl

Intervalo de confianza, c
90%
95%
98%

99%

99.9%

Nivel de significancia para una prueba de una cola, A

0.100
0.050
0.025
0.010
0.005
0.0005

80%
gl

Nivel de significancia para una prueba de dos colas, A

0.200
0.10
0.05
0.02
0.01
0.001
71
72
73
74
75

1.294
1.293
1.293
1.293
1.293

1.667
1.666
1.666
1.666
1.665

1.994
1.993
1.993
1.993
1.992

2.380
2.379
2.379
2.378
2.377

2.647
2.646
2.645
2.644
2.643

3.433
3.431
3.429
3.427
3.425

76
77
78
79
80

1.293
1.293
1.292
1.292
1.292

1.665
1.665
1.665
1.664
1.664

1.992
1.991
1.991
1.990
1.990

2.376
2.376
2.375
2.374
2.374

2.642
2.641
2.640
2.640
2.639

3.423
3.421
3.420
3.418
3.416

81
82
83
84
85

1.292
1.292
1.292
1.292
1.292

1.664
1.664
1.663
1.663
1.663

1.990
1.989
1.989
1.989
1.988

2.373
2.373
2.372
2.372
2.371

2.638
2.637
2.636
2.636
2.635

3.415
3.413
3.412
3.410
3.409

86
87
88

1.291
1.291
1.291

1.663
1.663
1.662

1.988
1.988
1.987

2.370
2.370
2.369

2.634
2.634
2.633

3.407
3.406
3.405

786

Intervalo de confianza, c
90%
95%
98%

99%

99.9%

Nivel de significancia para una prueba de una cola, A

0.100
0.050
0.025
0.010
0.005
0.0005
Nivel de significancia para una prueba de dos colas, A
0.200
0.10
0.05
0.02
0.01
0.001

89
90

1.291
1.291

1.662
1.662

1.987
1.987

2.369
2.368

2.632
2.632

3.403
3.402

91
92
93
94
95

1.291
1.291
1.291
1.291
1.291

1.662
1.662
1.661
1.661
1.661

1.986
1.986
1.986
1.986
1.985

2.368
2.368
2.367
2.367
2.366

2.631
2.630
2.630
2.629
2.629

3.401
3.399
3.398
3.397
3.396

96
97
98
99
100

1.290
1.290
1.290
1.290
1.290

1.661
1.661
1.661
1.660
1.660

1.985
1.985
1.984
1.984
1.984

2.366
2.365
2.365
2.365
2.364

2.628
2.627
2.627
2.626
2.626

3.395
3.394
3.393
3.392
3.390

120
140
160
180
200
@

1.289
1.288
1.287
1.286
1.286
1.282

1.658
1.656
1.654
1.653
1.653
1.645

1.980
1.977
1.975
1.973
1.972
1.960

2.358
2.353
2.350
2.347
2.345
2.326

2.617
2.611
2.607
2.603
2.601
2.576

3.373
3.361
3.352
3.345
3.340
3.291

Apndice B
B.3: Valores crticos de ji cuadrada

Esta tabla contiene los valores de D2 correspondientes a un rea especfica de la cola derecha
y un nmero especfico de grados de libertad.

Ejemplo: con 17 gl y un rea

de 0.02 en la cola superior,

2 = 30.995

Grados
de libertad,
gl

0.10

0.05

0.02

0.01

1
2
3
4
5

2.706
4.605
6.251
7.779
9.236

3.841
5.991
7.815
9.488
11.070

5.412
7.824
9.837
11.668
13.388

6.635
9.210
11.345
13.277
15.086

6
7
8
9
10

10.645
12.017
13.362
14.684
15.987

12.592
14.067
15.507
16.919
18.307

15.033
16.622
18.168
19.679
21.161

16.812
18.475
20.090
21.666
23.209

11
12
13
14
15

17.275
18.549
19.812
21.064
22.307

19.675
21.026
22.362
23.685
24.996

22.618
24.054
25.472
26.873
28.259

24.725
26.217
27.688
29.141
30.578

16
17
18
19
20

23.542
24.769
25.989
27.204
28.412

26.296
27.587
28.869
30.144
31.410

29.633
30.995
32.346
33.687
35.020

32.000
33.409
34.805
36.191
37.566

21
22
23
24
25

29.615
30.813
32.007
33.196
34.382

32.671
33.924
35.172
36.415
37.652

36.343
37.659
38.968
40.270
41.566

38.932
40.289
41.638
42.980
44.314

26
27
28
29
30

35.563
36.741
37.916
39.087
40.256

38.885
40.113
41.337
42.557
43.773

42.856
44.140
45.419
46.693
47.962

45.642
46.963
48.278
49.588
50.892

rea de cola derecha

787

Apndice B
B.4: Valores crticos para la distribucin F en un nivel
de significancia de 5%




Grados de libertad para el denominador

Grados de libertad para el numerador

788

10

12

15

20

24

30

40

1
2
3
4
5

161
18.5
10.1
7.71
6.61

200
19.0
9.55
6.94
5.79

216
19.2
9.28
6.59
5.41

225
19.2
9.12
6.39
5.19

230
19.3
9.01
6.26
5.05

234
19.3
8.94
6.16
4.95

237
19.4
8.89
6.09
4.88

239
19.4
8.85
6.04
4.82

241
19.4
8.81
6.00
4.77

242
19.4
8.79
5.96
4.74

244
19.4
8.74
5.91
4.68

246
19.4
8.70
5.86
4.62

248
19.4
8.66
5.80
4.56

249
19.5
8.64
5.77
4.53

250
19.5
8.62
5.75
4.50

251
19.5
8.59
5.72
4.46

6
7
8
9
10

5.99
5.59
5.32
5.12
4.96

5.14
4.74
4.46
4.26
4.10

4.76
4.35
4.07
3.86
3.71

4.53
4.12
3.84
3.63
3.48

4.39
3.97
3.69
3.48
3.33

4.28
3.87
3.58
3.37
3.22

4.21
3.79
3.50
3.29
3.14

4.15
3.73
3.44
3.23
3.07

4.10
3.68
3.39
3.18
3.02

4.06
3.64
3.35
3.14
2.98

4.00
3.57
3.28
3.07
2.91

3.94
3.51
3.22
3.01
2.85

3.87
3.44
3.15
2.94
2.77

3.84
3.41
3.12
2.90
2.74

3.81
3.38
3.08
2.86
2.70

3.77
3.34
3.04
2.83
2.66

11
12
13
14
15

4.84
4.75
4.67
4.60
4.54

3.98
3.89
3.81
3.74
3.68

3.59
3.49
3.41
3.34
3.29

3.36
3.26
3.18
3.11
3.06

3.20
3.11
3.03
2.96
2.90

3.09
3.00
2.92
2.85
2.79

3.01
2.91
2.83
2.76
2.71

2.95
2.85
2.77
2.70
2.64

2.90
2.80
2.71
2.65
2.59

2.85
2.75
2.67
2.60
2.54

2.79
2.69
2.60
2.53
2.48

2.72
2.62
2.53
2.46
2.40

2.65
2.54
2.46
2.39
2.33

2.61
2.51
2.42
2.35
2.29

2.57
2.47
2.38
2.31
2.25

2.53
2.43
2.34
2.27
2.20

16
17
18
19
20

4.49
4.45
4.41
4.38
4.35

3.63
3.59
3.55
3.52
3.49

3.24
3.20
3.16
3.13
3.10

3.01
2.96
2.93
2.90
2.87

2.85
2.81
2.77
2.74
2.71

2.74
2.70
2.66
2.63
2.60

2.66
2.61
2.58
2.54
2.51

2.59
2.55
2.51
2.48
2.45

2.54
2.49
2.46
2.42
2.39

2.49
2.45
2.41
2.38
2.35

2.42
2.38
2.34
2.31
2.28

2.35
2.31
2.27
2.23
2.20

2.28
2.23
2.19
2.16
2.12

2.24
2.19
2.15
2.11
2.08

2.19
2.15
2.11
2.07
2.04

2.15
2.10
2.06
2.03
1.99

21
22
23
24
25

4.32
4.30
4.28
4.26
4.24

3.47
3.44
3.42
3.40
3.39

3.07
3.05
3.03
3.01
2.99

2.84
2.82
2.80
2.78
2.76

2.68
2.66
2.64
2.62
2.60

2.57
2.55
2.53
2.51
2.49

2.49
2.46
2.44
2.42
2.40

2.42
2.40
2.37
2.36
2.34

2.37
2.34
2.32
2.30
2.28

2.32
2.30
2.27
2.25
2.24

2.25
2.23
2.20
2.18
2.16

2.18
2.15
2.13
2.11
2.09

2.10
2.07
2.05
2.03
2.01

2.05
2.03
2.01
1.98
1.96

2.01
1.98
1.96
1.94
1.92

1.96
1.94
1.91
1.89
1.87

30
40
60
120
@

4.17
4.08
4.00
3.92
3.84

3.32
3.23
3.15
3.07
3.00

2.92
2.84
2.76
2.68
2.60

2.69
2.61
2.53
2.45
2.37

2.53
2.45
2.37
2.29
2.21

2.42
2.34
2.25
2.18
2.10

2.33
2.25
2.17
2.09
2.01

2.27
2.18
2.10
2.02
1.94

2.21
2.12
2.04
1.96
1.88

2.16
2.08
1.99
1.91
1.83

2.09
2.00
1.92
1.83
1.75

2.01
1.92
1.84
1.75
1.67

1.93
1.84
1.75
1.66
1.57

1.89
1.79
1.70
1.61
1.52

1.84
1.74
1.65
1.55
1.46

1.79
1.69
1.59
1.50
1.39

Apndice B
B.4: Valores crticos para la distribucin F en un nivel
de significancia de 5% (conclusin)




Grados de libertad para el denominador

Grados de libertad para el numerador

1

10

12

15

20

24

30

40

1
2
3
4
5

4052
98.5
34.1
21.2
16.3

5000
99.0
30.8
18.0
13.3

5403
99.2
29.5
16.7
12.1

5625
99.2
28.7
16.0
11.4

5764
99.3
28.2
15.5
11.0

5859
99.3
27.9
15.2
10.7

5928
99.4
27.7
15.0
10.5

5981
99.4
27.5
14.8
10.3

6022
99.4
27.3
14.7
10.2

6056
99.4
27.2
14.5
10.1

6106
99.4
27.1
14.4
9.89

6157
99.4
26.9
14.2
9.72

6209
99.4
26.7
14.0
9.55

6235
99.5
26.6
13.9
9.47

6261
99.5
26.5
13.8
9.38

6287
99.5
26.4
13.7
9.29

6
7
8
9
10

13.7
12.2
11.3
10.6
10.0

10.9
9.55
8.65
8.02
7.56

9.78
8.45
7.59
6.99
6.55

9.15
7.85
7.01
6.42
5.99

8.75
7.46
6.63
6.06
5.64

8.47
7.19
6.37
5.80
5.39

8.26
6.99
6.18
5.61
5.20

8.10
6.84
6.03
5.47
5.06

7.98
6.72
5.91
5.35
4.94

7.87
6.62
5.81
5.26
4.85

7.72
6.47
5.67
5.11
4.71

7.56
6.31
5.52
4.96
4.56

7.40
6.16
5.36
4.81
4.41

7.31
6.07
5.28
4.73
4.33

7.23
5.99
5.20
4.65
4.25

7.14
5.91
5.12
4.57
4.17

11
12
13
14
15

9.65
9.33
9.07
8.86
8.68

7.21
6.93
6.70
6.51
6.36

6.22
5.95
5.74
5.56
5.42

5.67
5.41
5.21
5.04
4.89

5.32
5.06
4.86
4.69
4.56

5.07
4.82
4.62
4.46
4.32

4.89
4.64
4.44
4.28
4.14

4.74
4.50
4.30
4.14
4.00

4.63
4.39
4.19
4.03
3.89

4.54
4.30
4.10
3.94
3.80

4.40
4.16
3.96
3.80
3.67

4.25
4.01
3.82
3.66
3.52

4.10
3.86
3.66
3.51
3.37

4.02
3.78
3.59
3.43
3.29

3.94
3.70
3.51
3.35
3.21

3.86
3.62
3.43
3.27
3.13

16
17
18
19
20

8.53
8.40
8.29
8.18
8.10

6.23
6.11
6.01
5.93
5.85

5.29
5.18
5.09
5.01
4.94

4.77
4.67
4.58
4.50
4.43

4.44
4.34
4.25
4.17
4.10

4.20
4.10
4.01
3.94
3.87

4.03
3.93
3.84
3.77
3.70

3.89
3.79
3.71
3.63
3.56

3.78
3.68
3.60
3.52
3.46

3.69
3.59
3.51
3.43
3.37

3.55
3.46
3.37
3.30
3.23

3.41
3.31
3.23
3.15
3.09

3.26
3.16
3.08
3.00
2.94

3.18
3.08
3.00
2.92
2.86

3.10
3.00
2.92
2.84
2.78

3.02
2.92
2.84
2.76
2.69

21
22
23
24
25

8.02
7.95
7.88
7.82
7.77

5.78
5.72
5.66
5.61
5.57

4.87
4.82
4.76
4.72
4.68

4.37
4.31
4.26
4.22
4.18

4.04
3.99
3.94
3.90
3.85

3.81
3.76
3.71
3.67
3.63

3.64
3.59
3.54
3.50
3.46

3.51
3.45
3.41
3.36
3.32

3.40
3.35
3.30
3.26
3.22

3.31
3.26
3.21
3.17
3.13

3.17
3.12
3.07
3.03
2.99

3.03
2.98
2.93
2.89
2.85

2.88
2.83
2.78
2.74
2.70

2.80
2.75
2.70
2.66
2.62

2.72
2.67
2.62
2.58
2.54

2.64
2.58
2.54
2.49
2.45

30
40
60
120
@

7.56
7.31
7.08
6.85
6.63

5.39
5.18
4.98
4.79
4.61

4.51
4.31
4.13
3.95
3.78

4.02
3.83
3.65
3.48
3.32

3.70
3.51
3.34
3.17
3.02

3.47
3.29
3.12
2.96
2.80

3.30
3.12
2.95
2.79
2.64

3.17
2.99
2.82
2.66
2.51

3.07
2.89
2.72
2.56
2.41

2.98
2.80
2.63
2.47
2.32

2.84
2.66
2.50
2.34
2.18

2.70
2.52
2.35
2.19
2.04

2.55
2.37
2.20
2.03
1.88

2.47
2.29
2.12
1.95
1.79

2.39
2.20
2.03
1.86
1.70

2.30
2.11
1.94
1.76
1.59

789