REPRESENTASI SINYAL
1, n 1, 3
x(n) 4, n 2
0, n lainnya
- 2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
0 0 1 4 1 0 0 ---
x(n) 0, 0, 1, 4, 1, 0, 0,
x(n) 0, 1, 4, 1, 0, 0,
x(n) 3, 1, 2, 5, 0, 4, 1
x(n) 0, 1, 4, 1
SINYAL-SINYAL DASAR
Unit impulse sinyal
Unit step signal
Unit ramp signal
Exponential signal
1, n 0
( n)
0, n 0
1, n 0
u ( n)
0, n 0
n, n 0
u r ( n)
0, n 0
x ( n) a
a re
j
j n
x(n) a (re ) r e
n
jn
n
xR (n) r cosn (0,9) cos
10
n
n
xI (n) r sin n (0,9) sin
10
n
x ( n) r e
n
jn
x(n) A(n) r
x(n) (n) n
KLASIFIKASI SINYAL
Sinyal energi
Sinyal daya
Sinyal simetris (sinyal genap)
Sinyal antisimetris (sinyal ganjil)
x ( n)
EN
x ( n)
n N
N 2 N 1
n N
1
P lim
EN
N 2 N 1
x(n) = sinyal daya
N = perioda
x(n) A sin( 2 f o N )
k
fo
N
1
P
N
P terbatas :
Sinyal periodik = sinyal daya
N 1
x ( n)
n 0
x ( n) x ( n)
1
xe (n) [ x(n) x(n)]
2
1
xe ( n) [ x(n) x(n)] xe (n)
2
xe(n) adalah sinyal genap
1
xo (n) [ x(n) x( n)]
2
1
xo (n) [ x(n) x(n)] xo (n)
2
xo (n) adalah sinyal ganjil
1
xe (n) xo (n) [ x(n) x(n)]
2
1
[ x(n) x(n)] x(n)
2
OPERASI-OPERASI SINYAL
Time delay/advance
Folding
Time Scaling (Down-sampling)
Time Delay/Advance
y(n ) TD k x (n )
x (n k )
y(n ) TD 3 x (n ) x (n 3)
y(0) x (0 3) x (3)
y(1) x (1 3) x (2)
x (n ) digeser ke kanan 3
y(n ) TD 2 [ x (n )] x (n 2)
y(0) x (0 2) x (2)
y(1) x (1 2) x (3)
x (n ) digeser ke kiri 2
Folding
y1 (n ) FD x (n ) x (n )
y 2 (n ) TD 2 y1 (n )
TD 2 [ x (n )]
x (n (2)) x (n 2)
dilipat
kemudian
digeser kekanan 2
Time Scaling
y ( n ) x ( n )
y( n ) x ( 2n )
y ( 0) x ( 0)
y(1) x (2)
y(1) x (2)
y(2) x (4)
y(3) x (6)
Contoh-Soal 1
Diketahui suatu sinyal diskrit yang didefinisikan sebagai :
n
1 , 3 n 1
3
1,
0n3
x (n )
0,
n lainnya
n
1 , 3 n 1
3
1,
0n3
0,
n lainnya
x (n )
a)
-4
-3
-2
-1
x (n )
-4
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
-3
-2
-1
y1 (n ) FD x (n ) x (n )
y1 (n ) x (n )
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
-2
-1
b)
-3
y 2 (n ) TD 2 x (n ) x (n 2)
x (n )
-4
-3
-2
-2
-1
-1
y 3 (n ) TD 2 x (n ) x (n 2)
y 3 (n ) x (n 2)
-2
-1
c)
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
Contoh-Soal 2
Diketahui suatu sinyal diskrit seperti terlihatdi bawah ini :
-3
-2
-1
x (n )
-3
-2
-1
-2
-1
x (n )
-6
-5
-4
-3
1
x e ( n ) x ( n ) x ( n )
2
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
-1
1
x o (n ) x (n ) x ( n )
2
-5
-4
-3
-2
Contoh-Soal 3
Gambarkan sinyal-sinyal berikut :
a ) x1 (n ) u (n ) u (n 3)
b) x 2 (n ) u (n ) u (n 1)
c) x 3 (n ) x (n )(n ), x (n ) {1,2,3,1,0}
d ) x 4 ( n ) x ( n ) ( n 2)
e) x 5 ( n )
x (k ) x (n k )
k 2
u (n )
Unit step
u (n 3)
x1 (n ) u (n ) u (n 3)
Pulsa
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
u (n )
Unit step
u (n 1)
x 2 (n ) u (n ) u (n 1) (n ) Unit impuls
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
x (n ) {1, 2, 3, 1, 0}
( n )
x 3 ( n ) x ( n )( n ) 3( n ) x (0)( n )
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
x (n )
(n 1)
x 4 (n ) x (n )(n 1) x (1)(n 1)
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
x (n )
x 5 (n )
x (n )(n 2)
x (n )(n 1)
x ( n ) ( n k )
k 2
x (n )(n 1)
x ( n ) ( n )
x (n )(n 2)
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6