Bangla Remitence Analysis

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wbevnx mvi-msc (Executive Summary)
a-e
c_g Aavq t evsjv`k iwgUvi eenvi kxlK vwW cwiPvjbvi iciLv

f~wgKv
iwgUvi eenvi kxlK G vwW cwiPvjbvi KviY
vwW cwiPvjbvi Dk
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vwWi cwiwa I mxgveZv
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iwgUvmsv Abvb vwW cwZe`b chvjvPbv
1
2
2
2
3
4
4
wZxq Aavq t iwgUv AvniY evsjv`ki f~wgKv

iwgUvi RvZxq iZ
iwgUv AvniY wek evsjv`ki Aevb
iwgUvi Drm- (`kwfwK chvjvPbv)
iwgUv AvniY evsKmg~ni Ae`vb I MnxZe c`cmg~n
iwgUv AvniY evwYwRK evsKi c_K c_K Ae`vb
iwgUvi eenvi fvM _K wewbqvM re-direct Kivi wbwg evsKmg~ni Ae`vb
evsjv`k evsK/evwYwRK evsKmg~ni MnxZe c`cmg~n
iwgUv AvniY miKvwi cwZvbmg~ni fwgKv I MnxZe c`cmg~n
K. Rbkw, Kgmsvb I cwkY eyiv (weGgBwU)-Gi f~wgKv
L. evsjv`k IfvimxR GgcqgU G mvwfmm wjwgUW (evqmj)-Gi f~wgKv
M. evsjv`k Gmvwmqkb Ae BUvibvkbvj wizwUs GRw (evqiv)-Gi f~wgKv/Kvhg
N. cevmx KjvY I e`wkK Kgmsvb gYvjqi f~wgKv/Kvhg
G gYvjqi 2011-12 A_eQi evevwqZe c`cmg~n
evsKmg~ni iwgUv Wwjfvix wmgi Aev
evsKmg~ni iwgUv Wwjfvix wmgi mgmv weklY
iwgUv Wwjfvix wmg Dbqb MnxZe c`cmg~n
8
9
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11
12
14
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16
16
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24
ZZxq Aavq t miRwgb cwi`kb Kvhgi gvag cv Z_/Dcvi weklY

cevmx evsjv`kxì wewfb welqwfwK weklY
wkvMZ hvMZv
we`k hvIqvi cvvj A_ MnY/msMni wewfb Drm weklY
evsK GKvDU Lvjvi mvweK cwiwwZ
`k iwgUv ciYi gvagmg~n weklY
iwgUv myweavfvMx KZK cv A_ eenvii w`Kmg~n weklY
iwgUv myweavfvMx KZK eZgvb wewbqvMi Dk A_ eenvii mvgwMK weklY
25
25
25
26
27
28
28
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PZz_ Aavq t evsjv`k iwgUvi eenvi t fvM _K mq I wewbqvM icvii Dcvq
eZgvb evsjv`k iwgUvi gvag cv A_ eenvii DjLhvM w`Kmg~ni weklY
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wkvi Rb
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fvM-wejvwmZv I Abyrcv`bkxj LvZ iwgUvi A_ eenvii gvv I Zvi cfve weklY
Drcv`bkxj LvZ iwgUv eenvii mvebv I weeP w`Kmg~n weklY
cevmx I Zvì myweavfvMx cwievieMi Rb MnxZe bxwZgvjv/Dcvqmg~n
cZveZbKvix cevmxì Rb MnxZe bxwZgvjv/myweavmg~n
vqxfve we`k AevbKvix cevmx evsjv`kxì Rb bxwZgvjv/myweavmg~n
evsjv`ki AjwfwK mylg Dbqb KgKv iwgUv ciYKvixìK mKiY
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cg Aavq t wevwiZ mycvwikgvjv
42-46
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cwiwk-1 t iwgUvi AvniY I eenvi welq wewfb `ki AwfZv weklY
cwiwk-2 t vwW cwiPvjbvi Uvgm Ae idvi
cwiwk-3 t evsKmg~ni cavb wbevnxì eivei cwiZ ckgvjv
cwiwk-4 t wbevwPZ AvUwU evsKi 56wU kvLv eevcKi wbKU cwiZ ckgvjv
cwiwk-5 t iwgUv myweavfvMxì Rb ckgvjv
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-1-/-9I
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XII
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evsjv`k iwgUvi eenvi t fwelr w`K-wb`kbv kxlK vwW gvbbxq cavbgxi Kvhvjq 31 Rvbyqvwi 2010
ZvwiL AbywZ mvgwK A_bwZK cwiwwZ chvjvPbv msv mfvi wmv Ges gvbbxq Mfbi gnv`qi Abygv`bg
evsjv`k evsKi MelYv wefvM KZK cwiPvwjZ nq| MelYv wefvMi DcgnveevcK Rbve gvt Avyj AvDqvj
miKvi Gi bZZ D wefvMi 5 (cuvP) m`mwewk GKwU vwW `j KZK gvV chvq iwgUv myweavfvMxì mv_ cvq
ò gvmevcx mivmwi gZwewbgq Ges GKwU mymsnZ KvVvgvMZ ckgvjvi AvjvK iwgUvi A_ eZgvb wK wK KvR
eeZ nq Ges Zv wKfve Drcv`bgyLx KgKv re-direct Kiv hvq m welqjvi cyLvbycyL weklY Kiv nqQ Ges
m AvjvK wKQz mycvwik cYqb Kiv nqQ|
vwW cwiPvjbvi evsjv`k evsKi gvbbxq WcywU Mfbi Rbve wRqvDj nvmvb wmwKx-i mvweK w`K wb`kbv I
A_bwZK Dc`v Wt gvt AvLZvivgvb h g~jevb civgk w`qQb mRb Avgiv Zvì wbKU KZ| evsjv`k
evsKi PMvg, ewikvj, wmjU, ivRkvnx, Lyjbv I iscyi Awdm Zvì mjb K vbxq mKj evsKviì wbq
iwgUv welq mPZbZv I `vwqZeva mwi Rb h mfvjvi AvqvRb KiwQj, m Rb Avgiv Awdmjvi
gnveevcK I Abvb KgKZvì wbKU FYx|
vwW Uxgi m`mMY `ki mvZwU wefvMxq kni AvUwU evsKi 56wU kvLvq 3010 Rb iwgUv myweavfvMx cwievii
mvvZKvi MnY I gZwewbgq mfv Abyvbi Rb h AKv K I ZvM ^xKvi KiQb m Rb vwW `jK abev`
RvbvB| Zvì G K I ZvMi djvdj G vwW cwZe`b| wbevwPZ AvUwU evwYwRK evsKi 56wU kvLvq iwgUv
myweavfvMxì mv_ mdj gZwewbgq mfvi AvqvRb Kivi Rb Avgiv D kvLv eevcKMYi AvwiK mnhvwMZvi
K_vI iY KiwQ| weklfve, mvbvjx evsK wjwgUW I Bmjvgx evsK evsjv`k wjwgUW Gi `yRb KgKZv Avgvì
vwW `ji mv_ mviv`k mvewYKfve Rwic KvR cwiPvjbvq h AvwiK mnhvwMZv c`vb KiQb mRb Zvì
evsKi mvwbZ eevcbv cwiPvjKmn ZvìK AvwiK abev` RvbvwQ| GQvov G cwqvq evK evsK, cvBg evsK,
bvkbvj evsK, AMYx evsK, RbZv evsK Ges Gwe evsK wjwgUWi wbevwPZ kvLvmg~ni eevcKMYKI Zvì mvweK
mnhvwMZvI weklfve iY KiwQ|
G vwW cwZe`b evsjv`kx cevmxì iwgUv `k Avbqbi Ges Zv Drcv`bkxj KgKv wewbqvwRZ Kivi
wKQzUv Ae`vb ivLj Avgvì G kg mv_K nqQ ej ai wbe| gvbbxq cavbgxi Kvhvjq AbywZ mvgwK
A_bwZK cwiwwZ chvjvPbv msv mfvq G aibi GKwU RbMyiZc~Y welq wmv MnY I evsjv`k evsKK G
vwW cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ c`vb Kivq evsjv`k evsKi MelYv wefvMi c _K Avgiv AvwiK KZZv RvbvwQ|
Avgiv wbqZv c`vb KiwQ h, evsjv`k evsKi MelYv wefvM AvMvgxZ AviI wewfb RvZxq iZc~Y A_bwZK Bmyi
Ici MelYv Kg cwiPvjbvi evcvi mvweK mnvqZv c`vb Kie Ges G evcvi Avgiv cwZkwZe|
(gvt AvLZvivgvb)
gnveevcK, MelYv wefvM
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ZvwiL t XvKv
28 Ryb, 2011
************************************************************************************
iii
wbevnx mvi-msc (Executive Summary)

gvbbxq cavbgxi Kvhvjq 31 Rvbyqvwi 2010 ZvwiL AbywZ mvgwK A_bwZK cwiwwZ chvjvPbv msv
mfvq wewfb policy issues wbq wmv MnY Kiv nq| Zba, AbZg wQj-cevmx evsjv`kx AwfevmxMY
iwgUv wnme h KvwRZ e`wkK gy`v `k ciY Kib Zv Zvì G`kxq ewbwdwmqvixiv wK wK KvR
eenvi Ki Zv chvjvPbv Ki m A_ wKfve wewbqvMg~jK KgKv m Kiv hvq-Zvi Dcvq Dveb Kiv|
D mfv Ges A_ gYvjq G KvRi `vwqZ evsjv`k evsKi Ici b Ki| evsjv`k evsKi gvbbxq Mfbi
gnv`q D welq GKwU AMfxi vwW cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ evsKi MelYv wefvMi Ici AcY Kib| MelYv
wefvMi DcgnveevcK Rbve gvt Avyj AvDqvj miKvi Gi bZZ D wefvMi 5 (cuvP) m`mwewk GKwU
vwW `j MVb Kiv nq Ges vwW `j KZK 14 deqvwi 2011 nZ 31 gvP 2011 ZvwiL ch cvq ò gvm
ai `ki mvZwU wefvMxq kni AvUwU evsKi 56wU kvLv KZK AvqvwRZ gZ-wewbgq mfvq 3010 Rb
ewbwdwmqvixi mv_ mivmwi AvjvPbvq wgwjZ nq| AvjvPbvi gvag cv (direct personal contact) Zvì
gZvgZ/civgk-Gi AvjvK G vwW cwZe`b Zwi Kiv nqQ| cmZt DjL h, evsjv`k evsKi 7wU
wefvMxq Awdm vbxq evsK cavbì mv_ h gZwewbgq mfvi AvqvRb Kiv nq-m mfvjvq evsjv`k
evsKi mvwbZ A_bwZK Dc`v W. gvt AvLZvivgvb cavb AwZw_ I AvjvPK wnme DcwZ _K
evsK cavbìK iwgUv AvniYi AviI ewj fwgKv cvjbi Rb Avnevb Rvbvb|
vwW cwZe`b cuvPwU Aavq iqQ| c_g Aavq evsjv`ki iwgUvi eenvi kxlK G vwW cwiPvjbvi
iciLvi Ici AvjvKcvZ Kiv nqQ| wZxq Aavq iwgUv AvniYi GKwU Dbqbkxj `k wnme
evsjv`k wK fwgKv cvjb KiQ m welq wevwiZ AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ| ZZxq Aavq miRwgb cwi`kb
Kvhgi gvag cv Z_/Dcvi weklY Kiv nqQ| PZz_ Aavq eZgvb evsjv`k iwgUvi gvag
cv A_ eenvii DjLhvM w`Kmg~ni GKwU weZ chvjvPbv Kivi cvkvcvwk iwgUvi eenvi wKfve
fvM _K mq I wewbqvM icvi Kiv hvq (re-direct from consumption to savings and investment)
m welq w`K-wb`kbvg~jK AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ| cg Aavq iwgUvmswk wewfb stake-holder-ì Rb
evevqbvchvMx GKwU mycvwikgvjv cYqb Kiv nqQ|
wZxq Aavq iwgUv AvniY evsjv`ki fwgKvi welqwU weZ AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ| GK_v Ab^xKvh h,
evsjv`ki mvweK A_bwZK Dbqb iwgUv AZ iZc~Y fwgKv cvjb Ki hvQ| jb`b fvimvgi
a
wwZkxjZv AzY ivLvi GKwU AbZg AbyNUK (catalyst) wnme Ges `k e`wkK gy`vi wiRvf Dbqb
I Avg`vwb A_vqb iwgUvi fwgKv GKwU AbZg PvwjKv kwi bvq (key driver of sustainable BOP,
Forex reserve development and import financing)| 2009-10 A_eQi iwgUvi gvag cv A_i
cwigvY wQj cvq 11 wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi, hv Avg`vwb eqi kZKiv 51.37 fvM c~iY Ki| ea Pvbj
evsjv`kxì KvwRZ A_ `k Avmv wbwZ Kiv Mj D cwigvY ejvsk ew cve ej Avkv Kiv hvq|
iwgUv AvniY evsjv`k weki mg vb iqQ| `kwfwK iwgUvi Drm weklY Kij `Lv hvq h,
gacvPi `kmg~n h_v-mw` Avie, mshy Avie AvwgivZ, KzqZ, KvZvi, Igvb, evnivBb, wjweqv I Bivb
_K 2010 mvj iwgUv AvniYi cwigvY njv mvZ wewjqb gvwKb WjviiI ewk| A_vr, gvU iwgUvi
kZKiv cvq 66 fvM| Gi ciB iqQ BDivcxq BDwbqbfy `kmg~n _K cv iwgUvi Aevb| 2010
mvj BDivcxq BDwbqbfy `kmg~n _K iwgUv cvIqv hvq gvU iwgUvi cvq kZKiv 10 fvM Ges
Gkxq-ckv gnvmvMixq `kmg~n _K cvq kZKiv AvU fvM| DjL, Gkxq-ckv gnvmvMixq `kmg~ni ga
gvjqwkqv, Rvcvb Ges AvwdKvb `kmg~n evsjv`ki Rbkw ivwbi wecyj I mvebv iqQ|
iwgUv AvniY `ki evwYwRK evsKmg~n weivU fwgKv cvjb Ki hvQ| `ki 47wU evsKB cevmx
evsjv`kxì A_ `k Avbqbi AZ mwq| 2010 mvji Z_ weklY Kij `Lv hvq h, emiKvwi
evwYwRK evsKmg~n gvU iwgUvi kZKiv cvq 70 fvM AvniY KiQ| ivvqZ evwYwRK evsKmg~n kZKiv
cvq 28 fvM Ges Aewk kZKiv `yB fvM weklvwqZ I we`kx evwYwRK evsKmg~n AvniY KiQ| mKj
evsKi ga emiKvwi LvZi evsK Bmjvgx evsK evsjv`k wjt gvU iwgUvi kZKiv cvq 27 fvM AvniY
KiQ| we`k DjLhvM msLK evsK KgKZv wbqvM, evcK evswKs bUIqvK, wewfb `k GP nvDR
GigU, AvaywbK wWwRUvj cwZi eevcbv Ges mevcwi cevmx evsjv`kx Awfevmxì mv_ GKvZ nq
KvR KivB Zvì iwgUv AvniY G AMMwZ AwRZ nqQ| ay iwgUv AvniYB bq, eis Zv fvM _K
wewbqvM cybtPvjbvi (re-direct) I evsKmg~n civgkKi fwgKv cvjb KiQ| iwgUv AvniY miKvwi
emiKvwi cwZvbmg~ni fwgKvI ek iZc~Y| hvnvK, `ki iwgUv Wwjfvix wmg weivRgvb
mgmvmg~n `~i Kiv nj `k ea Pvbj iwgUv eY ewi myhvM mw ne|
ZZxq Aavq iwgUv myweavfvMxì mv_ miRwgb cwi`kb I AvjvPbv Kvhgi gvag cv wewfb Z_Dcvi weklY Kiv nqQ| GZ iwgUv I cevmxì wewfb welq mK aviYv cvIqv MQ| cevmx
evsjv`kxì ga A` kwgKi msLvB mePq ewk, h KviY Zvì Avqi cwigvYI LyeB Kg| G wecyj
b
msLK A` kwgK hw` Dchy KvwiMwi wkvq wkwZ nZv Ze iwgUv AvniY GK wece NU hZ|
hvnvK, AvMvgxZ `kwfwK DchvMx ` kwgK ciYi w`K `w `qv DwPZ| iwgUv ewbdwkqvixì KvQ
_K Rvbv MQ h, Awfevmxì kZKiv 41 fvM Rwg wew/eK iL Ges kZKiv 47 fvM AvZxq-^Rbì
wbKU _K avi-`bv Ki we`k MQb| G AbK GKeviB wbt^ nq we`k MQb| we`kMvgx
evsjv`kx kwgKì Rb 2/1wU evsK cevmx A_vqb cK Pvjy KiQ- hv evcKwfwK nIqv ìKvi| mwZ
cwZwZ cevmx KjvY evsKI G evcvi KvhKi fwgKv cvjb KiZ cvi| Awfevmxì evsK GKvDU Lvjvi
welq `Lv hvq h, cevmx evsjv`kxì kZKiv cvq 42 fvM we`k hvIqvi ci evsK wnmve LyjQ Ges
kZKiv cvq 24 fvMi Kvb evsK wnmve bB| mg~n mvebv h, D 24 fvM cevmxi UvKv wi gvag `k
Gm _vK| eZgvb iwgUvi A_ eenvii w`KwU chvjvPbv `Lv hvq h, kZKiv cvq 70 fvM cwieviB
Zvì fvM-eq wbevni Rb G A_ eq Ki _vK| mq I wewbqvM G A_i mZv AbK Kg|
PZz_ Aavq evsjv`k iwgUvi eenviK wKfve fvM _K wewbqvMi mv_ m Kiv hvq -m evcvi
wewfb `ki AwfZvi AvjvK ek wKQz c`ci K_v ejv nqQ| eZgvb G`kxq cevmxì myweavfvMxiv
cv iwgUvi kZKiv cvq 75 fvM fvM eq KiQ| GB wZb-PZz_vsk iwgUvi A_ wewbqvM KgKv
m Kivi miKvwi-emiKvwi cwZvb Ges evsK I Avw_K cwZvbmg~ni f~wgKv Acwinvh| c_gB
Avm wewbqvM D`vv (investment client) kYx mwi welqwU| G evcvi evsKmg~nK wewfb micro and
SME investment scheme Zwi Ki cqvRbxq KvwiMwi I eemvwqK vb/Z_ mieivn Ki D`vvìK
AvjvwKZ Ki ZzjZ ne| wewfb wewbqvM cK Abygv`b Ges AvbylwK myweav`x hvMvbi `xNm~wZv
`~i Kivi Rb miKviKB ewj D`vM wbZ ne| we`k evsjv`kx Awfevmxì (Diaspora) e`wkK gy`v
evsjv`k wewbqvM AvK Kivi Rb `ki wewfb Aj wewbqvMi wewfb mvebvi wbwiL NRB economic
zone, NRB special industrial zone BZvw` cwZv Kiv hZ cvi|
AvjvPbvq Rvbv MQ h, iwgUv ewbwdwkqvixì mv_ Zvì AvZxq-^Rb hviv we`k cPzi A_ DcvRb
KiQb Zvì AbKB G`k wewbqvM KiZ Gm bvbv aibi AmnhvwMZv I nqivwbi KviY wewbqvM bv Ki
we`k Pj MQb| Diaspora ìK G`k wewbqvM AvK Kivi Rb cqvRbxq Dcvq/cv LuyR ei Kiv
ìKvi| Drcv`bkxj LvZ iwgUv wewbqvMi evsKmg~n iwgUv ciYKvixì wewfb `kxq I
e`wkK evsK wnmvei DPnvi my`/gybvdv `qvi eev KiZ cvi| cevmxìK `k wewbqvM
DrmvwnZ Kivi Rb Priority Remitters' Certificate Bmy Kiv hZ cvi Ges Zvì Rb special incentive
c
Gi eev Kiv hZ cvi| we`kx Awfevmxì wbKU weqi Rb h wZb aibi e eZgvb Pvjy AvQ
mjvK AvK Kivi Rb wewfb myweav/cvwaKvi `qv hZ cvi| cvkvcvwk bZzb financial products
Dveb Kiv hZ cvi| iwgUv myweavfvMxìK wewfb SME cKi mv_ mshy Kiv hZ cvi| mvbvjx
evsK I Bmjvgx evsK evsjv`k wjt Gi bvq NRB Entrepreneurs Investment cK ewbwdwkqvixìK
m Kiv hZ cvi| cevmxiv we`k PvKwiKvjxb mgmvq coj ev `k cZveZbi ci hvZ Kvb
KgKv wbRK wbqvwRZ KiZ cvi mRb Expatriate Insurance Policy in Foreign Currency Pvjyi
welqwU fe `Lv hZ cvi| cevmx evsjv`kxìK `k wewbqvMi evcvi cwic~Y mPZb Kivi j
wewfb evsK I cvwZvwbK myweavi DjLmn Easy Guideline for NRB Investment in the Country bvg
GKwU Brochure evsjv/BsiwRZ Zwi Ki `k-we`k evcKwfwK cPvii D`vM bqv hZ cvi| cevmx
KjvY I e`wkK Kgmsvb gYvjq GKwU cevmx wewbqvM mj MVb Kiv hZ cvi| wewbqvM evWi
IqemvBU cevmx evsjv`kxì wewbqvM myweav bvg GKwU Templete Pvjy Kiv hZ cvi| evsjv`k evsK
cavb Kvhvjqi SME and Special Programs wefvMi AvIZvq NRB Investors Cell bvg GKwU mj
Pvjy Ki NRB ewbwdwkqvixìK SME wewbqvM AvK Kivi Rb evwYwRK evsKmg~nK c_Kfve w`Kwb`kbv Rvwi KiZ cvi|
cwZe`bi cg Aavq wevwiZ mycvwikgvjv cYqb Kiv nqQ| mycvwikjvK `yfvM fvM Kiv hvq- c_gZ,
miKvi I miKvwi cwZvbmg~ni Rb| `k iwgUvi cevn ew I Zv Drcv`bkxj KgKv wewbqvMi Rb
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nq| ci GKwU KvVvgvMZ ckgvjvi AvjvK mevP iwgUv AvniYKvix AvUwU wbevwPZ evwYwRK evsKi2
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nq| `wbK `yBwU kvLvq Kgc gvU 100 Rb myweavfvMx wnme mvZwU wefvM gvU 3010 Rb iwgUv
myweavfvMxi mivmwi wevwiZ mvvZKvi MnY Kiv nq| evsKmg~ni kvLv eevcKì Rb GKwU c_K
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msMnxZ Z_/Dcv, iwgUv-mswk cevmx KjvY I e`wkK Kgmsvb gYvjq I miKvwi-emiKvwi
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1
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Gwe evsK wjt|
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bv cvivI G vwWi mxgveZv wnme MY Kiv hvq| hvnvK, iwgUv msv G vwW AvMvgxZ AviI
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1.10 evsjv`k nZ Rbkwi we`kMgb (labour migration) Gi Dci 2004 mvji c~e ch h mg
vwW cwiPvwjZ nqwQj mjvi ga Protection Issues(Siddiqui 1998), National Legal
Framework on Migration(RMMRU 1999), Labour Migration and Trade Unions(ILO
1999), Female Labour Migration(Siddiqui 1999), Recruitment and Placement
Process(IOM 2000a), Returnees Rehabilitation(IOM 2000b) kxlK vwWjv AbZg| Ze
iwgUvK mivmwi iZ w`q hviv vwW cwiPvjbv KiQb Zvì ga Mahmood 1996; Ahmad and
Zohra 1997, IOM 2000c AbZg| GfveB evsjv`k iwgUvi Dci MelYv Kvhg cwiPvjbvi
iZ evoZ _vK, hvi djkwZZ cdmi Zvmbxg wmwwK RMMRU, XvKv wekwe`vjq, 2004 mvj
Efficiency of Migrant workers Remittance: The Bangladesh case 20043kxlK GKwU vwW
cwiPvjbv Kib| D vwWwU g~jZ mKvwi Dcvi Dci wfw Ki mb Kiv nq Ges evsjv`k nZ
gvBMkb cevni wewfb aib, iwgUvi AvKvi, mvgwK A_bxwZZ Gi iZ Ges iwgUv cevn
miKvwi/emiKvwi wewfb GRxi f~wgKv m^ AvjvKcvZ Kiv nq| cieZxZ `xN cwimi BUvibvkbvj
TasneemSiddique,EfficiencyofMigrantworkersRemittance:TheBangladeshcase,ADB(2004).
AMvbvBRkb di gvBMkb (AvBIGg) Gi cwiPvwjZ The Bangladesh Household Remittance

Survey 20094kxlK mvfi gyL Dk wQj cwZwU cwievi iwgUv cevni ewk Ges aib wbaviY
Kiv| hvi ga Mo cevn, cevn msLv, cevn gvKvwbRg, eq, ciK I cvcKi vb Ges ewk AbZg,
Awfevmx cwievijvi ga iwgUv eenvii aib wbaviY Ges iwgUvi Av_-mvgvwRK cfve m^
weklY| D mvfZ evsjv`ki ZrKvjxb QqwU ckvmwbK wefvM (XvKv, PMvg, Lyjbv, ivRkvnx, ewikvj
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cv_wgKfve 10,926wU cwieviK mvj mvBR weePbv Ki 10,673wU cwievii mvvZKvi MnY Kiv
nq| Ze H vwWZ iwgUvi LvZwfwK eenvii Dci wekl Kvb AvjvPbv Kiv nqwb|
1.11 GQvovI, 2009 mvji AvM gvm wek evsKi `yB Rb KgKZv meRbve gbvni kgv Ges nvmvb
Rvgvbi bZZ Who Migrates Overseas and is it Worth their while?-An Assessment of
Household Survey Data from Bangladesh 5 kxlK GKwU vwW/mgxv cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| D
mgxvi Dk wQj- h mg cwievi we`k Mgb KiZ Pvq Zvì ewk wPwZ Kiv, we`k Mgb
msv LiP wbaviY Ges iwgUv ciYi gvagmg~n wPwZ Kiv| D MelYvq c_g XvKv kni AewZ
wewfb Uvfj GRx I ew gvwjKvbvaxb Rbkw ivwb msvjvi (private manpower recruiting
agencies) mvvZKvi MnYi gvag AwaK nvi we`k MgbKvix cvq 32wU Rjv wPwZ Kiv nq| G
Rjvjv _K èPqb cwZZ 10wU Rjv evQvB Ki cwZwU Rjv _K `yBwU Ki Mvg evQvB Ki gvU
20wU Mvg mgxv cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| mgxv `j cwZwU Mvgi cwZwU cevmx cwievi wMq Zvì Kwl I
AKwlRwbZ eemv Ges weMZ 10 eQi we`kMvgx cwievii Av_-mvgvwRK Aev BZvw` welqi Dci
evcK wfwK Z_/Dcv msMn Ki| D mgxvi gvag Zviv GKwU BKvbgwUK gWj cZ Ki|
MelKq Zvì G vwWZ ewbwdwkqvix cwievii m`mì Perceptional food and non-food
expenditure, m`, wkv Ges mq ew cqQ ej DjL KijI cwiZ A_ wKfve wewbqvM
KgKv wbqvwRZ Kiv hvq m evcvi KvbwKQz DjL Ki wb| A_vr, wewbqvMi mv_ iwgUvi mK
wbYqi w`KwU DcwZ _K hvq|
IOM, The Bangladesh Household Remittance Survey, (2009).

Manohar P. Sharma and Hassan Zaman, WhoMigratesoverseasandisitworththeirwhile?AnAssessmentofHouseholdsurveyData
fromBangladesh,(2009).
1.12 eZgvb mgxvi Dki mv_ DwjwLZ wekevsK Ges AvBIGg mgxvi Dki wKQzUv wgj
_vKjI mgq Ges cvcU wfb nIqvq Ges wewbqvMi welqwU m _vKvq GwU AbKUv wfbgvvi ej
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Av_-mvgwRK Dbqb wK f~wgKv ivLQ Zv weklY Kivi cvkvcvwk cwiewZZ cwZ Zv wKfve eZgvb
miKvi KZK MnxZ Outline Perspective Plan 2010-2021 Gi Dk evevqbi j wewbqvM
mswk Kiv hvq m evcvi KwZcq mywbw` mycvwik cYqb Kiv nqQ|
1.13 AvjvP mgxvq cvwievwiK chvq iwgUv eenvii cvUvb mK mgKfve AewnZ nIqvi Rb
GKwU KvVvgvMZ ckgvjv (structured questionnaire) eenvi Kiv nq| iwgUvi gvag cv A_
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LvZjv wPwZ Kiv nq| wewfb Z_/Dcvi gvag cevmx evsjv`kxì cvwievwiK Avq ewi KviY
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mvebv iqQ| G welqwU nq DVQ h, iwgUv myweavfvMxiv hw` mwVK w`K wb`kbv cvq Ges
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mv_ wewbqvM KgKvi mskl NUvZ cvij 2021 mvji ga evsjv`kK GKwU gag Avqi `k
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kZKiv 23.00 fvM ew cqQ, hv fviZ kZKiv 21.00 fvM, cvwKvb kZKiv 17.00 fvM Ges
kxjsKvq kZKiv 13.00 fvM| Avgvì cevmx evsjv`kxì KVvi cwikgi KviY evsjv`k 2010 mvj
weki ga iwgUv AvniYKvix `k wnme mg vb DbxZ nqQ7| 2009-10 A_eQi `k cvq
11.00 wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi cwigvY iwgUv Avm hv c~eeZx A_eQii Zzjbvq kZKiv 13.40 fvM
ewk|8 iwgUv cewi GB MwZaviv eRvq ivLv Ges G A_ Drcv`bkxj LvZ cevwnZ KivB nQ eZgvb
mgqi AbZg Pvj|
7
8
World Bank staff estimates based on the IMFs BOP Statistics Yearbook, 2010
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iwgUvi RvZxq iZ
2.1 mi `kKi gvSvgvwS nZ cvq wZb `kKiI ewk mgq ai 140wUi gZ `k evsjv`k cvq 6.7
wgwjqb Rbkw ciY KiQ|9 GB wekvj Rbkwi AwaKvskB gacvP Ges `wYc~e Gwkqvi `kjvZ
KgiZ AvQ| we`kMvgx kwgKì G Awfhvv wKQzUv njI RbmsLvi fvi byq cov G `wi` `kwUi
eKviZi Pvc Kgvbvi cvkvcvwk e`wkK gy`v ARbi c_I Dby KiQ| cevmx evsjv`kxiv GKw`K
hgb miKvii eKviZ nvmKiY bxwZK mnvqZv KiQ Zgwb Zvì cwiZ A_ `ki A_bxwZi PvKv
mPj ivLZ iZc~Y f~wgKv cvjb KiQ| 2009-10 mvj evsjv`k DjLhvM cwigvY iwgUv Avm
(cvq 11.00 wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi), hv gvU RvZxq Avqi cvq 11.00 kZvsk Ges gvU ivwb Avqi
kZKiv 67.90 fvM| DjL, ea Pvbj m~Y iwgUv `k Avmv wbwZ Kiv Mj Gi cevn AviI
AbK ew cve ej Avkv Kiv hvq| evsjv`k iwgUv AvniYi Drmjvi ga AwaKvskB njv
gacvPi `kmg~n, hviv cv gvU iwgUvi cvq kZKiv 65.74 fvM hvMvb w`q _vK| Ze,
mvwZKKvj gacvPi `kmg~nmn mve-mvnvivb AvwdKv Aj wewfb ivRbwZK AwiZv Ges DbZ
`kmg~n wek A_bwZK g`vi (world economic slowdown) `xNvqx cfvei KviY evsjv`k
iwgUv cevn wKQyUv bwZevPK aviv cwijwZ njI 2010 mvj ch Zgb DjLhvM cwigvY
iwgUvi cevn nvm cvqwb|* 10 evsjv`ki wRwWwc, Avg`vwb Ges ivwbi kZKiv wnme iwgUv
cewi aviv wbgi mviwY-1-G `Lvbv njv|
mviwY-1 t evsjv`ki wRwWwc, Avg`vwb Ges ivwbi kZKiv wnme iwgUvi cewi aviv
A_eQi
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
iwgUvi cwigvY
(wgwjqb gvwKb Wjvi)
2501.13
3061.97
3371.97
3848.29
4801.88
5978.47
7914.78
9689.26
10987.40
wRwWwc (%)
ivwb (%)
5.26
5.90
5.97
6.37
7.75
8.72
9.95
10.83
9.11
42.18
47.17
44.83
44.89
46.12
49.60
55.93
62.11
67.80
Avg`vwb (GdIwe)
(%)
32.49
35.17
34.27
32.42
36.10
38.54
40.62
47.70
46.29
iwgUv cew
(%)
32.89
22.43
10.12
14.13
24.78
24.50
32.39
22.28
13.40
Drm t e`wkK gy`v bxwZ wefvM, evsjv`k evsK; gvwj BKvbwgK U, cwimsLvb wefvM, evsjv`k evsK|
Khawaja A. Mamun, Hiranya K. Nath, Spring (2010): Journal of Business Strategies

*10Ze weMZ GK `kKi Uvbv DP/Rvivjv cewi avivi wecixZ eZgvb Avw_K eQi cewi MwZ wKQzUv k_ nqQ| hwÌ Dchy bxwZ I miKvwi chv cPv AevnZ
_vKj Zv Avevi KvwUq DVv me ne|
2.2 cevmx evsjv`kxìcwiZ A_i gvag `ki A_bwZK cew Zivw^Z nQ, eKviZi Pvc nvm
cvQ, `ki AZxe cqvRbxq Avg`vwb eq gUvbvi Rb e`wkK gy`v eeZ nQ Ges GKB mv_
ewK I mvgwK chvq fvM, mq I wewbqvMi nvi ew cvQ|
2.3 iwgUvi gvag myweavfvMx cwievijvi Ab, e, evmvb Ges Abvb wbZ cqvRbxq è
mvgMxi Pvwn`v (fulfillment of basic needs) c~iY nQ, cwievii m`mì wkvi LiP hvMvb w`Q,
Rwg q, Ni-evwo wbgvY I givgZ KvR PvjvQ, wPwKrmvi Rb cqvRbxq LiPi msvb Kivi mv_ mv_
iwgUv myweavfvMx cwievijvi mvgvwRK mvb ew nQ I DbZ Rxebhvcb KiZ mg nQ|
cevmxì cwiZ A_ mq I wewbqvM eenvii gvag RvZxq mq I wewbqvM ewZ LyeB mvgvbZg
Ae`vb ivLQ hv ew Kiv nj `k Kgmsvbi myhvM mwi cvkvcvwk `vwi` wbimb Ges Avq mgZv
Avbqb DjLhvM fwgKv ivLe ej Avkv Kiv hvq|
iwgUv AvniY wek evsjv`ki Aevb
2.4 iwgUv AvniYi weMZ KqK eQi weki h KqwU `k kxl Aevb iqQ evsjv`k Zvì
ga AbZg| mekl cv Z_ Abyhvqx, 2010 mvj weki mevP iwgUv AvniYKvix 10wU `ki ga
evsjv`ki Aevb mg| AvjvP 10wU `ki ZvwjKvq kxl AevbKvix fviZi iwgUvi cwigvY 55
wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi| Pxbi AvnwiZ iwgUvi cwigvY 51 wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi, gwKvi 22 wewjqb
Ges evsjv`ki iwgUvi cwigvY 11.1 wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi| ZvwjKvq mewb AevbKvix bvBRwiqvi
iwgUv AvniYi cwigvY 10 wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi| 2010 mvj mevP iwgUv AvniYKvix weki 10wU
`ki ZvwjKv wbPi mviwY-2 G `Lvbv njv|
mviwY-2 t 2010 mvj mevP iwgUv AvniYKvix weki 10 wU `k
wgK bs
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
(wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi)

`k
iwgUvi cwigvY
fviZ
55.00
Pvqbv
51.00
gwKv
22.00
wdwjwc
21.30
dv
15.90
Rvgvbx
11.60
evsjv`k
11.10
ejwRqvg
10.40
b
10.20
bvBRwiqv
10.00
m~ t World Bank staff estimates based on the IMFs BOP Statistics Yearbook, 2010.
2.5 mevP iwgUv AvniYKvix `wY Gwkqvi QqwU `ki ga evsjv`ki Aevb wZxq| 2010 mvj
`wY Gwkqvi mevP iwgUv AvniYKvix `kmg~ni ZvwjKvq kxl iqQ fviZ| cvwKvb, kxjsKv I
bcvj h_vg ZZxq, PZz_ I cg vb iqQ| iwgUv AvniYKvix `wY Gwkqvi QqwU `ki Aevb
wbPi mviwY-3 G `Lvbv njv|
mviwY-3 t mevP iwgUv AvniYKvix `wY Gwkqvi QqwU `k
(wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi)

wgK bs
`kmg~n
iwgUvi cwigvY
01|
fviZ
55.00
02|
evsjv`k
11.10
03|
cvwKZvb
9.40
04|
kxjsKv
3.60
05|
bcvj
3.50
06|
gvjxc
0.00
m~ t World Bank staff estimates based on the IMFs BOP Statistics Yearbook, 2010.
iwgUvi Drm- (`kwfwK chvjvPbv)

2.6 `kwfwK Awfevmb t evsjv`ki cevmx Rbkwi AwaKvskB gacvPi `kmg~n h_v-mw` Avie,
mshy Avie AvwgivZ, KzqZ, Igvb Ges `wY-c~e Gwkqvi `k gvjqwkqv I wmvcyi KgiZ| Rbkw,
Kgmsvb I cwkY eyivi Z_ _K `Lv hvq h, 2005 mvj mw` Avie mePq ewk evsjv`kx
Awfevmx 80,425 Rb Aevb KiwQj (gvU Awfevmxi kZKiv 33.43 fvM), mshy Avie AvwgivZ Ges
KyqZ h_vg kZKiv 25.76 fvM I 19.55 fvM| evnivBb kZKiv 4.45 fvM Ges wmvcyi kZKiv
4.01 fvM, hv 2010 mvj wecyj cwigvY ew cqQ| 2007 mvj mePq ewk jvK Mgb KiQ mshy
Avie AvwgivZ 169,898 Rb (kZKiv 52.39 fvM), Igvb 33,188 Rb (kZKiv 10.23 fvM), wmvcyi
32,176 Rb (kZKiv 9.92 fvM), evnivBb 18,753 Rb (kZKiv 5.78 fvM) Ges wjweqvZ 12,132 Rb
(kZKiv 3.74 fvM)| `k-wfwK Awfevmbi cwimsLvb wbPi mviwY-4 G `Lvbv njv|
mviwY-4 t `kwfwK evsjv`kx kwgK Mgbi cwimsLvb
`kmg~n
2005
2006
mw` Avie
80425
109513
mshy Avie AvwgivZ
61978
130204
KzqZ
47029
35775
KvZvi
2114
7691
Igvb
4827
8082
evnivBb
10716
16355
R`vb
9101
2822
wjweqv
972
104
my`vb
885
2380
hyivR
2793
1625
BUvwj
950
1426
wmvcyi
9651
20139
gvjqwkqv
2911
20469
`wY Kvwiqv
223
992
Abvb
5987
13215
megvU
240562
370792
m~ t Rbkw, Kgmsvb I cwkY eyiv, evsjv`k|
2007
204112
226392
4212
15130
17478
16433
494
1480
1726
972
10950
38324
273201
39
11354
822297
2008
107560
210377
11
14324
28152
9784
212
1857
126
257
4272
27651
58229
127
6448
469387
2009
14666
258348
10
11672
41704
28426
1691
22742
514
1253
5339
39581
12402
1474
26971
475278
2010
6232
169898
36
9861
33188
18753
1373
12132
13
157
5299
32176
725
2283
25732
324267
10
2.7 `kwfwK iwgUv AvniY t 2004-05 mvj evsjv`k mw` Avie _K mevP 1510.46 wgwjqb
gvwKb Wjvi iwgUv AvniY Ki, hv gvMZ ew cq 2010 mvj ùvwoqQ 3427.05 wgwjqb gvwKb
Wjvi (kZKiv 31.19 fvM)| 2005 mvj evsjv`k hyiv _K wZxq mevP cwigvY 557.31 wgwjqb
gvwKb Wjvi iwgUv AvniY Ki, hv 2010 mvj ùvwoqQ 1451.89 wgwjqb gvwKb Wjvi (kZKiv
13.21 fvM)| mshy Avie AvwgivZ nZ 2004-05 mvj 442.24 wgwjqb gvwKb Wjvi, KzqZ nZ
406.80 wgwjqb gvwKb Wjvi Ges hyivR nZ 375.77 wgwjqb gvwKb Wjvi iwgUv Avm, hv 2010
mvj ùvwoqQ h_vg 1890.31 wgwjqb gvwKb Wjvi (kZKiv 17.20 fvM), KzqZ 1019.18 wgwjqb
gvwKb Wjvi (kZKiv 9.28 fvM) Ges hyivR 827.51 wgwjqb gvwKb Wjvi (kZKiv 7.53 fvM)|
`kwfwK iwgUv AvniYi cwimsLvb wbgi mviwY-5 G `Lvbv njv|
mviwY-5 t `kwfwK iwgUv AvniYi cwimsLvb
`kmg~n
2004-05
mw` Avie
1510.46
mshy Avie AvwgivZ
442.24
KzqZ
406.80
KvZvi
136.41
Igvb
131.32
evnivBb
67.18
wjweqv
0.27
Bivb
0.52
Dc-gvU t DcmvMixq Aj
2695.20
hyivR
375.77
BZvwj
41.38
Rvgvbx
10.10
Dc-gvU t BDivcxq BDwbqb
427.25
wmvcyi
47.69
gvjqwkqv
25.51
Rvcvb
15.99
Dc-gvU t Gwkqv cvwmwdK Aj
89.19
hyiv
557.31
Abvb
79.34
megvU t
3848.29
m~ t e`wkK gy`v bxwZ wefvM, evsjv`k evsK|
2005-06
1696.96
561.44
494.39
175.64
165.25
67.33
0.18
1.87
3163.06
555.71
82.98
11.90
650.59
64.84
20.82
9.41
95.07
760.69
132.47
4801.88
2006-07
1734.70
804.84
680.70
233.17
196.47
79.96
2.61
2.36
3734.81
886.90
149.65
14.91
1051.46
80.24
11.84
10.17
102.25
930.33
159.62
5978.47
2007-08
2324.23
1135.14
863.73
289.79
220.64
138.20
0.36
3.24
4975.33
896.13
214.46
26.87
1137.46
130.11
92.44
16.29
238.84
1380.08
183.07
7914.78
(wgwjqb gvwKb Wjvi)

2008-09
2009-10
2859.09
3427.05
1754.92
1890.31
970.75
1019.18
343.36
360.91
290.06
349.08
157.43
170.14
1.25
1.46
3.28
4.49
6380.14
7222.62
789.65
827.51
186.90
182.19
19.32
16.50
995.87
1026.20
165.13
193.46
282.22
587.09
14.12
14.74
461.47
795.29
1575.22
1451.89
276.56
491.40
9689.26
10987.40
iwgUv AvniY evsKmg~ni Ae`vb I MnxZe c`cmg~n

2.8 iwgUv AvniY evsKmg~ni McwfwK Ae`vb
evsjv`k KvhiZ evwYwRK evsKjv weki wewfb `k _K cwZwbqZ iwgUv msMn Ki `ki
A_bwZK Dbqb wekl Ae`vb ivLQ| cevmxì iwgUv ciYi ea Pvbjjvi ga evsK
AbZg| iwgUv AvniY emiKvwi evsKmg~ni Ae`vb mePq ewk| emiKvwi evsKmg~n 2005 mvj
2354.10 wgwjqb gvwKb Wjvi iwgUv AvniY Ki, hv D mgq cv gvU iwgUvi kZKiv 49.02
fvM, ivvq evwYwRK evsKmg~n kZKiv 45.78 fvM Ges e`wkK evwYwRK evsKmg~n kZKiv 4.28
11
fvM| cieZxZ iwgUv AvniY emiKvwi evsKmg~ni Kvhg eY ew cvIqvq 2010 mvj
emiKvwi evsKmg~ni AvnwiZ gvU iwgUvi cwigvY ùvovq 7617.22 wgwjqb gvwKb Wjvi, hv AvjvP
mgq cv megvU iwgUvi kZKiv 69.33 fvM| D mgq ivvq evsKmg~n KZK mvwjZ
iwgUvi cwigvY ùvovq 3047.70 wgwjqb gvwKb Wjvi ev kZKiv 27.74 fvM| weMZ cuvP eQii
cwimsLvb chvjvPbv Kij `Lv hvq h, emiKvwi evwYwRK evsKmg~n KZK DbZZi iwgUv mev
c`vbi gvag iwgUv AvniY Zvì Ae`vb gvMZfve ew cjI iwgUv AvniY ivvq
evwYwRK evsKmg~ni Ae`vb Zzjbvg~jKfve nvm cqQ|*11 we`kx evwYwRK evsKmg~n KZK 2010
mvj iwgUv AvniYi cwigvY wQj kZKiv gv 1.92 fvM| evsKmg~ni McwfwK iwgUv AvniY
Kvhg wbi mviwY-6 G `Lvbv njv|
mviwY-6 t iwgUv AvniY evsKmg~ni McwfwK f~wgKv
evsK-Mc
ivvq evwYwRK evsKmg~n
2005-06
2198.47
2006-07
2320.40
2007-08
2635.85
2008-09
2891.82
emiKvwi evwYwRK evsKmg~n
2354.10
3408.90
5004.23
6509.02
weklvwqZ evwYwRK
evsKmg~n
we`kx evsKmg~n
44.02
72.49
91.86
101.99
205.28
176.66
182.83
186.41
7914.77
9689.24
megvU
4801.87
5978.45
Drm t e`wkK gy`v bxwZ wefvM, evsjv`k evsK|
(wgwjqb gvwKb Wjvi)

2009-10
2010-11
3047.70
1544.05
(27.74)
7617.22
3815.92
(69.33)
111.91
54.19
(1.02)
210.60
136.41
(1.92)
10987.43
5550.57
2.9 iwgUv AvniY evwYwRK evsKi c_K c_K Ae`vb

2005 mvj mvbvjx evsK 1220.44 wgwjqb gvwKb Wjvi AvniY Ki hv wQj gvU iwgUvi kZKiv
25.42 fvM Ges iwgUv AvniYKvix evsKmg~ni kxl| 2010 mvj mvbvjx evsKi iwgUv AvniYi
cwigvY ùvovq 1299.64 wgwjqb gvwKb Wjvi, hv gvU iwgUvi kZKiv 11.83 fvM| 2005 mvj
Bmjvgx evsK evsjv`k wjwgUW 683.78 wgwjqb gvwKb Wjvi ev gvU iwgUvi kZKiv 14.24 fvM
iwgUv AvniY Ki mKj evsKi ga wZxq Aevb wQj| Ze, iwgUv AvniY DbZZi mev c`vb,
we`k DjLhvM msLK evsK KgKZv wbqvM Ges AvaywbK evwKs bUIqvKi gvag 2010 mvj
Bmjvgx evsK evsjv`k wjwgUWi iwgUv AvniYi GKK eng evsK wnme AvZcKvk Ki
Ges iwgUv mvjbi cwigvY ùvovq 2339.03 wgwjqb gvwKb Wjvi, hv gvU iwgUvi kZKiv 26.70
fvM| G mgq AviI KqKwU emiKvwi evsK hgb- evK evsK, cvBg evsK Ges bvkbvj evsK BZvw`
iwgUv AvniYi gvMZ Rvivjv fwgKv cvjb KiQ| Div evsK wjwgUW 2005 mvj
*11 Ze ivvq evsKjvi msMnxZ iwgUvi cewi nvi Zvì wbR^ AwRZ `xN gqvw` avivi weePbvq gvUvgywU wwZkxj| ZvQvov, 1990 _K 2002 mvj ch mgq
emiKvwi evsKi msLv AbK eo hvq dj Zvì mwwjZ iwgUv msMni AvqZb (cwigvY) ^vfvweKfveB AbK ewk nvi eoQ|
12
418.19 wgwjqb gvwKb Wjvi ev kZKiv 8.71 fvM iwgUv AvniY Ki| 2010 mvj Div evsKi
iwgUvi cwigvY eo ùvovq 645.69 wgwjqb gvwKb Wjvi kZKiv 5.88 fvM| ivvq evsKmg~ni
ga 2005 mvj AMYx evsK wZxq Aevb wQj, Gi iwgUvi cwigvY wQj 535.66 wgwjqb gvwKb
Wjvi ev kZKiv 11.16 fvM| 2010 mvj AMYx evsKi iwgUv eo ùvovq 938.85 wgwjqb gvwKb
Wjvi ev kZKiv 8.54 fvM| 2005 mvj RbZv evsK 360.47 wgwjqb gvwKb Wjvi ev kZKiv 7.51 fvM
iwgUv ARb Ki, hv 2010 mvj 703.70 wgwjqb ev kZKiv 6.40 fvM ùvovq| evsKwfwK iwgUv
AvniYi cwimsLvb wbi mviwY-7 G `Lvbv njv|
mviwY-7 t evsK-wfwK iwgUv AvniYi Kvhavivi cwimsLvb (2005-6 _K 2010-11 ch) (wgwjqb gvwKb Wjvi)
evsKi bvg
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
mvbvjx evsK wjt
1220.44
1197.20
1317.82
1263.27
RbZv evsK wjt
535.66
595387
726.11
784.64
AMYx evsK wjt
360.47
440.01
491.60
739.19
icvjx evsK wjt

ivvq evsKmg~n
81.90
2198.47
87.32
2320.40
100.32
2635.85
104.71
2891.82
evsjv`k Kwl evsK

ewmK evsK
weklvwqZ evsKmg~n
43.62
0.40
44.02
71.93
0.59
72.49
91.59
0.27
91.86
101.82
0.17
101.99
Avj-Avivdvn&
Gwe evsK wjt
3.02
56.94
4.30
79.17
2.47
118.77
4.65
245.58
wewmweGj
evsK Gwkqv
evK evsK wjt
0.04
85.24
70.09
0.10
85.87
207.49
0.09
119.89
400.36
0.16
146.71
558.17
XvKv evsK wjt

WvP-evsjv evsK wjt
BvY evsK wjt
Gwg evsK wjt
dv wmwKDwiwU evsK
AvBGdAvBwm evsK wjt
Bmjvgx evsK evsjv`k wjt
91.08
14.57
54.49
1.67
0.17
32.65
643.78
113..49
17.84
115.70
3.58
0.46
37.84
949.76
135.61
50.03
154.45
9.84
4.55
49.54
1636.14
121.08
77.99
153.39
16.25
4.46
56.50
2339.03
hgybv evsK wjt

gvKUvBj evsK
wgDPzqvj Uv evsK
bvkbvj evsK wjt
7.12
7.18
5.84
251.73
39.09
33.80
65.09
336.27
39.86
76.40
91.85
529.01
38.64
52.66
78.42
583.81
Gbwmwm evsK wjt

Iqvb evsK wjt
cvBg evsK wjt
38.52
5.66
80.39
85.46
4.37
175.84
140.78
2.92
238.33
186.52
6.03
267.06
c~evjx evsK wjt
210.55
286.42
377.71
468.86
kvn&Rvjvj Bmjvgx evsK

GmAvBweGj
mvD_B evsK
27.92
1.44
93.44
49.94
2.05
150.24
65.94
2.42
108.45
47.56
11.33
170.75
1299.64
(11.83)
938.85
(8.54)
703.70
(6.40)
105.51
3047.70
(27.74)
111.77
0.14
111.91
(1.02)
15.18
234.67
(2.14)
0.11
197.83
594.73
(5.44)
116.05
88.51
153.53
20.13
6.01
65.96
2933.83
(26.70)
27.78
48.90
80.71
685.12
(6.24)
186.63
8.17
301.56
(2.74)
481.85
(4.39)
40.02
7.42
261.39
(2.38)
2010-11
(wWmî)
617.71
526.49
354.01
45.84
1544.05
54.19
0.00
54.19
18.18
101.89
0.00
95.83
271.64
58.19
43.67
51.25
10.73
4.14
28.20
1509.36
10.49
28.01
35.14
361.47
90.12
4.27
132.55
227.52
13.89
9.30
166.73
13
vvW evsK
w` wmwU evsK
3.86
78.56
0.85
80.29
2.68
57.83
0.88
158.19
AvBwmwe BmjvwgK evsK

w` wcwgqvi evsK
w` Uv evsK
BDwmweGj
Div evsK wjt
25.52
0.77
7.18
36.49
418.19
16.30
5.97
17.49
50.34
393.54
10.36
21.48
60.64
36.32
459.50
7.68
20.33
94.77
49.66
541.90
2354.10
054
1.35
122.95
2.02
31.33
0.04
0.49
45.61
0.95
205.28
4801.87
3408.90
1.84
87.41
1.92
41.88
0.01
0.62
41.40
1.57
0.00
176.66
5978.45
5004.23
8.39
61.83
1.63
52.05
0.04
1.11
54.06
3.01
0.70
182.83
7914.77
6509.02
9.71
52.27
0.47
68.42
0.02
0.16
53.03
1.30
1.03
186.41
9689.24
cvBfU evwYwRK evsKmg~n

Kgvwkqvj evsK Ae wmjb
wmwUevsK Gb.G
nvwee evsK
GBPGmwewm
Gbwewc
evsK Avj-dvjvn&
vvW PvUvW evsK
U evsK Ae Bwqv
Iwi evsK
we`kx evsKmg~n
mKj evsK
11.37
207.87
(1.89)
7.18
19.68
119.28
50.06
645.69
(5.88)
7617.22
7.61
32.46
0.16
95.25
0.07
0.03
73.17
0.77
1.08
210.60
10987.43
9.80
126.89
3.44
11.89
54.60
33.50
303.23
3815.92
4.40
9.34
0.11
44.88
0.03
0.04
76.96
0.24
0.41
136.41
5550.57
m~ t e`wkK gy`v bxwZ wefvM, evsjv`k evsK|
2.10 iwgUvi eenvi fvM _K wewbqvM re-direct Kivi wbwg evsKmg~ni Ae`vb
cevmxì KvwRZ cwiZ A_i wmsnfvMB ay fvM-wejvm eq Kiv nq| Gi cavbZg KviY wnme aviYv
Kiv nq h, `k iwgUvi eenvi fvM _K wewbqvM vbvii Rb Zgb Kvb cK/ D`vM MnY
Kiv nqwb| G evcvi evsKmg~ni c` gZvgZi mvimsc wbg mviwY-8 G Zzj aiv njv|
mviwY-8t iwgUv wewbqvM mvjbi j evsKmg~n KZK MnxZ c`c
evsKi bvg
mvbvjx evsK
AMYx evsK
mvD_B evsK
cvBg evsK
Avj-Avivdvn& Bmjvgx
evsK
BDwmweGj
hgybv evsK
AvBGdAvBwm evsK
Gbwmwm evsK
AvBweweGj
BvY evsK
evsK KZK MnxZ c`c

Awbevmx AvgvbZ xg (GbAviwWGm) I cevmx Kgmsvb FY`vb cK bvg `ywU cK Pvjy AvQ|
eZgvb AMYx evsK mq cK bvg GKwU cK Pvjy AvQ| fwelZ cevmx evsjv`kxì mq xg
bvg GKwU cK PvjyKiYi welqwU cwqvaxb iqQ|
Kvb A_vqb cK bv _vKjI IqR Avbvim& cbkb mwfsm xg, Wvej ewbwdU xg, gvwmK mwfsm
xg, gvwmK Avq xg, iwgUv KvW bvg wewfb mq xg Pvjy AvQ|
Kvb A_vqb cK bv _vKjI KwUweDUix mwfsm xg, jvLcwZ xg, wgwjqwbqvi xg, GWyKkb xg,
gvjx ewbwdU wWcvwRU xg bvg wewfb mq xg Pvjy AvQ|
gy`vivev cevmx KjvY wWcvwRU cbkb xg bvg GKwU kvj ewbwdU xg Pvjy AvQ| fwelZ
iwgUv KvW, cevmxì Rb Mn wbgvY wewbqvM cK/xg PvjyKiYi cwiKbv iqQ|
wewfb mq xg hgb, BDwmwe gvw wgwjqwbqvi, BDwmwe gvwb gvwgvBRvi, BDwmwe Avwbs cvm, BDwmwe
wWwcGm cvm, IqR Avbvm e, BDGm Wjvi e, BDGm Wjvi wewbqvM e, BZvw` Pvjy AvQ|
Kvb A_vqb cK bv _vKjI wKQz mq xg hgb, gvjx mwfsm xg, jvLcwZ xg, wgwjqwbqvi xg,
KvwUcwZ wWcvwRU xg BZvw` Pvjy AvQ|
Kvb A_vqb cK bv _vKjI wKQz mq xg hgb, GbGdwmwW, BDGm Wjvi wewbqvM e, BDGm Wjvi
wcwgqvg e, IqR Avbvm WfjcgU e BZvw` Pvjy AvQ|
GKwU wekl wWwcGm xg hgb-IqR Avbvm Iqjdqvi wWcvwRU cbmb xg Pvjy AvQ|
gy`vivev GbAviwe mwfsm e (GgGbGmwe) Ges gy`vivev GbAviwe AUvcvbvi BbfgU xg
(GgGbBAvBGm) bvg `ywU cK/xg Qvjy AvQ|
^`k wewbqvM bvg cevmxì Rb GKwU xg Pvjy AvQ hvi gvag cevmxiv kqvi gvKU wewbqvM
KiZ cvi|
ge
Abvb AbK
evsKi
fwelZ
cevmx
evsjv`kxì
KjvYv_
wewfb A_vqb
cK/ xg
ceZb Kivi
cwiKbv
iqQ|
14
2.11 evsjv`k evsK/evwYwRK evsKmg~ni MnxZe c`cmg~n

evsKmg~ni ga cviwiK mnhvwMZv I AvthvMvhvM Aviv ew cqQ|
AwaK cwigvY cevmx evsjv`kx emevmiZ `kjvZ AewZ GP nvDm/Kvvbxmg~ni
mKj evsKi iwgUv WBs eev vcb Kiv nqQ Ges nQ| G evsjv`k evsKB g~jZ
AMYx fwgKv wnme Ae`vb iLQ|
ea Pvbj Z_v evsKi gvag iwgUv ciYi evcvi cevmxì DyKiYi Rb evsKjv
we`k evcK cPvi cPviYv PvjvQ| we`k evsjv`ki wgkb/msvmg~n G evcvi Rvivjv
c`c MnY KiZ cvi|
we`k _K wZ A_ ciYi Drmmg~n Ges `ki Afi G evcvi mnvqZvKvixìK
wPwZ Ki AvBbi AvIZvq wbq AvmZ ne| we`k evsjv`kx hviv w eemvi mv_ RwoZ
ZvìK mnRB wPwZ Kiv hvq-KviY Zviv cevmx evsjv`kx kwgKi mv_ mvewYK hvMvhvM
ivL ZvB ZvìK wKfve AvBbi AvIZvq wbq Avmv hvq m evcvi miKvwi D`vM cqvRb|
gvwb jvwis cwZiva AvBbK AviI kwkvjx Ges hyMvchvMx KiZ ne Ges Gi h_vh_ cqvM
wbwZ KiZ ne|
mKj cevmxì `k evsK GKvDUm _vKv evbxq| G Dcj we`kMvgxì cZKi Rb
we`k hvIqvi AvM b~bZg GKwU evsK GKvDU Kivi evaevaKZv Avivc Kiv hZ cvi| dj
`k ea Pvbj iwgUv cevn ew cve| weGgBwU evaZvg~jKfve we`kMvgxì evsK
wnmve Lyj hvIqvi evcvi c`c wbZ cvi|
Aea w c_vi wei MY mPZbZv evovbvi Rb `k-we`k evcK cPvi-cPviYv, ivW kv
BZvwì AvqvRb Kiv hZ cvi|
weBGdUxgb-Gi AvIZvq BGdUxgb-Gi gvag A_ vbvii KvhgK AviI Rvi`vi I
Uxgy Ki iwgUv Wwjfvix eev mnRZi Ges `ZZi KiZ ne|
AvtevsK iwgUv AbjvBb cgU wmg Pvjy Kiv hZ cvi|
IqR Avbvmì ea c_ cwiZ A_i GKwU wbw` mgq wekl wewbgq nvi c`vb Kivi
welqwU weePbv Ki `Lv hZ cvi, hv NbNb nvi cwieZbRwbZ SuywK nvmi gvag ZvìK
`k iwgUv ciY DrmvwnZ Kie| mKj evsK KZK we`k cevmx evsjv`kxìK Awfb
wewbgq nvi c`vbi eev KiZ ne- fviZxq K`xq evsKi f~wgKv G evcvi chvjvPbv Kiv
hZ cvi|
15
evsKmg~ni mv_ weK eev wnme wewfb GbwRI, gvevBj dvb Kvvbx, Byi Kvvbx,
WvK wefvM Ges Kzwiqvi mvwfm BZvw`K iwgUv ciY cwqvi m m Kiv hZ cvi|
cevmxì A_ mq Ges wewbqvM AvK Kivi Rb mq cPwjZ myì nvii Pq ewk my`
c`vb Kiv Ges AwaKZi jvfRbK bZzb bZzb z` I gvSvwi wewbqvM cK Abymvb KiZ ne|
iwgUv AvniY miKvwi cwZvbmg~ni fwgKv I MnxZe c`cmg~n
2.12 cevmxì cwiZ A_ `ki eKviZ nvm, `vwi` wegvPb, e`wkK gy`vi Atcevn ewmn RvZxq
A_bxwZZ iZc~Y Ae`vb ivLvq iwgUvi Atcevn Divi ewi Rb miKvi, evsjv`k evsK Ges
iwgUv AvniYi ea Pvbj Z_v evsKmg~ni ga GKwU mgw^Z cwiKbv I KgKkj _vKv evbxq|
K) Rbkw, Kgmsvb I cwkY eyiv (weGgBwU)-Gi f~wgKv

2.13 `ki Rbkw ivwb msv mvweK cwiKbv MnY I evevqbi j 1976 mvj Rbkw Dbqb
I mgvR KjvY gYvjqi Aaxb Rbkw, Kgmsvb I cwkY eyiv bvg GKwU c_K msvi mw Kiv
nq| Awfevmb I e`wkK Kgmsvbi mv_ `ki A_bwZK Dbqbi wbweo mK we`gvb _vKvq
Rbkw, Kgmsvb I cwkY eyiv AvRvwZK kgevRvi evsjv`kx bvMwiKì AskMnYi myhvM mwZ
m`v mP iqQ| wbivc` Awfevmb cwqvi gvag gvbmb Kgx ciYi Dci Rbkw, Kgmsvb I
cwkY eyiv AwaKZi iZ Avivc KiQ| G j Awfevmb eevK wWwRUvjvBR&W Kivmn bvbvwea
c`c MnY Kiv nqQ| hgb wWwRUvj cwZZ wdsMvi wcUmn we`kMvgx Kgxi hveZxq Z_ WvUveR Afy Ki ewnMgb
Qvoci mgq Rbkw, Kgmsvb I cwkY eyiv nZ Kgxì vU KvW c`vb Kiv nQ| Gi dj
Rvj wfmvq cZvwiZ nq we`k _K Kgx diZ Avmvi nvi cvq k~bi KvVvq bg GmQ|
Rbkw cwkY eyiv we`k MgbQz Kgxì Z_ m^wjZ WvUv evsK vcb KiQ| D WvUv evsK
we`k MgbQz h Kvb ew Rjv Kgmsvb I Rbkw Awdmi gvag wbewZ nZ cvi|
eKvi hyeKì ` RbkwZ icvi Ki we`k ciYi j `ki cwZwU Rjvq GKwU Ki
KvwiMwi cwkY K` vcbi j eZgvb cwiPvwjZ 38wU KvwiMwi cwkY Kì cvkvcvwk 35wU
bZzb KvwiMwi cwkY K` vcbi cK MnY Kiv nqQ| cKmg~n evevwqZ nj `ki gvbe
m` Dbqb, eKviZ `~ixKiY, `vwi` wegvPb I Av_-mvgvwRK LvZ DjLhvM fwgKv ivLe ej
Avkv Kiv hvq|
16
we`kx wbqvMKZvMYi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx mwVK Kgx `ZZg mgq ciYi eev MnY Kiv nQ Ges
AwaK msLK ` Kgx ciYi D`vM MnY Kiv nqQ| ` Kgx cZ Kivi j BZvgaB
miKvwi KvwiMwi cwkY K`mg~n ^-A_vqb eKvwjK cwkY Kvhg evevqb Kiv nQ|
bvix MnKgxì we`k Mgbi c~e 21 w`bi nvDR wKwcs cwkY Ges wfmv msv KvMRc
`~Zvevm KZK mZvqb evaZvg~jK Kiv nqQ| dj, bvix Kgxì Awfevmb wbivc` I wbwZ nqQ
Ges we`k bvix Kgx Mgbi nvi Divi ew cvQ|
Rbkw ivwb msv Kvhg ^QZv Avbqbi j miKvwi wbavwiZ wdmmg~n c-AWvi/ Pvjvb/
evsK WvdUi gvag jb`b evaZvg~jK Kiv nqQ|
we`kMvgx Kgxi wfmvmn Abvb KvMRc hvPvBqi Rb Rbkw, Kgmsvb I cwkY eyivi
AvIZvq `ki 42wU Rjvq AewZ Rjv, Kgmsvb I Rbkw AwdmK AwaKZi Zrci nIqvi Rb
wb`kbv c`vb Kiv nqQ| G Dcj Awdmmg~n wbqwgZ wjdjU I cywKv wewj Ki _vK|
cevmx KjvY I e`wkK Kgmsvb gYvjq Ges Rbkw, Kgmsvb I cwkY eyivi D`vM `ki
cwZwU Rjv ckvmK Kvhvjq cevmx KjvY kvLv vcb Kiv nqQ|
e`wkK Kgmsvbi bZzb bZzb kgevRvi Abymvb Kiv nQ| mB j cuvPwU DP chvqi
miKvwi cwZwbwa `j BDivc, AvwdKv I Awjqvi mvebvgq kgevRvimg~n mdi KiQ|
2.14 e`wkK Kgmsvb wbqvMi Rb wizwUs cviwgkb I ewnMgb wKqvi KwDUvii gvag `Z I
mnR mvw`Z nIqvq we`k jvK wbqvMi ^QZv, Revew`wnZv I mykLjv cwZwZ nqQ| Gi
dj cvmcvU RvwjqvwZi gvag Rvj wfmvq Kgx ciY, Kgxì cZviYv, ga^ZfvMxì ìvZ
AbKvsk iva Kiv me nqQ| Kgxì Z_ Ges wbqvMKZvi Z_ Rbkw eyivi K`xq WvUveR
msiwZ _vKvi dj KgxMY we`k Kvb aibi mgmvi myLxb nj Zv AwZ mnRB mbv Kiv Ges
cqvRbxq c`c MnY Kiv mnRZi nQ|
L) evsjv`k IfvimxR GgcqgU G mvwfmm wjwgUW (evqmj)-Gi f~wgKv

2.15 ^ mgq gvbmb Rbkw ivwb KiZ evqmj wbqvwRZ| we`kx mvwbZ wbqvMKZvMYi
Pvwn`v Abyhvqx `Z mgq mr I ` Rbkw ciYi eev Kivi Rb cwZvbwU mw Kiv nq| evsjv`k
nZ we`k Kgx ciYi evqmj wewfb gvag _K Rbkw ivwbi Pvwn`v msMn Kivi gvag
iZc~Y mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb Ki _vK, Za wbgvjv DjLhvM17
cyivZb wbqvMKZvi wbKU _K Rbkwi Pvwn`v msMn Kiv;

cyivZb wbqvMKZvi gvag bZzb wbqvMKZvi mvb jvf Kiv;
evsjv`k `~Zvevmi gvag Rbkw ivwbi Pvwn`v msMn Kiv;
evqmj KZK wbqvwRZ Kwgkb GRU-Gi gvag Pvwn`v msMn Kiv;
we`k wewfb wbqvMKvix cwZvbi wbKU evqmji cwiwPwZ Ges cPvi-cPviYv I wevcbi
gvag ZvìK evsjv`k _K webv LiP ev ^ LiP Rbkw Avg`vwbi Pvwn`v ciYi Rb
Dy Kiv nq|
GQvov, mve Rbkw Avg`vwbKviK wewfb `k mdi Kivi gvag Rbkw ivwbi Pvwn`v msMn Kiv nq
Ges cieZxZ miKvi I wewfb wbqvMKvix cwZvbi gvwjK ev KgKZvi mv_ hvMvhvM vcbi gvag
Rbkw ciY mcmvwiZ Kiv nq|
2.16 miKvi KZK MnxZe c`cmg~n

` Rbkw Mo Zvjv I we`k ciY Kivi Rb `kevcx KvwiMwi cwkY K`mn wewfb
cwkY BbwwUDU MVb Kiv Ges Dchy cwkYi eev Kiv|
weivRgvb kg evRvijv QvovI bZzb bZzb evRvi Avbymvbi gvag AwaK nvi Rbkw ciYi
D`vM MnY KiZ ne|
A` I ^` Rbej ivwb QvovI AwaK nvi ckvRxex Rbkw ciYi D`vM wbZ ne|
chv myhvM-myweav c`vbi gvag cevmxì Rb GmGgBmn wekl wekl wewbqvM Ges
GbAviwe wk GjvKv Mo Zvjv hZ cvi|
mevP iwgUv ciYKvixì wegvb eì wekl myweav c`vbi gvag DrmvwnZ Kiv hZ
cvi| evcKnvi Important Remitter of Bangladesh(IRB) mb` cevmx evsjv`kxì `qvi
eev MnY Kiv hZ cvi|
cevm msKUKvjxb mgq kwgKì `Z `k diZ Avbvi eev I chv wbivcv wbwZ Kiv|
M) evsjv`k Gmvwmqkb Ae BUvibvkbvj wizwUs GRx (evqiv)-Gi f~wgKv/Kvhg

2.17 miKvwi Abygv`bcv wizwUs GRx hviv Rbkw Dbqb I ivwbi mv_ RwoZ Zvì wbq 1984
mvj evqiv MwVZ nq| GwU evwYR I wki Gc ewW GdwewmwmAvB-Gi GKwU mnhvMx msNVb| eZgvb
18
evqiv-Gi m`m msLv 700 Gi Dci|*12 e`wkK Avq I Kgmsvb ewi evqiv gYvjqK
mnvqZv Ki Ges G mwKZ gYvjqi wewa-weavbmg~n h_vh_fve cvjb Ki _vK|
evqivi cavb cavb `vwqZ-KZemg~n wbg AvjvPbv Kiv njv we`k evsjv`kxì PvKzwii myhvM mwi Rb m`mmg~nK h_vh_ civgk c`vb I mnvqZv Kiv;
Rbkw ivwbi miKvi/ gYvjqi wewa-weavb I cwjwm mK wizwUs GRxjvK
mwVK mgq AewnZ Kiv Ges mPZbZv ew Kiv;
`ki ^v_ mgq mgq we`gvb kg AvBb I wewa-weavbmg~n cwieZb I cwieabi evcvi miKvi/
gYvjqK civgk c`vb;
we`k evsjv`kx wgkb/ `~Zvevmjvi mv_ hvMvhvMi gvag Kgmsvbi myhvM LuyR ei
Kiv;
Kgmsvbi mvebv AvQ Ggb `k wbRì cwZwbwa ciY Ges we`k _K AvMZ G msv
cwZwbwaì mv_ miKvii Dchy KZci hvMvhvM vcbi gvag we`kx wbqvMKvixK
AvK Kiv;
miKvii mnvqZvq evsjv`kx kwgKì KggZv I `Zv mwKZ cywKv/wjdjU cfwZ Qvwcq
we`k cPvi Kiv;
wewfb `ki kg AvBb/ wfmv cmwWDi BZvw` wewa-weavb msMn Ki Zv m`mì ga mgqgZv
wewj Kiv;
cevmxìK `k ewk ewk iwgUv ciY I wewbqvM Dy Kiv Ges Aea Pvbj iwgUv
ciY wbirmvwnZ Kiv;
we`k we`gvb kgevRvijv mmviYi cvkvcvwk bZyb bZzb evRvi Abymvb Ki e`wkK
Kgmsvb miKviK mnvqZv Kiv;
we`k cevmxì Kvb mgmv nj cwZwbwa ciYi gvag Zv mgvavbi h_vh_ Pv Kiv|
N) cevmx KjvY I e`wkK Kgmsvb gYvjqi f~wgKv/Kvhg
2.18 e`wkK KgmsvbK AwaKZi iZ c`vbi j evsjv`k miKvi 2001 mvji wWmî gvm
cevmx KjvY I e`wkK Kgmsvb gYvjq bvg Avjv`v GKwU gYvjq cwZv Ki| cevmx
evsjv`kxì KjvY wbwZ Kiv Ges e`wkK Kgmsvb ew Kiv G gYvjqi cavb Dk| iwgUv
cevn ew Kiv Ges cevmxì mgvb myhvM-myweav c`vb I Zvì mvweK KjvY wbwZKiY gYvjq
wbijm cPv Pvwjq hvQ| Rbkw Kgmsvb I cwkY eyiv G gYvjqi cavb BDwbU wnme KvR
Ki|
*12 Ministry of Expatriates & Welfare, Bangladesh.
19
e`wkK Avq ew I Kgmsvbi cevmx KjvY I e`wkK Kgmsvb gYvjq KZK MnxZ cavb
cavb c`cmg~n wbg DZ Kiv njv t
we`k evsjv`kx kwgKì mvweK KjvY wbwZ Kiv I Zvì AwaKvi msiY Kiv Ges
Kgmsvbi myhvM mwi Rb h_vh_ c`c MnY Kiv;
Rbkw ivwbi gvag iwgUv cevn ew I cevmxì evsjv`k wewbqvM Dy Kiv;
evsjv`k wizwUs GRxjvi wbeb I wbqYi eev Kiv;
we`k evsjv`kx wgkbmg~ni kg kvLvjvi ckvmwbK w`K `Lvbv Kiv;
IqR Avbvmì KjvY Znwej cwiPvjbv Kiv;
e`wkK Kgmsvbi Rb Dchy cwkYi gvag ` Rbkw Mo Zvjv|
2.19 G gYvjqi 2011-12 A_eQi evevwqZe c`cmg~n cevmxì IqvK cviwgU/wfmv c`vbi wWwRUvj cwZ ceZb Kiv;
e`wkK Kgmsvbi we`gvb AvBb/ wewa-weavb I cwjwmmg~n nvjbvMv` Kiv;
GKwU cevmx KjvY evsK vcb, hv BZvga mb nqQ;
we`k evsjv`kx wgkbjvi `Zv I Rbej ew Kiv;
h mg `k Kgmsvbi myhvM iqQ mjvZ WwjMU ciYi gvag KzUbwZK mK
vcb Kiv Ges evsjv`kxì Kgmsvbi Rb h_vh_ jwes Kiv;
weGgBwUi bZZ we`kx `~Zvevm/ nvB Kwgkbi gvag wWgv jUvi msMn Ki Pvwn`v Abyhvqx
Rbkw ivwbi Rb cqvRbxq c`c MnY Kiv;
AvMvgx wZbwU A_eQii ga Kgc 35wU cwkY K` I cuvPwU gwib UKbvjwR BbwwUDU
cwZv Kiv;
we`gvb kg evRvijv mmviYi cvkvcvwk bZyb bZzb evRvi LuyR ei Kiv|
evsKmg~ni iwgUv Wwjfvix wmgi Aev
2.20 iwgUv AvniY evsKmg~ni `k we`k bU-IqvK/ KgKv/ f~wgKvi weklY
iwgUv AvniY ew I Zivw^Z Kivi Rb ek wKQz evsK we`k Zvì cwZwbwa wbqvM KiQ| we`k
AevbiZ evsKi cwZwbwaiv evsjv`kx cevmxìK iwgUvi RvZxq I A_bwZK iZ, evsKi
gvag iwgUv ciYi myweav Ges `Z iwgUv ciY cwZ BZvw` welq mPZbZv ewi gvag
`kcg Dy KiQ| hme evsKi we`k cwZwbwa iqQ Zvì ZvwjKv mviwY-9 `Lvbv njv|
20
mviwY-9 t we`k cwZwbwa AvQ Ggb evsKi ZvwjKv

wgK
bs
01
02
evsKi bvg
mvbvjx evsK
AMYx evsK
03
04
05
cvBg evsK
wcwgqvi evsK
GbwmwmweGj
06
07
AvBweweGj
GbweGj
08
Gwg evsK
evsK KZK c` Di/ gZvgZ

mw` Avie 2Rb I KyqZ 1Rb cwZwbwa AvQ|
KvZvi 1 Rb, gvjqwkqvq 3 Rb I wmvcyi 3 Rbmn gvU 7 Rb cwZwbwa
wbqvwRZ AvQ|
mshy Avie AvwgivZ cvBg evsKi 2 Rb cwZwbwa AvQ|
2 Rb cwZwbwa wbqvM Kiv nqQ|
mshy Avie AvwgivZ 4 Rb, mw` Avie 1 Rb I Igvb 1 Rbmn gvU 6 Rb
cwZwbwa AvQ|
gacvPmn wewfb `k 15 Rb cwZwbwa wbqvM Kiv nqQ|
Igvb 13 Rb, wmvcyi 3 Rb, mshy Avie AvwgivZ 9 Rb, KvZvi 3 Rb,
gvjqwkqvq 7 Rb I mw` Avie 1 Rbmn gvU 36 Rb cwZwbwa AvQ|
hyivR 3 Rb I KvbvWvq 3 Rbmn gvU 6 Rb cwZwbwa AvQ|
ge
Abvb evsKi ga
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cwZwbwa bB| `yB/GKwU
evsK G mwKZ Kvb
Di `qwb|
2.21 weMZ cuvP eQii cwimsLvb chvjvPbv Kij `Lv hvq h, we`k cwZwbwa wbqvM Kivi gvag
evsKmg~ni iwgUv AvniY AMMwZ nqQ Ges evsKi iwgUvi cwigvYI DjLhvMfve ew
cqQ| D`vniYîc ejv hvq, 2005 mvj AvBweweGj-Gi AvnwiZ iwgUvi cwigvY wQj 643.78
wgwjqb gvwKb Wjvi, hv 2010 mvj 2933.83 wgwjqb gvwKb Wjvi DbxZ nq| G evcK ewi AbZg
KviY wQj we`k ewk msLK cwZwbwa wbqvM Kiv| wVK GKBfve `Lv hvq h, cevm ewk msLK
cwZwbwa wbqvM Kivq GbweGj Gi iwgUvi cwigvY wecyjfve ew cqQ| 2005 mvj GbweGj-Gi
iwgUv AvniYi cwigvY wQj 251.73 wgwjqb gvwKb Wjvi, hv 2010 mvj 685.12 wgwjqb gvwKb
Wjvi DbxZ nq| iwgUv AvniY cwqv mnR I `ZZi Kivi Rb h mKj evsKi we`k wbR^ kvLv
Ges GP nvDm iqQ Zvì ZvwjKv wbgi mviwY-10 G mwbewkZ Kiv njv|
mviwY-10 t we`k wbR^ kvLv Ges GP nvDm AvQ Ggb evsKi ZvwjKv
wgK bs
01
evsKi bvg
mvbvjx evsK
02
03
AMYx evsK
RbZv evsK
04
05
06
c~evjx evsK
AvBGdAvBwm evsK
GbweGj
07
08
09
dv wmwKDwiwU
Bmjvgx evsK
Gwg evsK
BvY evsK
10
11
12
Gwe evsK
evK evsK
evsK Avj-dvjvn&

fviZ 2wU kvLv, hyiv 1wU GP nvDR Ges hyivR evsjv`k
miKvi I mvbvjx evsK wjt-Gi h_ gvwjKvbvq 6wU kvLv iqQ|
wmvcyi 2wU I gvjqwkqvq 1wU, gvU 3wU GP nvDm AvQ|
mshy Avie AvwgivZ 4wU, AveyavexZ 4wU Ges BZvwjZ 1wUmn gvU 9wU
GP nvDR iqQ|
jb 1wU GP nvDR AvQ|
Igvb 1wU GP nvDR AvQ|
gvjqwkqvq 3wU, wmvcyi 1wU I Igvb 6wUmn gvU 10wU GP nvDR
AvQ||
KvbvWvq 1wU GP nvDR AvQ|
ge
Abvb evsKi we`k

Kvb GP nvDR bB
ej DjL KiQ|
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`yevBZ 4wU, Igvb 5wU, KyqZ 3wU, KvZvi 1wU, hyivR 3wU,
gvjqwkqvq 1wU, AveyavexZ 1wU I evnivBb 1wUmn gvU 19wU GP
nvDR AvQ|
fviZ 1wU GP nvDR AvQ|
mcwZ hyivR 1wU GP nvDR Dvab Kiv nqQ|
cvwKvb, AvdMvwbvb I evnivBb 1wU Ki gvU 3wU GP nvDm
AvQ|
21
2.22 iwgUv AvniY cwqv AwaKZi mnR I MwZkxj Kivi Rb evsKmg~n we`k wewfb evsK/
GP nvDR/gvwb Pvii mvnvh-mnhvwMZv MnY Ki _vK| G iKg hme evsKi we`k wewfb
evsK/ GP nvDm/ gvwb Pvii mv_ Kimc mK iqQ Zvì ZvwjKv wbg mviwY-11 G `qv
njv|
mviwY-11 t we`k wewfb evsK/GP nvDm/gvwb Pvii mv_ Kimc mK iqQ Zvi ZvwjKv
wgK
bs
01
mvbvjx evsK
02
RbZv evsK
03
AMYx evsK
04
05
icvjx evsK
cvBg evsK
06
Avj-Avivdvn&
Bmjvgx evsK
BDwmweGj
07
08
09
10
evsKi bvg
AvBwmwe
BmjvwgK evsK
w` wmwU evsK wjt
evsjv`k Kgvm
evsK wjt
11
12
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c~evjx evsK wjt
13
wcwgqvi evsK
14
Uv evsK wjt
15
WvP-evsjv evsK
16
XvKv evsK
17
vvW PvUvW
evsK
hgybv evsK wjt
18
19
20
21
AvBGdAvBwm
evsK
kvn&Rvjvj
Bmjvgx evsK
Gbwmwm evsK

mwÀvie 5wU, mshy Avie AvwgivZ 11wU, KzqZ 10wU, Igvb 5wU, evnivBb 5wU, KvZvi
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nvDmi m Kimc mK iqQ|
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KvZvi 4wU, wmvcyi 2wU, mshy Avie AvwgivZ 12wU, hyivR 1wU I hyiv 4wUmn gvU
52wU evsK/GP nvDmi m iwgUv WBs eev/ Kimc mK iqQ|
evnivBb 3wU, BZvwjZ 1wU, mwÀvie 4wU, KzqZ 9wU, gvjqwkqvq 4wU, Igvb 4wU, mshy
Avie AvwgivZ 11wU I KvZvi 2wUmn gvU 38wU GP nvDm AvQ| GQvov, 180wU `k AMYx
evsKi gvwbMvg myweav iqQ|
wewfb `k 23wU GP nvDmi m iwgUv WBs eev iqQ|
mshy Avie AvwgivZ 11wU, hyivR 5wU, mw` Avie 2wU, Igvb 3wU, KvZvi 1wU,
gvjqwkqvq 1wU, hyiv 2wU, BZvwjZ 2wU I wmvcyi 1wUmn gvU 28wU GP nvDm AvQ|
hyiv 2wU, hyivR 1wU, Awjqvq 1wUmn gvU 4wU GP nvDm Ges 20wU evsKi mv_
Kimc mK AvQ|
dv 1wU, KzqZ 1wU, Igvb 1wU, mshy Avie AvwgivZ 6wU, hyivR 4wU I KvZvi 1wUmn
gvU 14wU evsK/GP Kvvbxi mv_ Kimc mK AvQ|
hyiv 2wU, hyivR 1wU Ges nsKs I RvgvbxZ 1wU Ki gvU 5wU evsKi mv_ Kimc
mK AvQ| GQvov b, hyiv, Igvb, Aveyavex I KzqZ 1wU Ki GP nvDm AvQ|
evnivBb 1wU, KzqZ 3wU, Igvb 3wU, KvZvi 4wU mshy Avie AvwgivZ 5wU, hyivR 5wU,
hyiv 1wU I BZvwjZ 1wUmn gvU 23wU evsK/ GP Kvvbxi mv_ Kimc mK
AvQ|
20wU evsK I 1wU GP Kvvbxi mv_ Kimc mK AvQ|
fviZ 7wU, f~Uvb 1wU, Rvgvbx 2wU, hyiv 4wU, bcvj 1wU, Rvcvb 1wU, cvwKvb 2wU,
hyivR 1wUmn gvU 19wU evsKi Kimc mK AvQ| GQvov, hyiv, nsKs, gvjqwkqv
I Awjqvq 1wU Ki gvU 4wU GP Kvvbxi mv_ Kimc mK AvQ|
evnivBb 3wU, BZvwj 1wU, mw` Avie 3wU, KzqZ 8wU, Igvb 9wU, KvZvi 8wU, wmvcyi 2wU,
mshy Avie AvwgivZ 18wU Ges gvjqwkqvq 1wUmn gvU 53wU evsK/GP Kvvbxi mv_
Kimc mK AvQ|
hyiv 3wU, mshy Avie AvwgivZ 3wU, hyivR 1wU, KvZvi I gvjqwkqvq 1wU Ki gvU 9wU
evsK/GP Kvvbxi mv_ Kimc mK AvQ|
hyivR 6wU I mshy Avie AvwgivZ 1wUmn gvU 7wU evsK/ GP Kvvbxi mv_
Kimc mK AvQ|
gacvP, hyivR, hyiv, dv, ejwRqvg, Pvqbvmn weki 24wU `k 543wU evsK I 15wU
GP Kvvbxi mv_ WvP-evsjv evsKi Kimc mK AvQ|
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XvKv evsKi Kimc mK AvQ|
2wU GP nvDRi mv_ Kimc mK AvQ|
ge
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nvDR/gvwb Pvii mv_ Kimc mK AvQ|
hyivR, BZvwj I evnivBb 1wU Ki gvU 3wU GP Kvvbx/gvwb Pvii mv_ Kimc
mK AvQ|
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evnivBb I Rvcvb 1wU Ki gvU 19wU GP Kvvbxi mv_ Kimc mK AvQ|
22
22
evK evsK wjt
23
24
25
Kgvwkqvj evsK
Ae wmjb
evsK Avj-dvjvn&
AvBweweGj
26
GbweGj
27
Iqvb evsK wjt
28
29
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Bvb evsK wjt
30
Gwe evsK wjt
31
mvD_B evsK
32
evsjv`k Kwl
evsK
vvW evsK
wjt
gvKUvBj evsK
33
34
mshy Avie AvwgivZ 15wU, mw` Avie 1wU, KvZvi 1wU, evnivBb 3wU, Igvb 4wU, hyiv
5wU, hyivR 4wU, KyqZ 2wU, gvjqwkqvq 2wU, myBRvijv, KvbvWv I wmvcyi 1wU Ki gvU
40wU GP Kvvbxi mv_ Kimc mK AvQ|
KvZvi I KzqZ 1wU Ki gvU 2wU GP Kvvbxi mv_ Kimc mK AvQ|
mshy Avie AvwgivZ 2wU GP nvDmi mv_ Kimc mK AvQ|
KzqZ 10wU, mshy Avie AvwgivZ 14wU, mw` Avie 7wU, evnivBb 6wU, KvZvi 5wU, Igvb
7wU, hyiv 6wU, hyivR 7wU, gvjqwkqv 6wU, wmvcyi 3wU I ebvBZ 1wUmn gvU 72wU we`kx
evsK/GP Kvvbxi mv_ Kimc mK AvQ|
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hyivR 2wU, gvjqwkqv 2wU, BZvwjZ 2wU Ges wmvcyi, R`vb, KvbvWv, myBRvijv 1wU Ki
gvU 44 wU GP Kvvbx/evsKi mv_ Kimc mK AvQ|
hyivR, hyiv Ges mshy Avie AvwgivZ 1wU Ki GP Kvvbxi mv_ Kimc mK
AvQ|
mw` Avie, gvjqwkqv I hyiv 1wU Ki GP Kvvbxi mv_ Kimc mK AvQ|
`yevBZ 5wU, Igvb 5wU, KzqZ 3wU, evnivBb 2wU, hyivR 3wU I gvjqwkqvq 1wUmn gvU
19wU GP Kvvbxi mv_ Kimc mK AvQ|
mshy Avie AvwgivZ 5wU, Igvb 5wU, KvZvi 2wU, KzqZ 4wU, mw` Avie 1wU, gvjqwkqvq
1wU, Ges hyiv I hyivR 1wU Ki gvU 20wU GP Kvvbx/evsKi mv_ Kimc
mK AvQ|
hyiv 6wU, hyivR 10wU, mshy Avie AvwgivZ 4wU, mw` Avie 3wU, gvjqwkqvq 1wU,
wmvcyi 1wU, evnivBb 3wU, Igvb 2wU I KvbvWvq 1wUmn gvU 31wU GP Kvvbx/ evsKi
mv_ Kimc mK AvQ|
mshy Avie AvwgivZ 7wU, `yevBZ 2wU, KzqZ 4wU, evnivBb 2wU, KvZvi 2wU, mw` Avie 1wU
I Igvb 1wUmn gvU 19wU GP Kvvbxi mv_ Kimc mK AvQ|
hyiv 3wU, `yevBZ 1wU I Igvb 1wUmn gvU 5wU GP Kvvbxi mv_ Kimc mK
AvQ|
mshy Avie AvwgivZmn wewfb `k gvU 26wU GP nvDRi mv_ Kimc mK AvQ|
2.23 evsKmg~ni iwgUv Wwjfvix wmgi mgmv weklY

evsKjvi iwgUv Wwjfvix wmg weivRgvb mgmvmg~n Ges Zv mgvavbi evcvi evsKmg~ni
gZvgZi mvimsc wbg weeZ Kiv njv|
mgmvmg~n t `ki cZ Aj me evsKi weklZ emiKvwi evwYwRK evsKi kvLv bv _vKvq iwgUv
ciY wej^ nq|
mvbvjx, RbZv I AMYx evsKi gZ `kevcx AbK kvLvq weZ evsKmg~ni mv_ AbK
emiKvwi evwYwRK evsKi wUwU eev bv _vKvq myweavfvMxì nvZ h_vmgq iwgUv cuQvZ
Amyweav nq|
wnmvei bvg, bî, kvLvi bvg BZvw` fyji KviY iwgUv WwjfvixZ AbvKvwZ wej^ NU|
Mvgvj AewZ evwYwRK evsKmg~ni mv_ mUjgUi KviY AbK mgq 5/7 w`b `wi nq|
ZvQvov, ivvq evwYwRK evsKmn AwaKvsk cvBfU evsK iwgUv weZiY GwMgU mB KiZ
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wKQz evsK weklZ ivvq evsKmg~ni KvwiMwi/KwDUvi `Zv Kg _vKvq cZ Aj `Z
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2.24 iwgUv Wwjfvix wmg Dbqb MnxZe c`cmg~n

iwgUv `Z myweavfvMxi wbKU cuQvbvi Rb vbxq evsKmg~ni ga AvthvMvhvM I mnhvwMZv
Aviv Rvi`vi KiZ ne|
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cvi|
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evsKmg~ni bUIqvK eev Aviv kwkvjxKiYmn mejv evsK m~Y AvtevsK bUIqvKi
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iwgUv weZiY eevcbv Aviv mnRZi I `ZZi Kivi Rb ivvq evwYwRK evsKmg~nK QvU
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24
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2
cwievii (9%), cwie
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8wU cwievi (7
7%), wbR/cwiievii AwRZ bM`
A_i gvag 348wU
wU cwievi (122%) Ges Abvvb cv Aej^^bi gvag 108wU
1
cwievi (4%) we`k Mgb
LiP gUvZ
g
A_i ms
m vb KiQ| A_ msMnii mvweK wP mvviwY-12 I PvUU-2 G `Lvbvv nj|
mviwYY-12 t cevmxiv we`k hvIqvi cvvj wewfb Drm
D _K A_ msMni mvweK wP
wee
eeiY
Rw wew/eKi gva
Rwg
ag
cvwZvwbK/Ac
v
vwZvwb
wbK FYi gvag
Av
AvZxq-^
Rbi KvQ __K avi Kivi gvag
g
cevm
e AwRZ UvKv _
_K cwikvwaZ Pzwii gvag
cwwievii Kviv Mnbv wewi gvag
wbR
bR/cwievii AwRZ bM`
b A_i gvag
Ab cv Aej^bii gvag
Abvb
A_ MnYKvix cwievii msLv*

m
1244
321
1415
266
218
348
108
A_ Mn YKvixi kZKiv nvi

n
41
11
47
9
7
12
4
PvU-2 t cevmxiiv we`k hvIqvii cv vj wewfb Drm

D nZ A_ msM
sMni mvweK wP
1415
1244
321
266
3.3 evsK
e
GKvDU Lvjvi mvweK cwiwwZ
AvjvPP vwWi gvaag Abymvbbi Rb DjLhvM
L
AviK
KwU welq nj
jv cevmxiv evswKs
e
Pvbj
j A_
ciYYi wbR
R^ evsK wnmve,
wn
myweavfvMxi
wnmve A_ev Ab Kviv
K wnmve ee
envi Ki _vK
K wK-
348
218
108
PvU-3 t cevmxì
ev
e vsK GK
KvDU (msL vq)
e vsK
K
GKvDUU bvB
24%
%
we`k
hvIqvi c~e
hv
34%
we`k
hvIqvi ci
42%
bv Zvv ei Kiv| Ze, we`k Mgbi c~e A_ev

we`k
k AevbKvjxb
xb mgq cevmx
mxiv mvaviYZ evsK wnmve Lyj _vK| MelYvq
M
cv Z_ gZ, we
e`k
26
hvIqvi c~e 1004 Rb (34%), we`k hvIqvi ci 1273 Rb (42%) Ges 733 Rb (24%) cevmx
evsjv`kxi Kvb evsK GKvDU bvB| kZKiv 24 fvM cevmxi Kvb evsK wnmve bv _vKvi welqwU ixwZgZ
DMRbK Ges aviYv Kiv hvq h, evsK wnmvewenxb Gme cevmx UvKv ciYi Rb w RvZxq Aea
Pvbji mnvqZv wbq _vKZ cvi| cevmxì evsK GKvDUi mvweK wP mviwY-13 I PvU-3 G `Lvbv
nqQ|
mviwY-13 t cevmxì evsK GKvDU (msLvq)
weeiY
we`k hvIqvi c~e
we`k hvIqvi ci
evsK GKvDU bvB
GKvDU msLv
1004
1273
733
kZKiv nvi
34
42
24
3.4 `k iwgUv ciYi gvagmg~n weklY

evsjv`kx cevmxì iwgUv ciYi gvagmg~n weklY Ki `Lv hvq h, gvU cevmxi ga 2839 Rb
(98%) wewfb evsKi gvag, 113 Rb (3.75%) Kvb ewi gvag, 22 Rb (1%) WvK wefvMi
gvag, 39 Rb (1%) wi gvag Ges 7 Rb (0.25%) Abvb gvag iwgUv ciY Ki _vK|
cmZ DjL h, kZKiv 1 fvM cevmx mivmwi wi gvag UvKv ciY AevnZ iLQ| wewfb gvag
cevmxì iwgUv ciYi cv Z_ mviwY-14 I PvU-4 G `Lvbv njv|
mviwY-14 t wewfb gvag cevmxì iwgUv ciYi cv Z_
weeiY
cevmxi msLv
2839
113
22
39
7
evsKi gvag
ewi gvag
WvK wefvMi gvag
wi gvag
Abvb
2839
evsK
kZKiv nvi
94
3.75
1
1
0.25
PvU-4 t cevmxì UvKv cvVvbvi gvag (msLvq)
113
22
39
ew
WvK wefvM
Abvb
27
3.5 iwgUv myweavfvMx KZK cv A_ eenvii w`Kmg~n weklY

iwgUv nZ cv A_i wmsnfvMB cevmx cwievii m`miv wewfb aibi fvM eq Ki _vK| Rwic
KvRi Afy cwievijvi ga Lv` q 2265wU (75%), FY cwikva 1276wU (42%), wkvi Rb
1949wU (65%), wPwKrmvi Rb 1701wU (57%), weevn c`vb 1205wU (40%) Ges gvgjv/gvKgv
cwiPvjbvq 112wU (4%) cwievi Zvì cv iwgUv eq KiQ| DjL h, cwZwU cwievi GKB mv_
GKvwaK LvZI cv A_ eq Ki _vK| cmZ DjL gvU RwicKZ Lvbvi Z_ _K `Lv hvq h,
mvaviYZ gwjK Pvwn`v c~iY gvU A_i kZKiv cvq 90 fvMB Zviv eq Ki _vK| evsjv`kx cevmxì
myweavfvMx cwievieM KZK wewfb LvZ fvM eqi mvweK wP mviwY-15 I PvU-5 G `Lvbv njv|
mviwY-15 t evsjv`kx cevmxì myweavfvMx cwievimg~n KZK wewfb LvZ fvM eqi mvweK wP
cv iwgUv eenviKvixi kZKiv nvi*13
75
42
65
57
40
4
weeiY
Lv` q
FY cwikva
cwievii Kviv wkvi Rb
cwievii Kviv wPwKrmvi Rb
cwievii Kviv weq Dcj
gvgjv/gvKgv cwiPvjbvq
PvU-5 t cevmxi evsjv`k cwievi KZK wewfb LvZ fvM eq
2265
1949
1276
1701
1205
112
Lv`-Lvevi q
FY cwikva
cwievii Kviv
wkvi Rb
cwievii Kviv
wPwKrmvi Rb
cwievii Kviv weq

Dcj
gvgjv/gvKgv
cwiPvjbvq
3.6 iwgUv myweavfvMx KZK wewbqvMi Dk A_ eenvii mvgwMK weklY

G miRwgb Rwic cwiPvjbvi AvIZvq 3010wU myweavfvMx cwievii ga `Lv hvq h, Rwg/dvU q
1252wU (42%), mqc q 392wU (13%), evsK/Avw_K cwZvb mqx/gqvw` AvgvbZ I exgv MnY
638wU (21%), KvDK my` FY c`vb 20wU (1%), GKK-gvwjKvbv eemv cwiPvjbvq 371wU (12%),
h_ D`vM eemv cwiPvjbvq 74wU (2%), cwievii Ab m`mK we`k ciY 547wU (18%)
myweavfvMx cwievi cv iwgUv eenvi KiQ| GQvovI 1182wU (39%) cwievi Ni/evwo msvi ev
*13 cZKwU cwievi GKB mv_ GKvwaK LvZI cv A_ eq Ki _vK| dj Rwic cwiPvwjZ 3010wU cwievii Pq cv msLv ewk nq|
28
ZwiZ, 136wU (5%) cwievi Mvwo/gvUimvBKj q, 226wU (8%) cwievi g~jab evRvi wewbqvM
Ges 89wU (3%) cwievi `k cwievii Ab m`mi PvKzwii eevKiYi Rb A_ eq KiQ| D
weklY `Lv hvq h, kZKiv 42 fvM myweavfvMx cwievi Rwg ev dvU q Zvì cwiRb KZK AvnwiZ
KvwRZ A_ eenvi KiQ| welqwU miRwgb cwi`kb fvjvfve cwizU nqQ| evsjv`k cevmxi
myweavfvMx cwievi KZK cv iwgUvi wewfb LvZ eqi mvweK wP mviwY-16 Ges PvU-6 I PvU-7 G
`Lvbv nqQ|
mviwY-16 t evsjv`k cevmxi myweavfvMx cwievi KZK cv iwgUvi wewfb LvZ eqi mvweK wP
wewbqvMi kYxwebvm
Drcv`bkxj LvZ wewbqvM
Rwg/dvU q
mqc q
evsK/Avw_K cwZvb wi/gqvw` AvgvbZ I exgv MnY
KvDK my` FY c`vb
GKK-gvwjKvbv eemv cwiPvjbvq
h_ D`vM eemv cwiPvjbvq
cwievii Ab m`mK we`k ciY
Abyrcv`bkxj LvZ wewbqvM
Ni/evwo msvi ev ZwiZ
Mvwo/gvUimvBKj q
g~jab evRvi wewbqvM
`k cwievii Kviv PvKzwii eevi Rb
cv iwgUv eenviKvix cwievii msLv
eenviKvixi kZKiv nvi
1252
392
638
20
371
74
547
42
13
21
1
12
2
18
1182
136
226
89
39
5
8
3
PvU-6 t Drcv`bkxj LvZ wewbqvM

1252
392
638
74
20
Rwg/dvU q
mqc q
547
371
cwZvb gqvw` KvDK my` FY GKK-gvwjKvbv h_ D`vM

cwievii Ab
eemv cwiPvjbvq eemv cwiPvjbvq m`mK we`k
AvgvbZ I exgv
c`vb
ciY
MnY
PvU-7 t Abyrcv`bkxj LvZ wewbqvM

1182
136
226
Mvwo/gvUimvBKj q
g~jab evRvi wewbqvM
89
`k cwievii Kviv PvKzwii
eevi Rb
29
PZy_ Aavq
evsjv`k iwgUvi eenvi- fvM _K mq I wewbqvM icvii
(Re-direct towards Saving & Investment) Dcvq
eZgvb evsjv`k iwgUvi gvag cv A_ eenvii DjLhvM w`Kmg~ni weklY
4.1 Lv` q t iwgUv nZ AwRZ Avq myweavfvMx cwievii mvweK Rxebhvvi gvbvbqbi gvag
evsjv`ki `vwi` nvm iZc~Y f~wgKv cvjb Ki, hv G MelYvq Rvivjvfve cwijwZ nqQ|
cwievii m`miv Zvì `bw`b cqvRb Z_v gwjK Pvwn`v c~iY cv iwgUv ejvsk eq Ki
_vK| MelYvq eeZ gvU 3010wU cwievii ga kZKiv cvq 75 fvM cwievi (cZKwU cwievi GKB
mv_ GKvwaK LvZI cv A_ eq Ki _vK, dj Rwic cwiPvwjZ 3010wU cwievii Pq cv msLv
ewk nq|) Zvì cv iwgUv `bw`b fvM eq KiQ|
4.2 FY cwikva t `ki AwaKvsk cevmx we`k Mgbi cvvj cqvRbxq A_ wbR^ ev cwievii AwRZ
A_i viv msKzjvb bv nIqvq Zvì AvZxq-^Rbi wbKU _K avi I wewfb cvwZvwbK ev AcvwZvwbK
FY wbq we`k hvb| dj, Zvì AwRZ iwgUvi AwaKvsk eq nq Hme avi I FY cwikvai KvR|
mgxvq bqv gvU 3010wU cwievii ga iwgUvi gvag FY cwikvaKvixi msLv kZKiv cvq 42.4
fvM| ZvQvov, AbK cevmx wbR ev cwievii Rwg eK wKsev wew Ki we`k Mgb Kivq Zv diZ cZ
wKsev bZzb Rwg q Zvì AwRZ iwgUvi wmsnfvM eq Ki _vK, Gic cevmxi msLv kZKiv cvq
41.6 fvM| evwK UvKv iwgUv ciYKvix cevmx I iwgUv myweavfvMx cwievijv fvM-wejvm I
Abyrcv`bkxj LvZmn Abvb LvZ eq KiQ|
4.3 wkvi Rb t cevmx cwievii m`mì wkv MnYI iwgUvi fwgKv Ab^xKvh| MelYvq eeZ
gvU 3010wU cwievii ga kZKiv cvq 65 fvM cwievi Zvì m`mì wkvi Rb iwgUvi A_ eq
KiQ, hv AvcvZZ eq wnme aiv njI fwelr wewbqvM wnmeI weePbv Kiv hvq|
4.4 wPwKrmvi Rb t mgxvq cvIqv Z_ I Dcv chvjvPbvq `Lv hvq h, 3010wU cwievii ga
kZKiv cvq 57 fvM cevmx cwievi Zvì wPwKrmvi Rb cv iwgUv eq KiQ|
30
4.5 eemv cwiPvjbvi Rb t cvwievwiK Avq ewi Rb cevmx cwievii m`mMY cv iwgUv wewfb
eemv cwiPvjbvi KvR eenvi KiQ| MelYvq eeZ gvU 3010wU cwievii ga kZKiv cvq 12
fvM cwievi GKK-gvwjKvbv eemv cwiPvjbvq Ges kZKiv cvq 2 fvM cwievi h_ D`vM eemv cwiPvjbvq
wewbqvM KiQ| G aibi Kvhg AviI evcKwfwK Kivi Rb wewfb D`vM MnYi AeKvk iqQ|
4.6 mqi Rb t iwgUv eenvii mvweK ceYZvq `Lv hvq gvU 3010wU cwievii ga wewfb mq
cK hgb- evsK gqvw` AvgvbZ wnmve I exgvq kZKiv cvq 21.2 fvM Ges mqc iwgUv
eenviKvixi msLv kZKiv cvq 13 fvM|
4.7 wewbqvMi Rb t iwgUv myweavfvMxì wewbqvM ceYZv weklY Ki `Lv hvq h, Drcv`bkxj
LvZi Pq Abyrcv`bkxj LvZ iwgUv eenviKvixi msLv I gvv AcvKZ ewk| G MelYvq wPwZ
Drcv`bkxj LvZjvi ga GKK gvwjKvbv eemv, h_ gvwjKvbv eemv, cyuwRevRvi wewbqvM Ges
cwievii Ab m`mi `k wKsev we`k PvKzwii eevKiY iwgUv eenviKvix cwievii msLv
h_vg kZKiv cvq 12.33, 2.46, 7.5 I 21.13 fvM| Aciw`K, Abyrcv`bkxj LvZjv hgb- dvU
ev Rwg q, bZzbfve Ni-evwo msvi wKsev wbgvY, hvbevnb q Ges AbK my` FY c`vb iwgUv
eenviKvix cwievii msLv h_vg kZKiv cvq 41.6, 39.3, 4.5 Ges 0.7 fvM| iwgUvi eenvii
DjLhvM w`Kmg~ni mvweK wP mviwY-19 G `Lvbv njv|
mviwY-19 t iwgUvi eenvii DjLhvM w`Kmg~ni mvweK wP
wgK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
weeiY
Lv`-Lvevi q
FY cwikva
Rwg/dvU q
cwievii Kviv wkvi Rb
cwievii Kviv wPwKrmvi Rb
cwievii Ab m`mK we`k ciY
GKK-gvwjKvbv eemv cwiPvjbvq
cwievii Kviv weq Dcj
evsK/Avw_K cwZvb wi/gqvw` AvgvbZ I exgv MnY
mqc q
`k cwievii Kviv PvKzwii eevi Rb
h_ D`vM eemv cwiPvjbvq
g~jab evRvi wewbqvM
Mvwo/gvUimvBKj q
gvgjv/gvKgv cwiPvjbvq
KvDK my` FY c`vb
cv iwgUv eenviKvix
cwievii msLv*14
2265
1276
1182
1252
1949
1701
547
371
1205
638
392
89
74
226
136
112
20
eenviKvixi kZKiv nvi

75.25
42.39
39.27
41.59
64.75
56.51
18.17
12.33
40.03
21.20
13.02
2.96
2.46
7.51
4.52
3.72
0.66
*14 cZKwU cwievi GKB mv_ GKvwaK LvZI cv A_ eq Ki _vK| dj Rwic cwiPvwjZ 3010wU cwievii Pq cv msLv ewk nq|
31
fvM-wejvwmZv I Abyrcv`bkxj LvZ iwgUvi A_ eenvii gvv I Zvi cfve weklY

4.8 cevmxì cwiZ A_ RvZxq `wKvY _K `ki e`wkK FY cwikva, Avg`vwb eq wbevn I
e`wkK gy`vi wwZ ewZ wekl Ae`vb ivLjI `ki Afi cv iwgUvi AwaKvsk A_
myweavfvMx cwievii m`miv fvM-wejvmmn Abyrcv`bkxj LvZ eenvi Kivq GKw`K hgb Avg`vwb eq
ew cvQ, Abw`K gy`vxwZmn `kxq wk I wkcYi Dci bwZevPK cfve cwijwZ nQ| ZvQvov,
G A_ viv h-Z Rwg q Ki A_ev Ni-evwo wbgvYi dj `ki KwlRwg nvm cvIqvi dj Drcv`b
nvm cvQ, hv miKvii wfkb-2021 Gi AbZg j- 2012 mvji ga Lv` ^qsm~YZv ARbi
Aivq wnme weewPZ nQ|15
4.9 iwgUv AvniY I eenvii wefvMwfwK cheY (administrative division-wise) `Lv hvq h,
XvKv, PMvg I wmjU wefvMi cevmx I myweavfvMx cwievijv wecyj cwigvY Rwg I dvU q Ges
BgviZ wbgvY eq Kivq `ki wewbqvM civfve mvgvb f~wgKv ivLQ| 16 Gme KgKvi Rb
KwlRwg I Drcv`b nvm QvovI Gjvi iYveY I wbivcvi Rb we`yrmn Abvb mvwfmi cqvRb
nq| Abvb wefvMmn mKj wefvMi cevmx I Zvì myweavfvMx cwievijv iwgUvi A_ w`q cavbZ
fvM-wejvm, ewMZ wewbqvM (Ni-evwo msvi I Rwg q LiP) Ki _vK, hv cZfve Avgvì
A_bxwZZ Zgb Ae`vb ivL bv| eis G A_ hw` mivmwi Kvb Drcv`bkxj LvZ eenvi Kiv hvq, Zvnj
GKw`K hgb cwievijv ^vej^x I ^Qj nZ cvi, Abw`K `ki gvU Drcv`b ew I cY-èi
`vgi (price level of basic comodities) wwZkxj ivLvi cvkvcvwk Kgmsvb ewZI wekl Ae`vb
ivLZ cvi| G Dk wKQz mywbw` bxwZgvjvi cYqb I Zvi h_vh_ evevqbi gvag Drcv`bkxj LvZ
G A_ mivmwi wewbqvMi gvag 2021 mvji ga `kK GKwU gag Avqi `k cwiYZ Kivi j
ARb iwgUv hvZ fwgKv cvjb KiZ cvi m evcvi GLbB `w `qv cqvRb| cevmxmn GmKj
myweavfvMx cwievii m`mìK iwgUvi A_ Drcv`bkxj LvZ eenvi DyKiY miKvi Ges
K`xq evsKmn Abvb emiKvwi msv I mykxj mgvRi AMYx f~wgKv GKv cqvRb ej AbywgZ nq|
wb mgxvi Afy iwgUv myweavfvMx cwievimg~ni gZvgZ I weki wewfb `ki AwfZvi
AvjvK iwgUvi A_ wewfb mq cK I AfixY wewbqvM icvii j wKQz mywbw` Kkj
DjL Kiv nqQ|
15
www.boi.gov.bd/about-bangladesh/government-and-policies/government-vision-2021.
Jamaluddin Ahmed, Economics of Migrant Remittance: What Shapes and What Shakes, Samoyeke of Bangladesh Economic
Association (BEA), (2010) second part. P 659
16
32
Drcv`bkxj LvZ iwgUv eenvii mvebv I weeP w`Kmg~n (ways and means) weklY
4.10 evsjv`ki mq I wewbqvMi mvweK wP t evsjv`ki A_bxwZi mq-wewbqvM (savinginvestment) weklY Kij `Lv hvq h, RvZxq mqi Zzjbvq RvZxq wewbqvMi nvi AbK Kg, hv
`ki wewbqvM cwiwwZi bvRyK Aevi BwZ enb Ki| Gi g~j KviY, `k mqKvix I wewbqvMKvix
eweM wfb nIqv Ges wewbqvMi cwZK~j cwiek hgb- Rvjvbx mgmv, c~Y wbivcvi Afve, ivRbwZK
AwiZv, ivwb I Avg`vwbKZ cY-èi wkcgU axi MwZ, Achv AeKvVvgv eev BZvw`| ZvQvov,
bZzb eemvq D`vvì vbi Afve, miKvwi Abygv`b `xNm~wZv I `ybxwZ Ges Kvb wekl A_bwZK
Rvb (economic zone) ev wk Aj (industrial pole) mw Kiv BZvwì Afve| evweKc, `ki
A_bwZK cewK UKmB Kivi j Drcv`bkxj LvZ AwaKZi wewbqvM cqvRb weavq iwgUvi
A_ Drcv`bkxj LvZ eenvii gvag `ki cKZ wewbqvMi cwigvY ew Kiv DwPZ| G cwZ
Abyrcv`bkxj LvZi (Rwg q, BgviZ wbgvY BZvw`) Pq Drcv`bkxj LvZ Avq (rate of returns) ewi
wbqZv Ges wwZkxj I mnbxq gy`vxwZ eRvq ivLvi cqvRbxqZv iqQ|17
4.11 Drcv`bkxj LvZ iwgUv re-direct Kivi Dcvqmg~n

iwgUvi eenvi welqK `yRb wekli (Siri and Calderon 1996) gZ, iwgUv eenvii
Dcvqmg~nK wZbwU avivq fvM Kiv hvq| hgb- 1) cevmxi iwgUvi cevn ew Ges Zvi wbR `ki
evsK I Avw_K cwZvb wnmve Lvjvi gvag mq DyKiYi Dcvq, 2) iwgUv myweavfvMxì `k
wewfb evsK I Avw_K cwZvb mqx gbvfve MVb I wewfb wewbqvM DyKiYi Dcvq Ges 3) msMnxZ
iwgUvi gvag `ki AeKvVvgvMZ Dbqbg~jK KgKv wewbqvMi Dcvqmg~n| 18 G Dk
evsjv`k miKvi, K`xq evsK, evwYwRK evsK, Abvb emiKvwi msv I mykxj mgvR KZK `k
iwgUvi A_ Drcv`bkxj LvZ eenvii Rb DjLhvMw`Kmg~n wb Zzj aiv njv|
4.12 cevmx I Zvì myweavfvMx cwievieMi Rb MnxZe bxwZgvjv/Dcvqmg~n

evsjv`kmn weki Abvb `k iwgUvi A_ `ki wewfb evsK I Avw_K cwZvbi gvag wewbqvMi
j gqvw` AvgvbZ I e`wkK gy`vq AwfwnZ evsK wnmvei Dci AcvKZ ewk my` nvi c`vbi
cvkvcvwk G Avqi Dci Ki AeKvk we`gvb iLQ| evsjv`k miKvi I K`xq evsK cevmxì
17
M A Taslim, article on Remittances, Reserves and Investment in The Financial Express on December 21, 2010.
Dilip Ratha, Leveraging Remittances for development, Migration Policy Institute, (2007) p 7-8
18
www.ghana4all.com/Ghana/ACaseForRemittancePolicyInGhana/tabid/219/Default.aspx
33
iwgUv ciY, mq I wewbqvM weklfve mnhvwMZvi j 20 Gwcj 2011 ZvwiL cevmx KjvY
evsK Pvjy KiQ| evwYwRK evsK I Avw_K cwZvbmg~nK K`xq evsK Abyrcv`bkxj LvZ wewbqvM
wbirmvwnZ Kivi cvkvcvwk Drcv`bkxj LvZ wewbqvMi civgk w`q AvmQ| G cwqvK AviI eMevb
I mnRZi Kivi j cevmxì cevmx mb` ev cevmx I iwgUv myweavfvMxì iwgUv mb` `qv
hZ cvi| DjL, D mbì wfwZ Zvì wnmve RgvKZ iwgUvi Dci AwZwi Avw_K myweav
(AwZwi wcwgqvg, ewk my` BZvw`) c`vb Ges G Avqi Dci Ki AeKvkmn Abvb myweav c`vb mnRZi
ne| hgb- wdwjcvBb I cvwKvb cevmx I Zvì myweavfvMx cwieviì iwgUv mvwUwdKU c`vbi
gvag wewfb myweav c`vb Ki AvmQ|19
4.13 weki Abvb `ki bvq evsjv`kI cevmxiv Zvì AwRZ e`wkK gy`v mivmwi wbR `k
e`wkK gy`v iwgUv wnmvei (Foreign Currency Remittance Accounts-FCRAs) gvag mq
KiZ cvi| hgb- evsjv`k GbAviwe AvgvbZ wnmve Z_v- Non-resident Foreign Currency
Deposit (NFCD) Accounts, fviZ GbAviAvB AvgvbZ wnmve BZvw` DjLhvM| Gme wnmve
mqKZ A_i Dci AvRvwZK evRvii Pq AcvKZ ewk nvi my` (rate of interest) c`vb Kiv
nq| K`xq evsK wnmveavixi cqvRb Hme e`wkK gy`v cybtwe`k ciY evav c`vb Kibv
(repatriable)| A_vr, D A_ K`xq evsKi e`wkK gy`v cwewai AvIZvgy| GQvov, D wnmve
RgvKZ e`wkK gy`v vbxq evRvi Pjgvb wewbgq nvii mv_ AwZwi wcwgqvgmn Zv icvii myhvM
we`gvb iqQ| Dci, Gme wnmveavix Zvì RgvKZ e`wkK gy`v evwYwRK evsK I Avw_K cwZvbi
mg^q `bw`b wbjvg cwqvq wbavwiZ wewbgq nvi mivmwi Avg`vwbKviKì wbKU wew KiZ cvie|
wK, G wnmvei Amyweav njv `ki AwaKvsk cevmx I Zvì myweavfvMx m`miv A-wkwZ I AwkwZ
nIqvq ay wkwZ cevmxivB G myweav wbZ mg nq|20 Ze G mgmv `~ixKiY cevmx I Zvì cwievii
m`mì Avw_K wkv (financial education) c`vb Kiv cqvRb| G cm DjL, wdwjcvBb miKvi
hme `k wdwjwcbv cevmxi msLv ewk (hgb- nsKs I wmvcyi) mme `k Zvì we`kx
wgkb/`~Zvevmmg~ni (counseling) gvag mfv-mgveki AvqvRb Ki Avw_K wkv c`vb KiQ|
19
Azam, Farooq , Public Policies to Support International Migration in Pakistan and the Philippines, (2005) p 18
20
34
GQvov, Abvb `k AevbKvix wdwjwcbv cevmx I Zvì cwievii m`mì Avw_K wkv (financial
education) c`vbi Rb AwWI wfRyqvj eenvi Kiv nq|21
4.14 evsjv`k cevmx I Zvì myweavfvMxì Rb evRvi wZb aibi e cPwjZ AvQ| `k ea c_
iwgUv cevn ew I cevmx/Zvì myweavfvMxì mqx gbvfve Zwi Ges msMnxZ iwgUvi
Drcv`bkxj LvZ eenvi wbwZ KivB Gi j| Gjv njv 1) cuvP eQi gqvw` IqR Avbvm
WfjcgU e- cevmx Zvi wbR^ wnmve/ea Pvbj cwiZ iwgUvi wecixZ wbR bvg/Zvi
myweavfvMxi bvg GB e wKbZ cvi| gqv`c~wZ kl wbavwiZ 12% my` (UvKvq) cve Ges qKZ
ei gqv`c~wZi c~eI wew Kiv hve, m mgqi mv_ myì nvii (0%-12%) wfbZv iqQ Ges
G Avq Kigy| Dci, Kvb cevmx/Zvi myweavfvMxi bvg b~bZg 25000 UvKv g~jgvbi G e _vKv
Aevq D cevmx gZyeiY Kij Zvi bwgwb/cwievii ei g~jgvbi wfbZv Abymvi 30% _K mevP
50% ch wd gZy-SuywK-myweav (death-risk-benefit) c`vb Kiv ne| 2) wZb eQi gqvw` BDGm Wjvi
wcwgqvg e- cevmx Zvi wbR^ wnmve cwiZ iwgUvi wecixZ wbR bvg GB e wKbZ cvi|
gqv`c~wZ kl wbavwiZ 7.5% my` UvKvq/Wjvi cve Ges qKZ e gqv`c~wZi c~eI wew Kiv hve,
m mgqi mv_ myì nvii (0%-7.5%) wfbZv iqQ Ges G A_ cevmxi cqvRb cybtwe`k
ciY Kvb evav bB (repatriable)| Dci, Kvb cevmxi bvg 10000 Wjvii AwaK g~jgvbi e
_vKv Aevq gZyeiY Kij Zvi bwgwb/cwievii ei g~jgvbi wfbZv mvc 15% _K mevP 25%
ch wd gZy-SuywK-myweav (death-risk-benefit) c`vb Kiv ne| 3) wZb eQi gqvw` BDGm Wjvi
BbfgU e- cevmx Zvi wnmve cwiZ iwgUvi wecixZ wbR bvg GB e wKbZ cvi| gqv`c~wZ
kl wbavwiZ 6.5% my` UvKvq/Wjvi cve Ges qKZ ei gqv`c~wZi c~eI wew Kiv hve, m
mgqi mv_ myì nvii (0%-6.5%) wfbZv iqQ Ges G A_ cevmxi cqvRb cybtwe`k ciY Kvb
evav bB (repatriable)| G ei AbZg ewk nQ eavix Aa-eQiwfwK my` MnY KiZ cvi|
Dci, Kvb cevmxi bvg 1000000 Wjvi ev AwaK g~jgvbi e _vKj `ki wmAvBwc (C.I.P)
nIqvi Rb Ave`b KiZ cvie Ges wmAvBwc wbevwPZ nj miKvii c _K wmAvBwcì Rb c`
AbK myhvM-myweav cve|22 hvnvK, Dciv 3 aibi ei weqi cwigvY weklY Kij `Lv hvq
h, 2010 mvj gv 891.30 KvwU UvKv g~jgvbi cuvP eQi gqvw` IqR Avbvm WfjcgU e, 74.6
21
22
Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP).

www.bb.org.bd
35
KvwU UvKv g~jgvbi wZb eQi gqvw` BDGm Wjvi BbfgU e I 8.3 KvwU UvKv g~jgvbi wZb eQi
gqvw` BDGm Wjvi wcwgqvg e weq nqQ, hv gvU NSD instruments wewi gv kZKiv 8.41
fvM23, hv AwZ bMY| GZ eySv hvq h, cevmx evsjv`kxiv G RvZxq e wKbZ ZZUv AvMnx bq|
AZGe, D ejvK AvK Kivi Rb wewfb cvwaKvig~jK myweav `qvi welqwU fe `Lv hZ cvi|
KviY, hw` Awfevmx evsjv`kxiv `Lb h, host country assets-Gi wiUvb home country assetsGi Zzjbvq ewk, Zvnj Zviv Zvì mq host country assets-G wewbqvM Kie- `kxq e wewbqvM
KiZ DrmvwnZ ne bv|
4.15 `k AjwfwK Z_v BDwbqb, DcRjv ev Rjv wfwK Awfevmxì we`k Mgbi Kvb
WvUveR/ZvwjKv bv _vKvq miKvi `ki even development Kgm~wP wbwZ Kivi ^v_ G RvZxq
database Zwii Rb cqvRbxq D`vM MnY KiZ cvi| mivmwi hvMvhvM bîmn Awfevmxì ZvwjKv
_vKj miKvii wewfb msv wKsev emiKvwi msvmg~n mnRB cevmx I Zvì myweavfvMx m`mì
mq, wewbqvM I eemvq D`vMx nZ DyKiYg~jK cvMvgmn (motivational programs) wewfb chyw
I KkjMZ civgk c`vbi gvag ZvìK iwgUvi A_ mivmwi `k Drcv`bkxj LvZ eenvi
wekl f~wgKv ivLZ cvi| cevmx ev iwgUv myweavfvMx cwievii m`mì `k wewfb GmGgB
cKi mv_ mshvM vcbi Rb evsK I Avw_K cwZvb, miKvwi I emiKvwi cwZvbmg~n (GbwRI)
Dc`kg~jK Kgm~wP MnYi cvkvcvwk chyw I KkjMZ civgk Ges Avw_K wewbqvM mnhvwMZv c`vb
KiZ mg ne| hgb- wdwjcvBbi GbwRI UNLAD KABAYAN iwgUv myweavfvMx cwievii
m`mì `k mqx wnmve Lvjv, Pjgvb eemvq wewbqvM I bZzb eemv Pvjy Kivq DyKiYi
cvkvcvwk chyw I KkjMZ civgk Ges mnhvwMZv c`vb Ki AvmQ|24
4.16 evsjv`kx cevmxì `k/we`k mvsMVwbKfve Kvb cvUdg bv _vKvq miKvii wewfb c`c ev
bxwZgvjvq BwZevPK f~wgKv ivLZ cvibv| cevmxì mvsMVwbKfve kwkvjx cvUdg mwi j
miKvii cevmx KjvY I e`wkK Kgmsvb gYvjq cevmxì Rb wKQz DyKiYg~jK Kgm~wP
(motivational programs) MnY KiZ cvi| cevmxì BDwbqb `ki AeKvVvgvMZ cKmn Abvb
Dbqbg~jK Kvhg wewbqvM wekl f~wgKv ivLZ cvi| D`vniYîc ejv hvq, Nvbvq cevmxì msMVb
Hometown Associations (HTAs) `ki vbxq AeKvVvgvMZ Dbqb cKmg~n iwgUvi GKvsk
23
24
RvZxq mq Awaì, evsjv`k

36
A_vqb Ki _vK| gwKvZ vbxq AeKvVvgvMZ Dbqb cKi bvg Two For One| G cK
cevmxiv wbR GjvKvi Kvb AeKvVvgvMZ Dbqbg~jK cK 1 Wjvi wewbqvM Kij miKvi H cK wek
evsKi A_vqb _K wKsev gwKvb wdbvwqvj evsKi gvag 2 Wjvi wewbqvM Ki _vK|25
4.17 iwgUvi A_ Drcv`bkxj LvZ eenvii Dk `ki evwYwRK evsKmg~n cevmxì mwq
evsK wnmvei wecixZ cevmx/Zvi cwievii m`mì Pjgvb eemvq ev bZzb Kvb eemvq wewbqvMi
jvf-jvKmvb Askx`vwiZi wfwZ (profit-loss sharing) ev AcvKZ Kg my` FY c`vb KiZ
cvi| cevmx ev iwgUv myweavfvMx cwievii m`mì `k wewfb GmGgB cKi mv_ mshvM
vcbi j Dc`kg~jK Kgm~wP MnY Kivi cvkvcvwk FY c`vbmn chyw I KkjMZ civgk Ges
mnhvwMZv c`vb Ki `k cKZ wewbqvM evovZ wekl f~wgKv cvjb KiZ cvi| D`vniYîc ejv hvq,
evsjv`k cevmxì Rb wewfb myhvM-myweav m^wjZ `yB/wZbwU evsK Z_v- mvbvjx evsK wjwgUW
Awbevmx AvgvbZ wg (NRDS) I cevmx Kgmsvb FY cK (cevmxi cKZ wegvb fvovmn `k
Abvb PvR/wd c`vb FY) Ges Bmjvgx evsK evsjv`k wjwgUW NRB Entreprenuers Investment
Scheme (NEIS) mwZ Pvjy KiQ| Ze, AvjvP cKi mv_ we`k Mgbi LiP Ges we`k hvIqvi
cv_wgK chvq cvwievwiK LiPi Rb cevmxì FY c`vb Kiv nj Zvì g~jevb m` wewi cqvRb
coe bv| dj, Hme cwievii mvgvwRK wbivcv ew cve| D`vniYîc ejv hvq, B`vbwkqvi Bank
Rakyat Indonesia (BRI) wewfb mq wgi AvIZvq Micro Banking Division Lvjvi gvag
iwgUvi A_ msMnxZ Ki Mvg Aj wewbqvM KiQ| GQvov, iwgUv myweavfvMx cwievii m`mì
eemv cwiPvjbvqI A_vqb Ki _vK| c` A_ cieZxZ cevmx/myweavfvMxi wnmve cv iwgUv nZ
cwikva Kiv nq| Dci, cevmxì we`k Mgbi cvvjI (wfmv cvIqvi ci) FY c`vb KiQ|26
cevmxì cwievieMK hw` evsKjv GmGgBi AvIZvq wbq Avm Zvnj eZgvb evsjv`k evsK KZK
financial inclusion Gi KfviR ewi Rb h evcK WvBf `qv nQ Zv AviI eMevb ne|
4.18 cZveZbKvix cevmxì Rb MnxZe bxwZgvjv/myweavmg~n

weki wewfb `k cZveZbKvix cevmxìK mvweK mnhvwMZv c`vbi Dk wewfb cwkY I
DyKiYg~jK Kgm~wP (motivational programs) cvjb Ki _vK| e`wkK AwfZv I AwRZ iwgUv
cZveZbKvix cevmxìK myweavRbK cK wewbqvM I eemvq D`vMx nZ mvnvh Ki| Ze, hviv
25
26
37
cybivq we`k hZ BQzK, ZvìK DbZ cwkY `vbi gvag DP gRywimb PvKzwi wbq we`k Mgb
mvnvh Ki| iwgUvi A_ Drcv`bkxj LvZ eenvi evwYwRK evsKmg~n cZveZbKvix cevmxì
Pjgvb eemvq ev bZzb Kvb eemvq wewbqvM Ges `k wewfb GmGgB cKi mv_ mshvM vcbi
j Dc`kg~jK Kgm~wP MnY Kivi cvkvcvwk AcvKZ Kg my` FY c`vb KiZ cvi| G cm
DjL h, wdwjcvBb cZveZbKvix cevmxì Rb kg I Kgmsvb Awaì I IfviwmR IqvKvm
Iqjdqvi GvWwgwbkb (OWWA) Ges wdwjcvBbm& IfviwmR GgcqgU Iqjdqvi
GvWwgwbkb (POEA) Gic wewfb Kgm~wP cvjb Ki _vK|27
4.19 cevmxiv Zvì AwRZ mgy`q A_ `k AevbiZ cwievii LiPi cqvRb ciY Ki _vK| chv
e`wkK gy`v bv _vKvq we`k nVvr Amy nj ev `yNUbvq coj wPwKrmv LiP, Kvb KviYekZ (hgbgacvP ivRbwZK AwwZkxjZv) wbR `k nVvr cZveZbKvj hvZvqvZ LiP (wegvb fvov) BZvwì
KviY cevmxì wewfb SuywKi myLxb nZ nq| cevmxì AvjvP mgmvi mgvavbi gvag mvgvwRK
wbivcv ewi j GKwU e`wkK gy`v cevmx exgv (Expatriat Insurance Policy in Foreign
Currency) cK Pvjy Kiv hZ cvi| G cK cevmx we`k hvIqvi c~e GKwU exgv cwjwm MnY Kie
Ges wbw` mgq Ai AwRZ iwgUvi GKvsk (e`wkK gy`v) exgv cwjwmi wcwgqvg wnme Rgv Kie|
G cm DjL h, cevmxìK we`k Aevbi mgq mvweK mnhvwMZvi Dk miKvwifveI GKwU
dv MVb Kiv Kiv hZ cvi| D dvi Rb we`k hvIqvi cvvj cevmxì wbKU _K wbw`
cwigvY UvKv Rgv bqv hZ cvi| D`vniYîc ejv hvq h, cvwKvb miKvi IfviwmR cvwKvbm
dvDkb (OPF) Ges wdwjcvBb miKvi IfviwmR IqvKvm Iqjdqvi GvWwgwbkb (OWWA)-Gi
gvag Iqjdqvi dvi Rb cevmxì wbKU _K wbw` cwigvY A_ Rgv MnY Ki _vK| 28
Aciw`K, cZveZbKvix cevmxì `k chv UvKv bv _vKvq cybtcevmx nZ A_ev bZzb Kvb wewbqvM
cK D`vM MnY Avw_K mgmvq coZ nq| G Dk cevmxì Rb UvKvq AwfwnZ cevmx exgv
(Expatriat Insurance Policy in Taka) cK Pvjy Kiv hZ cvi| G cK cevmx we`k Mgbi c~e
GKwU exgv cwjwm MnY Kie Ges wbw` mgq Ai AwRZ iwgUvi GKvsk (UvKvq) exgv cwjwmi
wcwgqvg wnme Rgv Kie| G D`vM MnY Kij GKw`K exgv Kvvwbmg~ni gvag `k long term
savings-Gi gvag wewbqvMhvM A_ Avme, Aciw`K cevmxiv I Zvì cwievieM wewfb AcZvwkZ
cwiwwZi gvKvejv Kivi Rb GKUv Dcvq cve|
27
28
Azam, Farooq , Public Policies to Support International Migration in Pakistan and the Philippines, (2005) p 18
Azam, Farooq, Public Policies to Support International Migration in Pakistan and the Philippines, (2005) p 15
38
4.20 vqxfve we`k AevbKvix cevmx evsjv`kxì Rb bxwZgvjv/myweavmg~n

hmKj cevmx we`k vqxfve emevm KiQ, wK wbR `k cwievii Abvb m`mì mv_ hvMvhvM
iv KiQ (diaspora) mme cevmxiv we`k msMwVZ nq wbR `ki wewfb miKvwi/emiKvwi msv I
msMVbi mv_ m _K `ki Dbqbi Rb KvR KiZ cvi| GgbwK, eRvwZK msvi
(multinational organizations) mnhvwMZv wbq `ki AeKvVvgvMZ Dbqb cK wewbqvMmn `k
ivwb ewZ, DbZ `k _K Kg hcvwZ g~jab Avg`vwbZ Ges we`kx D`vvì `k mivmwi
wewbqvM (GdwWAvB) mnhvwMZv KiZ cvi| GQvov, we`k cPzi cwigvY `/A` kwgKi Kgmsvb
mwZI KvR KiZ cvi| Dci, hmKj cevmx (diaspora) wbR ckvq ` I ^bvgab, Zviv wbR
`ki ` I Avav-` ckvRxexì AviI DbZ cwkYi gvag `Zv ewZ mnvqZv KiZ cvi| G
aibi D`vniY weki wewfb `k iqQ; hgb- Pxb Zvi PvBwbR Diaspora-ì gvag we`k cPzi
PvKzwii eev KiQ Ges ivwb ewZ mnvqZv KiQ| fviZxq md&UIqvi wki Drcvw`Z cY
hyivi evRvi ivwb ew I m `k fviZxqì PvKzwii eevKiY Diaspora-ì wekl f~wgKv
iqQ|29
4.21 hmKj cevmx DbZ wek vqxfve emevm KiQ `ki evwYwRK evsK I Avw_K cwZvbmg~n Hme
`ki evsK I Avw_K cwZvbi mv_ h_ D`vM we`k AvZKgmsvbg~jK KgKv I wewfb eemvq
RwoZ Zvì eemvi cmvi ev bZzb Kvb D`vM FY c`vb KiZ cvi| hvi dj, cevmxì Avq ewi
mv_ mv_ Zvì gvag `ki ivwbi cwigvYI evovbv me| G cwqvq `ki iwgUv cevn ewi
cvkvcvwk cKZ wewbqvMI ew cve ej Avkv Kiv hvq|30
4.22 G aibi wbqg-Kvbyb Kiv hvq h, h mKj cevmx ev iwgUv myweavfvMx ew wbR `k mivmwi
wewbqvM Kie Zvì wbw` eQi ch AvqKi c`vb KiZ nebv Ges iwgUvi Dci Kvb cKvi
Kivivc Kiv nebv| GQvov, we`k vqxfve emevmKvix Diaspora-ì mivmwi e`wkK
wewbqvMi (FDI) mKj myweav c`vb Kiv nq| gvv miKvii bvq G aibi wewbqvM myweav evsjv`kI
we`gvb iqQ| Dci, gvv miKvi mivmwi wewbqvMKvix cevmxK ev cevmxi iwgUv myweavfvMxK
29
John Page and Sonia Plaza Migration Remittances and Development : A Review of Global Evidence, (2005), p 24-26;
Jeff Dayton-Johnson , Antje Pfeiffer, Kirsten Schuettler & Johanna Schwinn, Migration and Employment, (2009)p156
30
John Page and Sonia Plaza, Migration Remittances and Development : A Review of Global Evidence, (2005) p 23
39
wewbqvM vb hvZvqvZi Rb Mvwo myweav, ^v-exgv myweav, Zvì mvbì wkv eq c`vbmn wewbqvM
wbw` cwigvY fZywKi eev iLQ| 31 evsjv`k miKvi KZK Gme Dcvqmg~n/bxwZgvjv cYqb I
evevqbi gvag iwgUvi cevn ew Kiv me| mBmv_ iwgUvi A_ AcqvRbxq I fvM-wejvm
mvgMxZ eenvi nvmi gvag mivmwi wewbqvM icvii wekl f~wgKv ivLvi D`vMI bqv hZ
cvi|
4.23 evsjv`ki AjwfwK mylg Dbqb KgKv iwgUv ciYKvixìK mKiY

`k iwgUvi cevn ew I Drcv`bkxj LvZ h_vh_ eenvii j cevmx I iwgUv myweavfvMxì
Rb miKvwi D`vM cwZwU wefvM wekl A_bwZK Rvb (economic zone) ev wk Aj (industrial
pole) cwZv Kiv cqvRb| G aibi A_bwZK Rvb/wk Aj cevmx evsjv`kxiv GKKfve ev
McwfwK A_ev `kx/we`kx D`vvì mv_ h_fve wewbqvM Ki `ki A_bwZK cew I
Kgmsvb wekl f~wgKv ivLZ cvi| GQvov, hme wefvM wekl Ki Divj we`k kwgK wbqvM
GRx (reqruiting agency) I kwgKì `Zv ewi Rb cwkY K` (training center) bvB mme
Aj cv iwgUv viv miKvwi ev emiKvwifve (cevmx/iwgUv myweavfvMx, evwYwRK evsK I
Avw_K cwZvb KZK) wKsev h_fve we`k kwgK wbqvM GRx I cwkY K` Lvjvi gvag we`k
AwaK nvi ` kwgK cvVvbv I wewbqvM cwiek mw Kiv me| dj, `ki iwgUv AvniY ewi mv_
mv_ cKZ wewbqvMI ew cve|
4.24 `ki Drcvw`Z Kwl cYi `Z cPbiva Ges `xN gqv` iYveYi Rb wngvMvi (cold
storage) wbgvY Ges Rjv ev wefvMwfwK (area approach) Kwl wbfi wk (agro-based industries)
cwZvq cevmx/iwgUv myweavfvMxì wewbqvM DrmvwnZ Kiv hZ cvi| wekl Ki light industries
zone mwi Rb eovmn `ki wewfb vb wbevPb Kiv hvq, hLvb cevmx evsjv`kxì cwievieM Zvì G A_
wewbqvM KiZ cvi|
4.25 Abvb Dcvqmg~n

cevmx evsjv`kx I Zvì myweavfvMx cwievii m`mmn bZzb D`vvì miKvii wewfb gYvjq,
wefvM I kvLv _K eemvwqK Abygv`bmn Abvb dgvwjwUR I mnRxKiY Ges Gme KgKvi wek`
31
www.cc-advocates.com/tax-law/tax-investment-services-expatriates.htm
40
w`K wb`kbvi (Kvb& gYvjq, wefvM I kvLv _K KLb wKfve) AvjvK wewbqvM mve LvZi DjLmn
wewfb myweav m^wjZ wbqwgZ GKwU wewbqvM MvBW/eB cKvk Kiv hZ cvi Ges Zv we`k evsjv`ki
`~Zvevmi gvag evcK cPvi Kiv hZ cvi| D`vniYîc ejv hvq h, cvwKvb miKvi `ki
cevmxì mivmwi wewbqvM AvK KiZ cevmxì Rb Guide for Investment cKvk KiQ|32
4.26 MelYvq cv djvdj _K `Lv hvq h, Mvg, Dc-kni I kni chvq cPzi cevmx _vKvq `ki
`vwi` I Avq-elg nvm Ges mvweK Rxeb-hvvi gvbvbqb iwgUv wekl Ae`vb ivLQ hv, `ki
Awfevmb cwqvi GKwU AbZg BwZevPK w`K| iwgUvi wewfb myweav I eenvi m^wjZ Z_vw` cevmx
I Zvì myweavfvMx cwievii wbKU Zzj aivi Rb miKviK c_ ei KiZ ne| Gme Z_ I
cvwZvwbK myweavi cwic~Y mydj mK mPZb bv nIqvq AbKKB G _K ewZ KiQ| G j
`ki cwZwU BDwbqb ev DcRjv chvq GKwU Ki cevmx KjvY Z_ K` vcb Kivmn cPzi cwigvY
iwgUvi wewfb myweav I Gi eenvi welqK wjdjU I civgk c`vb wbwZ Kiv cqvRb| mBmv_,
wWwRUvj `k wnme Gme Z_ I NvlYv miKvii wewfb gYvjqi IqemvBU c`vb Kivmn wewfb
wgwWqvi gvag ej cPviYvi eev Kiv GKv cqvRb|
4.27 evsjv`k iwgUv ewk ewk ciY Drmvn c`vbi j Rjv ev wefvMwfwK mevwaK iwgUv
AvniYKvix wbw` msLK cevmxìK iwgUv mb` c`vbmn (mb` cvì Drcv`bkxj LvZ wewbqvM
myhvM-myweavm^wjZ) cyivii eev Kiv Ges `k cv iwgUv w`q Drcv`bkxj LvZ mevwaK
wewbqvMKvixì (cevmx/iwgUv myweavfvMxiv) mb` c`vbmn (mb` cvì Rb myhvM-myweavm^wjZ)
cyivii eev Kiv cqvRb ej cZxqgvb nq| Dci, GKB eQi Dfq mb` cvì wfAvBwc/wmAvBwc
ghv`vmn wekl myhvM-myweav c`vb Kij Drcv`bkxj LvZ iwgUvi eenvi wbwZ Kiv hve ej
AbywgZ nq|
32
Azam, Farooq, Public Policies to Support International Migration in Pakistan and the Philippines, (2005) p 19
41
cg Aavq
wevwiZ mycvwikgvjv
evsjv`k iwgUvi mvgwMK eenvi, fvM _K wewbqvMi w`K cevwnZ Kivi fwgKv cvjbi
welqwU Kejgv GKK Kvb GRx ev cwZvbi `vwqZ bq| GwU mevi Rb GKwU mvgwMK `vwqZ|
cwZe`b wekwlZ wewfb stake holder ì eZgvb `vwqZ iwgUvi Atcevn ew Ges Zv wewbqvM
Znwej icvii wewfb mwkxj (innovative) D`vM Ges fwgKv weePbv Kiv hZ cvi| `ki
UKmB I avivevwnKfve DP cew ARb Ges GKwU hywmsMZ mgqi ga evsjv`kK GKwU AbZg
gag Avqi `k cwiYZ Kivi j (middle income country) Pig `vwi` `~i Kivi gvag mvg I
eb eevi Dbqb Ges AvwjK elg (regional disparity) I abx-Mwiei ga evcK Avq elg nvm
Kivi Rb iwgUvi GKwU judicious use Kiv GKv AvekK| `Z Kgmsvbi mw nq, AvwjK
fvimvg AwRZ nq Ges mgvRi `wi`Zi RbMvxi ga Avqi mylg eb wbwZ nq-G aibi j
ARbK mvgb iL cwiek-eve wewbqvM Kgm~wP cYqb Kiv mgqi `vweZ AZ iZc~Y|
5.2 GKwU mgw^Z g~jevamb Ges UKmB Av_-mvgvwRK Dbqbi gvag mgvRi mei Avq Qwoq
`qvi (equitable distribution of income) iwgUvi A_ weivU fwgKv cvjb KiZ cvi| evsK
I Avw_K cwZvbmg~nK Zvì gvvZv Avgji demand-driven policy _K ewoq Gm supplydriven approach MnY Kiv cqvRb -hvi cwZ `ki gvbylì ga civwPZ Kgv`vM (induced
work initiatives) mw ne| Micro investment scheme cYqb Ki evsK I Avw_K cwZvbjv
hw` A_ I cwiKbv Dfq wbq RbMYi mvgb ùvovq, Zvnj `k wewbqvM cwiek bZzb gvv mw ne
hv eZgvb miKvi I evsjv`k evsKi cwiPvwjZ financial inclusion drive-K AviI mymsnZ I
eMevb Ki Zzje|
5.3 iwgUvi A_ wewbqvM mKiYi Rb miKvwi/emiKvwi cwZvbmg~n Ges evsK I wewfb

Avw_K cwZvbmg~ni AMYx fwgKv cvjb Kiv Acwinvh| vwW wUgi mv_ wewfb evsKi cavb wbevnx,
kvLv eevcK I iwgUv myweavfvMxì mv_ h gZwewbgq nqQ m AvjvK wb wKQz mywbw`
mycvwik DjL Kiv njv-
42
5.4 MYcRvZx evsjv`k miKvii cevmx KjvY I e`wkK Kgmsvb gYvjq KZK RvwiKZ 2006
mvji e`wkK Kgmsvb bxwZ-K 33 AwaKZi hyMvchvMx Kiv cqvRb| iwgUv Drcv`bkxj LvZ
wewbqvM DrmvwnZ Kivi Rb Awfevmx Kgx I Zvì cwievii m`mì mve mvweK mnvqZv `qvi
welqwU AviI evcK I xKiY cqvRb| Gi mv_ evsK I Avw_K cwZvbmg~ni mKiYi
evcviI my bxwZ _vKv ìKvi| evsjv`ki eZgvb e`wkK kg evRvi iv Ges bZzb bZzb evRvi
Abymvb (hgb-jvwUb AvgwiKv, AvwdKv I BDivc) Kiv hgb cqvRb Zgwb e`wkK Kgmsvbi
mv_ RwoZ Rbkw, Kgmsvb I cwkY eyiv (weGgBwU), UKwbKvj Uwbs mUvijv, evsjv`k
IfvimxR GgcqgU mvwfmm wjwgUW (evqmj), we`k evsjv`k wgkb/`~Zvevmmg~ni kgDBs-Gi
Kgvwkqvj Ges jevi GUvwPì Kvhg AviI MwZkxj Kivi mv_ mv_ Zvì cwiexY KvhgI
Rvi`vi Kiv AvekK| Rjv Kgmsvb I Rbkw AwdmjvZ Dchy I h_vh_ jvKej _vKv ìKvi|
AvRvwZK kg evRvii Pvwn`v Abyhvqx KvwiMwi cwkYi evw ewi gvag AwaK nvi Avav-` I `
Rbkw (semi-skilled and skilled) ivwbi D`vM bqv ìKvi|
5.5 evsjv`k Gmvwmqkb Ae BUvibvkbvj wizwUs GRx (evqiv)-K miKvwi D`vMi cvkvcvwk
wbR^ D`vM we`k kg evRvi Abymvb Kvhg nvZ bqv ìKvi| we`k evsjv`kx Rbkwi
Kgmsvbi myhvM mwi wizwUs GRxmg~ni wbRì gaKvi Af cwZhvwMZv e Kivi mv_
mv_ ga^fvMx I `vjvjì gvag we`k MgbQz Kgxì nqivwb e cqvRbxq c`c MnY Kiv
cqvRb| KviY, Gfve Kgxiv we`k Mj Zviv mnRB wi msk Pj Avm Ges `k KvwRZ
e`wkK gy`v cvw _K ewZ nq|
5.6 evsjv`k _K Rbkw Avg`vwbKviK `kmg~ni mv_ KUbwZK mymK eRvq ivLv `ki ^v_
AZ Riwi| GwgMkb cwZ mnRxKiYi cvkvcvwk hme Kgx Aeafve wewfb `k KvR KiQ Zvì
eaZv `qvi Rb gwKvi `v AbymiY Kiv hZ cvi| we`k AewZ evsjv`kx wgkbjvi
ZrciZv evcKwfwK I KvhKix Kivi Rb ciiv gYvjqi wekl `w `qv AZxe Riix| RvZxq
A_bxwZZ cevmx evsjv`kxì iZc~Y Ae`vbi welqwU h_vh_ iZi mv_ weePbv Ki we`k
Kgmsvbi YMZgvb ew Ges we`k Kgx wbqvM Kvhg cZviYvivac~eK ^QZv I MwZkxjZv wbwZ
Kivi ( hgbt we`ki wewfb dvg/Kvvbx evsjv`kx Kgx h gRywiZ wbqvM Ki Zvi Pq Kg gRywi
33
evsjv`k MRU, AwZwi msLv, bs-cKeKg-5/wewea-14/2002(Ask-2)/1063, ZvwiL 22 Avei 2006
43
c`vb, wewfb aibi cZviYv, elg, Ab `ki kwgKì mv_ ev wbRì ga msNl Zwi BZvw`
) j miKvii KvhKi D`vM cqvRb| GwU Acwinvh h, cevmx evsjv`kxì KvwRZ
iwgUvi A_ `ki e`wkK gy`vi wiRvfK AbKvsk wwZkxj ivLZ mnvqZv KiQ Ges A_bxwZZ
e`wkK mvnvhi Dci wbfikxjZv KwgqQ| Rbkw ivwbi eZgvb cwZhvwMZvg~jK AvRvwZK
kgevRvi evsjv`ki AskMnY Rvi`vi Kivi j G e`wkK kgLvZK AviI MwZkxjKiY I myyfve
eevcbv Kivi Rb hveZxq D`vM MnY Kiv mgqi cwZ Riwi|
5.7 evsjv`kx Awfevmxì we`k Zvì hveZxq wbivcv wbwZKiYi cvkvcvwk Zvì KjvYi Rb
h, IqR Avbvm Iqjdqvi dv AvQ Zvi gvag I mwZ cwZwZ cevmx KjvY evsKi gvag h
kwgKiv we`k _K diZ AvmQ mB cZvMZ Awfevmx Kgxì mvgvwRK I A_bwZKfve c~bevmb Z_v
A_bwZK KgKv mKiY mnvqZv c`vb Kivi j Dchy Kgm~wP cYqb I evevqb Kiv cqvRb|
5.8 we`k KgiZ evsjv`kx bvMwiKì AwRZ e`wkK gy`v hvZ `ki wfZi wewbqvMi KvR
eenvi Kiv hvq mRb evsjv`k miKvi h wZbwU dib Kviw e Pvjy KiQ Zv Aviv KvhKi Kivi
Rb cqvRbxq eev bqv ìKvi| cevmxì mvweK KjvY wbwZKiY I Zvì AwaKvi msiYi Rb
cevmx KjvY I e`wkK Kgmsvb gYvjq Welfare Fund or Rehabilitation Fund for the
NRBs bvg GKwU Znwej mw KiZ cvi| we`k evsjv`kx kwgKì mgmv wbimb Ges `k
cZveZbi ci Zvì KjvY `ki evsKjvI Zvì CSR Activities-Gi ga cevmx evsjv`kxì
Rb KjvYg~jK KvhvejxKI Afy
KiZ cvi Ges cwZ eQi GKwU wbw` cwigvY A_ G LvZ eiv
w`Z cvi|
5.9 evsjv`ki iwgUvi Atcevn AyY I MwZkxj ivLvi Rb we`k kg DBsmg~nK KvhKi Kivi
cvkvcvwk we`ki kg evRvii Pvwn`v Abyhvqx ` I KvwiMwi vbmb Rbkw mwi Rb Rbkw,
Kgmsvb I cwkY eyiv (weGgBwU)-K AvaywbK I kwkvjx Kiv cqvRb| cevmx Kgxì cqvRbxq
AvBbMZ mnvqZv c`vb Ges Z`bymvi evewfwK Kvhg MnY Kivi Rb we`k kg DBsmg~nK
wKfve Revew`wnZvi gyLvgywL Kiv hvq-m evcvi miKviK Dchy cv-cwZ ei Kiv cqvRb| ea
Dcvq iwgUv ciY cevmx evsjv`kx KgxìK Dy Kivi evcvi miKvii wewfb msv I
evsKjvK wekl wekl D`vM MnY KiZ ne|
44
5.10 cevmx evsjv`kxì cwiZ KvwRZ A_ Drcv`bkxj LvZ wewbqvMi Rb BwZc~e wewfb welq
wbq AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ| weklZ miKvii wewbqvM bxwZgvjvq iwgUvi A_ mKiYi welq
cvwaKvig~jK incentive compatible contract-Gi welqwU iZmnKvi weewPZ nIqv DwPZ| miKvii
c _K A_bwZK AeKvVvgv wbgvY, special economic zone/specialized NRB economic zone
eveZvi wbwiL mviv `kevcx hw` DchyZvi wfwZ mw Kiv nq Ges `ybxwZ I bwZK Aeqi h
DPgvv (high level of moral hazard problem) eZgvb ckvmbmn wewfb AeKvVvgvMZ mnvqZv
c`vbKvix cwZvbmg~n weivRgvb AvQ- Zv gv^q k~bgvvq wbq Avmvi eve D`vM MnY Kiv
cqvRb| Moral Filter for the government employees (weklZ we`yr, Mvm, cwienb I GbweAvi)Gi Dveb Kiv cqvRb hvZ we`k emevmiZ evsjv`kx wewbqvMKvixiv ^Q` I Kvb cwZeKZvcwZK~jZv QvovB ^ mgq wewfb wk KviLvbv cwZvq wàvnxb wP wewbqvM KiZ cvi Ges `kxq
Pvwn`v c~iY Ki we`k ivwb Ki `ki Dbqb weivU f~wgKv ivLZ cvi| eZgvb `k FDI-Gi
Atcevn 1 wewjqb WjviiI Kg, hw` wbivcv I AvbylwK wewbqvM myweav mnRB wbwZ Kiv hvq- (one
stop service) Zvnj diaspora-ì wbKU _K cvq 20-30 wewjqb Wjvii wewbqvM Avkv Kiv
A^vfvweK ne bv|
5.11 cwiZ iwgUvi Drcv`bkxj eenvi cevmxì DyKiYi `ki evwYwRK evsKjvi
weivU f~wgKv iqQ| `ki 47wU evwYwRK evsK 2010 mvj 10 wewjqb WjviiI ewk A_ Zvì kvLv
bUIqvKi gvag ewbwdwkqvixì wbKU cuQ w`qQ| G iwgUvi UvKv Kej cuQ `qvB evwYwRK
evsKjvi KvR nZ cvi bv; eis cevmx I Zvì G`k ewbwdwkqvixìK KvwRZ G A_ Kej
fvM eenvi bv Ki Zv wKfve wewbqvM eenvii gvag AviI AwaK Avq mw Kiv hvq-m evcvi
Dcvq-cwZ (ways and means) wb`kc~eK wewfb A_vqb Kgm~wP wbq GwMq Avmv cqvRb| `ki
A_bwZK Dbqb, Kgmsvb mw I `vwi` wbimbi evsKjvi cZ fwgKvI wbZ ne| we`k
MgbKvjxb cevmxì Rb ek KqKwU evsK hgb cevmx Kgmsvb cK Pvjy KiQ, Zgwbfve
cevmxì cwiZ A_i jvfRbK wewbqvMi wPwZ Kiv I wewfb suitable investment products
Dveb Kiv cqvRb| DjL h, cevmx Kgmsvb FY cK34 bvg mvbvjx evsKi GKwU cK iqQ,
hv cqvMnxb Aevq co iqQ| Bmjvgx evsK evsjv`k wjwgUW 23-10-2010 ZvwiL cevmx
34
mvbvjx evsK cavb Kvhvjqi Bnvi bî-49 ZvwiL 8-7-2009
45
evsjv`kxì G`kxq myweavfvMxì Rb NRB Entreperneurs Investment Scheme 35 bvg GKwU

wewbqvM xg Pvjy KiQ, hvi Dk `k cwiZ iwgUvK Drcv`bkxj wewbqvMi mv_ m Kiv|
Gfve evsKmg~nK iwgUvi A_ wewbqvMg~jK KgKv wbqvMi Rb ^Ztce nq Supply driven
policy wbq GwMq Avmv cqvRb| iwgUv ewbwdwkqvixìK Zvì cv A_ wewbqvM KgKv
wbqvMi j wewfb z` I gvSvwi wewbqvM cK I Zv evevqb GwMq Avmvi Rb evsjv`k evsK,

evwYwRK evsKmg~nK wb`k c`vb KiZ cvi| iwgUv myweavfvMxiv Missing Middle, ZvìK
wewbqvM KgKv Afy
Kiv nj eZgvb AbymZ financial inclusion-Gi cwiwa AviI weZ ne Ges
`k bZzb bZzb wewbqvMi gvag fwelZ GKwU gag Avqi `k cwiYZ nIqvi j GwMq
hZ cvie|
5.12 cwikl ejv hvq, iwgUvi A_ `k AviI AwaK cwigvY Avbqbi Rb miKvii wewfb
mg_bg~jK bxwZgvjvi h_vh_ cqvM, we`k wgkbjvi h_vh_ mwq f~wgKv cvjb, evsKjv KZK
we`k GP nvDR Lvjv I Abvb GP nvDRi mv_ Pyw mv`b Kiv hgb iZc~Y wVK Zgwb
D mvwjZ A_i mwVKfve wewbqvM KgKv eenvii Rb evsK I wewfb Avw_K cwZvbi
^ZtcYvw`Z wewbqvM Kgm~wP wbq iwgUv myweavfvMxìK wewbqvM KgKv mKiYI AwaK
iZi `vwe`vi| D jjv evevqb miKvwi wewfb cwZvb I evsjv`k evsK Ges evwYwRK
evsKmg~ni mgw^Z mwq f~wgKv cvjb Kiv mgqi cwZ AZ Riwi wnme Abyf~Z nQ|
35
Bmjvgx evsK cavb Kvhvjq mvKyjvi bs-1178
46
idvimg~n
1. Azam, Farooq: (2005), Public Policies to Support International Migration in Pakistan
and the Philippines, 2005.
2. Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), information collected from website, 25 April, 2011.
3. CARAM ASIA REPORT: (2010), Remittances: Impact on migration workers' quality of
life, October 2010.
4. Chisti. Mozaffar A: (2009), The phenomenal rise in Remittances to India: A closer look,
2009.
5. Dilip Ratha: (2007), Leveraging Remittances for development, Migration Policy
Institute, 2007.
6. IOM : (2009), The Bangladesh Household Remittance Survey, 2009.
7. Jamaluddin Ahmed: (2010), Economics of Migrant Remittance: What Shapes and What
Shakes, Occasional Publication of Bangladesh Economic Association (BEA), 2010,
second part.
8. Jeff Dayton-Johnson, Antje Pfeiffer, Kirsten Schuettler & Johanna Schwinn : (2009),
Migration and Employment, 2009.
9. John Page and Sonia Plaza: (2005), Migration Remittances and Development: A Review
of Global Evidence, 2005.
10. M A Taslim: (2010), Article on Remittances, Reserves and Investment in The Financial
Express, Appeared on December 21, 2010.
11. Manohar P. Sharma and Hassan Zaman: (2009), Who migrates overseas and is it worth
their while?-An Assessment of Household Survey Data from Bangladesh, 2009.
12. Tasneem Siddique: (2004), Efficiency of Migrant Workers Remittance: The Bangladesh
Case, ADB, 2004.
13. World Bank Staff Estimates Based on the IMFs BOP Statistics Yearbook, 2010
14. www.bb.org.bd
15. www.boi.gov.bd/about-bangladesh/government-and-policies/government-vision-2021.
16. www.cc-advocates.com/tax-law/tax-investment-services-expatriates.htm
17. www.ghana4all.com/Ghana/ACaseForRemittancePolicyInGhana/tabid/219/Default.aspx
18. www.worldbank.org/migrationandremittances,2010.
19. e`wkK gy`v bxwZ wefvM, evsjv`k evsK|
20. RvZxq mq Awaì, evsjv`k miKvi|
21. mvbvjx evsK cavb Kvhvjqi Bnvi bî-49 ZvwiL 8-7-2009|
22. Bmjvgx evsK evsjv`k wjwgUW, cavb Kvhvjq, mvKyjvi bs-1178, ZvwiL 23-10-2010|
23. evsjv`k MRU, AwZwi msLv, bs-cKeKg-5/wewea-14/2002(Ask-2)/1063, ZvwiL-22 Avei, 2006|
24. cwimsLvb wefvM: gvwj BKvbwgK U, wWmî 2010, evsjv`k evsK|
25. Rbkw, Kgmsvb I cwkY eyiv (weGgBwU), evsjv`k miKvi|
cwiwk-1
iwgUvi AvniY I eenvi welq wewfb `ki AwfZv weklY

fwgKv
wek evsKi gvBMkb G iwgUv kxlK cwZe`b1 _K `Lv hvq h, wek RbmsLvi 3 kZvsk ev weki cvq 215
wgwjqb jvK wbR^ Rbvb Qo wewfb `k emevm KiQ| GB wecyj msLK Awfevmxì (migrants) cwiZ A_i
cwigvY 2010 mvj ùvwoqQ cvq 440 wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi hv weki miKvwi Dbqb mnvqZv (Official Development
Assistance-ODA) Gi wZb Y| weki KvwU KvwU `wi` cwievi D A_i gvag Zvì `bw`b RxweKv wbevn Ki
_vK| DjL, 2010 mvj aygv Dbqbkxj `kmg~n KZK AwRZ iwgUvi cwigvY c~eeZx eQii Zzjbvq Qq kZvsk
ew cq 325 wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi ùvwoqQ| ga Gkxq Aj I BDivci AwaKvsk `kB e`wkK mvnvh I
mivmwi e`wkK wewbqvM (GdwWAvB) Gi ci ewntA_vqbi wZxq mevP Drm njv iwgUv| iwgUv G mKj
Aji `wi`Zg `kjvi A_bwZK Dbqbi PvwjKv kw wnme iZc~Y f~wgKv cvjb KiQ|
1. iwgUv AvniY weki wewfb `ki Zzjbvg~jK Aevb
mevwaK iwgUv AvniY weMZ KqK eQi weki h KqwU `k kxl Aevb iqQ evsjv`k Zvì ga AbZg|
mekl cv Z_ Abyhvqx `Lv hvq, 2010 mvj weki mevP iwgUv AvniYKvix 12wU `ki ga evsjv`ki Aevb
njv mg| ZvwjKvi kxl AevbKvix fviZi iwgUvi cwigvY 55 wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi| 2q kxl AevbKvix Pxbi
AvnwiZ iwgUvi cwigvY 51 wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi| gwKvi AvnwiZ iwgUv cwigvY 22 wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi Ges
evsjv`ki AvnwiZ iwgUvi cwigvY 11.1 wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi| ZvwjKvi mewb AevbKvix kxjsKvi iwgUv
AvniYi cwigvY 4.18 wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi| 2010 mvj mevP iwgUv AvniYKvix weki 12wU `ki ZvwjKv wbPi
mviwY-17 G `Lvbv njv|
mviwY-17t 2010 mvj mevP iwgUv ARbKvix `k I Zvì Awfevmxi msLv
wgK bs
1
`ki bvg
fviZ
iwgUvi cwigvY (wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi)

55.00
we`kx Awfevmxi msLv (wgwjqb)

11.4
Pxb
51.00
8.3
gwKv
22.00
11.9
21.30
15.90
11.60
11.10
10.40
10.20
10.00
9.68
4.11
4.3
1.7
3.5
5.4
4.7
1.8
4
wdwjcvBb
5
dv
6
Rvgvbx
7
evsjv`k
8
ejwRqvg
9
b
10
bvBRwiqv
11
cvwKvb
12
kxjsKv
Drmt worldbank.org/migrationandremittances,2010
iwgUv AvniY I eenvi welq Dciv `kmg~ni ga wbv `kjvi AwfZvi GKwU weklYagx weeiY Zzj
aiv njv|
2. iwgUv AvniY fviZi Aevb Ges miKvi/K`xq evsK KZK MnxZ DjLhvM c`cmg~ni weklY
wek iwgUv AvniY 2010 mvj fviZi Aevb kxl njI Abvb iwgUv AvniYKvix `ki Zzjbvq fviZi gZv
enr A_bxwZi `k iwgUv Zgb DjLhvM iZ enb Ki bv| D`vniYîc ejv hvq, 2009 mvj fviZi iwgUv
AvniYi cwigvY wQj 49.87 wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi hv Zvi wRwWwci gv 3.6 kZvsk| Z_vwc, wekvj RbMvxi G `ki
Awfevmxi msLv (2010 mvj 11.4 wgwjqb) wek 2q Aevb _vKvi KviY iwgUv cevni GB DagyLx aviv eRvq
iqQ Ges Zv Zvì e`wkK gy`v wiRvf Divi ewZI mnvqZv KiQ|
worldbank.org/migrationandremittances,2010
-1
3. fviZi gvU iwgUvi wmsnfvM Avm mdU&Iqvi wbgvZvì Avq _K| 1970 mvj fviZi KwZcq AvBwU
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KviY fviZxq cevmxì GKwU enr Ask e wewbqvMKZ A_ cybivq we`k bv cvwVq `k wewbqvM Kivi
dj iwgUvi cevn evcK ew cvq|
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4. fviZ miKvii Gme msvigyLx c`c `kK gy A_bxwZi mv_ hy KiQ Ges fviZxq A_bxwZi Avg~j
cwieZb Rvivjv fwgKv iLQ| fviZ miKvi Ges evswKs cwZvbmg~n KZK wewfb bxwZ/D`vM MnYi dj- 1)
`ki iwgUv cevni MwZ ea Pvbj ew cqQ Ges 2) AwaK iwgUv ciYKvixìK cKZ mqx _K
wewbqvMKvix nZ DrmvwnZ KiQ| djkwZZ fviZ `xNvqx I UKmB iwgUv ARbi aviv AevnZ iqQ|2
5. iwgUv AvniY Pxbi Aevb Ges miKvi/K`xq evsK KZK MnxZ DjLhvM c`cmg~ni weklY
iwgUv AvniY Pxb mevP ARbKvix `ki ZvwjKvq _vKjI enr A_bxwZi `k Pxb iwgUv Zgb iZc~Y Ae`vb
ivL bv| 2009 mvj Pxbi iwgUv AvniYi cwigvY wQj 48.73 wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi hv Zvi wRwWwci gv 1.00
kZvsk| mekl cv Z_vbyhvqx, 2010 mvjI wek iwgUv AvniYKvix `ki ga Pxb 2q Aevb iqQ| Ze,
wekvj RbMvxi Pxb Awfevmxi msLv wek 4_ Aevb _vKvi KviY iwgUv cevni G DagyLx aviv eRvq iqQ ej
cZxqgvb nq|
6. Pxbi cevmxì ga ewki fvMB we`k vqxfve emevm (Diaspora) Ki _vK| vqxfve emevmKvix Gme
cevmxMY Hme `k mymsMwVZ nIqvi KviY wewfb eRvwZK msv I msMVbi mv_ hvMvhvM iv Ki Pj| `ki
AeKvVvgvMZ Dbqb Hme eRvwZK msv/msMVbi gvag Pxbi Diaspora MY Rvivjv f~wgKv MnY Ki _vK| DbZ
`k nZ Kg cY Avg`vwb, `k mivmwi wewbqvM AskMnY I Ab D`vvì Dy Kiv Ges mevcwi Hme `k
`/A` kwgK wbqvM mnvqZv Kiv cfwZ KvR Diaspora MY cZfve RwoZ _vK| Abw`K, `k wewbqvMi
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`Zvi gvag wbR `ki A` kwgKì DbZ cwkYi gvag we`k Kgmsvb mnvqZv KiQ| Diaspora ì G
2
Chisti. Mozaffar A, The phenomenal rise in Remittances to India: A closer look
-2
aibi cej `kcgi KviY GKw`K hgb wbR `ki cevmxi msLv ew cqQ Abw`K, iwgUv I ivwb ewi
dj 2010 mvj iwgUv AvniYKvix `ki ga Pxb wek 2q mevP Aevb iqQ|3
7. iwgUv AvniY gwKvi Aevb Ges miKvi/K`xq evsK KZK MnxZ DjLhvM c`cmg~ni weklY
gwKvi iwgUvi cavb Drm `k njv gvwKb hyiv| fMvwjK Aevbi KviY BDGmGi wbKU cwZewk `k
nIqvq Ges m `ki RbMYi cej `kcgi KviY gwKvb AwfevmxMY cPzi cwigvY iwgUv `k ciY Ki
_vK| mekl cv Z_vbyhvqx `Lv hvq h, 2010 mvj iwgUv AvniY gwKv weki 3q Aevb iqQ Ges
Awfevmx ciY gwKvi Aevb wek 1g vb (11.9 wgwjqb) ARbKvix `ki ZvwjKvq iqQ| DjL, 2009 mvji
gwKvi iwgUv AvniYi cwigvY wQj 21.95 wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi, hv Zvi wRwWwci 2.5 kZvsk|
8. iwgUv cevn ewZ gwKv miKvi/K`xq evsK KZK MnxZ c`cmg~ni ga DjLhvMjv wbic- gwKvi iwgUv cevn ewi wcQb DbZ cgU wmg (develop payment system) iZc~Y fwgKv
cvjb KiQ| G eevi dj iwgUv ciYKvixMY Zvì cwiZ iwgUv AwZ mnRB cwievii KvQ
cuQvZ mg nq|
iwgUv cevn ewi Rb cgU bUIqvK wWwweDkb mymsnZ Kiv nqQ, hvZ `ki mKj Aj iwgUv
mgqgZ ciY Kiv hvq|
cevmxì we`k Mgbi gvBMkb LiP nvm Kiv nqQ Ges wewfb Aji `kwfwK gvBMkb
LiP wbaviY Kiv nqQ|
gwKvb miKvi vbxqfve GjvKvi Dbqbi Rb 'Two for One' bvg GKwU vbxq AeKvVvgvMZ Dbqb cK
cevmxì h Kvb cwigvY wewbqvMi wek evsKi A_vqb A_ev gwKvb dvBbvwqvj cwZvb/evsKi
gvag Zvi wY cwigvY wewbqvMi myhvM iLQ|
AvgwiKvq Aeafve emevmiZ gwKvb bvMwiKì Rb gwKvi KbmyjU Awdm Ges BDGmGi KZc
KZK gwUKzjv Kbmyjvi bvg GKwU AvBWbwUwU KvW Bmy Kiv nq hvi gvag Aea gwKvb AwfevmxMY
evsK wnmve LyjZ cvi Ges `k A_ ciY Ki _vK|
9. gwKvZ iwgUvi cevn ewi cQb m `ki Kbmyjviì Ae`vb Ab^xKvh| AvgwiKvq Aeafve emevmiZ
gwKvb bvMwiKì Rb c`vbKZ AvBWbwUwU KvW AvgwiKvb cywjkK `yNUbv ev `ybxwZi m RwoZ h Kvb
Awfevmxì mbv KiZ `Z mnvqZv Ki hv AvgwiKvi mvm `gb KvhKix fwgKv iLQ| G KvWi gvag
gwKvbiv AvgwiKvi evsKjvZ GKvDU Lvjvi AbygwZ cqQ| hvi dj GB KvWi MnYhvMZv cwZwbqZ evoZ
_vK| GB AvBWbwUwU KvWi gvag AvgwiKvq emevmiZ gwKvbì KvQ _K ZvrwYKfve Uv msMn Kiv mnR
nqQ Ges wUAvBGb bîwenxb Uv c`vbKvixì Zrbvr wUAvBGb bîI c`vb Kiv nqQ| DjL, c~e G aibi
wUAvBGb bî cZ 6/8 mvn mgq jvMZv| G aibi D`vM MnYi dj GKw`K hgb AvgwiKvi Uv ew cqQ,
Abw`K gwUKzjv KvWi gvag AvgwiKvq Aea Awfevmx cek VKvZ KvhKi fwgKv iLQ| G KvWi gvag
gwKvb AwfevmxMY AvgwiKvb evsKmg~n mnRB GKvDU Lyj iwgUv `Z `k cvVvZ cvi Ges iwgUvi `Z
cewZ iZc~Y Ae`vb ivLQ|4
10. iwgUv AvniY wdwjcvBbi Aevb Ges miKvi/K`xq evsK KZK MnxZ DjLhvM c`cmg~ni weklY
iwgUv wdwjcvBbi RvZxq A_bxwZZ iZc~Y fwgKv cvjb Ki _vK| iwgUv cevni DP cewi KviY 2009
mvj wdwjcvBb 19.77 wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi iwgUv AvniY Ki, hv Zvi wRwWwci 12.3 kZvsk| wdwjcvBbi gvU
RbmsLvi ga Awfevmxi msLv gv 4.3 wgwjqb (2010 mvj)| Awfevmxi msLv evsjv`ki Zzjbvq (5.4 wgwjqb) Kg
njI ` Awfevmxi msLv AwaK nIqvi KviY wdwjcvBb 2010 mvj 21.30 wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi iwgUv ARbi
gvag weki 4_ iwgUv ARbKvix `k wnme ^xKwZ cqQ|
3
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Jeff Dayton-Johnson,Antje pfeiffer, kirsten Schuettler & Johanna Schwinn Migration and Employment, (2009) p156
Azam, Farooq , Public Policies to Support International Migration in Pakistan and the Philippines, (2005).
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11. iwgUv cevn ewZ wdwjcvBb miKvi/K`xq evsK KZK MnxZ c`cmg~ni ga DjLhvMjv wbic miKvi KZK cevmxìK AvBwb mnvqZv I kg Awfevmb welq mvweK mnvqZv c`vbi j 1995 mvj
ijUW gvBMkb cwjwm bvg GKwU RvZxq bxwZ Pvjy KiQ|
wbqvMKvix KZc KZK kg Awfevmb LiP nvmi gvag Awfevmxì mvweK mnvqZv c`vbi Dk miKvi
1982 mvj ivcwZi Av`ki gvag wdwjcvBb IfvimxR GgcqgU GvWwgwbkb (POEA) bvg
GKwU miKvwi GRx Pvjy KiQ| GB GRx wizwUs GRUì jvBm c`vb, we`k wbqvMi Pzwi
wbivcv wbwZKiY BZvw` welq mnvqZv c`vb Ki _vK| GQvov, bvweKì gwWKvj wUUgU, AvKwmWU
Byi Ges cbkb BZvwì Rb GB GRx mnvqZv Ki _vK|
Abw`K, kg gYvjqi Aaxb IfvimxR IqvKvm Iqjdqvi GvWwgwbkb (OWWA) bvg m~Y
miKvwi gvwjKvbvq GKwU GRx cwZv Kiv nqQ| GB GRx Awfevmxì Avw_K mnvqZv I Zvì AeZgvb
cwieviK Avw_K wbivcvmn mvweK mnvqZv `vbi Dk miKvi KZK 100 wgwjqb cmvi N~Yvqgvb
Znweji AvIZvq gvBMUm& IqvKvm jvb MvivwU dvm& bvg GKwU Znwej MVb KiQ|
ea c_ gvBMkb LiP ewk nIqvq Aea c_ bvix cvPvi iva miKvi KZK gvBMkb LiP nvmmn 2003
mvj bvix cvPvi iva AvBb Zwi Kiv nqQ|
wdwjcvBb miKvi evswKs LvZ wewfbgyLx myhvM-myweav ew, wbqg-bxwZi wkw_jZv Ges jvfRbK jb`bK
DrmvwnZ Kivi gvag Aea c_ iwgUv ciYK wbirmvwnZ Ki Awdwmqvj Pvbj iwgUv ciYi bxwZ
AbymiY KiQ| Gfve wdwjcvBb miKvii emiKvwi LvZ D`vi bxwZ MnYi dj cevmx cwievii KvQ 24
NUvi ga `Z iwgUv mvwfm cuQvbv meci nqQ|
UNLAND KABAYAN bvg wdwjcvBbi GKwU GbwRI iwgUv myweavfvMx m`mì mqx wnmve Lvjv,
Pjgvb eemvq wewbqvM I bZzb eemvq Dy Kivi cvkvcvwk chyw I KkjMZ mnhvwMZv c`vb Ki
AvmQ| dj, cevmxì ga `Zv ewi gvag iwgUv cevn ew cqQ|
12. iwgUv AvniY welq Dchy c`ci cvkvcvwk e`wkK Kgmsvb welq mvweK mnvqZv c`vbi Dk
POEA Ges OWWA GRxq e`wkK Kgj, we`ki mv_ Pzw mB, we`ki mvgvwRK Aev I Kg cwiek
mK cv_wgK Kvm, gwWKj Byi Ges cbmb cvb BZvw` mK wevwiZ vb `vb Ki _vK| DjL, wdwjcvBb
miKvi mvgwqK Awfevmb cwqvK mnvqZv I Drmvn c`vbi mvweK mev `vbi Rb GKwU mvgmc~Y I
DPvwfjvlx kg Awfevmb AvBb cYqbi gvag `k iwgUvi cevn ewZ Rvivjv fwgKv ivLQ|5
13. iwgUv AvniY cvwKvbi Aevb Ges miKvi/K`xq evsK KZK MnxZ DjLhvM c`cmg~ni weklY
cvwKvbi gvU RbmsLvi ga cevmxi msLv 2010 mvj 4.7 wgwjqb hv evsjv`ki cevmxi cvq KvQvKvwQ njI
cvwKvbi Awfevmxì ga Zzjbvg~jKfve A`Zvi nvi ewk nIqvi KviY iwgUv AvniY cvwKvbi Aevb
evsjv`ki Zzjvbvq AbK wbP| 2009 mvj cvwKvbi iwgUv AvniYi cwigvY wQj 8.72 wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi hv
Zvi wRwWwci 5.4 kZvsk| 2010 mvj cvwKvbi iwgUv AvniYi cwigvY ùvwoqQ 9.68 wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi|
DjL, iwgUvi cevn ewi j miKvi ` Awfevmx wbqvM Ges bZzb bZzb kg evRvi Abymvbi Rb egyLx
c`c MnY KiQ|
14. iwgUv cevn ewZ cvwKvb miKvi/K`xq evsK KZK MnxZ c`cmg~ni ga DjLhvMjv wbic gvBMkb LiP nvmi gvag wizwUs GRUì Z`viwK/cwiPvjbvi j miKvi 1979 mvj cvwKvb
GwgMkb AwWbv Gi AvIZvq Bureau of Emigration and Overseas Employment (BOE) cwZv
KiQ| GwU g~jZ cvwKvbi miKvwi wizwUs GRw -IfvimxR wizwUs Kcvikb Ges emiKvwi wizwUs
Farooq Azam, Public policies to support international migration in Pakistan.
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wewbqvM mve LvZ cevmx I Zvì myweavfvMx cwievimn bZzb D`vvì wewbqvM DyKiYi Dk
miKvi wekl myweav m^wjZ wewbqvM MvBW/eB cKvk KiQ|
e`wkK wewbgqi Aeva bxwZ MnYi dj Awfevmxiv Zvì wnmve iwZ A_ e`wkK gy`v A_ev vbxq
icxZ msiY KiZ cvie| we`k vqxfve emevmKZ cevmxì (Diaspora) KvQ _K `k wewbqvM
ewi j h Kvb cwigvYi e`wkK gy`vi Aeva wbMgb I ewnMgbi AbygwZ c`vb Kiv nqQ| wewbqvMi
gybvdv wbwZKiYi j wi wewbgq nvii (official exchange rate) cwieZ fvmgvb wewbgq nvi Pvjy
Kiv nqQ|
miKvi ea Pvbj iwgUv cevn ewi j Awfevmxì mev c`vbi Rb mnvqZv cK MnY KiQ| h
mKj cevmx `k eQi 2500 I 10,000 gvwKb Wjvi ciY Ki Zvì ewMZ jvMR enb eQi
h_vg 1000 I 2000 gvwKb Wjvi ch Kvgm& gIKzd Kiv nqQ| GQvov, Awfevmxì `Z mev
`vbi Rb ewnMgb wbwi AvMgb I cvbi Rb Avjv`v Avjv`v KvDUvi MVb Kiv nqQ|
cvwKvb miKvi `xN gqvw` wewbqvM D`vvì weklZ vqxfve emevmiZ cevmxìK (Diaspora) AvK
Kivi Dk evRvi g~ji AwaK gybvdv c`vbi gvag Foreign Exchange Bearer Certificates and
Foreign Exchange Currency Certificates Pvjy KiQ|
miKvi we`k Aevbi mgq cevmxì `yNUbvi KviY kvixwiK AgZv, AKvr gZz BZvw` Avw_K
wbivcv c`vbi Dk evaZvg~jK exgv cK Pvjy KiQ|
ea c_ gvBMkb LiP ewk nIqvq Aea c_ bvix cvPvi iva mwZ miKvi KZK bvix/wk cvPvi iva
AvBb Zwi Kiv nqQ|
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wbv wb`kbv c`vb KiQ|
cavb Rbkw Avg`vwbKviK `kjvZ cvwKvbi evwYwRK evsKmg~ni kvLv/Awdm Lvjv;
gacvPi `kmg~n nZ iwgUv AvniYi Rb gvevBj evswKs mev c`vb;
iwgUvmsv jb`b `ZZi Dcvq mU Kivi Rb evwYwRK evsKmg~ni wbqg-bxwZ wkw_j Kiv;
we`k Mgbi c~e Awfevmxì AMvwaKvi wfwZ evsK GKvDU Lvjvi evcvi Drmvn c`vb Kiv;
iwgUv `ki A_bxwZZ Drcv`bkxj LvZ `Zvi mv_ wewbqvMi Rb bZzb kgevRvi Abymvb Ges
Awfevmx kwgKì myhvM-myweav ew Kiv;
miKvii ivRbwZK I A_bwZK wwZkxjZv wbwZ Kiv| `kxq Drcv`bKvixì Drmvn c`vbi gvag
Avg`vwbi Ici wbfiZv nvm Kiv Ges `kxq I AvRvwZK evRvi wUK _vKvi Rb ivwb ewi gvag e`wkK
gy`vi cevn ew Kiv|6
15. iwgUv AvniY kxjsKvi Aevb Ges miKvi/K`xq evsK KZK MnxZ DjLhvM c`cmg~ni weklY
kxjsKvi RvZxq A_bxwZZ iwgUv AZv iZc~Y fwgKv cvjb Ki _vK| 2010 mvj kxjsKvi gvU RbmsLvi
ga cevmxi msLv gv 1.8 wgwjqb| kxjsKvi kgkwi cvq 13 kZvsk we`k KvR Ki Ges `ki A_bxwZi
wmsnfvMB wbfi Ki we`k AevbiZ kwgKì DcvwRZ A_i (iwgUv) Ici| `ki Zwi cvkvK ivwbi ci
e`wkK gy`v DcvRbi wZxq eng Drm njv iwgUv| A msLK Awfevmxi `k nIqv mI kxjsKv 2009 mvj
3.3 wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi iwgUv ARb Ki, hv Zvi wRwWwci 8.0 kZvsk| mekl cv Z_ Abyhvqx 2010 mvj
kxjsKvi iwgUv AvniYi cwigvY ùvwoqQ 4.11 wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi| MZ wZb `kK ai kxjsKv miKvi m `ki
bvMwiKì we`k Kgmsvb mwi gvag Awfevmxì mnvqZv c`vbi Rb kg ivwb bxwZ AbymiY Ki AvmQ|
16. iwgUv cevn ewZ kxjsKv miKvi/K`xq evsK KZK MnxZ c`cmg~ni ga DjLhvMjv wbic
6
Farooq Azam, Public policies to support international migration in Pakistan.
-5
we`k mvgwqK kg wbqvMi Dk kxjsKvi e`wkK Kgmsvb, mnvqZv I KjvY gYvjq (MFEPW) 1985
mvj kxjsKv eyiv Ae dib GgcqgU (SLBFE) cwZvi gvag kg Awfevmbmsv RvZxq bxwZgvjv cYqb
KiQ| we`k Kgmsvbi mnvqZv, wbqvMmsv wbqgbxwZ Ges Awfevmx I Zvì cwievii mvweK
wbivcv c`vb Kiv G cwZvbi j|
1995 mvj SLBFE Awfevmxì we`k Mgbi mgq evaZvg~jKfve iwRkb xg Pvjy KiQ|
SLBFE bvix kwgKì mnvqZv `vbi Dk we`k Mgbi c~e IwiqUkb cvMvg, Uwbs Kvm BZvwì
gvag mvweK mnvqZv c`vb Ki AvmQ|
SLBFE Gi AvIZvq emiKvwi wizwUs GRxmg~nK jvBm c`vbi gvag kxjsKvq (691wU, 2007) cPzi
wizwUs GRx cwZwZ nqQ| Gme GRx cwZhvwMZvi gvag Awfevmxì we`k ciY mvweK mnvqZv
c`vb Ki _vK| Zxe cwZhvwMZvi KviY Awfevmxiv Awfevmb mK ^Q aviYv cvq Ges we`k Mgb Dy
nq, hvi dj `ki Awfevmxi msLv cwZwbqZ ew cvQ|
Awfevmxì welq MnxZ DjLhvM c`c mI e`wkK kg evRvi LvZK AvRvwZK evRvi
cwZhvwMZvc~Y Ki Zvjvi j Demand driven process Pvjy Kivi gvag Awfevmx I Zvì cwievieMK
RvZxq I AvRvwZKfve wbivcv weavbi Rb AvRvwZK kg Awdm I miKvi Gi ga 2009 mvj GKwU
Pzw ^vwiZ nqQ| D Pzwi AvIZvq kg gYvjq RvZxq Awfevmb bxwZgvjv cYqb KiQ|
iwgUv ciYi kxjsKvb miKvi I K`xq evsK cevmxì cqvRb/cQ`K AMvwaKviwfwZ
AcvKZ ^ LiP (wfb gvag I mgqvbyhvqx wfb LiP) wewfb gvag/cvi eev wbwZ KiQ| GQvov,
`ZZi mvwfm c`vbi gvwb Uvdvi AMvbvBRkb, GP GRU I evwYwRK evsK BZvw` wewfb aibi
ccvi eR&W Ges DbZ BjKUwbK Uvdvi mvwfm eenvi Ki AvmQ|
17. kxjsKvb miKvii MnxZ Dchy hyMvKvix c`ci dj `ki Awfevmxi msLv Divi ewi gvag iwgUv
cevn ew cZ _vK hv `ki e`wkK gy`vi wiRvf ewZ iZc~Y f~wgKv cvjb Ki AvmQ|7
18. iwgUv AvniY evsjv`ki Aevb Ges miKvi/K`xq evsK KZK MnxZ DjLhvM c`cmg~ni weklY
wek mevP iwgUv AvniYKvix 2010 mvj 12wU `ki ZvwjKvq evsjv`ki Aevb 7g Ges `wY Gwkqvi 6wU
`ki ga 2q| Dbqbkxj `ki A_bwZK Dbqb iwgUv AMYx fwgKv cvjb Ki AvmQ| 2009 mvj evsjv`ki
iwgUv AvniYi cwigvY wQj 10.52 wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi hv Zvi wRwWwci gv 11.8 kZvsk| wekvj RbMvxi G
`ki Awfevmxi msLv 2010 mvji wnme gv 5.4 wgwjqb nIqv mI iwgUv cevni DagyLx aviv eRvq iqQ
Ges Zv `ki e`wkK gy`v wiRvf Divi ewZI mnvqZv KiQ|
19. iwgUv cevn ewZ evsjv`k miKvi/K`xq evsK KZK MnxZ c`cmg~ni ga DjLhvMjv wbic `ki Rbkw ivwb msv mvweK cwiKbv MnY I evevqbi j 1976 mvj Rbkw Dbqb I mgvR KjvY
gYvjqi Aaxb Rbkw, Kgmsvb I cwkY eyiv bvg GKwU c_K msvi mw Kiv nq| wbivc` Awfevmb
cwqvi gvag gvbmb Kgx ciYi Dci Rbkw, Kgmsvb I cwkY eyiv AwaKZi iZ Avivc KiQ|
wWwRUvj cwZZ wdsMvi wcUmn we`kMvgx Kgxi hveZxq Z_ WvUveR Afy
Ki ewnMgb Qvoci mgq
Rbkw, Kgmsvb I cwkY eyiv nZ Kgxì vU KvW c`vb Kiv nQ| Gi dj Rvj wfmvq cZvwiZ nq
we`k _K Kgx diZ Avmvi nvi cvq k~bi KvVvq bg GmQ|
Rbkw cwkY I Kgmsvb eyiv we`k MgbQz Kgxì Z_ m^wjZ WvUv evsK vcb KiQ| D WvUv evsK
we`k MgbQz h Kvb ew Rjv Kgmsvb I Rbkw Awdmi gvag wbewZ nZ cvi|
eKvi hyeKì ` RbkwZ icvi Ki we`k ciYi j `ki cwZwU Rjvq GKwU Ki KvwiMwi cwkY
K` vcbi j eZgvb cwiPvwjZ 38wU KvwiMwi cwkY Kì cvkvcvwk 35wU bZzb KvwiMwi cwkY K`
CARAM ASIA REPORT, remittances: Impect on migration workers' quality of life, (October 2010).
-6
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ckvmK Kvhvjq cevmx KjvY kvLv vcb Kiv nqQ|
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nIqvq we`k jvK wbqvMi ^QZv, Revew`wnZv I mykLjv cwZwZ nqQ| Gi dj cvmcvU RvwjqvwZi
gvag Rvj wfmvq Kgx ciY, Kgxì cZviYv, ga^ZfvMxì ìvZ AbKvsk iva Kiv me nqQ| Kgxì Z_
Ges wbqvMKZvi Z_ Rbkw eyivi K`xq WvUveR msiwZ _vKvi dj KgxMY we`k Kvb aibi mgmvi myLxb
nj Zv AwZ mnRB mbv Kiv Ges cqvRbxq c`c MnY Kiv mnRZi nQ|
21. we`kx mvwbZ wbqvMKZvMYi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx `Z mgq mr I ` Rbkw ciYi eev Kivi Rb evsjv`k
IfvimxR GgcqgU G mvwfmm wjwgUW (evqmj)-bvg GKwU cwZvb mw Kiv nqQ| evsjv`k nZ we`k Kgx
ciYi evqmj wewfb gvag _K Rbkw ivwbi Pvwn`v msMn Kivi gvag iZc~Y mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb Ki
_vK, Za wbgvjv DjLhvM cyivZb wbqvMKZvi wbKU _K Rbkwi Pvwn`v msMn Kiv;
cyivZb wbqvMKZvi gvag bZzb wbqvMKZvi mvb jvf Kiv;
evsjv`k `~Zvevmi gvag Rbkw ivwbi Pvwn`v msMn Kiv;
evqmj KZK wbqvwRZ Kwgkb GRU-Gi gvag Pvwn`v msMn Kiv;
we`k wewfb wbqvMKvix cwZvbi wbKU evqmji cwiwPwZ Ges cPvi-cPviYv I wevcbi gvag ZvìK
evsjv`k _K webv LiP ev ^ LiP Rbkw Avg`vwbi Pvwn`v ciYi Rb Dy Kiv nq|
22. GQvov, mve Rbkw Avg`vwbKviK wewfb `k mdi Kivi gvag Rbkw ivwbi Pvwn`v msMn Kiv nq Ges
cieZxZ miKvi I wewfb wbqvMKvix cwZvbi gvwjK ev KgKZvi mv_ hvMvhvM vcbi gvag Rbkw ciY
mcmvwiZ Kiv nq|
`ki AwaKvsk wkvqbi evw NUvbvi Dk we`kx D`vvì Rb evsjv`k wewbqvMi
Uvwid nvm Kivmn wewbqvM Avqi Ici Uv nvm Kiv nqQ|
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-7
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cevmxì h Kvb cwigvY wewbqvMi wek evsKi A_vqb A_ev gwKvb dvBbvwqvj cwZvb/evsKi
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cevmxì we`k Mgbi gvBMkb LiP nvm Kivmn wewfb Aji `kwfwK gvBMkb LiP wbaviY
Kiv- gwKvb miKvii bvq evsjv`k miKviI G aibi D`vM MnY KiZ cvi|
miKvi KZK cevmxì AvBwb mnvqZv I kg Awfevmb welq mvweK mnvqZv c`vbi j wdwjcvBb miKvii
bvq evsjv`k miKviI ijUW gvBMkb cwjwm bvg RvZxq bxwZ Pvjy KiZ cvi|
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bvg Znwej MVbi D`vM evsjv`k miKviI m~Y miKvwi gvwjKvbvq GRx cwZv KiZ cvi|
UNLAND KABAYAN bvg wdwjcvBbi GKwU GbwRI iwgUv myweavfvMx m`mì mqx wnmve Lvjv, Pjgvb
eemvq wewbqvM I bZzb eemvq Dy Kivi cvkvcvwk chyw I KkjMZ mnhvwMZv c`vb Ki AvmQ| dj,
cevmxì ga `Zv ewi gvag iwgUv cevn ew cqQ| evsjv`kI wewfb aibi GbwRI Pvjy AvQ hvì
ga _K Kvb GKwU GbwRI G D`vM MnY Kij cevmxì ga `Zv ewi gvag iwgUv cevn ew cZ
cvi|
cvwKvb miKvi ea Pvbj iwgUv cevn ewi j Awfevmxì mev c`vbi Rb mnvqZv cK MnY
KiQ| h mKj cevmx `k eQi 2500 I 10,000 gvwKb Wjvi ciY Ki Zvì ewMZ jvMR enb
eQi h_vg 1000 I 2000 gvwKb Wjvi ch Kvgm& gIKzd Kiv nqQ| GQvov, Awfevmxì `Z mev
`vbi Rb ewnMgb wbwi AvMgb I cvbi Rb Avjv`v Avjv`v KvDUvi MVb Kiv nqQ| evsjv`k
miKviI G aibi eev MnYi gvag iwgUv cevn ew KiZ cvi|
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-8
24. Dchy AvjvPbv nZ GUv h, GKwU `ki UKmB iwgUv ARb m `ki miKvi, K`xq evsK,
evwYwRK evsK I cevmxì Ae`vb Ab^xKvh| Kbbv, aygv myz Awfevmx AvBb cYqb Ki Awfevmxì
wbivcvmn mvweK mnvqZv c`vbi gvagB iwgUvi EP cewi aviv eRvq _vKbv; miKvii myz Awfevmx
wbqgbxwZi mv_ DbZ evswKs mevi gvag `Z iwgUv cvwi wbqZv, ` Awfevmx ew, cevmxì ^`kcg,
wewbqvMi `ki AbyKj cwiek Ges iwgUvi cv A_ Drcv`bkxj LvZ wewbqvMi gvag m `ki
iwgUvi DagyLx aviv eRvq ivLv me nq| Gfve, iwgUvi gvag AwRZ e`wkK gy`v GKwU `ki RvZxq
A_bxwZZ iZc~Y Ae`vb ivLvi cvkvcvwk wek A_bxwZZI fwgKv ivLZ mg nQ| AvjvP `kmg~ni 2009
mvj iwgUvi cwigvY Ges wRwWwcZ iwgUvi kZKiv Aski GKwU ZvwjKv wbi mviwY-18 G `Lvbv njv|
mviwY-18t 2009 mvji iwgUv I wRwWwcZ kZKiv Ae`vb
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1
2009 mvj iwgUvi cwigvY

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12.3
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-9
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evsjv`k evsKi wbweo Zveavb Kvhg AbZg| KvwRZ iwgUv AvniYKvix cevmx evsjv`kxì cwiZ
A_ wKfve eq Kiv nq, m welq GKwU wbweo vwW I gvVchvq Rwic cwiPvjbvi wmv cavbgxi Kvhvjq
AbywZ mvgwK A_bwZK cwiwwZ chvjvPbv msv GK mfvq MnxZ nqQ| GgZvevq, cevmx evsjv`kxì
cwiZ A_ Kx Kx KvR eq Kiv nQ Zv miRwgb cwi`kbi gvag AeMZ nIqv Ges Drcv`bkxj LvZ
wKfve Zv eenvi Kiv hvq m welq AMvwaKvi wfwZ GKwU mycvwikgvjv cYqbi Rb GKwU vwW I
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evsjv`k nZ Rbkwi we`kMgb (Labour Migration) Gi Dci 2004 mvji c~e ch h mg vwW
cwiPvwjZ nqwQj mjvi ga Protection Issues(Siddiqui 1998), National Legal Framework on
Migration(RMMRU 1999), Labour Migration and Trade Unions(ILO 1999), Female Labour
Migration(Siddiqui 1999), Recruitment and Placement Process(IOM 2000a), Returnees
Rehabilitation(IOM 2000b) kxlK vwWjv AbZg Ges iwgUvK iZ w`q hviv vwW cwiPvjbv
KiQb Zvì ga Mahmood 1996; Ahmad and Zohra 1997, IOM 2000c AbZg| GfveB
evsjv`k iwgUvi Dci MelYv Kvhg cwiPvjbvi iZ evoZ _vK hvi djkwZZ cdmi Zvmbxg
wmxwK, RMMRU, XvKv wekwe`vjq, Efficiency of Migrant workers Remittance: The Bangladesh
case 2004 kxlK vwWwU cwiPvwjZ nq| D vwWwU g~jZ mKvwi Dcvi Dci wfw Ki mb Kiv nq
Ges evsjv`k nZ gvBMkb cevni wewfb aib, iwgUvi AvKvi, mvgwK A_bxwZZ Gi iZ I miKvwi,
emiKvwi wewfb GRxi iwgUv cevn f~wgKv m^ AvjvKcvZ Kiv nq| AZtci `xN cwimi
BUvibvkbvj AiMvbvBRkb di gvBMkb (AvBIGg) Gi cwiPvwjZ The Bangladesh Household
Remittance Survey2009 kxlK mvfZ DwjwLZ Dkwj wQj- cwZwU cwievi iwgUv cevni ewk
Ges aib wbaviY Kiv| hvi ga Mo cevn, cevn msLv, cevn gvKvwbRg, eq, ciK Ges cvcKi vb I
ewk AbZg, gvBMU cwievijvi ga iwgUv eenvii aib wbaviY Ges iwgUvi Av_-mvgvwRK
cfve m^ weklY| D mvfZ evsjv`ki 6 wU ckvmwbK wefvM (ewikvj, PMvg, XvKv, Lyjbv, ivRkvnx
Ges wmjU) nZ AwaK gvBMU Ges Kg gvBMU cwievii wfwZ KvmUvi mvgwcs Gi gvag cv_wgKfve
10926 wU cwieviK mvj mvBR weePbv Ki 10673 wU cwievii mvvrKvi mb Kiv nqQ| Ze H
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GQvovI, 2009 mvji AvM gvm wek evsKi 2 Rb KgKZv meRbve gbvni kgv Ges nvmvb Rvgvbi
bZZ ''Who Migrates overseas and is it worth their while?-An Assessment of Household survey
Data from Bangladesh'' kxlK GKwU vwW/mgxv cwiPvjbv Kib| D mgxvi Dk wQj- h mg
cwievi we`k Mgb KiZ Pvq Zvì ewk wPwZ Kiv, we`k Mgb msv LiP wbaviY Ges iwgUv
ciYi gvagmg~n wPwZ Kiv| D MelYvq c_g XvKv kni AewZ wewfb Uvfj GRx I ew
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Aev Z_v iwgUv eenvii Ici wekl iZ Avivc Kie| A_vr we`kMvgx ewi cwiZ A_ Kvb&& Kvb&&
LvZ eeZ nqQ ev nQ Zvi Ici g~jZ Z_/Dcv msMn Kiv| Gfve iwgUvi UvKv `ki Av_mvgvwRK Dbqb wK f~wgKv ivLQ Zv wbaviY Kiv Ges cwiewZZ cwZ Zv wKfve eZgvb miKvii MnxZ
Outline Perspective Plan for Bangladesh 2010-2021, Planning Commision, GOB. Gi Dk
evevqbi j mywbw` bxwZgvjv cYqb Kiv hvq Zv wbaviYB ne G mgxvi g~j j-Dk| G cwZ
eZgvb cwiPvwjZe mgxvwU wekevsK Ges AvBIGg KZK cwiPvwjZ mgxv _K wfb AvwK cwiPvwjZ ne
Ges eZgvb cvcU mgxvwU cwiPvjbvi h_ cqvRbxqZv iqQ|
II
5. mgxv cwiPvjbvi cwZ t

c_g chvq- AvjvP mgxvi j evevqbi Rb cv_wgK chvq `k KvhiZ mKj Zdwmwj evsK _K Zvì
iwgUv mwKZ gvwmK Z_/Dcv(eQiwfwK), kvLvwfwK iwgUvi weZiY, kvLvwfwK iwgUv myweavfvMxi
msLv I wVKvbv BZvw` mwKZ Z_/Dcv msMn Kiv, iwgUv weZiY I Av`vq mswk evsKmg~n Kx Kx c`c
MnY Ki _vK m welq GKwU wbw` ckgvjvi AvjvK Z_ msMn Kiv Ges kgkw, Kgmsvb I cwkY
eyivi (BMET) Z_ fvvi Gi mnvqZv MnY Kiv| DjL, Zdwmwj evsKmg~n Ges BMET _K cv
Z_/Dcvi wfwZ c_g chvqi KvR BZvgaB mb Kiv nqQ| G chvq evsjv`ki iwgUv AvniY I
evsKjvi f~wgKvi GKwU cwic~Y wP cvIqv MQ|
wZxq chvq- G chvq `ki mvZwU wefvM AewZ evsjv`k evsKi mvZwU kvLvi Kbdvi ig mswk
Zdwmwj evsKmg~ni kvLv cavbì AskMnY cavb AwZw_ wnme A_bwZK Dc`v gnv`qi DcwwZZ mvZwU
mfv AvqvRbi eev Kiv hvq| G mfvq evsjv`ki A_bxwZZ iwgUvi iZ I cqvRbxqZv kxlK cvIqvi
cqU cRUkb Kiv ne| cieZxZ GKwU KvVvgvMZ ckgvjvi AvjvK (ckgvjv mUi Lmov mshy) XvKv,
PMvg, ivRkvnx, Lyjbv, wmjU, ewikvj I iscyi wefvMi iwgUv mvjbKvix KwZcq evwYwRK evsKi wbevwPZ
56wU kvLvq miRwgb cwi`kb Kvhg cwiPvjbv Kiv ne| `wbK `yBwU kvLvq (50*2)=100 Rb myweavfvMxi
mvvZKvi MnY Kiv ne| G wnme GK wefvM 400 Rb Ki myweavfvMxi mvvZKvii gvag mvZwU wefvM
gvU (400*7)= 2800 Rb iwgUv myweavfvMxi mvvZKvi MnY Kiv ne| evsKi kvLv eevcKi Rb
GKwU c_K ckgvjvi AvjvK Zvì mvvrKvi MnYi gvag iwgUv weZiY I Av`vq mwKZ DjLhvM
mgmjv wPwZKiY Ges Zvi evewfwK mgvavbi Dcvq wbaviYi cqvm Pvjvbv ne| D cwi`kb Kvhg
ii c~e evQvBKZ evsK kvLvmg~ni cavb KvhvjqK kvLvi bvg I wVKvbvmn c ciY Kiv ne Ges mBmv_
mswk evsjv`k evsK nZI c ciY Kiv ne| KvVvgvMZ ckgvjvi AvjvK iwgUvi eenvi kxlK GKwU
enr myweavfvMxMvxi (2800 Rb) gZvgZ hvPvB Ki cevmx evsjv`kxì A_ wKfve eenvi Kiv nQ Zvi
GKwU my aviYv ARb Kiv ne Ges Zvì G A_K wefve Drcv`bkxj LvZ eenvi Kiv hvq m welqI
Zvì my gZvgZ Rvbv hve|
ZZxq chvq- Zdwmwj evsKmg~n _K cv Z_/Dcv, ckgvjvi AvjvK miRwgb cwi`kbi gvag msMnxZ
Z_/Dcv I weGgBwU _K cv Z_-Dcvi mg^q mywbw` wKQz mycvwikgvjvmn GKwU mgxv cwZe`b cYqb
Kiv ne| cwZe`bwU evsKi h_vh_ KZc KZK Abygv`bi ci Zv mKj Zdwmwj evsKi eevcbv
cwiPvjK/wbevnxMY Ges mswk Abvb Stake-holderì DcwwZZ GKwU mwgbvi Dcvcbi eev Kiv ne|
P~ov chvq- mwgbvi AskMnYKvixì cheYi AvjvK cwZe`b cqvRbxq mskvabi ci GKwU mywbw`
mycvwikgvjv cYqbc~eK Zv evsKi DaZb KZc eivei Dcvcb Kiv ne| cwZe`bwU P~ovfve Abygv`bi
ci Zv cavbgxi Kvhvjq/A_ gYvjqmn `ki mKj Zdwmwj evsKi cavb wbevnx eivei ciY Kiv ne|
cwZe`bi mycvwikgvjvi AvjvK Kvb vws KwgwU/bxwZ evevqb KwgwU MVb Kiv nj Zvi mvwPweK `vwqZ
evsjv`k evsKi MelYv wefvM cvjb KiZ cvi|
6. mgxvi mxgveZv t
`k iwgUv myweavfvMxi msLv cvq 70 j njI cwi`kb Uxg G vwWZ miRwgb cwi`kbi Rb aygv
2800 Rb ewi mivmwi mvvZKvi MnY Kiv ne| mnZz mvgwMKfve GwUK c~Yv Representative Sample
ejv bv MjI mgq I wewZi weePbvq GwUKB MnYhvM gvbi wnme weePbv Kiv ne| Kvb cwZvb
evcKwfwK KfviR w`q wecyj mgq wbqvMi gvag AviI evcK Rwic KvR cwiPvjbv Kivi myhvM iqQ|
miRwgb cwi`kbi gvag cv Z_/Dcvi AvjvK GKwU mgxv cwZe`b cYqb Ges m j mycvwikgvjv
cZ Kiv njI Zv `ki mKj Aj mgfve chvR nevi mvebv Kg _vKvq GwUK G vwWi mxgveZv
III
wnme `Lv hZ cvi| Door to door ev evwo evwo wMq evcK wfwK Questionaire Gi gvag eQievcx
mgq w`Z bv cvivI vwWi mxgveZv wnme _vKQ|
7. mgxv Uxg t
AvjvP mgxv cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb MelYv wefvMi wbgv 5(cuvP) KgKZvi mg^q GKwU mgxv Uxg MVb Kiv
nqQ t
KgKZvì bvg
1| Rbve gvt Avyj AvDqvj miKvi
2| wmivRyj Bmjvg
3| gvt mvbvDjvn ZvjyK`vi
4| gvt bvwRgyj Avwid miKvi
5| gvt hyeivR nvmb
cèx
Dc gnveevcK
hyM cwiPvjK
Dc cwiPvjK
mnKvix cwiPvjK
wUg `vwqZ
AvnvqK
m`m
8. wefvMwfwK wevwiZ cwi`kb Kgm~wP t
ZvwiL
iweevi 13-02-2011
mvgevi 14-02-2011
mgq
mKvj10:30
`ycyi 12:00
weKvj 3:00
gjevi 15-02-2011
H
eyaevi 16-02-2011
H
enwZevi 17-02-2011
mKvj10:30
weKvj 3:00
mKvj10:30
weKvj 3:00
mKvj10:30
weKvj 5:00
evi 18-02-2011
mKvj10:30
ZvwiL
mvgevi 21-02-2011
gjevi 22-02-2011
mgq
mKvj 10:30
(K) PMvg wefvM

KvR
XvKv nZ PMvg iIqvbv
PMvg gnvbMixZ AewZ mKj evsKi cavbì
wbq evsjv`k evsKi mjb K mfvi
AvqvRb|
ge
1.mfvq A_bwZK Dc`v gnv`q
cavb AwZw_ wnme DcwZ
_vKeb| evsjv`k evsK PMvg
Awdmi gnveevcK gnv`q D
mfv AvqvRbi hveZxq eev MnY
Kieb| (PMvg evsK cavbìK
mfvq AskMnYi Rb c ciY,
cvIqvi cqU cRUkb Gi Rb
gvw wgwWqvi eev Kiv Ges
Avcvqbi eev Kiv BZvw`)|
evK evsK wjt Gi AvMvev` kvLvq iwgUv

myweavfvMxì mvvZKvi MnY|
mvbvjx evsK wjt Gi AvMvev` kvLvq iwgUv
Bmjvgx evsK evsjv`k wjt Gi AvMvev` kvLvq
iwgUv myweavfvMxì mvvZKvi MnY|
AMYx evsK wjt Gi AvMvev` kvLvq iwgUv
RbZv evsK wjt Gi AvMvev` kvLvq iwgUv
bvkbvj evsK wjt Gi AvMvev` kvLvq iwgUv
cvBg evsK wjt Gi AvMvev` kvLvq iwgUv
Bmjvgx evsK evsjv`k wjt Gi KevRvi kvLvq
PMvg nZ XvKvi Dk iIqvbv
(L) ewikvj wefvM

KvR
XvKv nZ ewikvj iIqvbv
ewikvj wefvM AewZ mKj evsKi cavbì wbq
evsjv`k evsKi mjb K mfvi AvqvRb|
ge
1. mfvq A_bwZK Dc`v gnv`q
cavb AwZw_ wnme DcwZ _vKeb|
evsjv`k evsK ewikvj Awdmi
IV
ZvwiL
mgq
KvR
ge
gnveevcK gnv`q D mfv
AvqvRbi hveZxq eev MnY
Kieb|(ewikvj evsK cavbìK
eyaevi 23-02-2011
H
enwZevi24-02-2011
`ycyi 12:00
Bmjvgx evsK evsjv`k wjt Gi ewikvj kvLvq

weKvj 3:00
mvbvjx evsK wjt Gi ewikvj kvLvq iwgUv

Gwe evsK wjt Gi ewikvj kvLvq iwgUv
AMYx evsK wjt Gi ewikvj kvLvq iwgUv
RbZv evsK wjt Gi ewikvj kvLvq iwgUv
bvkbvj evsK wjt Gi ewikvj kvLvq iwgUv
ewikvj nZ XvKvi Dk iIqvbv
mKvj10:30
weKvj 3:00
mKvj10:30
weKvj 3:00
evi 25-02-2011
mKvj10:30
ZvwiL
iweevi 27-02-2011
mvgevi 28-02-2011
gjevi 01-03-2011
H
eyaevi 02-03-2011
H
enwZevi 03-03-2011
mgq
mKvj10:30
(M) wmjU wefvM

KvR
XvKv nZ wmjU iIqvbv
wmjU wefvM AewZ mKj evsKi cavbì wbq
`ycyi 12:00
Bmjvgx evsK evsjv`k wjt Gi wmjU kvLvq

weKvj 3:00
mvbvjx evsK wjt Gi wmjU kvLvq iwgUv

Bmjvgx evsK evsjv`k wjt Gi AvîLvbv kvLvq
AMYx evsK wjt Gi wmjU kvLvq iwgUv
RbZv evsK wjt Gi AvîLvbv kvLvq iwgUv
bvkbvj evsK wjt Gi wmjU jvj`xwN kvLvq
cvBg evsK wjt Gi AvîLvbv kvLvq iwgUv
evK evsK wjt Gi wmjU AvîLvbv kvLvq iwgUv
wmjU nZ XvKvi Dk iIqvbv
mKvj10:30
weKvj 3:00
mKvj10:30
weKvj 3:00
mKvj10:30
weKvj 3:00
evi 04-03-2011
mKvj10:30
ge
_vKeb| evsjv`k evsK wmjU
Kieb| (wmjU evsK cavbìK
ZvwiL
iweevi 06-03-2011
mvgevi 07-03-2011
gjevi 08-03-2011
H
eyaevi 09-03-2011
H
enwZevi 10-03-2011
mgq
mKvj 10:30
Bmjvgx evsK evsjv`k wjt Gi ivRkvnx kvLvq

weKvj 3:00
mvbvjx evsK wjt Gi ivRkvnx kvLvq iwgUv

cvBg evsK wjt Gi ivRkvnx kvLvq iwgUv
evK evsK wjt Gi ivRkvnx kvLvq iwgUv
RbZv evsK wjt Gi eov kvLvq iwgUv
bvkbvj evsK wjt Gi eov kvLvq iwgUv
Bmjvgx evsK evsjv`k wjt Gi eov kvLvq
AMYx evsK wjt Gi eov kvLvq iwgUv
eov nZ XvKvi Dk iIqvbv
mKvj10:30
weKvj 3:00
mKvj10:30
weKvj 3:00
mKvj10:30
weKvj 3:00
evi 11-03-2011
mKvj10:30
iweevi 13-03-2011
mvgevi 14-03-2011
gjevi 15-03-2011
H
eyaevi 16-03-2011
H
XvKv nZ ivRkvnx iIqvbv

ivRkvnx gnvbMixZ AewZ mKj evsKi cavbì
AvqvRb|
`ycyi 12:00
ZvwiL
(N) ivRkvnx wefvM

KvR
mgq
mKvj10:30
(O) Lyjbv wefvM

KvR
XvKv nZ Lyjbv iIqvbv
Lyjbv wefvM AewZ mKj evsKi cavbì wbq
`ycyi 12:00
Bmjvgx evsK evsjv`k wjt Gi Lyjbv kvLvq

weKvj 3:00
mvbvjx evsK wjt Gi Lyjbv kvLvq iwgUv

Gwe evsK wjt Gi Lyjbv kvLvq iwgUv
AMYx evsK wjt Gi Lyjbv kvLvq iwgUv
RbZv evsK wjt Gi Lyjbv kvLvq iwgUv
bvkbvj evsK wjt Gi Lyjbv kvLvq iwgUv
mKvj10:30
weKvj 3:00
mKvj10:30
weKvj 3:00
ge
_vKeb| evsjv`k evsK ivRkvnx
Kieb|
(ivRkvnx
evsK
cavbìK mfvq AskMnYi Rb
c ciY, cvIqvi cqU cRUkb
Gi Rb gvw wgwWqvi eev Kiv
Ges Avcvqbi eev Kiv BZvw`)|
ge
_vKeb| evsjv`k evsK Lyjbv
Kieb| (Lyjbv evsK cavbìK
VI
ZvwiL
enwZevi 17-03-2011
mgq
mKvj10:30
weKvj 3:00
evi 18-03-2011
mKvj10:30
ZvwiL
iweevi 20-03-2011
mvgevi 21-03-2011
gjevi 22-03-2011
H
eyaevi 23-03-2011
H
enwZevi24-03-2011
mgq
mKvj10:30
weKvj 3:00
mvbvjx evsK wjt Gi iscyi kvLvq iwgUv

Bmjvgx evsK evsjv`k wjt Gi Mvwe`M kvLvq
AMYx evsK wjt Gi iscyi kvLvq iwgUv
RbZv evsK wjt Gi iscyi kvLvq iwgUv
bvkbvj evsK wjt Gi iscyi kvLvq iwgUv
cvBg evsK wjt Gi iscyi kvLvq iwgUv
evK evsK wjt Gi iscyi kvLvq iwgUv
iscyi nZ XvKvi Dk iIqvbv
mKvj10:30
weKvj 3:00
mKvj10:30
weKvj 3:00
mKvj10:30
evi 25-03-2011
mKvj10:30
XvKv nZ iscyi iIqvbv

iscyi wefvM AewZ mKj evsKi cavbì wbq
Bmjvgx evsK evsjv`k wjt Gi iscyi kvLvq

weKvj 3:00
ZvwiL
(P) iscyi wefvM

KvR
`ycyi 12:00
iweevi 27-03-2011
mvgevi 28-03-2011
KvR
mgq
ge

cvBg evsK wjt Gi Lyjbv kvLvq iwgUv
evK evsK wjt Gi Lyjbv kvLvq iwgUv
Lyjbv nZ XvKvi Dk iIqvbv
(Q) XvKv wefvM

KvR
mKvj10:30
XvKv gnvbMixZ AewZ mKj evsKi cavbì

AvqvRb|
`ycyi 12:00
Bmjvgx evsK evsjv`k wjt Gi gwZwSj Awdm

weKvj 3:00
mvbvjx evsK wjt Gi IqRAvbvm kvLvq iwgUv
ge
_vKeb| evsjv`k evsK iscyi
Kieb| (iscyi evsK cavbìK
ge
_vKeb| evsjv`k evsK MelYv
wefvMi gnveevcK gnv`q D
Kieb| (XvKv evsK cavbìK
VII
ZvwiL
gjevi 29-03-2011
H
eyaevi 30-03-2011
H
enwZevi31-03-2011
H
mgq
mKvj10:30
weKvj 3:00
mKvj10:30
weKvj 3:00
mKvj10:30
weKvj 3:00
KvR
ge

Bmjvgx evsK evsjv`k wjt Gi bvivqYM kvLvq
AMYx evsK wjt Gi cvMvjv kvLvq iwgUv
RbZv evsK wjt Gi jvKvj Awdm kvLvq iwgUv
bvkbvj evsK wjt Gi w`jKzkv kvLvq iwgUv
cvBg evsK wjt Gi gwZwSj kvLvq iwgUv
evK evsK wjt Gi gMevRvi kvLvq iwgUv
9. vwWi mgqKvji mswmvi t

KvR
1. Zdwmwj evsKmg~n _K iwgUv myweavfvMxi
Dci cqvRbxq Z_/Dcv msMn|
2. TOR cYqb I Abygv`b
3. gvV chvqi cwi`kb Kgm~wP evevqb
4. vwW cwZe`b Zwi
5. wicvU Dcvcb
6. evsjv`k evsK mwgbvii AvqvRb Ges
wicvU eB AvKvi euvavBqi eevKiY
7. cavbgxi mwPevjq Ges A_ gYvjq wicvU
ciY
mgqmxgv
01/09/2010 _K 23/10/2010 ch wicvUi c_g
chvqi KvR mv`b Kiv nqQ|
26/12/2010 ZvwiL _K 30/01/2011 ZvwiL ch|
14/02/2011 ZvwiL _K 31/03/2011 ZvwiL ch|
03/04/2011 ZvwiL _K 10/05/2011 ZvwiL ch|
31/05/2011 ZvwiL|
15/06/2011 ZvwiLi ga
30/06/2011 ZvwiLi ga
10. vwWi Rb AvbylwK eq t

1. XvKv, PMvg, ivRkvnx, Lyjbv, wmjU, ewikvj I iscyi wefvMi evsK KgKZvì wbq evsjv`k evsKi
mjb K AbywZe AvjvPbv mfvi eq mswk evsjv`k evsKi kvLv Awdm enb Kie| AvjvP
vwWi Kvhg cwiPvjbvi j hvZvqvZi Rb wbavwiZ Kvb hvbevnbi eev bv _vKvq cqvRbxq
jwRwK mvcvU/Avw_K myweav wbwZ Kiv AvekK| G j gvV chvqi KvRi mgq mgxv Uxgi
m`mì wewfb Aj hvIqv Avmv eve` mvweK Avw_K myweavwì welq Uxgi m`mMY evsKi cPwjZ
wbqgvbyhvqx hvZvqvZ I Aevb fvZv cvc neb|
2. mgxv msv KvR eenvii Rb 1wU (GK) jvcUc Kgb mvwfm wWcvUgU Riwi wfwZ mieivn
Kie Ges hveZxq gwbnvix èvw` GcwPvi gvbRgU wWcvUgUi Ro mvgMx I gwbnvix kvLv
mieivn Kie|
VIII
cwiwk-3
MelYv wefvM
evsjv`k evsK
cavb Kvhvjq
XvKv|
wbevnx cavbì Rb ckgvjv
welq t evsjv`k iwgUvi eenvi kxlK vwW I gvVchvq Rwic cwiPvjbv cm
1. evsKi bvg t
2. gvU kvLvi msLv t
3. Z_/ Dcv ciYKvixi bvg t
cèx t
wVKvbv t
dvb bs t
4. Avcbvi evsKi mv_ KZjv e`wkK GP nvDR/wjqvRuv Awdm/evsK/gvwb Pvi BZvwì mv_
cviwiK mK iqQ ? Gi wevwiZ weeiY, bvg I wVKvbv c`vb Kib|
5. iwgUv myzfve AvniYi Rb we`k Avcbvi evsKi Kvb kvLv AvQ wKbv? _vKj Zvi wevwiZ
weeiY w`b|
6. Avcbvi evsKi gvag iwgUv mvjbi Rb we`k Kvb evsK KgKZv wbqvM Kiv nqQ wKbv?
hw` wbqvM Kiv nq _vK Zvnj Zvì bvg, wVKvbv I `ki bvg DjL Kib|
7. iwgUv AvniYi cevmx evsjv`kxì wbKU wK cwigvY wd PvR Kiv nq? A_vr 100 Wjvii
iwgUv `k cuQvbvi Rb KZ Wjvi PvR bqv nq? wewfb `k-wfwK PvR DjL Kib|
8. cevmx evsjv`kxì PvKwi wbq we`k hvIqvi cvvj Avcbvi evsK Kvb Avw_K mnvqZv Ki wK?
hw` Ki _vK Zvnj cKi wevwiZ DjL Kib|
9. iwgUv AvniYKvix cevmx evsjv`kxì cwievieMi Rb Kvb dvBbvws xg (any special
benefitscheme/bankingservice) AvQ wK? _vKj wevwiZ DjL Kib|
10. we`k _K iwgUv AvniYi Avcbvi evsK wK wK mgmvi myLxb nq?
11. iwgUv Aviv `ZZg mgq myweavfvMxi wbKU ciYi Rb Avi wK wK eev bqv hvq?
12. iwgUvi cv A_ wKfve Drcv`bkxj KgKv wbqvwRZ Kiv hvq m evcvi Avcbvi
civgk/AwfgZ DjL Kib|
IX
cwiwk-4
wefvM...............................
MelYv wefvM
evsjv`k evsK
cavb Kvhvjq, XvKv|
kvLv eevcKi Rb ckgvjv
evsKi bvg t
kvLvi bvg t
kvLv eevcKi bvg t
wVKvbv t
dvb bî t
1. Avcbvi kvLv KZK gvm wK cwigvY iwgUv weZiY Kiv nq?
Dt---------------------------------------UvKv|
2. Avcbvi kvLvi gvag Kvb& `ki iwgUv ewk weZiY Kiv nq? (`ki bvg wjLyb)
Dt Gwkqv-------------------- /BDivc---------------------/AvwdKv------------------/ Di
AvgwiKv------------------/`wY AvgwiKv----------------/Awjqv--------------|
3. iwgUv myweavfvMxi nvZ cuQvZ KZ mgq jvM?
Dt --------------w`b|
4. Avcwb Kx gb Kib GB mgq ewk/Kg?
Dt ewk/Kg
5. ewk nj wKfve GB mgq Kgvbv hvq ej Avcwb gb Kib?
Dt---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. Avcbvi kvLvq iwgUv Avbqb Kvb Kvb BUygU/ gvag eeZ nq?
Dt gvevBj/IqvY BDwbqb/we`kx GP nvDR/Abvb--------------------------------|
7. Avcbvi kvLvq h mKj iwgUv myweavfvMx Avm Zviv Kvb& ckvi mv_ ewk RwoZ ej Avcbvi
gb nq?
Dt Kwl/eemv/PvKzwi/Abvb---------------8. iwgUv myweavfvMxiv Zvì GB A_ Kvb& Kvb& KvR LiP Ki ej Avcwb gb Kib?
Dt K) Lv` mvgMx qi Rb(Pvj/Wvj/Zj BZvw`)
L) FY cwikvai Rb
M) bZzb Ni-evwo Zwii Rb/ Rwg-dvU qi Rb
N) mqc q/evsK gqvw` AvgvbZ ivLvi Rb/kqvi gvKU wewbqvMi Rb
O) weevn I Abvb Abyvb AwZwi eqi gvag
P) we`k jvK cvVvbvi KvR eeZ|
9. iwgUv myweavfvMxiv `vjvj/ZZxq ci gvag UvKv bq wK bv?
Dt nuv/bv
9bs nuv nj Zviv Kviv? Dt
10. Avcbvi kvLvi gvag iwgUv ewi Rb Avcwb Kvb D`vM wbqQb wK-bv? hgb G Aji jvKRb
we`k hviv PvKzwi wbq hvb Zvì evcvi Avcbviv Kvb Lei ivLb wKbv, Avcbvi kvLv KZK ZvìK
Kvb Avw_K mnvqZv `qv nq wK-bv GRvZxq welqmg~n|
Dt nuv/bv|
X
11. cevmx MvnK mevi gZv Kvb W AvQ wKbv?
Dt nuv/bv|
12. cevmxìK wnmve Lvjvi evcvi Avcwb wK D`vM wbqQb?
Dt nuv/bv|
13. ewbwdwmqvixK U-Kvki cwieZ wnmve bîi gvag UvKv cvwZ Drmvng~jK wK c`c wbqQb?
Dt
14. wi fqvenZv mK mPZbZv ewi j wK Kgm~wP wbqQb?
Dt
15. we`k _K UvKv cvVvbvi cevmxìK wKfve civgk w`q _vKb?
Dt
XI
cwiwk-5
wefvM...............................
MelYv wefvM
evsjv`k evsK
cavb Kvhvjq, XvKv|
myweavfvMxi Rb ckgvjv
evsKi bvg t
kvLvi bvg t
myweavfvMxi bvg t
wVKvbv t
dvb bs t
K) ewMZ Z_ t
1. whwb we`k PvKwi wbq MQb wZwb Avcbvi wK nb ? wZwb Kvb `k MQb? wZwb jLvcov KZ`~i
KiQb? `k _vKvKvj Zvi ckv wK wQj ? wZwb wK weevwnZ bvwK AweevwnZ? weevwnZ nj Qjgq
KZRb? cwievi Zvi `vwqZ KZUzKz?
D t- K) evev/fvB/^vgx/Qj/ Abvb----------------- L) `ki bvg---------------M) AwkwZ/cg/Ag/GmGmwm/GBPGmwm/vZK/vZKvi N) PvKzwi/ eemv/ Kwl/ AbvbO) weevwnZ/AweevwnZ P) ----------- Rb Qj/--------- Rb gq
Q) fvB/evb
R) eo/gS/QvU
2. we`k Mgbi cvvj Zvi KZ UvKv LiP nqQ Ges m UvKv wKfve msMn KiQb ?
D t K) ---------------------- UvKv| L) (1) Rwg weq/eK iL (2) Mnbv weq Ki
3) FY MnY Ki (FYi myì nvi KZ?) (4) AvZxq-^Rb Gi wbKU nZ avi Ki (5) cevmi
AwRZ UvKv _K cwikva PzwZ
3. wZwb KZ eQi AvM we`k MQb ? GeviB c_g wK-bv? c~e Aviv Kvb `k wQjb wK-bv?
Dt K) ------ eQi
L) nuv/bv
M)
4. wZwb we`k hvIqvi AvM evsK GKvDU LyjQb? bv-wK we`k _K ci LyjQb ?
Dt we`k hvIqvi AvM/ we`k hvIqvi ci/ GKvDU bvB
L) iwgUvmsv Z_ t
1. wZwb eQi KZevi UvKv cvVvb ? 2010 mvj wZwb KZevi KZ UvKv cvwVqQb ?
Dt ----------------------------evi| --------------------------UvKv|
2. weMZ 5 eQi KZ UvKv cvwVqQb ?
Dt ----------------------UvKv|
3. wZwb wKfve UvKv cvVvb ?
Dt K) evsKi gvag
L) Ab Kvb gvag----- ew/ WvK wefvM/ w
4. UvKv cZ Kvb mgmvi myLxb nb wK-bv ?
Dt nuv/bv| nuv nj mgmvmg~n wPwZ Kib t ------------------------------
XII
M) iwgUvi A_ eenvimsv Z_ t
1. Avcwb h UvKv cvb Zv wK wK KvR LiP Kib ?
K) Lv` mvgMx qi Rb (Pvj/Wvj/Zj BZvw`)
L) Qjgq/fvBevbì wkvi Rb
M) Qjgq/fvBevbì weevni Rb
N) FY cwikvai Rb
O) bZzb Ni/evwo Zwii Rb
P) Rwg/dvU qi Rb
Q) cvBfU Kvi/gUi mvBKj/wmGbwR/wiv/fvb qi Rb
R) mqc qi Rb
S) evsK gqvw` AvgvbZ ivLvi Rb
T) kqvi gvKU wewbqvMi Rb
U) Ab KvDK my` FY c`vbi Rb
2. Avcbvi cwievii KD GB A_ w`q eemv i KiQ wK-bv ? i Kij wK aibi eemv ? h_ eemvq
UvKv LvUvbv nqQ wK-bv ?
Dt nuv/bv| nuv nj -----------------| Dt nuv/bv| nuv nj -----------------|
3. eemv cwiPvjbvi evsK _K FY bqv nqQ wK-bv? FY bqv nj wK kZ ( myì nvi) bqv
nqQ ?
Dt nuv/bv| nuv nj, myì nvi-----------------|
4. Kvb GbwRI _K FY MnY KiQb wK-bv ? Ki _vKj FYi kZ (myì nvi) Kgb ?
Dt nuv/bv| nuv nj, myì nvi-----------------|
5. GB A_ KviI wPwKrmvq eq nqQ wK-bv ?
Dt nuv/bv| nuv nj, UvKvi cwigvY----------------------------|
6. GB A_ msmvii KvDK weq `qvi Rb LiP Kiv nqQ wK-bv ?
7. cwiZ A_ Kvb gvgjv-gKgvi KvR eenvi nqQ wK-bv ?
8. cwiZ A_ Rwg q eenvi Kiv nq _vKj Kvi bvg Rwg Kbv nqQ ?
Dt nuv/bv| nuv nj, mK wK?---------------------------|
N) PvKzwimsv Z_ t
1. cwiZ UvKv w`q KviI PvKzwii eev Kiv nqQ wK-bv ?
2. GB UvKv w`q KvDK we`k ciY Kiv nqQ wK-bv ?
^vi....................................
ZvwiLt
XIII

Bangla Remitence Analysis

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eevsjv``k iwgUUvi eenvi

(W. gvtt AvLZvivggvb)

Dc gnveeevcK, MelYYv wefvM Ges

hyM cwiPvjK, MelYv wefvM Ges

(gvt mvbvDjvn Zvj

Dc cwiPPvjK, MelYv wefvM

wbevnx mvi-msc (Executive Summary)

c_g Aavq t evsjv`k iwgUvi eenvi kxlK vwW cwiPvjbvi iciLv

wZxq Aavq t iwgUv AvniY evsjv`ki f~wgKv

ZZxq Aavq t miRwgb cwi`kb Kvhgi gvag cv Z_/Dcvi weklY

cg Aavq t wevwiZ mycvwikgvjv

wbevnx mvi-msc (Executive Summary)

iwgUvi eenvi kxlK G vwW cwiPvjbvi KviY

6 Avei 2011 ZvwiL mgxv `j BMET'i mv_ AvjvPbvq wgwjZ nq|

gvt Avyj AvDqvj miKvi

iwgUvmsv Abvb vwW cwZe`b chvjvPbv (Literature Review)

AMvbvBRkb di gvBMkb (AvBIGg) Gi cwiPvwjZ The Bangladesh Household Remittance

IOM, The Bangladesh Household Remittance Survey, (2009).

mdj evevqb me ne|

Khawaja A. Mamun, Hiranya K. Nath, Spring (2010): Journal of Business Strategies

(wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi)

(wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi)

iwgUvi Drm- (`kwfwK chvjvPbv)

(wgwjqb gvwKb Wjvi)

iwgUv AvniY evsKmg~ni Ae`vb I MnxZe c`cmg~n

emiKvwi evwYwRK evsKmg~n

(wgwjqb gvwKb Wjvi)

2.9 iwgUv AvniY evwYwRK evsKi c_K c_K Ae`vb

mvbvjx evsK wjt

RbZv evsK wjt

AMYx evsK wjt

icvjx evsK wjt

evsjv`k Kwl evsK

XvKv evsK wjt

hgybv evsK wjt

Gbwmwm evsK wjt

c~evjx evsK wjt

kvn&Rvjvj Bmjvgx evsK

AvBwmwe BmjvwgK evsK

cvBfU evwYwRK evsKmg~n

m~ t e`wkK gy`v bxwZ wefvM, evsjv`k evsK|

evsK KZK MnxZ c`c

2.11 evsjv`k evsK/evwYwRK evsKmg~ni MnxZe c`cmg~n

K) Rbkw, Kgmsvb I cwkY eyiv (weGgBwU)-Gi f~wgKv

L) evsjv`k IfvimxR GgcqgU G mvwfmm wjwgUW (evqmj)-Gi f~wgKv

cyivZb wbqvMKZvi wbKU _K Rbkwi Pvwn`v msMn Kiv;

2.16 miKvi KZK MnxZe c`cmg~n

M) evsjv`k Gmvwmqkb Ae BUvibvkbvj wizwUs GRx (evqiv)-Gi f~wgKv/Kvhg

*12 Ministry of Expatriates & Welfare, Bangladesh.

mviwY-9 t we`k cwZwbwa AvQ Ggb evsKi ZvwjKv

evsK KZK c` Di/ gZvgZ

evsK KZK c` Di/ gZvgZ

Abvb evsKi we`k

hyivR 1wU I KvbvWvq 1wUmn gvU 2wU GP nvDR AvQ|

evsK KZK c` Di/ gZvgZ

evK evsK wjt

Iqvb evsK wjt

wmwU evsK Gb,

Gwe evsK wjt

2.23 evsKmg~ni iwgUv Wwjfvix wmgi mgmv weklY

2.24 iwgUv Wwjfvix wmg Dbqb MnxZe c`cmg~n

gRywiii mv_ cevmxi

welqqwU AbyjLhvvM| A` kwgKi