SRR ULC oN : A e A mT a — | — f — ena s, ee Dy alo ) = ==1 Assignment abroad 2 Military service 0 3 Humanitarian assistance 16 4 Boots on the ground 22 5 Leaders and leadership 28 6 Exercise Gallant Eagle en 7 Royal Engineers 8 Media operations 48 9 Desert Storm 54 10 =~ Working group 60 11 Special Air Service 66 12 Multinational coalition Answer key Listening script °0Assignment abroad glossary Postings Task 1 Translate. accompanied tour (n) fakamp(a)nid tu9/ A tour of duty where family members travel with a service member. activation (n) /ektiveifn/ Orders to report for active duty. augmentee (n) /:gmenti/ A person temporarily attacked to a headquarters during exercises, ‘operations and other emergencies. contingency establishment (n) /kon'unds(a)nsi rstaeblifmant/ The personnel and equipment in a unit at full strength, home station (n) fhaum ‘stenfrd The permanent location of @ military nit inprocessing (n) /inprasesin/ The system for registering service members arriving al a new duly station, orientation briefing (n) /orion'texfn ‘ris ny A briefing for service members arriving at a new duty station. rotation (n) /router{n/ Another word for four of duty. subsistence allowance (n) /sabsistans alavens/ Morey paid £0 cover the cost of meals and other expenses. temporary duty assignment (TDY) (n) /temp(a)rori‘djusti a'sannmant/ A short-term ‘assignment ateay from z service member's normal duty station. unaccompanied tour (n) /anakampanid toa/ A tour of duty where family menibers are not authorised to travel with a service member. Terms of service Task 2 Translate commissioned officer (n) /ksimr{nd ‘ofisa/ A service member who holds an official document issued by a government that sives him/her the authority to exercise command over a military unit court martial (n) /koxt'‘marfl/ A military court that tries people accused of breaking military law. decoration (n) dekateifn/ A medal or other award given 1o a service member to acknowledge bravery or achievement, enlisted ranks (in) Aniisttd raenks/ Those personnel who are not commissioned officers. Called ther ranks in the British military. fraternization (n) /fraetonarzeifn/ Prohibited relationships between officers and enlisted members outrank (v) fautraegh/ To hold a higher rank than another service member: performance report (n) /pafs:mons ripot/ A personnel report on a service member's achievements, character, conduct and, in some cases, prospects for promotion to higher vant, separation from the service (n) /sepaterfn from 00 s:vis/ Voluntary or involuntary discharge from the armed forces. time in grade (n) faim an grexd/ The amount of time that a service member has held a particular rank time in service (n) form in s:vuf/ The number of years or months thal a seroice member has served in the military.Alpha task complete the definitions. Use these words | cargo. flightplan manifest post-flight check pre-flight check 2 Adocument that includes all the details of a fight. light plan 2 Aninspection that is carried out before an aircrait takes off. 3. Aminspection that is carried out after an aircraft ands. occ 4 Supplies, vehicles and equipment transported on board an aircraft 5 Adocument with all the details of passengers and cargo carried on board an aircraft... Task 2 Complete the text. Use these words. assist brief check command maintain monitor | operate perform pilot review (2) supervise | Ceo eed Duties and responsibilities: Plans and prepares the mission. Files a flight plan and (1) briefs the crew. Ensures that pre-flight and post-flight checks are carried out. 2) vennnnnnmnnns tHE BitCraft ANG (3) ewnsnnnns the CFEW, Paroon cote tcl Duties and responsibilities: (4) .. mission, intelligence and weather Information. (6) ...ommnmnan the Pilot in preparing the flight plan and briefing the ‘crew, Navigates the aircraft. ESTE co es Duties and responsibilities: (6) won aircraft inspections and emergency maiNtenance. (7) oeennonnnnes ditcratt records. (8) engine controls 2AM 1D) oon nunnann aiferah systems. Parc Duties and responsibilities: (10) . the cargo manifest (11) escnnnnnnenn @iferaft loading, off loading and airdrOps. (12) wan passengers and troops against the manifest. Task3 Complete the text for you. Job description .... Duties and responsibilities: 1 Command sevens Ce son 3. Supervise .... :DPAVO task match ie words with the definitions. | squadron base commander air base-wing irforce base airbase | A Jarge air force unit that maintains and operates a base. air base wing An ait force installation that conducts air operations, on mnnnnnn An air force installation that does not conduct air operations. .... An air force unit with a total of 12 to 2¢ aircraft... anene An officer who commands an air base Wing. sun Task 2 Circle the correct form of the verbs. Now, to start the briefings this morning, let me say a few wards about the base, ‘The base is home to the 217th Aislift Wing. The Wing (1) (provides)! is providing aic transport for ground and air forces in the Pacific. At this moment, the strategic importance of the base (2) grows / is growing and we (3) currently fly [are currently ‘flying more missions than ever. In fact, right now, we (4) prepare / are preparing to deploy a medical team into Central Asia as part of a UN humanitarian assistance operation. I (5) believe / amt believing this is an exciting time to be stationed here, The base (6) has / is having excellent facilities for flyers, including a 10,000-foot main runway and a 9,000-foot altemate runway. We (7) also offer / are also offering excellent training and maintenance facilities as well as first-class medical facilities and accommodation, At this moment, we (8) have /are having approximately 2,500 military members permanently stationed here and more than 800 family members (9) live / are living on base. [n addition, we (10) are emplaying | ensploy more than 500 local civilians. At this point, let me mention that we (11) usually have / are usually having a barbecue every Friday: 1 (12) invite | am inviting you to come along to these events and meet your new colleagues. Now, I (13) hope / am hoping your stay with us is as rewarding for you as it will be for ws, but J want you to remember that while you (14) stay / are staying with us, you are representatives of your countries. So, | Jet me say a few words about customs and courtesies. First of all. Task3 Complete the text. Use the present simple or present continuous form of these verbs. | comprise consist of hope include understand want want wish 1(1) want to say a fore words about the 217th Airlift Wing. The Wing (2) four groups ~ operations, logistics, support and medical — and a headquarters element. The Wing (3) .ocwnemon three flying squadrons — the 2nd, 14th and 37st Airlift Squadrons ~ and al80 (4) o.oo aircraft maintenance and maintenance operations squadrons. NOW, 1(5) ovcsnnonnnne that YOU Probably (6) .oocnnninnn tO gO tO Work as soon as. possible, so I now (7) 1(8) « to introduce your next briefer, Major Lee. you enjoy your stay with vs.Charlie tasks complete the conversation. Use these words. doyouknow deyourind how do you say what about what kind where can Ifind where's the best place what about languages A. So, is this your first time in Incirlik? Yes itis. in fact, it's my first time in Turkey. (1) Do you mind if Lask you a couple of questions? A Notatall. Go ahead. B_ First of all, what's the nearest town to the base? A. Incirlik village — that’s just outside the base. 8 Uhhuh. And (2)... where I can buy some souvenirs? ‘A. Well, you can buy souvenirs on base but most people shop in the village - the prices are better. B_ Uhhuh. And what currency is used? ‘A. The local currency is the Turkish Lira but most shops accept dollars or euros. Bo And 3) ssmninnnnnnnnnnnnn to change money? A. Probably at the finance office on the base. B «) cards? Are credit cards accepted? A Inmost of the bigger shops, but you probably won't be able to use them in the market stalls. B 6) « wows? Is English spoken much there or will !have to lear Turkish to get by? A. You can get by in English with no problem but it’s a really good idea to learn a few words of Turkish B (6) ‘hello’ in Turkish? Well, you can greet people with ‘Nasilsinuz’ that’s ‘How are you?" Just ask any of the local staff at the base - they’tI be really happy to help you practise. B_ That's a good idea. And (7} of food do they serve at the base? A. Well, American food. The same typical chow you'll find on any US-run base. Uh hub. And @) ... ‘A You'll have to go off-base. They serve typical Turkish food in the locel restaurants. It’s really very good. . typical local food Task 2 Look at the conversation in Task 1 and write the questions the speaker uses to ask about the following. 1 local currency Where's the best place to change money? 2. places to shop 3 using credit cards 4 Janguages that people speak 5 food and restaurants ; ,General | of the | Air Force on Melta tax 1 complete the chart. Use these words. airman first class brigadier general captain chief master sergeant | | Tieutenant colonel Hewtenant generat master sergeant | General 1 Major 2 Colonel Major 4 First’ Second | Lieutenant General Lieutenant Lieutenant | General - co joo 08 06 6058) OM 02 SSSI LL PRU UC Se ce aa id Chiet Command First. = Fist Senior «First. «8 Technical Staff Master Ghief Sergeant. Sergeant Master Sergeant Sergeant Sergeant Sergeant Master ‘Secgeant ofthe Sergeant Air Force eo jes |e ET Ee ‘Senior Airman {Airman Bi Ee e4 Task 2 Join the sentences with and or but. 1a British Royal Air Force ranks include commissioned officers. b British Royal Air Force ranks include other ranks. British Royal Air Force ranks include commissioned officers and other ranks 2 a British officers are saluted as a sign of respect. b Officers are addressed as ‘sir’ or ‘ma’arn’ 3. a Other ranks include airmen, NCOs and Warrant Officers ~ the lowest rank is Aircraftman. b AllNCOs and warrant officers start out with this rank. 4 a Promotion for NCOs is different from officers - officers are normally commissioned directly. b NCOs must first serve in the ranks. 5a NCOs are divided into two categories. Corporals are Junior NCOs ~ or JNCOs. b Sergeants, Chief Technicians and Flight Sergeants are Senior NCOs - of SNCOs. 6 a Warrant Officers are often included in the category of Senior NCO. b_ Warrant Officers actually form a separate class of their own. 7 a Senior NCOs and Warrant Officers have their own messes. b Junior NCOs live and eat with the junior ranks.listening Task 1 |11@ Listen to the first part of an orientation briefing and tick the topics the briefer talks about. The mission of the airlift wing Personnel stationed at the base Local customs Units stationed at the base Types of aircraft Task 2 1) @ Listen again and complete the notes, Orientation briefing by (2) smmunrnminn McChord Air Force Base : — provide (8) tactical and StrQdCGtC ummunuunnucnin » 1M ss fect iadron, equipped with (7) dron, equipped with (9) snaimenance contraclors Task 3 |2) & Listen to the rest of the briefing and write true or false 1 The 62d Wing was first established in 1991 2 The Wing is assigned to the 15th Air Force. 3. Operation Just Cause involved airdrop and airlift operations in the Persian Gulf. 4 Operation Desert Shield took place in 1990. Operation Joint Endeavor was a humanitarian assistance mission in the PhIlIppines. ooo ssn Now listen to track 2 again and correct the false statements, a recla aC glossary Military service Task 1 Translate. cohesion (n) /kavthi:sn/ Being united and working well together. conscript (n) fkonsknipt/ A person who joins the armed forces because they are forced to, not because they want to, conscription (n) /kon'sknpfn/ A system where young people join the military because they are forced to by law, Also called national service. enlist (v) Anitist/ To join the armed forces as a volunteer. get out (v) /get avx/ To leave the military. individual rotation (n) /indrvidgual rauter{n/ A system where a unit stays in theatre for the duration of a mission or campaign and personnel move into and out of the unit. Often referred {0 as trickle posting in the British Army. join up (v) /ds0m apf Another word for enlist leave (n) fiv/ A period of holiday or vacation or time off work. operational deployment (n) joporei{nat diplomani/ A deployment to an area of operations where combat is a real possibility. Also called operational service or active service. posted away (adj) /paustrd ower/ When a service meniber is assigned to another unit, away from hisiher regular wnit. professional army (n) /profefnal ‘omi/ Art army where all of the service members are volunteers put in (v) /pot in/ To make am application for a course or for promotion. readiness (n) /redinas/ Being ready to do something. reenlist (v) /rianhst/ Continue in the military when your first contract is over. regular (n) /regjulaf A full-tine, volunteer soldier in a professional army, regular army (0) /regjula ‘omi/ Another word for professional army. rotate (v) /rautert/ To complete a lour of duty and move on to the next one. sign on (v) /sain on/ To sign a contract with the military. stay on (v) /ste1 on/ Another word for reenlst unit rotation (n) /ju:nut routerfn/ A systent where an entire unit moves to a theatre, completes its tour of duly and returns home. Often referred to as the regimental system int the British Army. volunteer (n) {volontio/ A person who joins the armed forces because they want to. Task 2 Write the verbs for these nouns. 1 enlistment 2 reenlistment 3. rotation 4 volunieer Mittary service 10alpha Task 1 Complete the chart with the past continuous or the past simple. We use the ... to. 1 past simple tense talk about things that happened at a definite time in the past. 2 commune tense | talk about actions and events happening around a particular time in the past. 3 tense | talk about regular actions or habits in the past. vonne tense | give background information and talk about temporary situations in the past Task 2 Complete the conversation. Use the verbs in brackets in the past simple or past continuous. A. So what about you, Peter. Why did you join the Army? B_ Well, it's a Jong story. [ (1) left (leave) school at eighteen and I Oe (go) straight 1o university. Anyway, while I @) oo (Std), [(4) oo. eocennens (join) something called the Officer Training Corps. This is like being a part-time soldier while you are at university. (5). vo (have) one evening of military training every week and a fifteen-day camp in the summer. This was my first contact with the military and the truth is really (6) «oo. (€njoy) it, There was a really good social life and almost every weekend I (7). oe (go away) to do adventure training. Anyway, when I (8). vo» Qeave) university E(9) cnncssnnun (take) a job in a bank, At first, it was quite interesting. 1 (10)... (learn) lots of new things when T (11) see (start), But then, after about six months behind a desk, (12). (decide) I wanted a more exciting and physical career. {thought about a lot of options and couldn't | make a decision. Then, one day I (13) swsmenees (Watch) this television program about the British to the Army Careers Office and six months later I (15) (do) officer training at Sandhurst. | Army and [ suddenly thought ‘What about the Army?’ The next day, I (14) ... sue (go) down Task 3 Read the text in Task 2 again and write true or false. 1 Peter did military training while he was a student at university. true 2. He didn’t like the Officer Training Corps, 3. He worked in a bank before he joined the army... 4 He joined the Army as soon as he left university.DFAWO task t Match these words with the definitions. getout joinup putinfor signon stay on Another word for enlist. join up To sign a contract with the military. 1 2 3. Tomake an application for a course or for promotion. 4 Tocontinve in the military when your first contract is over. 5 To leave the military. Task 2 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the verbs in Task 1. ‘A How old were you when you (1) joined up? B_ Lwas 18. [joined as soon as I left school ‘A And how long did you (2) for? B Well, [signed a contract for 22 years, but this month I'll complete four years service and that means I can (3) if Lwant to A Andate you going to (4) ? B_ Yes, definitely. I've (5) officer training, Task 3 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. In some cases you can use both the present perfect and present perfect continuous. UNOR News! By 2 Lt Lars Svensson Nol; Cal urkish Army Sergeant Hasan Gunay is assigned to the Turkish Battle Group (BG), located in Lowbridge. Hasan's tour of duty wich the multinational brigade is for 12 months and he (1) has been (be) here for six months now. Hasan is commander of a ‘skurat’ — a unit of 20 soldiers - but he is also a gifted linguist. He speaks six languages, including English, French, Arabic and Spanish and his skills as a Jinguise (2) (make) him very popular. “My main responsibilicy is for security ac the front gate’ he explains ‘bur almost every day since 1 gor here, my captain 3) (send) me co work as an interpreter or ccanslator. For example, since che beginning of this month, } (4) (work) at che Multinational Brigade HQ as an interpreter.’ Hasan first discovered his calent for languages when he was at school. He learn English and French at school but he (5) (lean) Arabic and Spanish by talking with friends. ‘I (6) ‘opportunity to practise.’ (never actually + study) Acabic’ he said but J (7) .nsnsonnssinnnns (take) every The Turkish Barclegroup is collocated with a Japanese medical team and Hasan (8) ... (learn) Japanese since he arrived here. ‘I can'c understand written Japanese ~ that’s very, very difficule! he said "bur I (9) (practise) every day with the Japanese medics and now I can have a simple conversation.” C=:Ghar hie task1 complete the conversation. Use these words. annoys best hate stand thing A. Ican’tbelieve it, What a morning! What's the problem? ‘A. Transport Section again. They told us to assemble in the car park at 0700 hrs but the trucks didn’t arrive until 1130! Hurry up and wait! It’s one of the things that really (1) anvoys me about the military. B Yeah, well, I've spent all moming filling out forms. Yesterday, one of the lads in B Company accidentally ran over a dog, It’s the one thing I can’t (2) about this job — all the paperwork. ‘A. suppose you're right but what I really (3) is all the time we seem to spend waiting around. You know the lads are getting bored. We're going to have to invent something to keep them busy. 8 What about a short field exercise? Getting out in the field is what they like @) A. Yeah. That's a good idea and the best (5) about this place is the facilities. We've got the divisional training centre just J0 miles away. We could run a field exercise there next weekend. Task 2 Circle the stronger sentence. 1 @) It’s the one thing I can’t stand about this job. b Its the one thing I don’t like about this job. 2 a What I hate is all the time we seem to spend waiting around. What I really hate is all the time we seem to spend waiting around 3. a What annoys me is all the forms you have to fill in b What I can’t stand is filling in all those forms. 4 a Getting out in the field is what they like best b They like getting out in the field 5 a Thebest thing about this place is the facilities. One of the best things about this place is the facilities. Celta tasks mater the words with their synonyms. 1 conscription —— 2 national service; conscription-based military 2. individual rotation b regular army; all-volunteer army 3. professional army ¢ the regimental system 4 unit rotation trickle posting » (EIS:listening 14 Task2 Complete the sentences. Use these words. | although despit however (x2) whereas 1 Although professional military forces are often the best solution for large or rich countries, this option is not necessarily the best solution for smaller countries. 2. Many countries are capable of fielding very large conscription-based armies, ._, these same countries might only be able to afford a very ‘small professional military. 3. Conscript soldiers will accept a low salary or no salary at all, n= regular soldiers will demand salaries equivalent to the commercial world. 4 Many countries with fully professional armed forces have problems getting, soldiers to reenlist.. benefits like high salaries, generous Pensions and reduced charges for accommodation, 5 Conscripts are always available for service because they get little leave. Regular SOIFIENS, save _ require longer leave periods and will often be away on training courses. Task 1 91 Listen to a talk and tick the correct column. Conscription around the world India ireland United Kingdom Argentina |Task 2 1) @ Listen again and write true or false. 1 India has never had military service. 2 Of the countries mentioned, the United Kingdom was the last to stop conscription, 3 In France conscription was abolished in 1994. Of the countries mentioned, Singapore has the longest period of compulsory military service. 5. In Austria, Finland and Norway military service lasts for six months. 6 In Denmark, young men can elect to do non-military service, - 7 In Finland, non-military service is six months. 8 Malaysia has compulsory military service for both men and women. Task 3 Put the paragraphs in order. [_] twas three years ago and I was a liaison officer in a multinational peacekeeping, operation. The security situation was bad and getting worse and we had instructions to carry a personal weapon at all times. [J My Co was vesy angry and told me that he was going to take the money out of, my pay cheque. One day I was jogging on a track near the village next to our camp. Suddenly this dog came out of nowhere and started chasing me. Anyway, in the end Thad to shoot it Probably one of the most frightening experiences I’ve ever had in the military was a confrontation with a dog, [| Well, the next day the local village chief made a complaint, and in the end my unit had to pay about $1,000 to the owners of the dog, (0) @ Naw listen to the story and check your answers. Task 4 141 Listen again and circle the correct statements. 1 When he went jogging, the officer... a used to carry a pistol left his pistol at the camp. 2 Before he shat the dog, the officer a tried to run away from the dog, b tried to defend himself with a stick. 3 Inthe end, the officer a had to pay the $1,000 out of his own packet. b had to do extra duties for a month. 4 After the incident, the officer a stopped running outside the camp. b stopped carrying his pistol when he went jogging, 15TUE CU CESS SLC glossary Natural disasters Task 1 Translate. earthquake (n) /s:Okwerk/ A sudden movement of the ground that can cause serious damage. famine (n) /faemin/ A serious, long-term lack of food that causes illness and death. flood (n) /iad/ A disaster caused by water covering an area, hurricane (n) /hantkon/ A violent storm zoith heavy rain and strong winds. landslide (n) flacndslaid/ Where a large quantity of earth or rocks falls down a sleep slope. natural disaster (n) fnzt|(o)rol dézarsto/ An event not produced or caused by people that causes wide-scale damage, often resulting in deaths and mass casualties. tsunami (n) Asvina:mi/ A very large wave that causes serious damage lo coastal areas. Humanitarian/disaster relief operations Task 2 Translate. aid distribution (n) fetd disin’bjurfn/ The delivery of food, medicines, blankets and other emergency supplies to people in need. ‘aid worker (n) /etd ‘wa:ka/ Someone who works for a1 international organisation or non governmental organisation and gives help to people in need. Also called relief worker. casualty estimate (n) /kazgualti ‘estyment/ A calculation of the number of dead and seriously injured based on the information available civil-military cooperation (n) /sivl ‘mrlit(o)ri Koyopatresfrd Coordination and cooperation between the military and civilian agencies, including the local authorities, international organisations and non-governmental organisations. disaster relief (n) /Arzassta etlisf/ The organised response to save life, limit damage and restore essential services after n disaster. emergency medical assistance (n) /mardato)nsi 'medikd s'sist(a)ns/ Providing essential ‘medical services. food distribution point (n) /fuzd distmrbjurfn pomy A place where food aid is distributed to the local population, humanitarian assistance (n) /hju;maeniteorion a'sist(a)ns/ Humanitarian support provided by a military force that és deployed 10 conduct combat or security operations. humanitarian emergency (0) /hju:manfteacion ¢rma:d3(a)nsi/ A situation where the civilian population is in a very bad condition and where the loccl government is not able o dent ith the problem on their own. Also called humanitarian disaster. humanitarian situation (n) fhjusmenriearian sit|uiexfn/ The situation with regard to public health, food, clean water, medicines and essential public services. international organisations (n) /intonaeJn(2)1 o:gawarzei[ns/ Organisations which work int ‘more than one country and are set up by agreements between governments. long-term food aid (n) flogts:m fu:d exd/ Providing food for the local population for a tong time in the future non-governmental organisations /non gavonmant] o:gonarzenfns/ Voluntary organisations that are generally independent of government and corntercial interests relocation of victims (n) /ri:laokerfn av 'viktims/ The movement of victims lo a safe area after a natural or other disaster. repair and reconstruction (n) /ripes nd srckonstrakfry Aid that aims fo fix and rebuild the local infrastructure, hospitals and other public services and people's homes. walking wounded (n) /workig 'wuindid/ People who have been injured but crm still walk warning and evacuation (n) /wo:nin aend «vaekj‘erfn/ Measures to advise the lacal population of disasters thet are about to happen and move people to safe areas. 16alpha Task 1 Complete the text. Use these words. | control tower fightline runway taxiwa Armilitary aerodrome has a number of important components, including the Aight line, taxiways, runways and the control tower. The (1) flight line is an area of the aerodrome where aeroplanes are parked, serviced, loaded and unloaded. The 2) on especially to move from the flight line to the runways. (3) js the area used by aircraft to move around the aerodrome, are the areas where aeroplanes land and take off. They are marked with white lights down each side and by red lights at the end. Aerodromes also have a (4) nsnnnue Manned by air traffic controllers, The tower is responsible for the control of all ait traffic. Task2 Label the picture with the words from Task 1. Task 3 Put the conversation in order, A_ [1] Good afternoon, 42d Wing Commander's office. This is the Executive Officer speaking. A [_|Iilsee if he can take your call, sir. Could you tell me what the call is about? A [_j I'm sorry sir, but the Vice Commander is with him right now. A. [_]Just a second, sir and I'l buzz him on the intercom, A Sir, Colonel Baldacci is on line two, he has something urgent to discuss with you, Can you take his call or do you want me to ask him to call back later? [_] Yes sit. Do you want me to transfer his cal) to you now, sir? B_ [_] Do you think I could interrupt them? Good aftemoon. This is Colonel Baldacci. Can you put me through to the Commander, please? B_ [_] Ijust got a call from headquarters. I need to talk to the boss about an air lift for a medical team. © [_j General Falconer speaking. CC [_] Fil take his call now, we're finishing up here. c [| Yes, go ahead. 1”Task 4 Write the phrases in Task 3 that the speaker uses to express the following. 1 say that someone is busy 'm sorry si, but the Vice Commander is with him right now. 2 ask to speak to someone 3. offer to transfer a call 4 ask someone to hold 5 ask the purpose of a call 6 ask if someone can take a call 7 say that he/she will accept a call 8 ask to interrupt someone in a meeting, DFAVO — task1 Comptete the briefing. Write the verbs in brackets in the correct form. Ladies and gentlemen, you've got a full load this afternoon. You (1) will be transporting (transport) humanitarian supplies for a disaster relief mission in Bam, Iran. Your take off weight 18 141,000 Xil08. YOU (8) vwm2iemnenn Catsnch) ‘with a full fuel load. Your range (3) . (be) 1,410 nautical miles and there (4) (be) a KO-136 for air refuelling. When you enter Iranian airspace, you (8) o-swewew (Oontact) Tehran for all in-flight instructions. Tehran (6) ~ (control) the airspace and AWACS (7) sn. (monitor) the air space and coordinate refuelling. The tower frequency of Tehran. is 141.0. Your cruising speed (8) --. (be) mach .49 - that’s 245 miles er hour at a ceiling of 14,000 feet ~ we have reports of migrating birds above that height, Weather information suggests that daytime temperatures in Bam @ probably . (be) around 14.1°. As the airport has no electricity there {s no ground approach radar 80 you (10) ay) on visual. All flights (11) .. . (avoid) the runway and use the taxiways for takeoff and landing. There (12) = (be) no ground services or refuelling available on the ground, so you (13) ... ~- @Pefuel) in the air. You (14) (Pick up) a KO-138 tanker between Bam and Tehran and will take on a full load of fuel. You (15) . Gauunch) at 1400 Zulu this afternoon. Do you have any questions? CIIVoueone Task 2. Match the words with the underlined numbers. The aiccratt selected is a C141 Starlifter. -____a_ one four one Your take off weight is 141.000 kilos, bone thousnd four hundred and ten Your range will be 1,410 nautical miles. © fourteen point one zero The tower frequency of Tehran is 141.0. 4 fourteen thousand one hundred at a ceiling of 14,100 feet. fourteen hundred temperatures in Bam will probably be around 14.10. fone hundred and forty-one thousand You will be launching at 1400 Zulu. & one four one decimal zero CHALLIS task Complete the chart. Use these words. Baked bland boiled dessert fried fruit main course meat rice toasted savoury sidedish spicy starter sweet vegetables Ene mete Gir 1 baked | i3 4 Task 2 Label the conversations. Use the words accept or decline. 1a Would you care to join us, sir? b_ Thank you chief Master Sergeant, but [ have to get back to my office. decline the invitation 2 a What about you, John. Why don’t you join us. b Thanks, I’d love to. --u the invitation. 3. a. Pethaps you'd like to join us later. b All right, Iwill. Thank you very such. the invitation, 4 2 Would you like to have something to eat? Thank you but I'm not very hungry. _.. the invitation. 5 a Would you like to join us for lunch later? b- Thank you very much but I'm afraid I have a meeting, . the invitation. 6 a How about having dinner with us this evening? b Thanks, I'd like that. vu the invitation. « ERsdelta Task 1 Complete the chart. Use these words. 20 example comment generalisation asa rule for example in many cases 2 like it is not uncommon such as in my opinion, 3 itis clear that the fact is that unfortunately Task 2 Use the words and phrases in the chart in Task 1 to complete the text, In today’s world of complex peace support operations, (1) itis clear that the miltary are increasingly involved in providing humanitarian assistance in cooperation with NGOs. (2) ... this cooperation is not to find military forces and NGOs competing instead of cooperating. However, (4) .. military and humanitarian aid workers simply have to lear to get along. always successful and (3) (8) ceennennnnnin the first step in improving relations is to understand how NGOs operate. First of all, there are important differences between NGOs, (6) budget. The next step is to understand that NGOs work in a different way size, speciality, regional involvement and to military forces and Use WOrdS (7) vemneoninmunnnnmen impartial, humanitarian and security in a different way - the military use the word security 10 refer to levels of Violence Whereas (8) erenmninnmnnnnnn » aid ‘workers will be talking about other factors such as access to food and human rights. The next step is to recognise that NGOs possess @ number of essets and advantages that the military often do not have. (9) gall Neca ground-level information and will be able to take decisions more quickiy they will have access to better and generally move more quickly than the military. Task 3 Read the text in Task 2 again and write true or false. The writer believes, 1 2 3 4 5 in peace operations, the military and NGOs often have to work together. true cooperation between the military and NGOs is always successtul. military forces and NGOs often compete instead of working together. military forces and NGOs use some words with a differenc meaning. NGOs often have better intelligence than the military.listening Task 1 (5) @ Listen to a briefing and complete the notes. ey Ce C-141 StarlitterBoots on the ground glossary War and conflict Task 1 Translate. battle (n) /batl/ A lengthy engagement fought by large numbers of opposing forces. campaign (n) /kaern'penn/ A lengthy period of military activity in a specific area or region. clash (n) (klae/ A smiall engagement between forces — often with no clear sinner. conflict (n) kan'likt/ A state of hostility betteen two or more countries. engagement (n) /ingeidsmont/ An exchange of fire between opposing forces war (1) Avo:/ An armed conflict between two or more countries. three block wat (n) /Ori: blok w2/ Military operations in whick iroops may be confronted by ‘a wide range of tactical challenges in a few hours and within a sina area strategic corpora) (n) /sirticdstk ‘ko:p(ajral/ The idea that the actions of junior personnel may potentially influence vot only the immediate tactical situation, but the operational and strategic levels as well Levels of war Task 2 Translate. strategic level (n) /trati:dgik levl/ The level of war where the senior political and military leadership make decisions about national objectives and resources operational level (n) /opatet{nal‘levl/ The level of auar where large formation commanders rake decisions about the conduct of major campaigns. tactical level (n) /tackakl ‘levl/ The level of war where military commanders fight battles and engagement. Non-lethal weapons Task 3 Translate. non-lethal weapon (n) fnon i:61 ‘wepon/ A weapon that may injure a person, but zo! not ill hem riot (n) /ratat/ A noisy and violent public meeting where people may get hurt and property is. often damaged. riot baton (n) /raiat ‘beton/ A stick made of wood or other miaterial that is used as a weapon. riot gas (n) frasot gwes/ A type of gas that irritates the eyes and causes choking. Normally used {for riot control. Also called CS gas. riot gas grenade (n) fratat gaes gntnend/ A grenade that contains riot gas. rubber bullet (n) /rabs bulu/ A type of bullet that is fired from a special gun and is designed to knock a person over but not to cause serious injury. Also called baton round or plastic bullet. Task 4 Label the pictures with words from the glossary. | ff) fealpha Task 1 Complete the conversation. Use these words. can (x4) could (x2) will (x2) would (x2) A. Thisis a military zone. You (1) camot go through this checkpoint unless you have a pass, B_ Thisis a UN convoy. Your headquarters has been informed and we have authorisation. > I'm sorry but [still need to see a pass. I you haven't got a pass, I (2) not let you through. If you contact your command post, they (3) tell you we have authorisation. I'm afraid, that’s not possible. Well, could I speak to your commanding officer? >oya Témy commander was here, you (4) talk to him but he’s not here at the moment. If you Tike, YOU (5) smi Wait ~ but he won't be back till 6.00 p.m B_ We have to be in San Carlos this evening, if we have to wait till 6.00 pam., we © not get there till tomorrow. That's not my problem. You (7) turn around or you can wait if you like B Look, if] were you, 1 (8) send someone to check with your HQ. If your HQ knew you were holding ws here, they (9) .o..10l:um be very angry. You (10) save yourself a lot of problems, if you sent someone over to your command post. A. OK. Wait here. Task 2 Read the conversation again and write ttue or false. 1 The convoy commander doesn’t have authorisation. false ‘The convoy commander doesn’t have a pass. At first, the guard says he cannot contact the command post 2 3 4 The checkpoint commanding officer is away. 5 Inthe end, the guard agrees to send someone to the command post. 6 In the end, the guard allows the convoy to pass through the checkpoint. Task 3 Complete the chart less diplomatic more diplomatic 1a _ I want to speak to the person in charge. v bb Twould like to speak to your commander Vv 2 a Ifyou ask your commander, he'll tell you we have authorisation. Ifyou asked your commander, he'd tell you we have authorisation. 3. a T'matraid you'll have to turn around ' b You'll have to turn around. 4 a He's very unhelpful. He's not very helpfulDFAVO task circle the correct words. In some cases, both words may be correct. couldn't go through the checkpoint today. He told me that the road is / was closed. He says it won't be open till tomorrow. He says you He says itsn’t / wasn't his peoblem, He says that this morning his HQ told J told him there may be rebels travelling in the convoy. He said that you will / you'd probably be able to go through tomorrow. 6 He says you ea’ couldn’ go through unless he inspects all the vehicles. 7 He says that is / was acceptable. Task 2 Read the conversation and write a report for your commanding officer. This road is closed. Turn around. Thave a pass signed by the commander of your divisional headquarters. You can’t go through here today. You can go through tomorrow. Thave to be in San Marcos this afternoon. I’s not my problem. The road is closed. Could you please contact your commanding officer. > we > Se oD ‘Tum off your engine and wait here. Do not leave your vehicles. My commander said you could go through the checkpoint but you have to let me inspect the vehicles. I want the soldiers to get out of the vehicles and line up at the side of the road with theic identity papers B_ The soidiers cannot leave the vehicles but we can open the hatches and you can look inside. That is acceptable, but J still need to see their identity papers. OK, we can do that. Sergeant Peters, 1 want the men to open the rear hatches and be ready to present their military ID cards. When we stopped at the checkpoint, the guard said that the rond was closed and he told me > ow to turn around. Told him ...CHALLIS tasks complete the conversation. Use these expressions. Idon’t believe it Iwas worried sick. I'm not very happy about this either. Is something wrong? That's wonderful news. The kids are going to be so happy. Wheto relief you-ealied! What do you think about that? A. Hello, 459 027. B Sarah, i's me A Oh Tom. (1) What a relief you called! I was so worried. 8B Why? (2) A. Well, on the TV last night they said that some soldiers had been injured in an altack near your base. B_ Wait a minute. It’s true there was a bomb explosion yesterday, but no-one was hurt. A. Oh love that’s not what they say on the telly. (3). B_ Well, don’t believe everything you see on the telly. Anyway, there are lots of people waiting to use the phone, so I've only got a minute. The reason I'm calling is that I've got some good news. A Yeah. Go on. B_ Yeah, well we're finishing early. I'll be home next month. (4) A. What, Next month! (5) senssnnsninnnnnnn (6) B I’ve got some bad news, too love A Yeah, go on 8 Well, 'm only going to be back for a couple of months. And then we're off again. A They carvt do that! Oh, Tom. B_ know. (8) But it’s not the end of the world Task 2 Write the sentences which the speaker uses to express the following, 1 ask someone for theft reaction to news What do you think about that? ‘ask someone why they are afraid or worried express excitement about future plans react to bad news sos react to good news say that they are afraid or worried say they feel the same way werauee show that they are happy because nothing has happened asELTA —task1 Read the text ana write true or false. The Strategic Corporal in the Three Block War Major Chatles Flint, Training and Doctrine Wing Lessons learned from recent operations ~ such as the UN and NATO missions in Bosnia during the 1990s or the UN mmission in Somalia in the early 1990s ~ show quite clearly how current and future operations have special challenges for our junior military ieaders. In these operations, our soldiers will most ofcen fight on urban terrain and they will very often face irregular forces. These forces will not use conventional tactics or confront our troops directly. Instead, they 5 will mix in with che local population and employ guerrilla tactics and this will mean no clear distinction beween combatant and non-combatant These complexities of modern conflict have led 10 two key concepts that are more and more influential in our military training and docttine. These concepts have been called the ‘thee block war’ and the ‘strategic corporal’. The first of these ideas recognises that today’s soldier will often have to carry out very differen tasks in a shore space of time 10 and in a smat! geographical area. On the firse block of the three block war, they may be delivering humanitarian aid or working together with relief workers. On the second block, they might be perfarming casks such as pacrolling or manning checkpoint and on the thicd block, chey could be engaged in a high-intensity fie fight. The author believes that, 1 the UN missions in Bosnia and Somalia are examples of what we can expect in the future. true 2 future wars will most often be fought on urban terrain. . 3. io future conflicts, soldiers will be fighting against regular armies. 4. in future conflicts, there will be a clear distinction between combatants and non- combatants. 5 inthe three block wat, soldiers will have to perform very different tasks in a small area. Task 2 Read the text in Task 1 again and say what the words refer to. 1 such as (line 1) recent operations these operations (line 3) they (line 3) they (line 4) this (line 5). aan on the first of these ideas (line 9) Task3 Complete the text. Use these words. he his their they this (1) This idea of the three block war goes hand-in- | humanitarian aid. At the same time, as more and. hand with the second concept - the idea of the more responsibility is being assigned to thejunior | strategic corporal. On the modern battlefield, our | military leader, (4) must be aware that soldiers must be capable of fulfilling (2) his actions will often be analysed by the media and traditional role af warfighting, But 3) wonumme | Brat his decisions may have strategic and political must also be capable of performing tasks related to | consequences that can affect the outcome of a order and stability and the provision of mission or the reputation of (5) country. joots on the ground 6Histe ming task me risten to a conversation and mark the routes that: 1 the convoy commander had originally planned to take, 2. the guard suggests. Task 2171 @ Listen again and circle the correct answer. 1 Why can’t the escort commander take the route that was originally planned? a because of insurgents b because of bad weather 2 What time will the convoy arrive in Trevisham? a 8.00pm. b 6.30pm. 3. Why does the guard say to take care on the road between Bouvet and Denom? because there's snow b because of insurgents Task 3 (0! @ Listen to a conversation and write true or false. 1 The convoy is travelling to Denom. .. o 2. The guard tells the escort commander to turn back and take the road to Morak. 3. The guard says that the road to Denom is closed because of snow. 4 The escort commander threatens to report the guard... In the end, the escort commander has to turn back. Task 4 19] @ Listen and complete the chart according to how the speaker says each sentence. Firm Angry Firm Angry 1 A ene 2 5 3 6 aLeaders and leadership glossary offences under military law Task t Translate. absence without authorised leave (n) /sebs(a)ns wid'act '2:Gorarzd litv/ Leaving your unit without permission for a short time or failing to return to the unit after leave. bullying (UK) (n) /buliin/ Hurling someone wko is smaller or zoeaker. desertion (n) /orz3:{n/ Leaving your unit without permission and with no intention of returning. hazing (US) (n) fherzin/ Physical abuse of newo members ina unit or newly-qualified personnel. insubordination (n) finsobaiedinexfn/ Cisobeying an order or failure to show respect for a superior officer or NCO. malingering (n) /maingarin/ Pretending to be sick in order to avoid duties. Punishments for military offence Task? Translate demotion (1) /dizmaufn/ A punishment where a serviceman or servicewonian is given @ lower rank. Also called loss of rank. detention (n) /arten{o/ 4 punishment where a serviceman or sersicewoman is locked up in a cell and not allowed to leave. fine (n) Mann/ An amcunt of money that a serviceman or servicewoman pays because they have committed an offence. Also calted loss of pay. separation from the service (n) /sepe'ret{n from do 'sa:vis/ In the context of offences under military law, involuntary discharge from the armed forces, Tactical tasks Task 3 Translate. canalise (v) /kaenalarz/ To use obstactes, fire and movement int order to restrict the enemy's operations to a narrow zone. double envelopment (n)} /dabl mvelopmant/ A manoeuvre where a commander surrounds the enemy by attacking both of his flanks. engage (v) /in'geid3/ To attack opposing forces. envelop (v) /nvelop/ To manoeuore around the enemy's flanks in order fo surround him. ‘manoeuvre (n) /ms'nu:va/ A planned movement by troops oF vehicles in order o achieve a specific objective. mass (v) /maes/ To concentrate all your troops or firepower at a decisive point offensive tactic (n) /afensiv tiekuk/ A tactic used in attacking a hostile force. retire (v) /rtara/ To move away front the enemy in an organised roy, trap (n) /rwep/ When you lead the enemy into. situation from which theve is no escape Task 4 Complete the chart. = canalisation 2) rooms angagement (3) ernntsnienennninnneninnnen OMV@lOpment manoeuvre 4) trap ©). . Leaders and leadershio JP)Alpha rast complete the words. 1 Expect your men to do their best at all times. demanding 2 Goodat solving problems and making decisions on your own. r__ou 3. Taking decisions quickly and communicating them rapidly and clearly to your men. d___s_v_ 4 Staying calm even in the most difficult situations. 1_v__-h__d 5 Looking after your soldiers’ welfare before you look after your own needs. 6 Not fearing danger or showing you are afraid. ¢_ -8--8L Task 2 Match the sentence halves to make quotes about leadership. 1 | Acmy officers are intelligent. {| 2 |Our troops are capable of the best discipline.) |") 3. |The greatest leader in the world could never win a campaign ules) [_] 4 |Towin in war you must have no doubts about) [__} a [The beginning of leadershipis) [| 6 | Teannot trust a man to control others 7 [Rani’is given you to enable yout) [_} a he understood the men he had to lead. (Omar Bradley) who cannot control himself. (Robert E. Lee) © abattle for the hearts and minds of men. (Bernard Montgomery) 4 Give them the bare tree, let them supply the leaves. (George Marshall) your ability as a soldier. (George Patton) f better serve those above and below you. (Bruce Clarke) g If they lack it, leadership is faulty. (Dwight Eisenhower) Task 3. Match the quotes in Task 2 with these leadership qualities A.good leader 1 istevel-headed. [6] has the ability to delegate command. [_] has the confidence of his/her men. [ ] maintains high standards of discipline. has self-confidence. [~] looks after the men under his/her command. [| knows the men under his/her command. ["] 29 leadersipBFAVO task Put the pictures in order. Now read the text and check your answers. | The Battle of Trebia was a battle in the Second Punic War fought between the Carthaginian forces of Hannibal and the Roman Republic in 218 BC ‘On the moming of the battle, Hannibal sent his Numidian cavalry across the frozen Trebia River with orders to attack the Romans and then retire quickly across the river. The Romans reacted exactly as Hannibal had planned — they pursued the Numidian cavalry back across the river and then marched forward to meet the main Carthaginian army. Hannibal had formed up his heavy infantry in the centre of his position and his cavalry on the flanks. in the opening moves of the battle Longus, the Roman commander, advanced his troops slowly and in good order. In the centre, Hannibal’s infantry was outnumbered and the Roman attack soon broke through Hannibal's centre. However, at this point, the Carthaginian commander ordered his cavalry to move around the Roman flanks. Then, as Hannibal's cavalry attacked the Roman flanks, 2,000 more cavalry commanded by Hannibal's brother Mago, attacked the Roman rear. Hannibal had effectively enveloped the Roman force and their attack soon gave way. This ‘was Hannibal's first great victory of the Second Punic Wer. Task 2 Read the text again and write true or false. 1 Hannibal did not expect the Romans to cross the river. fase 2. The job of the cavalry was to provoke the Romans to counterattack 3. Hannibal's position was weak in the centre. 4 The Roman's did not expect the attack from Mago’s cavalry. 5 The Battle of Trebia was a victory for the Romans. Task 3 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets in the correct form. 1 Before the start of the battle, Hannibal (1) had hidden (hid) Mago's cavalry in dead ground to the south 2 By the time the Romans (2) snmnnnnmnnnnn (@ttive) at the River Trebia, Hannibal @) (carry out) a reconnaissance of the terrain 3 When Mago's cavalry (4) (attack) the Roman rear, it was clear the Romans (5) (lose) the battle. 30Charlie task complete the puzzle. ‘ross F f '5 Someone who thinks quickly and reacts quickly e Cc and is very aware of what is happening. Fs 7 TL [ny 8 Aree esr won very moc Down I 1 Another word for inteligent. 2 An individual who takes lite care about their lathes and appearance. 3 Aperson you can ask to do something and know B tat they wil doit an [| __ 4 Someone with good manners and alvays polite. =|o Task 2 Look at the pictures and complete the descriptions. Use these words. | blond lazy short hard-working rganised long scruffy tall reliable serious tattoo muscular ambitious scar overweight moustache “You'll like Stanislav. He's a (1) tall guy with short (2)... hair and a big (3).... .~a typical cavalry officer. The truth is he’s not got much of a sense of humour ~ in fact he’s really quite @ eevee = But he’s very, Very (8) concen « When you ask him to do something, you can be sure he'll doit’ “Lwant you to find Sergeant Chan. You can’t miss him. He's quite (6) and very (7) He's gota (8) soonneneanennnnenn down the side of his face and a (9) noon sn OF his arm/ “Now, I want you to talk to Private Evans. First of all, there's his appeatance, He's (10) .nnnnnnnnnnsnn = 1 want him on a diet and in the gym. And then there's his uniform. He's (11) very ~ J want to see his uniform clean for parade tomorrow. And tell him to do something about his hait ~ it's t00 (12) ....ewmownoue « He looks like & girl. Now, the other thing is his work. He’s (13) .nn.m:mmnne = he never does any work.” ‘Do you remember that Italian officer who worked in the intelligence cell? I think his name was Fucilla, Lieutenant Fucilla. A good man to have around. Very (14) coun he wes always the first one to arrive in the morning and the last one to leave. You know, L wouldn't be surprised if he got that promotion. I know he wanted it very much — he’s very (15) so nsnnmnnen « The only problem was his files. He was very (16) sss ssnnnnonne« Leould never find anything when he was away.’ » ESETTask 3 Circle the description which is more polite 1 a Private Atkins is the scruffiest soldier in the Regiment, b__ Private Atkins is not the smartest soldier in the Regiment. 2 a He's not the most courteous officer in the Squadron. b He's probably the rudest officer in the Squadron. 3a My secretary's not very organised. Ican never find anything when she’s away. oe My secretary's very disorganised. I can never find anything when she’s away. delta ts: Complete the text with the verbs in brackets in the correct form. For students of history, there is great value in studying what actually happened but, there is also great value in studying what (1) might have happened (happen) if things (2) (turn out) differently. For example, what would @) ow (happen) if Hannibal (4) (conquer) Rome during the Second Punic War. And what about the Napoleonic wars in Europe in the 19th century? What would Europe (5) (be) like today if Britain (6) (lose) the Battle of Trafalgar ~ almost certainly the British would be driving on the right, instead of on the left! And what if Germany (7) (win) the Second World War or if the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill (8) (sign) a ceasefire agreement between Germany and Great Britain? This study of alternative history is not limited to war and conflict. It is ais interesting to look at other major world events such as natural disasters, discoveries and exploration. For example, if Christopher Columbus 0) (discover) the American continent, would some other power (10) «oon (lay claim) to the Americas? Or would the people | of that continent have been free to find their own way in the world? ‘Task 2 Match the sentence halves. 1 Ifthe Japanese hadn't attacked Pearl Harbour in 1941, [d] 2. If President Kennedy hadn't been assassinated, |] 3. If Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria had escaped assassination in 1914, [__] 4 If the UN had not intervened in the Balkan conflicts in the 1990s, |] 5 If Britain had lost the Battle of Trafalgar to France and Spain, [__] 6 Ifthe French king Louis XVI had paid more attention to his people, |] athe First World War may never have started. b the French Revolution might never have taken place. ¢ Napoleon would probably have invaded Britain. the USA would probably not have entered WW2. © US forces would probably have left Vietnam before the conflict escalated f those conflicts might have resulted in many more deaths. [eee aelistening Task 1 Complete the puzzle. r F | Across — 3 Leaving your unit without permission Tw [tlk Hitt focashor time ar fae to return S|, hunt. L_| 4 Disobeying an order o failure to L show respec fora superior officer or No. Y 5 Pretending tobe sick in oder to I L] i i} T| avoid duties. 1 Hurting someone wo is smaller ar G & weaker TV] 2 Leaving your unit without permission and with no intention of tuning. Task 2 |10) @ Listen to part of a conservation and complete the table. Beara ET er ut Ga LCpI Clerk Pvt Hutchinson Pvt Burton Task 3 1101® Listen again and answer the questions. 1 Is this the first time thar there have been complaints about the behaviour of Lance Corporal Clerk? 2 What explanation does the officer give for the behaviour of Private Hutchinson? 3 How many times has Private Burton been in trouble in the last two months? Task 4111) Listen to the rest of the conversation and answer the questions. What do the two officers decide to do about ... 1 Lance Corporal Clerk? 2 Private Hutchinson? 3° Private Burton? 2 EEEExercise Gallant Eagle glossary Air force ui Task Translate. 's and missions close air support (n) /klous €9 sopait/ Am attack by aircraft where the target is close to ‘friendly ground forces. daytime extraction (n) Mewarm ikstrackjnl To vemave troops from an area of operations while itis light. flight time (n) /flaut taim/ The time it takes to fly from one point to another. ‘ground insertions (n) /graund insa:fns/ To move troops into an area of operations by air and where the aircraft lands. high-altitude drops (n) Mat ‘zlugu:d drops Airdrops made above 10, 000 feet. low-altitude drops (n) /lau “eltytjusd drops/ Airdrops made below 10,000 feet. night time extraction (1) /nait vai t’strck{n/ To remove troops from an area of operations ‘while it is dark. squadron (1) skwodron/ The lowest level of air force unit with a headquarters element. Usually commanded by a lieutenant colonel. wing (n) Avin/ A farge air force unit that has its own suppor! for carrying out operations. Usually commanded by a brigadier. Problems and dealing with problems Task 2 Translate. backlog (n) fbaekogy A large amount of work that causes delays defective (adj) /drfektiv/ Not made correctly or not working correctly. We can also say faulty. double check (v) fdabl fek/ To check at least two times that something works. grounded (adj,) jgraundid/ An aircraft that eannot fly, in commission (adj.) in kimufn/ An aircraft, vehicle or item of equipment that is available for use. malfunction (v) fmaelank{n/ To stop working or not work correctly misplaced (adj) /mspleist/ When you think you know where something is but you cannot (find it, Also missing. out of commission (adj. /aus of ksimufny An aircraft, vehicle or item of equipment that is not available for use. Also out of service. short circuit (v) /fou ‘sx:kiy To have a bad electrical connection. Also short out. troubleshoot (v) Atrablfui/ To look for and correct problems in a mechanical or electrical system. Task3 Complete the chart. detect short circuit, troubleshootingalpha Task 1 Read the conversation and answer the questions, 1 Where does the conversation probably take place? 2 What are the officers discussing? Good morning, gentlemen. The first item on our agenda is Exercise High Flyer. Major Hicks, could you give us a quick update? Yes, sir. The only changes since last week focus on the roles of 127th Airlift Support Squadron and the 72nd Fighter Squadron. Now, the 72nd Squadron will fly Sorry, Major. Could you be more specific about the role of the 127th Airlift Support Squadron? Yes sit. The 127th will be flying tactical transport and night-time MEDEVAC missions. Sorry to interrupt again, can jain why we've changed the mission from daytime to night time MEDEVAC missions? I'm a little concemed about the risks Yes, si, Basically, we need the practice and according to Ground Safety and Flying Safely, there are no unnecessary ‘Yes Major, but does that mean there will be no risks involved? Sir, of course there are always some risks. But in our opinion, the risks are minimal. Very well. We'll go with night time MEDEVAC | extractions. Now, let’s move on to aircraft in commission. Major Li, could you tell us the status of aircraft in commission? Yes, sir. Most of the Wing's aircraft are all in. good condition but .. Sorry, Major. I{Lunderstand youcorrectly, | ‘you’re saying that not all aircraft are in ‘commission. Well, yes sir. We still have four C-130s grounded, ‘And, why is that? Welt, sir. They haven't completed testing yet Task 2. Read the conversation in Task 1 again and write true or false. 1 Since the last meeting, there have been no changes in the roles of units, participating in the exercise. false ‘The commanding officer is worried about safety. 3. The commanding officer does not agree to the changes in the mission, 4 All of the Wing’s aircraft are in commission Task 3 Look at the underlined sentences in the conversation in Task 1 and write the phrases the speaker uses to express the following. 1 ask for the most recent information could you give us a quick update 2 ask about consequences or implications ask for an explanation request more detailed information ask someone to explain a staternent confirm that we understand correctly 35DAVO task read the conversation and complete the sentences with these words. squadron ops officer aircraft commander crew chief The squadron vice commander wants 1 the squadron ops officer to brief the aircraft commander. 2. the to increase the crew’s night flying. 3. the to check the instruments for low-level flying, 4 the to make arrangements for landing on dirt strips 5 the... to write a mission report. A. OK, first of all, want you to talk to the squadron ops officer. Bring him up to speed on the mission changes, have him talk to the aircraft commander and brief him on the new exercise scenario. Ask him if he can brief the aircraft commander ASAP ~ before tomorrow, if possible. | Oh, and tell him I want the aircraft commander to increase the crew's night flying, B Right. Do you have any other instructions for the aircraft commander? A. Yes. They're going to be doing a lot of night flying, so I want him to have the crew chief check the instruments for low-level fiying, B Right, got that. Is that all, sir? ‘A. Justa couple more things. I want the crew to practise landing and taking off on a dirt strip somewhere outside the base. So, talk to the squadron ops officer and have him make the necessary arrangements. B Right. ‘A Also, ask the squadron ops officer if he can write me a mission report for tomorrow moming, And I think that’s it. | B I'll get on it right now. A OK. Doit. Task 2 Rewrite the sentences as reported questions or instructions. 1 Have him talk to the aircraft commander and brief him on the new exercise scenario. He said you are fo talk to the aircraft commasder and brief him on the new exercise scenario, 2 Ask him if he can brief the aircraft commander ASAP. 3 Twant the aircraft commander to increase the crew’s night flying, 4 Lwant him to have the crew chief check the instruments for low-level flying, 5 want the crew (o practise landing and taking off on a dirt strip. 6 Have him make the necessary arrangements. 7 Ask the squadron ops officer if he can write me a mission report for tomorrow morning. DEEEZEN «CHAPS tasks Pot tne conversation in order. A [7] Thaven’t seen you around before. Are you new here? A. [_] How long are you going to be here? B Just a week. I'm going back on Saturday morning, What about you? Are you posted here? A [_] Yes, 1’ve been here six months now, But it seems like longer than that 8B And, what's it like working here? A. [_] Right. On holiday or for business? 8 [_| Aholiday. With the family. We were in Sicily for a week and then we spent a couple of days in Rome. Do you know Rorne? A [_] Yes. I spent a few days there with the family last summer, [[] Yes, but I’m just here for the exercise. I'm here as an augmentee for the exercise staff [7] Right. For Gallant Eagle. Did you just get in? B [_] Actually, I got in late last night. A [_) Oh, Like it. The Italians are great to work with and there's a lot to do in your free time. Is this your first time here? B_ [_ ] It’s my first visit to Aviano but i've been to Italy before. I was here a couple of “years ago. Task 2 Complete the conversation A. Nice to meet you. I'm Steve Shaw. B_ How do you do. Peter Jones. A. (1) Are you here for the exercise? 4 P B That's right. I'm an augmentee on the exercise staff. / : @ sonia YOM? { 1) A. Actually, I'm stationed here. I work in the Maintenance \ i Group. (8) nen get in? \ x A B Yes, this morning. (4) crssonunnernnneanenene RENO? _* : A. Oh; it's OK. The flying is good and there’s a good social life \ \ around the base, (5) ssi posted? 5 B_ in Spain. Ata place called Moron, \ A I’ve heard of it, but I’ve never been there. \ © snes 1 SPOR? \ _ B_ Inthe south. Not far from the coast. 0 ss 40 Spain? A. Yes, I was in Barcelona last year.Celta tas1 complete the puzzte. F feross 1 To look for and correct problems in a A mechanical or electronic system. 2 To check at east tw tines that Olu E O10 ‘something works. 4 Alarge amount of work that causes | [em Th 1 Soha abd eect omedion Down PRIA L_[o 5 To stop working or not work correctly Task 2 Use the words in Task 1 in the correct form to complete the text. To all departments, A number of maintenance crews have reported problems with the instrument panels on the HO-147. Over the last week, we (1) have been troubleshooting the instrument panels on a number of aircraft and it appears thet there is @. @ in the new warning lights. I have been informed that the new warning lights are defective and may cause a (3) in the instrument panel. If you are experiencing problems with the instrument panels, please report the problem to this office. We will ico) the systems and replace any defective warning lights as soon as we are able. Please note that the maintenance department currently has @ (5) eu. of more than five working days. Task 3 Complete the text. Use these words in the correct form. (to) short out backlog check defective double check faulty grounded malfunction The bad news is that the aircraft will be (1) grounded for about 72 hours. We need to change all the tyres and there's a (2) of work in the wheel and tyre shop. The good news is that the electricians found the problem that caused the smoke in the cockpit. It seems like the landing gear warning light on the instrument panel was (3) and it (4) some of the wiring behind the instrument panel. We (5) onan the system and the technical representative on base (6) sennnmnnnnmnnns everything and he confirmed my report. So, there never was any (7) of the landing gear. Just a a indicator switch and we've replaced thatlistening Task 1 |12)@ Listen to the radio exchange and answer the questions. 1 Where are the two speakers? ... 2 Whats the problem? coo 3 Whatare the three letters in the call sign? - Task 2 (12) @ Listen again and complete the conversation. A Good morning Incirlik approach. This is (1) We have an instrument problem and we are making an emergency descent to (2) enn Roger, you are clear to descend immediately (0 (3) uennnnnnmnnnnnn Roger, please alect (4) Do you request 2 (5) sone? (6)... Roger, I declare full emergency. Alt lights, all flights calting Incirlik maintain (7) serennnnininnnnniinneyaonuitiiinnnnnnnnninie AG smn ONG Incirlik. e>r>eore standby for in-flight emergency- > ‘Thank you Incirlik © AEP6801 we have you on radar at (8)... coeneenne Out and turning at (9) snninenennnenenemnnen Incictik approach, we request (10) Roger AFP6801. Do you have Incirlik visual? Roger. thave visual. B> o> AFP6801, both runways are available. You have both runways and you are a)... a A. Affirmative. I'm lining vp on (12) .. B_ Confirm runway zero five Task 3 19) @ Listen to the conversation and put the events in order. The aircraft landed safely. The pilot instructed the co-pilot to lower the wheels and then raise the wheels. ‘The pilot sent the flight engineer to perform a visual inspection of the landing gear. All the warning lights went out except for the landing gear lights. ‘The emergency lights on the instrument panel came on. 3990 olReview 1 (Units 1-6) Task 1 Which word is different? Why? Example:a memorandum —b flightplan ¢ manifest @cargo isn’t a document. 1a commission rotation ¢ temporary duty tour of duty assignment 2 a catry on b getout join up d stay on 3 aearthquake famine © landslide d war A a battle b campaign —_c_engagement d tactic 5a attack b engage © envelop d retire 6 a defective b grounded in commission d out of commission Task 2 Complete the words. Example: rotate (to complete a tour of duty and move on to the next one) h_im_ st_t__n (the permanent location of a military unit) _nl__st (to join the armed forces as a volunteer) __d w_rk _r (someone who works for an ngo and helps people in need) 1 2 3 4 c_nfl_ct (a state of hostility between countries) 5 d_m_t__n (another word for loss of rank) 6 5q_-dr_n (anair force unit) Task 3. Circle the correct form of the verbs. Example: The soldiers (were preparing)/ prepared for the mission when they were ordered to line up. Exercise Gallant Eagle takes place / is taking place every two years. The Wing is currently working / currently works very hard to prepare for the exercise. ‘The staff received / was receiving warning of the exercise in May. eens The news did not come as a surprise - the statt expected / were expecting to take part in the exercise. The Wing has been preparing { has prepared for the exercise since January. 6 Most aircraft completed / have completed testing and are in good condition. A number of aircraft were out of commission until just days before the exercise wns starting / started. 8 The patts only arrived on Monday because a maintenance group technician sent / had sent an order for the wrong parts. 40Task 4 Circle the correct form of the verb. Example: If you(@on'? contach)/ hadn't contacted your commander, you'll be in a lot of trouble. ‘You can’t go through this checkpoint unless you have / had a pass. If Lam / were you, I would send someone to check with your HQ. Ifyou contact f contacted them. they would tell you we had authorisation. The incident could have caused a lot of problems if the officer did not keep | had not kept his Coo) 5 You would have saved us all a lot if trouble if you checked | had checked earlier. Task 5 Complete the sentences. Use ou, out or up. Example: If I get promoted soon, then I'l stay on, 1 In the United States, a lot of people join ....... because they get money fo go to university. 2 Young men and women Sign oo. for 22 years service. 3 However, servicemen and women can get service. «after their first four years of 4 Some soldiers stay sun... because they get extra money. Task 6 Order the sentences. Example: the communications equipment | they are | He also said | to check He also said to check the communications equipment. 1 youcan finish | wants to know if | the operation order | The company commander | by this alternoon 3. the intelligence officer ! you are to have | assoon as possible | He si the intel report 4 wants you | He also | no later than | this evening | to brief the platoon commanders Dy, ===UE ae glossary Engineer missions Task 1 Translate. bridging (n) /bridsin/ The use of equipment to make a bridge over a river or over a gap. counter mobility (n) /kaunta moutbilati/ The construction of obstacles in order to delay, disrupt and destroy the enemy. electronic warfare (n) /elektronik ‘worfeo/ The location and suppression of the enemy's electronic equipment mobility (n) /mouibiloti/ Measures thal support a force ir moving from one place to another. survivability (n) /savarvablati/ All efforts fo protect personnel, weapons and supplies. Obstacles and fortifications Task2 Translate abatis (n) /abieus! An obstacle constructed of logs or fallen trees that is used to block ronds and other paths antictank ditch (n) /enti taegk ditf/ A type of trench that is dug as an obstacle for vehicles. field defences (n) cla difenst2/ A defensive position prepared on the battlefield fortification (n) {fa:uftkerfn/ A structure or obstacle prepared for defensive purposes. slope obstacle (n)/slaup ‘obstakl/ Ait obstacle for armoured vehicles thal consists of an area of ‘ground where one part is higher than the other. stronghold (n} /stronhould/ A key point in a defensive position that is hemwity fortified. Also strong point. tank slot (n) /cenk slot prepared defensive position for tanks. The hull of the tank is hidden but the turiet can move and the main gun can fire. trench (n) fizentf/ A narrow hole dug in the ground in order to give protection from enemy fre. Engineer equipment Task 3 Translate. Bangalore torpedo (n) /bsengolote to‘pi:dau/ A type of explosive device that is used for clearing barbed wire. bridgelayer (n) fondsleta/ A vehicle that carries and lays a portable bridge. ‘excavator (n) fekskaverta/ An engineering vehicle designed for digging. fascines (n) /faefime/ Plastic tubes or logs dropped into a ditch so that « vehicle can cross. plant (n) /pla:nt/ Heavy engineering equipment like excavators and tractors tractor (n) /trwektay A wheeled or tracked vehicle that is used for pulling other vehicles. Often filled with engineering tools to move earth Task 4 Label the pictures with words from the glossary. neANPHa tasks Match these words with their definitions. allowance joining letter mess bill mess dress regulations mess subseription ‘The money paid by all officers who live in the mess. mess subscription An amount of money that you receive in order to pay for things you need (Official instructions that tell you what uniform you should wear in the mess. A statement thal tells you how much money you owe for mess charges. ween A letter that tells you when and how you are to report for duty. Task 2 Complete the text, Use these words. where (x4) which (x5) who (x2) JOINING INSTRUCTIONS Travel arrangements For directions to the cemp, reter to your joining letter, (1) which includes a map with the location of the garrison. Accommodation You will be accommodated in a single room in the officers mess, (2)... the Regiment's single officers lve. If you decide not to use the mess accommodation there are a number of | local hotels to choose from. The most commonly used are the Travel Lodge, (3) ronmnee 1S five km | from barracks and the Antrobus Arms Hotel in Amesbury, (4) soa i$ five krn from Larkhill Medical The barracks has a military medical centre (5) you can see a doctor or dentist. If you have a medical emergency outside of normal working hours you wall need to report to the military medical centre at Tidworth, (6) . .. IS some eight km away. If you are not clear about the procedures for reporting sick, or about where to go, See YOUF COUFSE iNstTUCtOF, (7) mummmnnee Will DE happy to explain. | Garrison Facilities There ere @ number of sporting facilities in and around the garrison including 8 you can do weight training and play squash. There is also an 18-hole golf course at Tidworth, (9) ni approximately three kmn from the garrison, fitness centre, (8) .. ‘There is a shop in the camp, (10) you can buy a selection of gifts and regimental souvenirs. ‘The shop is situated close to the gym. If you need more information about shopping in the local area, SEE YOUF INSIPUCIOF, (11). nnn 03M Qive YoU further details. Task 3 Read the text in Task 2 and answer the questions. 1 Where can you find a map with directions to the garrison? ... ‘What accommodation options are available? even Where can you do sports? 2 3. Who should you see to ask about reporting sick? . 4 5 Where can you buy souvenirs of the Regiment? ccc rc Royal EngineersDFAVO — task1 complete the chart. Use these words. | build/construct (x2) clear demolish employ lay | maintain open operate purify recover repair 1 Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers ‘© maintain and (1) repair mechanical, electrical and electronic equipment © maintain, (2) vow and repair vehicles 2 Royal Signals install, B) oonnennrnnnnnen aNd (4) sonenn «strategic and battlefield ‘communications equipment © 6) electronic warfare assets 3 Royal Engineers Mobility fasks © 0) vmnmnnnnnnnn and clear routes and lanes through minefields or) roads, bridges and airfields and put in temporary bridging Counter mobility tasks © build obstacles, like ditches and steep slopes © Ben _ roads and bridges 29) anti-tank minefields Survivability tasks © (10) sooorssemnennne explosive ordnance including booby traps ean. sonnnn field defences and fortifications Sustainability tasks © build military camps 202 drinking water from lakes, rivers, streams and sewage Task 2 Match the pictures with the definitions, 1 Aengineer vehicle that is driven through a minefield, exploding rnines as it MOVES. oss 2 Arocket:projected explosive line charge used for minefield breaching,Now read the descriptions and check your answers. The Hydrema 910 is an engineer vehicle designed for mine clearance. The system consists of an armoured vehicle with a flail to detonate mines. The Hydrema drives across the minefield, detonating the mines as it moves. The two-man crew sit in an armoured cab which is protected from the exploding mines by @ dellector plate located behind the flail. The Hydrema can clear a path through a minefield or, if given the time, take out an entire minefield. The Hydrema 910 is widely used in humanitarian mining ‘as well as by military engineers. The M58 Mine-Clearing Line Charge (MICLIC) is a rookel-projected explosive line charge which provides a close-in minetield breaching capability Engineer units employ the MICLIC in response to minefield breaching requitements identified by infantry and armoured forces. The MICLICS trailer is towed to the edge of the minefield where an engineer prepares the fine for firing, When it is detonated, it clears @ lane eight melres wide and 100 metres long, The system consists ofa taile, 2 launcher assembly, alline charge and a tive inch RAK 22 Mod 4 rocket. The line charge is 360 feet long and contains five pounds of C-4 explosive per foot charlie Task 1 Read the text and label the clothes with the underlined words. ] Working dress in the British Army consists of barcacks trousers, a khaki shirt and a.green jumper in cold weather. For officers, badges of rank are worn on the epauilettes on each shoulder. Non-commissioned officers wear their badges of rank on the sleeve. All ranks may also choose to wear a wide belt called 2 stable belt with a distinctive colour and insignia (or the different regiments and corps. Officers and NCOs will generally wear either black or brown shoes with working dress, while soldiers will wear black boots. For more formal occasions, all ranks wear No 2 dress uniform. This uniform consists of a jacket, trousers, shirt and tie. Decorations are worn over the left side jacket pocket. The stable belt is not worn with No 2 dress uniform although for very formal occasions, officers may use a belt known as a Sam Brown, The Sam Brown consists of a belt around the waist and a strap that goes over the shoulder. All yanks will wear either a service cap or beret with the No 2 dress uniform with acap badge with the regiment's or corp’s insignia. Task 2 Read the text in Task 1 again and find four differences between the uniforms of officers, NCOs and other enlisted ranks. 45delta comprise (x2) commend by work from Task 1 Complete the text. Use the correct form of these words. look after role support assign to collocate under the control of strength split down into sub units attach to Peed 32 Armoured Engineer Regiment (1) comprises 4 HQ Squadron and three Armoured Engineer ‘Squadrons: 26 Armoured Engineer Squadron, 31 Armoured Engineer Squadron and 39 Armoured Engineer Squadron. The Regiment also has the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (REME) Workshop which (2) the Regiment's vehicles. The Regiment is 6) a Headquarters. a Lieutenant Colonel who the Regimental 32 Engineer Regiment is one of three close support engineer regiments (5) 1 UK Armoured Division. Each regiment (3) (7) to provide close engineer support to 7 Armoured a brigade and the . OF 32 Engineer Regiment is Brigade. Although the Regiment is (8) ... their assets are actually (9) alongside 7 Brigade HQ, the Divisional HQ and the Commander Royal Engineers. When the Regiment deploys, each of, the squadrons supports a battle group. 31 Armoured Engineer Squadron ao) . the Squadron HQ, a Signals Section and three engineer troops. The Squadron comprises a Field Troop, Armoured Troop and a Support Troop. Each troop has a qi) and is usually commanded by a lieutenant. Each of about forty-four men troop is (12) 13) samen section has a strength of eight men and is. three or four called sections. Each commanded by a corporal. 31 Armoured Engineer Squadron is (14) The Royal Scots Dragoon Guards on operations. Task 2 Read the text in Task 1 again and write true or false. 1 The Regiment comprises three squadrons. false 2. The REME Workshop is under the control of the Regiment's Officer Commanding. 3. The Regiment's assets are under the control of 7 Armoured Brigade. 4 31 Armoured Engineer Squadron includes a Field Troop, Armoured Troop and a Support Troop. & 5 3t Armoured Engineer Squadron has a strength of about 40 men, 6 Each section in a troop is comanded by a colonel 46,[ISTENING —task4 11@ Listen and complete the chart, “Engineer tasks in the United States Army | Mobility Counter mobility Survivability General Engineering 1 blocking roads 2 breaching enemy obstacles L 3 buying and maintaining property 4 constructing and repairing facilities 5 destroying airstrips 6 destroying bridges 7 digging armoured vehicle fighting positions | 8 digging trenches | 9 laying short bridges for crossing gaps | | 10 planting iandmines and booby traps |1 wall and door breaching in urban terrain Task 2 Put the paragraphs in order. In the end, the CO invited him to a drink in the mess. So, in the car the corporal I mean the colonel dressed up as a corporal ~ started really insulting the colonel. Well, this lieutenant got so angry that he arrested the corporal. And then when he arrived at the camp gates, he ordered the duty NCO to take the corporal into custody. The NCO just said very calmly ‘I'm afraid I can’t do that, sir’. Well, the lieutenant got really angry with the NCO and demanded to know why and then the NCO told him. Well, we all thought it was very funny, but I'm sure it wasn’t funny for the lieutenant when he found out he'd arrested the colonel. So, as I was saying, we're always playing practical jokes in the mess. The funniest thing ! ever saw was when our last colonel put on a corporal’s stripes and went to the train station to pick up a new lieutenant who was posted here. Of course, this lieutenant didn’t know the colonel [15] @ Now listen to a conversation and check. Task 3 Label the paragraphs. Use these words. | background comment event introduction outcome. | 4aedia operations glossary 48 Hostile environment training Task 1 Translate. bio-chemical suit (n) /barou'kemrk! su:t/ A piece of clothing designed to protect against the threat of biological and chemical weapons. Also NBC suit. hostile environment (n) /hostatl in'vairanmant/ An environment which is dangerous or very difficult to work in. hostile environment training (n) /hostorl rn'vairanmant ‘tremuny A course that teaches participants to live and work in hostile environments, protective vest (n) /pratekiiv vest/ A piece of clothing designed to protect against bullets and shrapnel. survival course (1) /sa'vawvt co:s/ A course that teackes participants to live and work in a dangerous environment, often involving finding food front nature Media relations Task 2 Translate. black out (n) /blaekaul/ When a military unit decides nol 10 use communications equipment censorship (n) /sensafip/ Deleting parts of reports aid other documents for reasons of security. correspondent (n) /korrspondant/ A journalist zwko reports for a radio or television station. embedded journalist (n) /imbedad dss:nalist/ A journalist who lives and travels with a military unit on an operational tour. Also embed. international media (n) /imtanze{n(a)1 ‘misdia/ Radio, television, newspapers and magazines ‘from various countries. media crew (n) /misdia kru:/ The team of reporters, camera operators and other personnel who work in the field and report the news. Also news crew. national media (n) /nae{n(a)} ‘misdia/ Radio, television, newspapers and magazines from a specific country. operational security (n) foporeifnal sikjuarati/ Protection of iinportant military information. public affairs (n) /pabhik afeas/ A branch of the military that specialises in relations with the media. public affairs officer (n) /pablik ofeas ‘ofiso/ A staff officer with responsibility for relations with the media security at source (n) /srkjucareti at so:s/ The practice that involves training and then trusting soldiers not to reveal classified information. the media (n) /Oa 'misdia/ Radio, television, newspapers and magazines considered as a group. the press (n) /0o pres/ Radio, television, newspapers and magazines that report the news and journalists who work for them. war correspondent (n) /wa: korrspondant/ A journalist who specialises in reporting on war ‘and armed conflict Task 3 Write the words in full. 1 OPSEC PA 3 PAOAlpha tasks circe the correct words 1 Ifyou are held hostage, try you to stay /(to stay) calm and keep fit, 2 Don’t get annoyed with soldiers at checkpoints if they keep you waiting / Keep you to swat 3. Ifyou travel near a hostile area be careful taking photos, you risk drawing / to draw attention to yourself, 4 Donot try to escape / you to escape, if you are kidnapped 5 Asan independent journalist, avoid to travel / travelling close to a military convoy. 6 Take a course that offers fo teach / leaching you how to avoid risks in hostile areas Task 2 Complete the text with the correct form of these words. be appoint remain stay see rescue give win treat eat do ask accept hand Advice to kidnap victims First and foremost try to (1) remain calm. Follow the kidnappers’ instructions and do not attempt (2) .... ‘nero’ ‘Show the kidnappers photos of your family if you have them. If you manage 3) ‘their sympathy, they may be less likely to hurt you. Your goal is to get your captors (4) vn you as a ‘teal person’ Hf you are in a group, try (5) together and consider (8) eenoennnnennnne OMB person to Speak for the group. Keep your personal clothes and identification unless your captors force you i) them over. Avoid (8) an exchange of clothes with Yyour captors as this could pul you at risk during @ rescue attempt. Do not be afraid to ask questions about what is happening - but stop (9) questions if you are told to shut up by someone holding an AK47! Try to stay healthy and maintain your strength ~ spend some time (10). ~. exercise every day. Don't stop (11) Eat what you are given even if you are not hungry. Keep as clean as possible and ask your captors (12) .nusinnsmennnne YOU WASHING and toilet facilities. If the authorities attempt (13} o.onnmnmmnnien YOU, lie On the floor and identify yourself ‘as soon as possible. Expect (14) roughly as the police/military exfiltrate you o GEEZbravo Task 1 Correct the sentences. 1 Someone with responsibility for relations with the media is a staffofticer. public affairs officer 2. The protection of important military information is known as top secret. 3. Areporter who lives with a military unit on an operational tour is called an undercover reporter. 4 When a military unit decides not to use communications equipment it organises a go slow, 5 When some parts of a report are deleted for security reasons this is known as cutting. Task 2 Complete the table. Use these words. | someone, somebody sometime kind of, sort of and type of | something in the vicinity of, somewhere some,-a few-about-approvimately-signiticantraterge number of-orse- use words like CUE some, a few, about, approximately, talk about imprecise numbers. | significant, a large number of, or so give an imprecise location say the class to which a thing or person belongs. do not know or want to give details about a person. do not know or want to give details about a thing do not know of Want to give details about a time, Task 3 Match the words that can replace the underlined words and phrases in the text. Iwas talking with (1) someone at the divisional HQ and he told me that they were planning a major cordon and search operation (2) somewhere in Bhatu province. Apparently, its planned for (3) sometime next week. [ hope they have more luck this time. You know, they did a cordon and search operation (4) in the vicinity of Baka last week. I haven't seen the official report yet, but | heard from somebody at HQ that they only got (5) a few old grenades, a couple of rifles - (6) some sort of Second World War model - and a couple of broken RPGs. I really did expect they would have more fuck. When the Malaysians did a similar operation in the next village, they found (7) a large number of weapons that the rebels had left behind. a couple of kilometres south of [| British Lee Enfield bolt-action 303s from the Second World War five in the village of Hatmu Major Singh [7] more than 50 assault rifles next TuesdayCharlie tase complete tne chart extremely | professional reporters | 1 _ incredibly professional reporters absolutely | difficult conditions 2 incredibly | superb job 3 sna nnn very, very | huge difference 4 simply | luck 5 good tough assignment 6 great fantastic people 7 absolutely | pleasure Task 2 Complete the text with some of the words in Task 1. Good evening, ladies and gentlemen, The reason we are here is to say goodbye to Paula and Barry who are leaving us tomorrow. Paula and Barry have spent the last three weeks with us - becoming part of our family here in the battalion ~ and 1 would like to say that it has been a (1) great pleasure working with them. I'm sure you will all agree that Paula and Barry are not only (2) reporters but also, on a personal level, (3) people, Paula and Barry were here to report the news - fairly and objectively ~ and, again, I'm sure you will all agree thet they have done an (4) job in sometimes (5) conditions. Barry and Paula have lived, slept and moved with us over these last weeks and they have shared the same dangers and conditions that we have had to endure, I imagine that for them this has been a (6) assignment but we have all appreciated the job they have done. They have made a (7) difference — especially to our families back home who, thanks to them, have been able to follow what we have been doing. I'm sure you will join me in wishing them (8) een fe the future. 51 CORim delta Task 1 Read the text and write true or false. According to the author, 1. the system of embedded reporters has several advantages for the military. true embedding journalists means more accurate reporting. «. real-time battlefield reporting is not good for soldiers’ morale. .....-- eon journalists only see advantages in the system of embedded reporters. . The Military and the Media In conclusion, the system of embedded reporters or embeds offers a number of advantages for the milicary. ln the first place, che public can see what their military forces are doing and it 1s my experience thac the public are more willing to support us when they know what we are doing and can see that we are doing a good job. Secondly, embedding has meant chat, for the first time, it is possible for journalists to report in real-time on bactlefield events. This means that the media reports more quickly and accurately and this is good for soldiers who can see chat their work is getting the recognition | that it deserves. A third advantage for the military is chat when reporters embed with miliary units sharing the same conditions that soldiers experience ~ they identify closely with the soldiers that chey're living wich. However, many journalists argue chat this identification is another way for the military to control what is reported — coming back full circle to the era of World War 2 when reporters were not in any way objective and, indeed, were often members of the military. listening peel 52 Task 2 Read the text in Task 1 again and underline the examples of that which we can leave out. Task 1 |10)@ Listen to the first part of a briefing and put the topics in order. [_} coffee break {_] practical workshops [_] Lt Parry: experiences dealing with embedded reporters (1) guidetines on giving press conferences Task 2 (17) @ Listen to the rest of the briefing and tick the topics mentioned. 1 the military knowledge of journalists [__] technical military language amount of detail of information [_ |] information on troop strength, aircraft, weapons systems or equipment | _] friendly force casualties ‘hostile force casualties [| previous conventional military operations future conventiona) military operations we ereae on special forces missions |_| 10 questions about classified military information |_|Task 3 (17) @ Listen again and write do or don't. assume that your audience will be experts about military matters. 2 . explain yourself very clearly. 3 be prepared to answer quite basic questions about the military. 4 use technical military language or abbreviations, 5 give too many details. 6 think about what the press will want to know and what you want to communicate, 7 remember operational security and (8) give specific information on troop strength, aircraft, weapons systems or equipment. 9 give approximate numbers about friendly forces troop strength 10 use general words like ‘aircraft’ or ‘a coalition infantry unit. n give detailed figures on friendly force casualties. 12 talk about the details of previous conventional military missions. 13 .. make it quite clear that you can’t talk about classified military information. Ifyou don’t know the answer (18) scnmnunen Say ‘I'm afraid I don’t know the answer, but I'll find out and I'll get back to you’ Task 4 |161@ Listen and circle the correct answer. 1 How long was a reporter embedded with Lieutenant Parry? a three months b three weeks 2 What was Lt Parry's initial reaction to having a reporter embedded with them? a He was happy. b He was unhappy. 3 What was Lt Parry's first concern? a That the embed would join a cohesive group. b That the embed would upset the men 4 What was Lt Parry also concerned about? 2 Thathis men would worry about the reporter's safety. b How the embed would react under fire. 5 Why was the presence of the embed good for morale? a The soldiers’ families saw them on television. b He was popular. 6 What was the only problem the lieutenant had with the embed a During a fire fight, Over report about the treatment of enemy PWs 7 Why were the soldiers angry at the embed? His report resulted in disciplinary action against two soldiers. b He wasn’t objective. 8 What is Lt Parry's opinion about this incident? a The reporter was only doing his job. b The embed was a problem. ss Eo!Desert Storm glossary Laws of armed conflict Task Teanslate. area bombardment (n) /earia bomrba:dmant/ A large-scale air attack on a city, fown or village. collateral damage (n) /ke'let(a)ral ‘daemtds/ Unintended deaths of civilians and destruction of civilian property caused by an attack on a military objective. combatant (1) /kombatant/ In the law of armed conflict, a person with the right to take part in hostilities. Usually members of the armed forces. hors de combat (adj) /o: da ‘kombat/ A French word meaning ‘out of the fight’. indiscriminate attack (n) /ndeskriminat ataek/ An attack tahere no care is taken to avoid hitting non-military objectives. non-combatant (n) /non ‘kombatant/ A person who doesn’t have the right to take part in armed conflict. principle of distinction (n) /pansapl av d'stink{n/ The idea that military forces have an obligation to distinguish between civitians and military targets principle of proportionality (n) /prmsop! av proporfnaeliti/ The idea that attacks causing collateral damage are justified only ifthe expected military advantage is far greater than the expected damage to the civitian population. protected buildings (n) /pratekud ‘bildins/ Buildings such as schools, religious buildings and museums that cam not be attacked unless they are being used for military purposes. Tactical tasks Task 2 Translate. breach (v) fori To secure a passage through enemy minefields, fortifications and other defensive positions. isolate (v) /arsalent/ To seal aff an enemy from his sources of support and prevent contact with other enemy forces neutralise (v) Pnjustralate/ To make an enemy or his resources ineffective or unusable. screen (v) /skri:n/ To observe, identify and report information. Artillery missions Task 3 Translate. close support (n) (klaus se'pott/ Artillery fire placed on eneny positions that are very near to friendly forces. counter-baitery fire (n) /kaunta ‘baet(a)ri'fato/ Artillery fire to destroy the enemy's artillery. general support (n) /dsen(a)ral sapo:t/ Artillery fire lo support the opevatiot as a whole. reinforcement (n) /rianfo:smony An artillery mission where one unit adds to the fire of another. Task 4 Write the words in full. e:) 2 ¢s 3 Gen Sp 4 oftalpha Task 1 Complete the words. 1 Artillery fire to support the operation as a whole 2. Artillery fire to destroy the enemy's arcilery: 3. Artillery fire placed on enemy positions that are very near ta friendly forces. 4 Anartillery mission where one unit adds to the fire of another. Task 2 Look at the map and write the abbreviations for these words. 1 assembly area forward line of own troops 3° line of departure 4 objective 5 phase line Task 3 Look at the map again and write true or false. (1) 2 Armoured Brigade destroys enemy in objective GOLD. true (2) 3 Armoured Brigade destroys enemy in objective RED. (3) 1 Armoured Brigade destroys enemy in objective GREEN. ¢ (4) 1 Armoured Brigade carries out forward passage of lines through 3 Armoured Brigade. (5) 2 Armouted Brigade destroys enemy in objective BLUE (©) 2 Armoured Brigade establishes a blocking position in objective GOLD. >» BERETSbravo same time. Armoured Divi DO 0 Task 1 Read the text and put the events in order. Some events happened at the Ist and 2nd Marine Divisions, launched attacks on the right flank, in the east 101st Airborne ait assault launched an air assault. The 82d Airborne Division followed and supported the 6th French Light 6th French Light Armoured Division attacked to secure objective WHITE. Ist Cavalry Division conducted a feint in the centre. Operation Desert Storm At 4 o'clock in the morning on February 24th, the 1st Marine Division and the 2nd Marine Division, with an attached armour brigade of the 2nd Armoured Division and forces of the Saudi Arabian National Guard - launched attacks on the right flank, in the east. At the same time, on the left flank in the west, the XVIII Airborne corps attacked with two divisions. The 6th French Light Armored Division - with operational control of a brigade of the 82d Airborne Division, attacked to Task 2 Complete the chart. |ambush assault control cover counterattack defeat destroy envelop cexitrate “fix hold interdict isolate secure objective WHITE and protect the coalition’s west flank. The 82d Airborne Division then followed and supported the 6th French Light Armored Division. At8 a.m. the 101st Airborne air assault launched an. air assoult deep into enemy territory to establish forward operating base COBRA. At the same time, the Ist Cavalry Division conducted a (eint in the centre as part of the plan to deceive the enemy as to the location of the coalition’s main effort TM Me mcdoccupy neutralise penetrate reconnoitre retire retain soreen seoure seize support withdraw Charlie ts: Complete the text with would or used to, In some cases you can use both. The Americans had this thing called the ‘rec’ tent, or recreation tent. It’s where we (1) roould/used to go when we came off duty. You could just relax there with a cold drink and play cards or watch TV. We had a similar tent in our own compound but a lot of the guys (2) vvsnnnnnnsnnne preter the American tent. It was open 24 hours a day and it was air conditioned ~ it was the only really coo! place in the camp. The truth is the Americans had better facilities than us. In fact, a lot of us (3) go over to their cookhouse ~ especially at the weekend. Before I went out there, (41. ws think that American food was rubbish but the truth is they did really great barbecues. Sometimes, we (5) saan exchange rations with them. Of course, we had our own rations. But sometimes we (6) exchange our rations for their MREs - that’s “Meals Ready to Eat’. They (7) have really good Mexican and Chinese food in their MREs ~ much more interesting stuff than ours. One of the big problems was boredom ~ at Jeast, in the two months before the ground war began. The days (8) seem really long and & was important to keep the troops busy. In the mornings, we went for a run around the camp and, in the evenings, we played football. That's soccer, not American football. We (9) have competitions between the companies and then, every week or so, we (10) have an international competition. Task 2 Read the text in Task 1 again and tick the things the soldier used to do. 1 relax in the rec tent with a cold drink [7] play cards in the rec tent work out in the gym [~] 2 3 4 go to eat in the American cookhouse [_] 5 attend formal dinners in the mess [| 6 go to barbecues in the American compound [| 7 cook Chinese and Mexican food [~ |] 8 go fora run around the camp perimeter [| 9. play American football |] 10 play soccer against other units [| 5delta ts: Complete the puzzle. Across 11 A French expression meaning injured or disabled, oF ‘out ofthe fight for any f P other reason. 2 An attack where no care is taken to | avoid hitting non-military objectives. 3 Allarge-Scale air attack on a city, town or vilinge 4 Inthe law of armed contlct a person : with the right to take part in hostilities 5 Urinvended deaths of civilians and | destruction of civilian pregerty caused } byan attack on a military objective. Down 6 A person who doesn't have the right to take part in armed conflict, 7 Buildings such as schools, religious Ee buildings and museums which cannot be attacked unless they are being used for military purposes. 2 8 The idea that attacks that cause collateral damage are justtied only ifthe expected military advantage is far coreater than the expected damage tothe civilian population. 9 The idea that military forces must distinguish between avvful combatants and non-combatants ané only engage valid military targets. G Ss Task 2 Write true or false. According to the laws of armed conflict, 1 combatants include all persons directly participating in military operations, even if they don’t wear a uniform. true 2 non-combatants cannot be directly targeted unless they engage in hostile acts. 3. attacks causing collateral damage are justified if the expected military advantage is far greater than the expected damage 4 schools and religious buildings may not be used for military purposes. . 5 itis unlawful to attack medical facilities whether or not they are properly marked. 6 it is unlawful to shoot at airborne troops (paratroopers) as they descend. 7 soldiers who violate the laws of war may only be tried by a military court-martial, an enemy court or an international tribunal soldiers are personally responsible even if they have orders to commit a war crimelistening Task 1 1191@ Listen to a talk and write true or false. ‘The woman has been deployed in a desert area. d. 2 According to the woman, the worst thing about the desert is the heat. 3 She spent a lot of time cleaning. .. 4 Sandstorms didn’t happen very often. 3 The sandstorms would sometimes last more than 24 hours. 6 The sand was a problem for the vehicles. 7 ‘The sand was causing problems with the weapons. Task 2 (10) Listen again and answer the questions. How did they reduce the effects of the sandstorms? soe.on 2. Why was the sand a problem for the weapons? 3. How did they deal with the problem with the weapons? 4 Why was this an unexpected solution? Task 3 \20) @ Listen to the briefing and put the topics in order. casualty estimates redeployment of forces out of theatre = {_] 2 possible amphibious landing, the role of French forces [_] the role of special forces Task 4 1:01 Listen again and match the sentences with the topics. casualty estimates [7] 2 the role of French forces [| 3 a possible amphibious landing [~] 4 redeployment of forces out of theatre [| 5 the role of special forces a Well, that’s not altogether correct. b Again, that’s not exactly a correct statement. ¢ wish f could answer that question with more details, but the truth is [don’t have the estimates. d_ Y'mafraid I can’t go into any more detail ‘¢ That's way above my pay grade. . eeeRe Cm ty L glossary CE] « Meetings Task 1 Translate. agenda (n) /sdsenda/ A list of the items that will be discussed in a meeting. any other business (a) /eni ‘Ader ‘brznas/ Items that are not on the agenda that participants discuss at the end of a meeting. chairman (n) /feaman/ The person in charge of a meeting. deadline (n) /dediain/ The last date by which a task must be completed. delegate (n) /delagat/ A person appointed as 2 representative. distinguished visitor (n) /di'stingwift ‘vreuto/ A very important visitor. draft (n) jdrastt/ A plan or written document that may be changed before itis finished handout (n) fhaendaur/ A document that is given out during a meeting or briefing. introductory remarks (n) /anmadaki(a)ri rimacks/ Comments at the leginning of a meeting or briefing. item (n) fastamy One of several subjects to be considered in a meeting. need to know (n) /ni:d ta ndu/ The requirement that secret information is only given to those people who actually need to know the information. provisional agenda (n) /provisnal sdsendo/ An agenda thet may be changed. secretary (n) /sekratri/ The person rwho organises the mecting, takes notes and then writes a summary of the meeting. security clearance (n) /srkjvoroti ‘klirans/ Permission to access restricted, classified or secret information and documents. summary record (n) /samari r'ko:d/ A written record of things that were talked about and decisions that were made in a meeting. Also called minutes. technical specifications (n) /tekmkl spesifikerfns/ A technical plan that details exactly how something is to be made or done. working group (n) fwa:kiq gruip/ A group of people who examine a problem and make recommendations. Computers Task 2 Translate. database (n) /dentabers) Software used for storing, organising and reviewing large amounts of information. local area network (nm) /laukl ‘earia‘secwark/ A system of connected computers in a building or facility spreadsheet (n) /spred Ji: Software used for recarding and presenting munbers and financial information. wide area network (n) /watd ‘aria netwsik/ A system of connected computers in different buildings in different locations. word processing (n) Avoid ‘prasesin/ Softioare used for writing letters, reports and other kinds of documents, Task 3 Write the words in full. LAN 0B WAN .alpha Task 1 Write the words in full. 1 ASAP 2 NLT 3 WG 4 AOB Task 2 Match the headings with the expressions. Propose a change Confirm arrangements Askforcomments-on-suggested dates and-times- Request comments on a document Refer to attachments 1 Ask for comments on suggested dates and times Twould be grateful if representatives could let me know ASAP whether these dates are acceptable 2 . Tam now in a position to confirm 3 sv I would like to propose that Attached you will find the agenda for the meeting 5 It would be appreciated if you could review this document Task 3 Complete the text, Use the expressions in Task 2. Dear Colleasues, (1) Tam now in a postion to confirm che dates for she next working group meeting in Ankara. The dates are Monday, September 13 through Thursday, Sepcember 17 (inclusive). Since a number of delegates have early flights, (2) wwe finish at 1500 hrs on che Thursday. (3) representatives could let me know ASAP whether this change is acceptable. (4) scm the drafe ‘of small changes since che last drafe, so (5) and lec me have your wgenda for the meeting. Please note chat we have a number comments in writing NLT close of business on Monday, 7 March. Regards, Maj, James Tucker ~ Secretary, Medium Tactical Truck Working Group Task 4 Read the letter in Task 3 again and answer the questions. 1 What date will the meeting start? 2 What date will the meeting finish? .... 3° What time will the meeting finish? . 4 Are these arrangements final? What attachments does Major Tucker include? 6 What does Major Tucker ask the reader to do? 6tbravo 2 Items that are not on the agenca that Task 1 Complete the puzzle. Across participants discuss atthe end of a IN| =a « TTAT [MMT FT Tf TSTS) a iit caret ings at wer tales D about and decisions that were made in a o meeting Down R T Adocument that is given out during a eating orbiting 2 Ait of he tems tat wil be dscussed ina resting 3 The person who organises the meeting uel UC] tL LI ales oes and en wes a summary o Task 2 Match the headings with the expressions. Make a suggestion Move on to the next item on the agenda ‘Thank a participant for a comment or suggestion Ask for comments, objections or suggestions Introduce the first item on the agenda 1 Introduce the first item on the agenda The first item this morning is Does anyone have any comments on ... ? Are there any objections? Are there any other comments on ...? Can [ take it that we are all in agreement? Vd like to suggest that I wonder if we could ... ? A cro Your point is well taken, We appreciate your offer. ‘Moving on to the next item on the agenda, ‘The next item on the agenda is Task 3 Complete the conversation with expressions from Task 2. A. (1) Thefirst item this morning is the adoption of the agenda ® the agenda? B_ Excuse me, Mr Chairman. [have a request. I'd like to request that we move Item B to this aftemoon, A. Very well. (3) 2 Let me ask the Secretary to make a note of these changes. We will move item B to 1400, @ the agenda?© Mr Chairman, you said earlier that there will be a reception in the officer’s club at TB. (8) sa we suppress the coffee break at 1515 and finish at 1700. A ©) a ee 2 Will the Secretary please take note? We will move item E forward, to 1515, and finish today’s meeting at 1700. Now, (8) Charlie tase match these words with their definitions guest hospitality host RSVP 1 AFrench expression that means ‘please reply to this invitation’ 2 Apperson who you have invited to a social event or who is staying with you 3 Things that people do to make their guests feel welcome and at home. 4 A person who invites guests to a social event. Task 2 Put the conversations in order. Conversation 1 Julie, may Tintroduce Colonel Shamborov? Colonel, this is Julie Monigomery. How do you do? DDE Yes, that’s very kind. I'l have a glass of mineral water, please. OF course, it was nice meeting you. I hope we get another chance to talk later. A 8 B B Yes, very much. And you have a beautiful garden - it's very pleasant out here. B c Are you enjoying yourself, Colonel? Pleased to meet you. Can I get you anything to drink? ° Ot © [[] welt, if you'll excuse me, Colonel. I should go and say hello to our ather guests Cc Yes it is, isn’t it? D_ [J Het, Boris. Julie, I'm sorry to interrupt you, but there’s someone I'd like you torneet. Conversation 2 A [_| And please call me if you're ever in Moscow. A [_] Please do and I can return the hospitality. Well, I must be going ~ my taxi is waiting, Good night and thank you again. A [_]Soam 1. Well, it's been 2 pleasure to meet you and thank you very much for inviting us. i's been a lovely evening. A_ [1] Well John. I really must be getting back to my hotel. We have a very early start tomorrow. B_ [_] Good night, Boris. And have a safe trip back to Moscow. yy, ® Icertainly will. Tunderstand, Boris. U'm sorry you have to leave so early. B_ [_] Notatall. It’s been our pleasure. a Paldelta Task 1 Complete the puzzle. Across 2 A list of options in a computer pragram. 5 Software used for writing Jeters, reports and other kinds of F documents L 8 A system of connected computers in a building or facty 10 A systam of connected computers in diferent auildings in F TeF diferent locations | [om] _[s i bown P LI} 1 Asecret combination of letters or | ml fuumbers which is used with a | |, computer to prove who you are. 0) [ ¢ R K | 3 Aunique identitication tor a person — L to access a computer or computer program 8 4 Software used for recording ana LI er ty presenting numbers and financial information. $ 6 To enter a computer or computer I 1 program, le { 7 Software used for storing, organising : information. [o| MT irl || LIwl T [x] 8 The instructions that contrat what a . computer does and lets the user do specific tasks. Task 2 Complete the text with these words. In some cases, more than one answer is possible. after before when while Could you please turn on the computer in front of you? Now, (1) while we're | waiting for the computer to start up, let me explain one or two important points, (2) suunnnnaw the program has loaded, go to the program menu. You'll find it in the bottom left-hand corner of the screen. Let me know (3) you've | found it, please. Now, click on the DBASE program icon. (4) weean start to look at the program, you'll need to log in with your username and | password. This is obviously important - you won't be able to perform any useful tasks with the program (5) YOu log in. $0, (6) wenn younave the — | password box, type the username GUEST and, (7) vmnnnnm that, the password GUEST. (8) you log in, you will see the progeam’s main menu. (9) you have the main menu, go to the left-hand side of the screen and ‘open the database. That's the button DBase. (10) you select this button, you should see a list of all vehicles in the database. Now, (11) you have this list, select the first vehicle ~ that’s M06240B. Does everyone have that? OK, | good. What we're going to do now is access the record of maintenance done on | this vehicle. (12) cm that, We'll plana maintenance schedule for the vehicle. “listening Task (21) @ Listen to the start of a meeting and put the topics in order. security administrative announcements absences new representatives the agenda promotions Task 2 (21) @ Listen again and answer the questions. 1 How many new representatives are attending the meeting? 2. Which country’s representative has recently been promoted? 3 Why is the Danish representative, Colonel Karlsen, unable to attend? 4 Why is the Belgian representative, Brigadier General Mertens, unable to attend? 5 What security clearance is required for the meeting? 6 Who should the representatives contact if they need assistance? 7 What is the first item on the agenda? ATCT HOURS MONDAY RUSTE © 10.00 introdustory remarks tem: D Start at (4) © Approval of Agenda “Approval of summary record | 40.45. COFFE: anEAK ftom: A tem: E (2) Move to... /LUNCH BREAK LUNCH BREAK © Y00 iter: B (1) MOVE 10 scsnnnssnnan ftom: F "15.15 COFFEE BREAK COFFEE BREAK ee fem: C (3) Finish at . A MOM: G (5) Stab Bannon 1 . Round up Task 4 22) @ Listen again and write the reasons for the changes. 1 ween| 1) Special Air Service glossary special forces Task1 Translate. special forces (n) /spef! forsr2/ Highly trained troops who specialise in unconventional military operations. Also called special operations forces. special operations (n) /spefl ,oporet{ns/ Specialised military éasks carried out by special {forces and including counter-terrorism, hostage rescue and raids in enemy territory Special forces missions and techniques Task 2 Translate. cordon (n) fkoidni A control line to monitor or stop movement into or out of an area. counter-drug operations (n) /Kaunta drag opotrer{ns/ Operations conducted lo stop the srafficking of legal drugs and arrest people involved in trafficking counter-terrorism (n) fkaunta ‘terarrz(a)m/ The practices, tactics and strategies that governments and armed forces adopt in order to fight terrorism denied area (1) /dtnaid ‘earia/ A country or region where, normally for political reasons, military forces cannot operate apenly. Forces must maintain secrecy and avoid detection when operating in a denied area. Also denied tertitory. escape and evasion (n) /isketp and tvergn/ The procedures and operations that military personnel use in order to avoid being captured and return to an area under friendly control. explosive entry (n) /iksplaustv ‘entri/ A technique to breach a door or window with explosives. fast rope (v) /fa:st raup/ To climb down from a rock, tall building or helicopter with the aid of @ rope. Also rope down or rappel. hostage rescue (1) /hostids reskju:/ Operations conducted in order to free kidnap victims and other hostages limit of exploitation (n) /limnt av eksplotterfn/ A control measure in offensive operations that troops must not move beyond. Military Aid to the Civil Power (n) /mili(a)ri eid ta do sivl ‘pavo/ Assistance provided by the armed forces to the police in maintaining taco and order. X-Ray (a) feks rev Special forces code word for a terrorist or hostage taker. Yankee (n) fjenki/ Special forces code word for a hostage. Task 3 Write the words in full. 1 cr 2 ERE 3 LOE 4 MACP 5 SF 6 spec ops TEESE] aalpha Task 1 Complete the words. 1 Operations conducted in arder to free kidnap victims and other hostages 2 Assistance provided by the acmed forces to the police in maintaining law and order. M______y A clk. LIPLiie 3. The practices, tactics and strategies that governments and armed forces adopt in order to fight terrorism. ¢ 4 Operations conducted to stop the trafficking of illegal drugs and arrest people involved in trafficking. ¢ Task 2 Complete the text with the verbs in brackets in the correct form. The United Kingdom special forces (UKSF) (1) are believed to include (be + believe + include) three units: the Special Air Service (SAS), the Special Boat Service (SBS) and the Special Reconnaissance Regiment (SRR) The SAS is the main special forces organisation of UKSF. The British Ministry of Defence has a policy of not discussing the SAS or its operations but (2) (it + be + estimate) that the Regiment numbers approximately 509 troopers. However, @) (it + be + believe) that this number was increased by about 80 troopers in 2004 in order to fight the global ‘war on terror’ ‘The SBS is the maritime special forces unit of UKSF. The SBS is part of the Royal Navy and is based in Poole, Dorset. During the Cold War, the SBS was organised as a ‘conventional’ maritime special operations unit. However, the SBS (8) snnsnneninnnnnnnnnnnvnene (BC+ TepOTt + be) more and more involved in both counter-terrorist operations and in the war on drugs. The SBS 5) 7 (be + think + have) a complement of around 100 troopers at any one time, | Formed in response to a need for greater’force against terrorism’, the SRR is the newest special forces unit of UKSF. The SRR became operational on 6 April 2005 and (6) (be + supposed + free) the SAS and SBS from surveillance duties and allow them to engage in the ‘hard end’ of (itrber | expect) that the SRR will operate around the world, | missions. (7) working closely with friendly intelligence agencies such as the CIA. Few details are publicly available, but (8) that the unit is approximately half the size of the (it + be + believe) SAS. Unlike other UKSE, the SRR lo (be + believe + recruit) both men and women. Task 3 Read the text in Task 2 again and complete the chart. Write SAS, SBS or SRR. Role main special forces organisation of UKSF (1) SAS maritime special forces unit of UKSF (2) involved in the war on drugs (3) specialises in surveillance duties (4) Strength approximately 500 troopers (5) approximately 300 operatives (6) approximately 100 troopers (7) recruits men and women (8) 87bravo tax: Complete the puzzle, 1A control line to monitor or stop movement Ty into or out of an area. Ex] 2 Atechnique to breach a door or window with explosives 3. Special forces code word for a terrorist or hostage taker 4 Special forces code word for a hostage. Task 2 Read the text and write true or false. This is the situation. Four hours ago, at exactly 1000 hours, armed men took over the Tagoan Embassy building on King’s Road. We do not yet know the exact number of X-rays but from our initial reconnaissance, it seems likely that there are approximately eight terrorists. At this moment, we have no pictures of, or information on, any of the terrorists and the identity of the group has not been firmly established, but all indications show that they are members of the Tagoan Revolutionary Front —a terrorist organisation whose objective is independence for the south of Tago. From the policernan who was on duty outside the embassy this morning, we know that there are exactly 16 Yankees in the building ~ 14 Tagoan nationals, the cleaner and a tourist who was apparently at the embassy to apply for a visa. Based on initial reconnaissance, it seems that the group have split up the Yankees and moved them around the building (One terrorist armed with a submachine gun has been spotted at a ground floor window next to the door and it isa reasonable assumption that the rest of the group have automatic weapons and possibly grenades and improvised explosive devices. | The police have established a cordon around the building and the only communication érom the X-rays is that they will start to shoot the Yankees if they see anyone move in towards the building It is a reasonable assumption that they will carry out this threat. | 1 Armed men took over the Tagoan Embassy building at 1000 hours this morning, true The security forces have established that there are eight terrorists in the building, 3 Ibis believed that the terrorists are members of the Tagoan Revolutionary Front 4 The security forces do not know the exact number of hostages in the building. 5 The hostages include a tourist who was st the embassy to apply for a visa. 6 The security forces have established that the hostages have been split up and moved around the building, 7 Itis believed that the terrorists are armed with automatic weapons. 8 The terrorists have threatened to start shooting the hostages if anyone approaches, the building. 9 The security forces are ‘aking the terrorists’ threat seriously.CHALLE task1 Maten these words with their definitions. directing staff (to) drop out drop out rate physical training instructor returned-to-unit 1 Tobe sent home and not finish a course. returned fo unit To leave a course voluntarily and not finish it 3 The number of people on a course who decide to leave and not finish it Staff Officers and NCOs who act as trainers on a military course. 5 Amilitary instructor who supervises sports and physical training. Task2 Label the pictures with the correct area of fitness. upper-body strength lower-body strength & =A : \ ; ar Task 3 Complete the text with the correct form of these words. affect applyto avoid buildup do(x2) get getin give up see start start with take off watch out for workon work If you want to (1) apply to the SAS selection course, you need to (2) fit I mean, really (3) so shape. You need to (4) total body fitness - that’s upper and lower body strength, fitness and stamina. The best way is to (5) light exercise and (6) progressively. When I started, I began with light exercises: swimming, running, and I ” plenty of stretching exercises. And remember, don’t train every day. It's important to (8) a day every so often. That way you'll ° injuries from over training. Also, (10) any old injuries and, again, remember to (11) plenty of stretching exercises. You probably ought to go and (12) the medical officer and get a thorough evaluation before you (13) training. He can tell you if you've got any prior injuries that could (14) your training, And ifI were you, I'd (15) cigarettes. If you smoke, you'll just have to (18) harder to get the same results.Celta — task1 read the text and answer the questions. [ “The 1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta (Aisborne) is a Special Operations | Force (SOF) of the United States Army. It is more commonly known as Delta within the US army and Delta Force to the general public. The force's main task is counter-terrorism, although it is extremely versatile, Delta Force is believed to conduct missions similar to those of the British Special Air Service, after which Delta Force was modelled. Although very little is known about Delta Force, it seems that one of its components is the Funny Platoon’ Allegedly, this unit consists only of women and is the only part of the US special operations community that accepts female operatives, It is believed that the Platoon’s mission is to infiltrate a country ahead of a Delta intervention in order to gather intelligence, since there are some places in the world where women would arouse less suspicion than men. For this reason, its members receive training in the use of disguises and concealable small arms. It is not known whether any members of the ‘Funny Platoon’ have been involved in Delta Force operations to date. 1 What is the main mission of Delta Force? 2 What is the connection between Delta and the British Special Air Service? 3 Who can join Delta's Funny Platoon’? 4 Why is the ‘Funny Platoon’ unique?.. 5. Whatis the mission of the ‘Funny Platoon’? 6 What special training do members of the ‘Funny Platoon’ receive? Task2 Complete the sentences with these words. another reason why because for this reason since (x2) the-reasonsfor Women in the military Although women are permitted to serve in the military in most countries, only a few countries allow women to fill active combat roles. (1) The reasons for excluding women have to do with both combat effectiveness and culture. In the first place, itis often argued, women do not make good combat soldiers simply (2) they are Jess aggtessive than men. In a similar way, it fs suggested that (3) less upper-body strength than men, they will have women typically have problems with carrying weights - including a wounded comrade ~ around the battlefield. Other Ei» | reasons for excluding women from combat roles have to do with the idea of protecting women. In many cultures, women hold a special place and there is a duty to protect women. (4) say the opponents of women in combat, male soldiers could take foolish risks defending women. Related to this idea of protection, (5) se women are excluded from front line units is the threat of sexual assault if women ate taken prisoner ~a risk that is generally unique to female soldiers. Some people argue that women should not serve in the military at all (6) they distract | male soldiers from their duty.Task3 Read the text in Task 2 again and tick the arguments that are mentioned, Arguments against women in the military 1 Women do not have the same natural aggression as men. [7 God did not intend women to go to war or engage in battle. 2 3. Women typicaily have less upper-body strength than men. [_] 4 Many wives do not like the idea of their husbands sleeping in a trench with a female. Female soldiers cannot carry the same heavy weights as men. [| ‘Male soldiers could take foolish risks in order to defend women. [_ ] Male soldiers might put the protection of women before the mission. |__| ‘There is a greater threat of sexual assault for women if they become PWs. [_] Female troops are likely to be sexually harassed by male soldiers in their unit. |_| 10 Female soldiers could distract male soldiers from doing their job. [| FiSt@MIMG task 1 risten to a briefing about SAS selection and put the phases in the correct order. Combat Survival [ Endurance Initial Continuation Training [] Special Forces Briefing Course -_] Jungle Training Course 231@ Now listen again and write how long each of the five phases of selection are. l ~ - se 2 3 4 5 Task 2 (231 @ Answer the questions. Then listen again and check your answers. In which phase of selection, do candidates learn to live off the land? does training take place in the country of Brunei? do candidates have to march 60 kilometres in less than 24 hours? do candidates learn to handle small arms and explosives? do about 90% of candidates drop out or get returned to unit? ... are candidates briefed on what to expect during selection? do candidates complete the SAS parachute training? do candidates have to resist tactical questioning? >» ESSETMT EOE glossary ced ie International coalitions Task 1 Translate. coalition (n) /kavstli{n/ A temporary alliance between t200 or more countries. Usually established to achiewe a specific objective. lead nation (n) flisd ‘nerfn/ A country that takes responsibility for organising and coordinating a multinational ferce mandate (n) /maendeil/ A United Nations agreement that specifies the structure and mission of a peace support operation. troop contributing nation (n) firup kantibjutin nerfn/ A country that sends military wnits to lake part in a multinational farce. Order of battle Task 2 Translate. committed forces (n) /komitid f9:s12/ ‘Those forces already on the ground. composition (n) /kompo'afn/ The wnits and equipment that make up a military force. disposition (n) /dtspo'zsfn/ The location of headquarters and the tactical deployment of units on the ground. order of battle (n) /o:de av ‘baetl/ The strength, composition and disposition of a military force Modern warfare Task 3 Translate. asymmetrical conflict (n) /eisimetnkl ‘konflikt/ Conflict between regular and irregular {forces where the irregular forces, unable to challenge regular military forces on equal terms, resort to unconventional tactics and weapons: attrition warfare (n) /atri{n ‘wo:fea/ A military doctrine thet aims to wear down the enemy through repeated attacks and by the gradual destruction of his forces. centre of gravity (mn) /senta ov ‘graevati/ The main source of an enemy's power and strength. close operations (n) /klaus parerfns/ Operations where friendly forces are in immediate contact with the enemy. deep operations (n) /di:p ppoterfns/ Operations on a batlefield where the main combat units ‘are the most forward troops. information warfare (1) /infaimer{n wo:fea/ Getting into the enemy's computer network fn order to disrupt his commands, control and communications capabilities. manoeuvre warfare (n) /msinu:va 'worteo/ A military doctrine that aims to break the enemy's will to fight by using mobility and attacking his centre of gravity. psychological warfare (n) /sakolodyrkl wo-fea/ The use of tactics that aim to lower the enemy's morale, rear operations (0) /no ,opatex{ns/ Operations behind the enemy's front lines ~ often directed at his command aid control elements.ANNA tascs Read the text and write tre or false. 1 This document was written by the United Nations Security Council. true The United Nations is worried about the humanitarian situation in Rafiki The government of Matata has asked the international community for help, UN resolution 470 requized Matata to withdraw its troops from Rafiki The goverment of Matata has withdrawn its troops from Rafik ‘This document provides for a new peacekeeping operation in Rafiki The UN is asking for countries to contribute troops to a new operation. Resolution 499 Adopted by the Security Council at its meeting on 13 March The Security Council, Recalling its resolussons 527 and 470, Deeply concerned by the continuing violence in Rafiki and by the humanitarian situation in that country, Adinouledging the appeal of the Government of Rafiki for the urgent support of the international commaunity t0 assist in restoring peace and security in Rafiki, Determining that the situation in Rafiki constitutes a threat to international peace and security, Noting that, despite all efforts by the United Nations, Matata refuses 10 comply with its obligation 10 implement resolution 470 and withdraw from Rafiki, in contempt of the Security Comncil, Acting under Chapter VIL of the Charter of the United Nations, 1, Authorizes the immediate deployment of a Multinational Force for Rafiki for a period of not more than six months (rom adoption of this resolution: (a.) To use all necessary measures (© uphoid and implement resolution 470, and all subsequent relevant resolutions and to restore international peace and security in the area; (b.) To facilitate the provision of humanitarian assistance and the access of intecnational humanitarian workers to the Rafikian people in need: (c) To intervene at the request of the United Nations Operation in Rafiki in support of its elements whose security may be threatened, (a) To help to protect civilians in Odero and elsewhere in Rafiki, as appropriate and as circumstances peemits 2. Calis on Member States to conuibute personnel, equipment and other necessary financial and ogisti¢ resources on an urgent basis to the Multinational Force for Rafiki: 3, Authorizes the Member States participating in the Multinational Force for Rafiki to take all necessary measures (0 fulfil its mandate; Task 2 Read the text again and write true or false. Resolution 499 1 authorises the establishment of a muitinational coalition ~ the Multinational Force for Rafiki. true determines the size and organisation of the MNF, indicates how long the mission will last. authorises the MNF to do everything necessary to force Matata to withdraw. .. requites the MNF Commander to protect civilians in his area of responsibility, determines which country will lead the MNF, indicates what support Rafiki should provide to the MNE a esbravo sx: ‘Complete the puzzle. F Across 2 Those forces actually on the ground, 3 The strength, composition and disposition of a itary free RIC] 1] 4 Tetocaion ot readauartes arte tact 4eployment at units onthe gtd TITL |] tom 14 The units and equipment that make up military force Task 2 Look at the map and write true or false. (2) The formation deployed in Odero is the Matatan Second Mechanized Division. false (2) The Matatan Army First Mechanized Division HQ is located in Oderville. ‘The Matatan Army First Mechanized Division assets include, (8) an artillery Battery. eocnnne (4) an air defence artillery battery. wsounne (8) a support battalion. ves nenn (6) military police battalion. (7) One division has three brigade-size formations in its ORBAT. 4...» (8) 3 Brigade is a motorised infantry brigade. (9) 3 Brigade is currently conducting. operations in the vicinity of Solat. . (10) 1 Brigade is a mechanized infantry brigade. cme (11) 1 Brigade is currently conducting operations south of Amatshe. (12) Close air support is provided by 402 Squadron, located in Odero. - 1"Charlie task1 match the descriptions/phrases with the gestures. q Nice to meet you. / Good morning. [_ ] 2. lapprove - that’s good! [| 3° Amilitary gesture of respect. [__] 4 Vior vietory. We are victorious. [_] 5 We will never surrender. |_| Task 2 Match the sentences Less polite More polite 1 You can’t smoke here. a Actually, that’s not correct. 2. Make a photocopy for me. b Doyou think you could make a photocopy for me? 3. Idisagree. ¢ He's from Poland, isn’t he? 4 Help me with this? 4 wonder if you could help me with this 5 That's incorrect. e I’'mafraid smoking isn’t permitted here. 6 He's from Poland £ I'msorry but don’t agree. delta task: Complete the words. attrition warfere nf_om_t__n warfare c_atr_ of gr_v_ty _vr_ warfare psych_I_g_c_I warfare eau 1 2 3 d_s_ operations 4 d__p operations r__roperations Task 2 Match the words in Task 1 with their definitions, ‘a Operations behind the enemy's front lines - often directed at his command and control elements. rear operations bb Amilitary doctrine that aims to wear down the enemy through repeated attacks and by the graduat destruction of his forces. © Amilitary doctrine that aims to break the enemy's will to fight by using mobility and attacking his centre of gravity d_ Getting into the enemy's computer network in order to disrupt his commands, control and communications capabilities. . © The use of tactics that aim to lower the enemy’s morale. £ Operations where friendly forces are in immediate contact with the enemy. § The main source of an enemy’s power and strength = Operations on a battlefield where the main combat units are the most forward troops. 75 inceTask3 Complete the text with the correct form of these verbs. bring (2) cause (x2) lead (x4) result (x3) The age of modern warfare (i) twas brought about by the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648. In the first generation of warfare (1GW), line and column tactics Q).. drill and ceremonial, uniforms, saluting and rigid toa military culture characterised by rank structures. Second generation warfare (2GW) largely @ increased the destructive power used on the from new technologies which battlefield. Line and column tactics became suicidal and this (4) con where the objective was to wear down the enemy and ©) oo and centralised decision making. .. to the adoption of tactics in a military culture of obedience In modern times, the employment of even more destructive weapons, together with advances in. information technology and communications ©. even more radical changes. Commonly known as manoeuvre warfare, this third generation warfare (3GW) is fought on land, in the air and at sea and involves a combination of deep, close and rear operations. 3GW (7) wx.omnenennn ta military culture that emphasises initiative and. decentralised decision making by junior commanders. Globalisation and modern communications ee warfare yet seen. Fourth Generation Warfare (AGW) is, O) conflict where the nation state is involved in conflict about the most radical changes in by cultural, ethnic and religious with irregular forces who, unable to challenge regular nllitary forces on equal terms, resort to unconventional tactics and weapons. 4GW. (10) and will als0 (11) situations where the actions of junior personnel will in an increased use of special forces to more and more influence both the immediate tactical situation and | also the operational and strategic levels. Task 4 Read the text in Task 3 and complete the chart. STS pons and tactles ~ asymmetrical warfare = attition warfare ~ brought about by new technologies '— employment of line and column tactics — increased use of special forces strictly controlled batlfields Military culture and decision-making decentralised decision-making — drill and rigid rank structures ~~ fought by ‘strategic corporals’ line and column tactics become suicidal ~ fought by generals with no room for initiative by junior commanders ;listening Task 1 (21) @ Listen to the introduction to a briefing and answer the questions. 1 What is the name, rank and appointment of the briefer? 2. Whatis the purpose of the briefing? 3. How will the speaker start his briefing? Task 2 (251@ Listen to the rest of the briefing and put the topics in order. Area of operations [_] Opposing forces capabilities [J Conclusions [J Opposing forces situation Neutral forces Task 3 (251 @ Listen again and complete the slides. 2 Opposing forces situation and capabilities -6). of hostile forces — composition of hostile forces Gio... of hostile forces 4 Area of operations — hostile forces (7) = weather conditions in the AO = OPFORS artillery assets ~ effects of weather conditions on 0) ~ effects of weather conditions on our own forces: | _ = OPFORs present activities ~ obstacles and (2) possible OPFOR (9). ~ effects of the terrain on (3) = effects ofthe terrain on (4) 3. Neutral forces _ = the UNHCR andthe Red Cross and (10) = elements of the United Nations Operation in Rafiki Task 4 (25) @ Listen to the next part of the briefing and write TF (Task Force) or MIF (Mechanized Infantry Brigade) next to each unit. 1 1x dth Parachute Battalion, India 2. Lx helicopter squadron, Nigeria .. 3. 2x armoured infantry battalions, Ukraine 4 1x mechanized battalion, South Africa 5° 1x para artillery, India 6 1xsignals squadron, South Africa 7 2x infantry battalions, Kenya 8 1x pata battalion, Nigeria nReview 2 (Units 7-12) EEE = Task 1 Which word is different? Why? Example: a rear operations (b)order of battle ¢ deep operations d attrition warfare T's not a type of warfare. 1 a abatis b fascines 2 a embed b media crew a neutralise general support 4 a chairman b delegate a counter- b hostage rescue terrorism 6 a coalition b lead nation Task 2. Complete the words. Example: Sp Ops Special Operations 1 OPSEC PA piblic _ff__es PAO p_bl_e _ff_ cB c 2 3 4 _nt_rb_t_ry 5.cs cl_s_ s_ppurt 6 Gen Sp 7 8 9 sft LAN WAN 10 DB 1 ASAP 12 NLT 13 WG 14 AOB 15 MACP 16 CT 17 E&E se 18 LOE 1 19 SE 20 ORBAT _rd_r _f b_ttl_ =Parotiin_l sleir © anti-tank ditch © public affairs officer close support © draft € Military Aid to the Civil Power © mandate d a d a slope obstacle war correspondent reinforcement secretary raids troop contributing nationTask 3 Complete the sentences. Example: The barracks is where soldiers sleep. 1 AUN medal is @ decoration is given for service on UN missions. 2 An AVLBisan engineer vehicle carries a bridge on top. 3 The Motor Transport Officer is the offi€€F summons is responsible for all the regiment’s vehicles 4 A commissioned officer is a service member holds a document gives him authority to exercise command. 5 The parade ground is the place ...nm.nu the Whole regiment parades on special occasions. Task 4 Match the words, 1 armoured a battery 2 artillery b company 3. aviation © regiment 4 engineer squadron 5 infantry troop Task 5 Complete the chart with these words. terrain features friendly forces enemy forces ambush canalise 1 envelop support withdraw 2 cover clear seize 3 - secure Task 6 Complete the sentences. Use off, on, out, in and up. Example: If you want to join the army, you need to get in shape. 1 To get fit, you need to Work .....1m total body fitness, 2. Start with light exercise and build ......... slowly. 3. Get a medical check up before you start your training programme and watch for any old injuries 4 It’s also a good idea to give smoking - you'll notice the difference. 5 You can’t train every day ~ you should take time at Jeast once a week. > ==]Unit 1 alpha Task 2 preslght check 3 postflight check 4 cargo 5 manifest Task 2 2 Pilots 8 Operates 3 commands 9 monitors. 4 Reviews 10 Reviews Assists 11 Supervises Performs 12 Checks: Maintains Yask3 Students! own answers bravo Task 2 air force base 3 airbase 4 squadron 5 base commander Task? 2 is growing 3 are currently fying 4 are preparing 5 believe 6 has 7 also offer B have 9 live 10 employ 11 usually have 12 invite 13 hope 14 ate staying, Tosk3 2eonsistsaf 6 wish 3 comprises. 7 want 4 includes 8 hope 5 understand charlie Task t 2 do you know 3 where's the best place 4 What about 5 What about languages 6 How do you say, 7 what kind 8 where can I find IE Task? 2 Do you know where I can buy some souvenirs? 3 What about cards? Are credit cards accepted? 4 What about languages? 5 What kind of food do they serve at the base? Where can [find typical local food? delta Task t 2 Brigadier General 3 Liettenant Colonel 4 Captain 5 Chief Master Sergeant 6 Master Sergeant 7 Airman First Class Task 2 2 British officers are saluted as a sign of respect and addressed as sir’ or ‘aan 3 Other ranks include airmen, NCOs and! Warrant Oicers. The lowest rank is Aircraftman and all NCOs and warrant officers start out with this rank. 4 Promotion for NCOs is diferent from officess. Officers are normally commissioned directly but NCOs must frst serve in the ranks 5 NCOs are divided into two categories. Corporals are Junior NCOs ~ oF JNCOs ~ and Sergeants, Chief Technicians and Fight Sergeants are Senior NCOs =o SNCOs Warrant Ofticers ae often included in the category of Senior NCO but actually form a separate class of theit Senior NCOs and Warrant Officers have their own messes but Junior [NCOs live and eat with the junior ranks listening Tak “The mussion ofthe atl wing Personnel stationed atthe base Units stationed at the base Types of sireratt Task2 1 Lieutenant Colonel 2 62d Airlift Wing 23 airlift 4 Pacitic 5 10,100 (eet 6 ath Airlift 7 Cia 87h Airlift 9.17 10 8th Aili n Cast C17 13 officers, 14 enlisted 15 family 16 civitian employees Task3 1 false 4 tue 2 ine 5 false 3 lalse “The 62d Wing was fist established in 1947 Operation Just Cause involved airdrop and airlift operations in Panamna Operation Joint Endeavor was the peacekeeping effort in former Yugoslavia, Unit 2 glossary Task 1 enlist 3 route 2 feenlst 4 volunteer alpha Tash 2 past continvous 3 past simple 4 past conttuous tak 2 went 9 took 3 wae studying 10 was leaming 4 ined 1 started Shad 12 decided 6 enjoyed 13 was watching 2 was going away 14 went Bet 15 wasdoing Tasha 2false Ste 4 falsebravo sk 2 sign on 3 putin for Task 2 2 sign on 3 get out Task 3 2 have made 3 has sent 4 have been working 5 has leamt/learnt 6 have) never actually studied 7 have taken /take 8 has been learning. 9 have been practising 4 stay on 5 get out 4 stay on 5 put in for charlie Task 2 stang 4 best 3 hate, Task? 2b 3b 4a 5a delta Task 2d 3b 4e Task 2 2 However 3 whereas: 4 despite 5 however listening Task 1 Task 2534 4 Tasks la 2b 3b 4a Unit 3 alpha Task 2 taxiway, 3 Runways 4 contro! tower Task? 1 Aight ine 2 control tower 3 taxiway 4 runway Task 25379 1426 8 10, 2 Task 2 Can you put me through to the ‘Commander, please? 3 Do you want me to transfer his coll to you now, sir? 4 Justa second, sir. 5 Could you tell me what the call is about? 6 Can you take his call? 7 Tltake his all now, .. 8 Do you think ! could interrupt them? Conscpion around the wort naa ers oa Kingdom ‘genta alga Farce ‘Sioa or Republi ongsry SARs Sasso sey ‘sta Finana Nowway amar Task 2 1 te 5 true 2 false 6 true 3 false 7 false 4 true 8 true ence 1980 ence 199 ces 1984 te 1298 toe 2001, rset 2003 tnd 2008 ted 2004 ede 2005 v2 718 mene 6rmonts enone Emons Amos Famers bravo Toskt 2 will be launching wall be will be will contact will contro! will monitor will be will probably be 10 will be fying 11 will avoid 12 will be 13 will refuel 14 will pick up. 15 will be launching. Task? 2f 3b 4g 5d Ge 7e charlie Pa ster 1 band 1 tut 2 mamcouse 2 savoury 2 meat 3 ties 3 side dish 3 spy 3 te 4 sweat 4 vegetabes 4 sssen 5 decline & aceept Task 1 generalisation 2 example 3 comment Task? 2 Unfortunately 3 itis not uncornmon 4 the fact is that 5 In my opinion 6 such as 7 ike Basarule 9 For example 10 inmany cases Taka 2fake Ste 4 true 5 true listening Task 1 1 51 metres 2 FL9 metres 348.5 metres ‘4 500 miles per hour; mach 0.66 5 12.424 metros 6 145,395 kilograms 7 2174 nautical miles 8 1 pilot, 1 co-pilot, 2 loadmasters and 2 ight engineers BtTask2 1979 All weather Enhanced Navigation System cargo airlift troop airlift acromedical evacuation airdrop of paratroops and essential supplies 8 30,600 kilograms 9 60 minutes 10 troop airlift 1 200 12 aeromedical evacuation 13 103, 14 paratroop airdrop 15 185, Unit 4 glossary Task 4 A riot baton B riot gas C rubber bullet alpha Task can 7 can will 8 would could 9 would can 10 could will bravo Task t 2 is/was 5 you will/you'd Bisn't 6 can't 4 told him Tis Task 2 that [had a pass signed by the ‘Commander of his divisional Headquarters. However he insisted that 1 couldn't go through and that I wait util the next day. said that Thad to be in San Marces by the afternoon. He said that it wasa’ this problem and that the road was closed. | asked hiro =] contact/if he could contact his, Commanding Officer. He told ge to turn off the engine and wait. He told me not to leave the vehicle. When he came back he said that his Commander had said we could go through the checkpoint but that he had to inspect the vehicies. He asked me to get all the soldiers out of the vehicles and line up at the side of the road with theie papers. [told him the soldiers couldn't leave the vehicles but that we could open the hatches so that he could look inside, He agreed but insisted he needed to see theie papers. 1 agreed lo that and ordered Sergeant Peters to open the hatches and have the soldiers ready to present their military identification cards, charlie Task 1 2 Js something wrong? 3 Twas worried sick 4 What do you think about that? 5 That's wondertul news 6 The kids are going to beso happy. 7 don't believe it! 8 U'm not very happy about this either. Task? 2 Issomething wrong? 3 The kids are going to be so happy. 4 Idon’t believe it! 5 That's wonderful news 6 Lwas worried sick. 7 Ym not very happy about this either, 8 What a relief (you called). delta Task 2 te Task 2 2 future operations 3 our soldiers 4 the enemy forces. 5 mixing with local population and employing guerrilla tactics 6 the three block war Jifalce 4 false 5 tue Tasks Diheir 3they dhe 5 his listening Task Task? 1b 2b 3b Task3 1 true 5 false Tosk 4 2 frm 2 firm 3 angry Unit 5 glossary Task 4 1 canalise 2 engage 3 envelop Qerue 3 false 4 true 4 firm 5 angry 6 firm 4 manoeuvre 5 trap alpha Task 2 resourceful 3 decisive 4 level-headed 5 selfless 6 courageous Task 2 2g 3a de Se 6b 7E Task 3 2 Aemy officers ar intelligent. Give them the bare tre, let thers supply the leaves. (1) 3. The beginning of leadership is a battle forthe hearts and minds of men. 6) 4 Our troops are capable ofthe best discipline. I they lack it, leadership is taulty. 2) 5 Towin in war you must have no doubts about your ability asa soldier. (6) 6 Ranks given you to enable you to better serve those above and below you. (7) 7 The greatest leader in the world could never win a campaign unless hhe understood the men he had to lead. (3) bravo Task Ar 83 C2 Task2 2 vue 3 me 4 true 5 fatse Task 3 2 arrived 3 had carried out 4 attacked 5 had lostfs|_fr| fc) cle | OM oN) R) ft U jy} Ll LR] Fl [A tI Fl [B E YJ ft 0 [u s Task 2 2 blond 10 overweight 3 moustache 11. scruffy 4 serious 12 tong 5 reliable 13 aay 6 short 14 hard-working 7 muscular 18 ambitious 8 sear 16 disorganised 9 tattoo Task 3 Ib 2a 3a delta Task 1 2 had tumed out 3 have happened 44 had conquered 5 be 6 had lost 7 had won 8 had signed. 9 hadn't discovered 10 have laid claim Task 2 ze 3a listening Task 46 Be 6b Task 1 No, it’s the second time. 2 He's leaving the army in six months time. 3 Three times Task a 1 Give him detention and reduce his rank 2 Give him extra duties for two weeks and transfer him to HQ Company. 3 Give him two days detention, Unit 6 glossary Task 1 defective 2 grounded 3 misplaced 4 shortareuit 5 troubleshoot alpha Task t 2 meeting room 2 Bxercise High Flyer Task 2 2 true Task 3 2 Does that mean there will be no risk involved? 3 Can you explain why (you've changed the mission from daytime to right time MEDEVAC missions)? 4 Could you be more specific (about the role of the 127th Airlift Support Squadron)? 5 And, why is thal? 6 IfLunderstand you correctly, 3 false 4 false facersretn S fiinTs[ute M a olz|=[=1= = Task2 Lcpt cle Pat Hutchinson | Pat Burton bravo Task 2 aircraft commander 3 crew chief 44 squadron ops officer 5 squadron ops officer Task 2 2 He asked if you could brief the aircraft commander ASAP. 3. You are to increase the crew's night flying, 4 You are to have the crew chief check the instruments for low-level flying, 5 You are to have the crew practise landing and taking off on a dirt stip. 6 He said you are to make the necessary arrangements. 7 He asked if you could write him a mission report for tomorrow morning. charlie Task 1 L567 8 349 10 Task 2 2 What about 3 Did you just 4 What'sit like 5 Where are you 6 Where exactly is it 7 Have you ever been delta Task Te n, 2 13, 2, (S]HIo EeESPEEr >= Task? 2 malfunction 3 shore circuit 4 double check 5 backlog Task 2 backlog 3 faulty defective 4 shorted out 5 checked 6 double checked 7 malfunction 8 faulty/defective 83listening Task t 1 Speaker I is on a plane. Speaker 2s in the control tower at Incirlik base, 2 They have an instrument problem. 3 ARP Task 2 1 alpha foxtrot papa sx eight zero one TAFPe8t1 2 1000 feet 2 flight level one zero 4 fire services 5 full emergency 6 Affirmative 7 altitude, heading and aie speed B five nautical miles 9 1,000 feet 10 permission to land 11 cleared to land 12 zero five Task a 53421 Review 1 Task t 1a Its nota period of duty. 2B th docont mean to stay tthe military. 3d Itisnot a natural disaster. 4. Iris strategy not an actual battle. 5 d It doesn't mean ‘to fight the enemy. 6 ¢ Itmeans its in working order. Task 2 Lhomestation 4 conflict 2 enii 5 demotion 3 aid worker 6 squadron Task 1 takes place 2 iscurrently working 3 received 4 were expecting 5 has been preparing 6 have completed 7 started 8 had sent Task 4 1 have 2 were 3 contacted 4 had not kept 5 had checked Task Lup 2on Sout 40n Task 6 1 The company commander wants to know if you can finish the operation order by this afternoon. 2 He also asked if you could coordinate with the intelligence officer 3 He said you are to have the Intelligence officer prepare the inte! report as soon as possible. ts 4 He also wants you to brief the platoon commanders no later than this evening, 5 He wants you to give them some ‘special instructions. 6 He said he wanted the platoons to practise contact drills. Unit 7 glossary Task 4 A excavator B tractor C AVLB/bridgelayer alpha Task 1 2 allowance 3 mess dress regulations 4 mess bill 5 joining letter Task 2 2 where 3 which 4 which 5 where 6 which Task 1 in the joining leter 2 a single room in officer's mess ora wom at a local hotel 3 Course Instructor 4 at the fitness centre oF golf course 5 atthe camp shop 7 who 8 where 9 which, 10 where 1 who bravo Task1 2 recover 8 demolish 3 maintain 9 lay 4 operate 10 dear 5 employ 11 construct, 6 open 12 purify 7 build 1 blocking roads 2 breaching enany cbtacs 23 buying and maintaining property 4 constuting and repaing facies 5 desteyng artes 6 sestoyng bridges 79909 armoured val tng poskons 8 diogng wenches - ‘9 waland door reaching in urban eran 10 plating nines an booby aps 1 ying short Beige fo erossing gaps Task 2 1A 2B charlie Task t 1 Khaki shirt 8 service cap 2 barracks trousers 9 cap badge 3 green jumper 10 decorations 4 stable bolt 1 jacket 5 boots tie 6 epauleties 13 Sam Brown belt 7 badge of rank Task 2 Officers wear badges of rank on shoulders. NCOs wear badges of rank on sleeves, Officers and NCOs wear black or ‘brown shoes with work dress but soldiers wear black boots. Officers and NCOs wear service dress ‘ap but other ranks wear regimental/ comp’s beret or other head dress delta Task 2 looks alter 3 commanded by 4 works from, 5 assigned to 6 supports 7 role 8 collocated 9 under the contol of 10 comprises 11 strength 12 split down into 13 subunits 14 attached to Task 2 true 3 false 6 false 4 rme 5 false listening Task sks Inthe United States Army 4“ “ ¢ ‘ vTask 2 4352 Task 3 ‘outcome event background Unit 8 glossary Tasks 1 operational security 2 public affairs 3 public affairs officer comment introduction alpha Task 2 keep you waiting, 5 travelling 3 drawing 6 toteach 1 toescape Task 2 tobe 9 asking 3 town 10 doing Ltosee 1 eating 5 tostay 12 togive @ appointing 13 toreseve 3 tehend 14 tobe trated 8 accepting bravo Task 2 The protection of important military information is known as top-aceret operational security 3 Areporter who lives with a military unit on an operational tour is called an undercoverseperter embedded journalist 4 When a military unit decides not to ‘use communications equipment it organises a gestow: black out 5 When some parts of a report are deleted for security reasons this is known as ettting: censorship charlie Task 2 absolutely superb job 3 extremely difficult conditions 4 good luck 5 very, very tough assignment 6 simply huge difference 7 geoat pleasure 8 absolutely fantastic people Task 2 2 incredibly professional 3 absolutely fantastic 4 absolutely superb 5 extremely difficult 6 very, very tough 7 8 simply huge good luck delta Task t Dime 3 false 4 false Task 2 ‘The Military and the Media In conclusion, the system of embedded reporters or embeds offers a number of advantages forthe military Tn the first place, the public can see what their military forces are doing and itis my experience thatthe public are more willing to support us when they know what we are doing and can sec that we are doing a good job. Secondly, fembedding has meant that, for the fst time, it is possible for journalists to report in real-time on battlefield events ‘This means that the media reports guickly and accurately and thisis good {or soldiers who can see that their work is getting the recogaition that it deserves. A third advantage for the militay is that when reporters embed with mibtary units ~ sharing the same conditions that soldiers experience ~ they identify closely with the soldiers that they're living with. However, many journalists ave dat th identitication is another way for the listening Task 3420 Task 2 1 the military knowledge of journalists ¥ 2 technical military language 7 3 amount of detail of information 4 information on troop strength, aircraft, weapons systems oF equipment 7 5 frendly force casualties 6 hostile forces casualties 7 previous conventional military operations 7 ' future conventional military 8 special forces missions 10 questions about classified military information Task 1 Dost (8) dont 2 Do 9 Do 3 De 10 Do 4 Don't 1 Don't 5 Don't 12 Do 6 De 13 Do 7 do 4) do Task 1b 2b 3b 4a Sa 6b 7a Ba Unit 9 glossary Task 1 counter-battery fire 2 close support 3 general support 4 reinforcement alpha Task 1 1 general support 2 counter-battery fire —— or suppor SE conievshatis | § remsorernent ‘akabet ingens run port ica bg umber 50 seeack ful | Tsk? rity of, come dhe anime aon Gilet dieersof | 1AA 2 FLOT 3D 4 0B) $0, soa an pe of saya sete which athingorpesonbelrgs. World War I 5 PL when reporters eon sooty onainmerwnwpie destedsgican When mporers | ay rting eootinow or wattage das abouts tid, payobjective” | 2 tue 3 false 4 false 5 alse rte o otkaowot wat ge des aboutatne. and, ndeed, were | 6 true often members of Task the military. bravo 2 in the village of Hatmu 3 next Tuesday Takt 4 2 coupie of kilometres south of 13243 5 five 6 British Lee Enfield bolt-action 303s from the Second World War 7 more than 50 assault rifles . =countoratack suport withdraw charlie Task 2 used to 3 would /used to 4 used to 5 would /used to 6 would /used to 7 used to 8 used to 9 would /tused to 10 would /used to Task2 lv 6 v vow v EE woe [INTO Ts IRE SSmEOE| fe[olMyaya Task 2 2 tue 6 false 3 tre 7 trae 4 true 8 true 5 false listening Task Lie 2false 3 tue 4 false Strue 6 false 7 rue Task? 1 They built a wall round the camp. 2 Because it led to stoppages. 3 They put alot of oil on the working pacts, 4 Because you'd think sand would stick to oil. Task 3 B52 4 Tasks lc 2b 3a Se 54 Unit 10 glossary Task 3 1 local area network 2 database 3 wide area network alpha ‘Task 1 T'assoon as posible 2 nolaver han 3 working group 4 any oberbusmess Task 2 2 Confirm arrangements 3 Propose a change 4 Refer to attachments 5 Request comments on a document Task 3 2 I would like to propose that 3 Iwould be grateful if 4 Attached you will find 5 it would be appreciated if you could review this document Tasks 1 13 September 2.17 September 3-1500hes 4 Yes 5 the draft agenda 6 To give comments NUT 7 March,brave Tasks 1 Spesker won't arrive until tomorrow Task - 2 Tohelp to allaw swap of iter B ANT YMMOTTINI rg = 3 Need time to change for reception a OME ED ‘Teall inet or net a) E session E| c 5 lem G needs 45 minutes N a D E Unit 11 A T tk glossary (slu[m[mya[R[Y Mf a|e[¢lo[rlo Task ra LW Pe comer 2. Ask for comments, objections or 2 When 8 After/When 3 limit of exploitation suggestions 3 when 9 When 4 Military Aid to the Civil Power 3 Make a suggestion 44 Before 10 After/When 8 special forcés 4 Thanka participant for acomment or | 5 before U1 when 6 special operations suggestion & when 12 Alter Sees 5 Move on to the next item on the 7 alter alpha agenda a tases listening Me 2 Does anyone have ary comments on | Task 2 miltary a othe Civil Power 23 Are there any objections? 1 new representatives 3 counterterrorism 4 Are there any other comments on the | 2 promotions 4 counter drug operations agenda? 3 absences 5 Ma like to suggest that 4 security Task? Your point is weil taken. 5 administrative announcements 2 itis estimated 2 Can Ltake it that we are all in 6 the agenda 3 itis believed agreement? 4 is reported to be 8 moving on (o the next item on the Task 2 5 is thought to have agenda... 13 6 is supposed to free . 2.UKrep 7 Itis expected charlie 3 other commitments 8 itis believed 4 recovering from an operation 9 is believed to recruit Task 5 security clearance for secret material 1 RSVP 3 hospitality and a need to know Task3 2 guest 4 host 6 secretary or administrative clerk 2SBS 3505 45RR 5 SAS ween 7 meeting schedule for next year © SRR 7 S85 8 SRR Conversation 1 Task bravo 12 4 6 105 3 % 7% 8 | 1 Moveto'Tues. 11.18 Conversation? 2 Move to Mon. 14.00 Task aversation 3 Binish at 17.00 aT 573 & 4 5 fer N[TIaLY] acta delta 5 Start at 15.30 Task 1 Task 2 (Py 2 fale 3 true 4 false 5 true A wen 6 false 7 true 6 true 9 true $ ful e Tw [U] : $ s| charlie fwio[R[oMMP[Riolclelstsyi [nie Task a P 0 2 todrop out f R A 3 drop out rate Io fe ; 4 directing statt 10 \t i 5 physical training instructor . Task? . ‘A.upper-body strength B upperbody strength H CC upper-body strength E Dlowerbody strength F upper-body strength io 87Task 3 2 get 10 watch out for 3 getin 11 do. 4 work on 12 see 5 start with 1B stast 6 build up 14 affect 7 did 15 give up 8 take off 16 work 9 avoid delta Task 1 1 counterterrorism 2 Delta was modelled on the British Special Air Service, 3 women 4 Is the only part of US special operations open to women, 5 The mission and gather intelligence. 6 Training in use of disguises and concealable small arms, Task? 2 because 3 since 4 For this reason 5 another reason why 6 since Tasks 3v Sv 6v By WH listening Tesh! 5 2 La Task? 1 Special Forces Briefing Course ~ weekend /2 days 2 Endurance - 4 weeks 3 Initial Continuation Training ~4 weeks 4 Jungle Training Course ~6 weeks 5 Combat Survival ~4 weeks Task combat survival jungle training course endurance: initial continuation training endurance Special Forces Briefing Course initial continuation training, combat survival ee to infiltrate a country Unit 12 alpha Task 2 te 6 fale task? 2 false 6 false 3 false 7 true 4 ewe 3 tre 7 false bravo Task 5 false Task 2 b attrition warfare © manoeuvre warfare 4 information warfare © pyschologieal warfare £ close operations. 8g centre of gravity 1h deep operations s[rlo[s|t[t [o[w ESEEEMEeRESF Task 2 8 false 9 we 10 false Mi true 12 false 2 true 3 true 4 me 5 true 6 false 7 false charlie Task 1 1C 2A 3E 48 5D Task? 2b 3f 4d 5a be delta Task 1 2 centre of gravity 3 close operations 4 deep operations 5 information warfare 6 7 8 manoeuvre warfare psychological warfare rear operations Task3 2 led 3 resulted 4 led 5 resulted | 6 have caused Mii ]t[t[e[0 MMF lo[Ricle[s) ole lA Mol F MMs] A THLE] 7 has led 8 have brought 9 caused 10 will result in I leadTask 4 Weapons and tactics = aspmimtical wrtare ~ ation warlare = brought about by ne technologies ~ employer of ne ane column tactics = increased use of special forces ~ tine and éolunin tacts become suicidal ~ Srey controled bates Military cullare and desision-making ~ decentases decision-making = and rg rank strates ~ fought by ‘strategie corpora ~ fought by genial wth no room fr initatve by junior commanders x listening Task t 1 Major Hoffman, G2 Plans Officer 2 Bring up-to-date on intelligence estimate 3 Explain what briefing will cover Task 2 LS 4 3 2 Task 3 1 opposing forces 2 avenues of approach 3 opposing forces 4 ourown forces, 5 disposition 6 the strength 7 committed to date 8 air situation 9 courses of action 10 non-governmental organisations Task 11F 27F 3MIF 4 MIF STF 6@MIF 71F 81F Review 2 Task 1b These are not used as an obstacle in warfare 2c This person is not a journalist. 53 a ledoesnt mean to provide support 4 ¢ Itisrot ajo. 5 d These do not help people. 6 € Thisis nol a group of counties working together Task 1 operational security 2 publicaltavs 3 public affairs officer 44 Counterbattery 5 close suppor 6 general support 7 ‘enforcement 8 local area network 9 wide area network 10 database 11s soon 28 possible 12 no later than 13 working group 14 any other business 15 Military Aid to the Civil Power 16 counterterrorism 17 escape and evasion 18 limit of exploitation 19 special forces 20 order of battle Task 1 which/ that 2 which/that 3 who 4 who; which /that 3 where Task 4 le 2a 3d 4e 5d Task 1} enemy forces 2 friendly forces 3 terrain features Task 6 Ton 2up Sout dup 5 offListening script Unit 1 Tasks 1 & 2 (1) Good morning ladies and gentlemen Fen Lieutenant Colonel Ora Rice and on behalf ef the 624 Wing Commander, T want o welcome you to this newcomer’ orientation briefing, Now to Kick ofthe briefings this morning, 1 want to say afew words about Mechord Ait Foe Base. First ofl McChord Air Fore Base s home tothe 24 Air Wing, The mission ofthe G24 Ai Wing isto provide both tactial and strategie ail. principally inthe Westem United States and in the Pacific region MeChord Air Frce Base has a 10,100 foot main runway and the base offers exellent raining and maintenance facies. At present, McChord is home to three airlift squadrons. The sth sci squadron, equipped swith C-141 Slariter area ‘The 7th Ait squadron, equipped wrth C-17 Globemaster sireraft And then there's die 8th Ari Squadron ~ they fly both C-4s and C-17s. At this moment we have approximately 550 active duty officers, 3000 active duty tniisted members and nearly 5,000 family members here at McChord. in acdition, there ace more than 950 Gvilian employees including mointenance contactors Task (21 Nov, ike o give you alte history about McChord and about the 624 Ain Wing, The wing was Fst established in 1947 s the 624 Troop Carrier Wing was redesignated the 29 Ait Wing in L991, Since the fist 0 uly 1993, the ing has been tssigned tothe 1sth Ait Force. As said, the wing’s primary mission is combat ait The MeChord team have teen involved in just about every major operation since the end of Worle Wer I Let me give you some examples 11989, the base was very much involved in airdrop and airlift operations in Panama, during Operation Just Cause. This operation resulted in the end of the military > nd essential supplies, In the cargo airlift role, the C-141 can carry 30,600 kilograms of cargo on pallets. These pallets can be off-loaded and a new load reloaded in less than 60 minutes. In the troop airlift role, the cargo compartment can be configured to carry 200 troops. In the aeromedical evacuation role, the Starlifter can carry about 103 patients on litters and in the paratroop airdrop role, it can carry 155, fully equipped paratroops. Unit 4 Tasks 1827] A: Stop, please. 8: Good moming {A: Good morning. Identification please : Here you are Where ae you going, pleas? We're going to Tevisham via Morak ‘A: I'm afraid the road through Morak is closed dove to heavy snow. But you ean take the road that goes through Denom, B; Denom. an you show me the route on tus map? A Yes. Carry on along this rd ~ the road you're on here then when you get to Bouvet turn north and take the road to Denom. When you get to Denom, you'l se a sign for Trevisham, Don’t take that road - i's also closed because of snow = carry on through Denom and take the next turn on your right. This should be signposted Tevrik I's this road. here. Then when you get to Trevmik, take the road to Trevisham B: We have to be in Trevisham by eight a'elock. How long do you think it will take via Denon? A: Wel i you don't have any problems, you should get to ‘revisham about six thst. But take care with the section between Bouvet and Denom. We have reports of insurgents in that ares The best thing isnot to stop along that pat ofthe road. f you don't stop, you shouldn't have any: problems. 8: Right. Wel, thank you forthe advice. A: Notat ll. Have a good tap Task 365) A: Stop. Mentification 8: Good moming, Here you are. 1D and pass A: Where are you going? B: We're going to Denom and then on to Trevisham ‘A: You can’t take the road to Denom. You'll have to tum back and take the road through Morak. 8: Well, atthe lst checkpoint, we were sald thatthe road through Morak ‘was closed because of snow and we Inad to go via Denom. aoe A: You can’t fravel along this road. Wie hhave reports of insurgent activity in this area and st isn't sale B: Yes, I know that. But we were told that if we didn’t stop, we wouldn't have any problems. ‘A: Thave my orders. You cant travel along this road today. Maybe tomorrow. Br We have to get these medical supplies to Trevisham by this ‘Ac Told you. You cant rave hough here today. Now turn back. B: Look, understand your situation, but this iss UN convoy and according to the terms ofthe ceasefire agreement we have complete freedom of movement in this area. Now, could I please talk to your commander? ‘A: Tam warning you~ turn round and go back 8: Look, you do not have the authority to stop us. Now, I strongly suggest that you contact your commander. ‘A: My commander isnt here. Maybe my sergeant is here. B: Well then, please contact your sergeant. [promise you that if you 0 nat let us through, I will report this incident to your headquarters and you will be in trouble, ‘A: Wait here Allright, my sergeant says you can 0 through. But he says that if anything happens to you, i's your responsibility, By [understand that. Thank you. Task 4191 1 You can’t take the road to Denom. You'll have to turn back and take the road through Morak 2 We have to get these medical supplies to Trevisham by this evening. 3 Told you. You can’t travel through, hhere today. Now turn back. 4 Look, lunderstand your situation, but this isa UN eonvoy and according to the terms of the ceasefire agreement we have complete freedom of movement in this area 5 Lam waming you-turn round and go back, 6 I promise you that if you do not let us through {will report this incident toyour headquarters and you will be in trouble.Unit 5 Tasks 2 8310) ‘A: Good morning si, Could Thavea word? 3: Good moming, John. What's the probiem? As Ifsabout 2 Platoon, sit There are three Soiers who ae causing all sort of problems for Lieutenant Caruthers Fle tied to deal with these problems with Sergeant Waltets and Keep there within the platoon, But he's owe brought the three cases to ne B: Yes, I heard there were some problems, Who is involved? ‘A: Well rt of al, there's Lance Corpora Clerk. This problem is guitesercus, Last month, {hod ompiainis that he was bullying, Some of the new las. had a word with him, But ost yesterday we hed arothee complain’ of bullying. 've looked int it and the case seems quite dear Bight. Wel this is quite serous Who are the others? A: Well, there’s Private Hutchinson, He twas never the best soldier inthe platoon, but recently his attinade has fone rom bad to worse. Hes Insvbordinate with the NCOs and even with some ofthe company’s junior officers, And then he's jst Tazy ~he's been to se the Medica Officer six tines already this month and not once was it anything Serious ist of al t 989 cok, then a sprained ankle ~ you know the usual sft The medical officer thinks he's malingering and 30 1 8; Do we know why? {A Well you know he's leaving the army ~he's only go sx months to 0.1 think he just wants to get out 8: Fingm. And what's the third case? {A:Borton Private Barton. He's been [AWOL again. He's good soldier and he's popular we haven’ got any other probirns with him. But this isthe third mein f20 months Tasks) Right, well Let's tak these inorder First of ll, Lance Corporal Clerk This is wery serious. will nat tolerate bullying at this battalion 1 talk to the Adjutant, but [ think the most appropdate punishments detention and loss of rank, Do you agree? Listening script 92 A Lagree completely, siz. B: Now about Hutchinson. This is ditficlt because he obviously doesn't care anymore, but I don’t want his atitude to affect the rest of the company, A: agree sir. B: OK extra duties fortwo weeks and transfer him to HQ Company. } can keep an eye on him here. AA: Right. And Burton. Whee do you ‘want me to do about Burton? B: Well, [think hte might wake up if he spent wo days in detention. The other option is a ine, but | think detention would work better in his ease. Do you agree? Yes, sir. B: Right, well PI talk to the Adjutant and we'll do that. Anything eise A: No, sir. That's it for today. Bs Right. Well, let me know how you get on with these three. Especially with the lance corporal A: Ul do that, si. Unit 6 Tasks 4 8 2(12) ‘A: Good morning Incirlik approach. This is alpha foxtrot papa six eight zer0 one, We have an instrument problem and we are making an cemergency descent to 1,000 fet. Roger, you are clear to descend immediately to fight level one zero, Roger, please alert fire services. Do you request a full emergency? Affirmative Ince Roger. I declare full emergency. All Alighs ai fights calling Incr maintain alitude, heading, and airspeed and standby for night emergency. As Thank you Incr B: Alpha Foxtst Papa 6801 we have you on radar at five nautical miles out and turning at 1000 fect. A: Incielik approach, we request permission t land B; Roger Alpha Foxtrot Papa 6801. Do you have Incirlik visual? A: Roger. have visual B: Alpha Foxtrot Papa 6801, both runways are available. You have both runvvays and you are cleared to land A: Affirmative. 'm lining up on zero five B: Confirm runveay zero five ee e> Task 3 [131 A: Good morning, sit. 'm the Maintenance Crew Chief assigned to your aircraft. We sure are glad you landed safely. Can you tell us ‘what happened? B OK. Les startin the cabin and I'l brief you on what happened. The first sign of any trouble was when the emergency lights came on. For several seconds, the whole instrusnent panel lit up. And then ail the warning lights went out except for the landing gear lights. ‘A: And was your landing gear working? 'B Well, when the landing gear lights stayed lit, asked the co-pilot to lower the wheels and then raise the wheels, A: And did the landing gear lights go our? B: No, they stayed on. ‘Then when 1 asked the co-pilot to lower the wheels again and prepare for an emergency landing we didn’t know ithe landing gear was down or if the instrument light was malfunctioning, A: Couldn’t you get visual condirmation? BB: Yes, I sent the Flight Engincer to open the panel and perform a visual inspection. We got visual confirmation that the wheels were down and we landed without incident Unit 7 Took 1118) Inthe United States Army the f tasks of combat engincer nits are imability, counter mobility, survivability, and general engineering, Mobility means improving your own force's ability to mave around the battlefield. Combat engineers typically support this role through breaching enemy obstacles including minefields antitank ditches, wire obstacles, ant- vehicle barriers and wall and door breaching in urban terrain. Mechanized combat engineer units also have armoured vehicles capable of laying, short bridges for crossing gaps.Counter mobility means building, obstacles to prevent the enemy from ‘moving around the battlefield. This includes destroying bridges, blocking roads and destroying airstrips. Counter mobility can also include planting landmines and booby traps when authorized and directed to do so. Survivability is building structures which enable one’s own soldiers to survive on the batilefield. Examples include digging trenches, bunkers, shelters, and armoured vehicle fighting positions. General engincering tasks sustain military forces inthe theatre through constructing and repairing facilities, and through buying and maintaining property, Tosk2 1151 ‘A:Sp, a8 Lwas saying, we're always playing practical yokes in the mess. ‘The funniest thing Fever saw was when our last colonel put on a corporal's stripes and went to the train station to pick up a new lieutenont who was posted here: Of course, this lieutenant didn’t know the colonel. So, in the car the corporal - mean the colonel dressed up as a corporal - started really insulting the colonel. Do you understand? B: [think so, The colonel was dressed sa corporal and he wa insulting, the colonel ~ 1 mean himself A: Yes, thar's it. Well, this lieutenant {g0" so angry that he arrested the corporal. And then when he arrived at the camp gates. he ordered the duty NCO to take the corporal into custody. The NCO just said very calmly "Ym afraid I can’t do that, sie’, Well the lieutenant got realy angry with the NCO and demanded to know why and then the NCO told him, Poor guy: And what happened to the lieutenant? ‘A: Oh, nothing. In the end, the CO iawited hirn for a drink in the mess. Well, we all thought it was very funny, but P'm sure it wasn't hunny for the lieutenant when he found ‘out he'd arrested the eolone!! Unit 8 Task 1/16 Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to this session on media relations. start the session this ‘morning with some guidelines on press conferonces, After that I'l hand over to Lieutenant Parry who is going to tell us about his experiences dealing with embedded reporters. Well stop for coffee after Lieutenant Parry's talk and then after the coe break, continue with a series of practical workshops. Tasks 28 3(17 Now, as I said, I'l start with lessons learned, that’s to say, some guidelines ‘on press conferences. First of all, don’t assume that the press are experts about military matters. Some of them are, but probably not most of them. So, explain yourself very clearly and be prepared to answer quite basic questions about mlitary matters. For this reason, you should also avoid technical military language or ableseviations that are not familiar to the average person Secondly, let me say a few words about the amount of detail when you talk. Be concise. Don’t give too many details where the important points can get buried in the detail. Before your briefing, think about what they will want to know and about what you want to communicate and make sure that message gets transmitted. ‘Thirdly, when you're giving military information, remember OPSEC - that's operational security. You shold avoid ziving specific information on troop strength, aircraft, weapons systems or equipment. Instead, give approximate numbers about Iiendly forces’ troop strength and use general words like ‘aiccrat’ or ‘a coalition infantry unit’ Ina similar way, you should normally avoid giving detailed figures on friendly force casualties. | won't say anything about hostile forces’ ‘casualties ~ that’s really a question for the force commander. You cans generally talk about date, time, results and location of previous conventional military operations. If you are asked questions about classified military ‘information, make it quite clear that you can’t talk about these issues. You can say something like ‘I'm afraid! can’t comment on that’ o¢'T'm afraid that’s classified’. In a similar way. if You are asked about non-classitied snlitar information and vou don’t know the answer, say 0. You can say something like ‘I'm afraid I don't know the answer, but find out and I'l get ‘back to you’. Remember if you make this promise, do it! Don’t forget about it Task [8] A: Now, I'd like to hand you overto Lieutenant Parry, who's going tote vs about his recent experiences with an embedded reporter. B: Yes, well thank you, ma'am. My name is Lieutenant James Parry and 1 was an infantry platoon, ‘commander in the recent operation in Rafiki, We were deployed in Rafiki for three months and, during that time, we had a reporter embedded with the platoon for three weeks, To be absolutely hhonest, when my company commander told me that we would have a reporter embedded with the plaicon, my initial reaction was not altogether positive. In the fist place, when the platoon deployed to Rafiki, we were a very cohesive group. We had trained long and hard together, and my first thought was that the presence of a journalist erally living with us would upset the men. My second worry was that ‘we were 2 combat infantry platoon. We had trained for a fight and that's what we were there fo do. My concern was that when the fighting started my men might be there worrying about the safety of our embed rather than about the ‘Anyway, the truth is that ourembed settied in very well. He soon became popular with the troops, especially after he did a series of interviews with the men and then those interviews were broadcast on the television back here. That was relly very good for ‘morale ~the families saw the reports and parents and wives and children could see that their loved ones were well and see a litle bit of what they were doing. On more than one occasion, we came under fire, but | 3 Listening scripthave to say that our embed did very well he kept out of the way and I have to say that in no way did he compromise our operational ficiency. The only problem we had with our embed was over a report about treatment of prisoners of war Some of the men weren't that happy about the report ~ especially about the images that were shown. The truth is that his report did not show us inthe best light and the incident caused problems for some soldiers in the platoon and two soldiers had disciplinary action taken against them, The rest ofthe platoon felt betrayed by the journalist beceuse they saw him as their friend and didn’t understand wiyy he would report the event. However, looking back on the incident, Ihave to say that the journalist was completely objective he was only doing his job —just as we ‘were ~ and he reported on what he saw, Aftera few days, the men came to realise this and it wasn’t a problem. Unit 9 Tasks 1 & 2 (19) I've been in the desert a number of times and for me the two biggest problems are the sand and the heat. But Gefinitely the worst thing i the sand. Isa really fine sand andi gets everywhere ~ and { mean everywhere. Inside the vehicles, in your tet, in your skeping bag, in your kt tt would Gren get into the food. We used to spend hours every day cleaning, It was bad enough on a normal day, but it was worse when we had a sandstorm ~ and we had sandstorms qunte regularly. They were impressive, It was like the whole desert would just rise up and come at you. The desert winds would blow for hours - sometimes days ~ and ‘twould cover everything with this realy fine sand. [suppose the best thing would have been just fo stay inside the tents when there was 8 sandstorm, but we sill had work to do, so we couldn't just sit there. We tried allsortsof things bot, inthe end, we built a kind of wall around the camp. That helped quite alot. The sand ‘woul stil get everywhere, but the wall helped reduce the force of the winds Anyway, the sand made life very ‘uncomfortable, But it was areal problem for our kit. Nat so much for the vehicles ~ we just had to keep them clean, But it was a big problem for electronic equipment ~ like comms gear ~ and for the weapons. On the ranges, wwe were getting a lot of stoppages with four weapons. We tried al sorts of solutions but the only solution that really worked was lots of oil on the working parts and then cleaning the weapon and putting oll on again every day. It’s strange come tozhink of it. Really, exactly the opposite of what you'd expect - you'd expect that less oils beter because the sand sticks to theol. But it was the only solution that worked ‘Tasks 3 & 4 (20) A: Well, ladies and gentlemen. That's the situation to date. Pd now be very happy to take ary questions anyone might have. B: General, there was a lot of press coverage of a possible amphibious landing. But in the end it seemed like this was part of your deception operations. Could you comment on this? A: Wall, that's not altogether correct The possibility of amphibious operations wasn’ only a deception. We had every intention of conducting amphibious operations if they were necessary. C: Can you tell us why the French who went very fest on the first day, stopped at their fist objective and stopped fighting? A: Again that’s not exactly a correct statement. The French mission was to go out, seize Objective White, then to set up a screen across our left lank. So they definitely dhd not stop fighting. D: General, in your briefing you mentioned there were heavy casualties on the other side When you say heavy casualties, do you sean hundreds, thousands or tens ‘of thousands? ‘A: [wish Teould answer that question with more details, but the trath is I don’t have the estimates. But, promise that, 8 soon as we Nave estimates, we'll give you those figares. E: General, you went over the role of the special forees very quickly Could you elaborate on their role? A: AS you're well aware, we don’t like to talk 2 lot about those kinds of ‘operations. 1 can say that they did a {great job in strategic reconnaissance ancl that they were 100% in charge of combat search and rescue and thot’s a tough mission, But, I'm afraid I can’t go into any more detail F: How soon after a cease-fire is signed will you move your forces out ofthe theatre? ‘A: U'm afraid {can’t comment on that That's way above my pay grade.Unit 10 Tasks 1 & 2(21) Ladies and gentlemen. Good morning and welcome to this meeting. [hope it will be a fruitful and productive meeting and enjoyable as well Let me start by introducing the new Russian cepresentative, Colonel Ivanov the Trish representative, Colonel Jameson and the Swedish representaive, Colonel Bergman. To all, welcome on board would like now to congratulate the UK representative, Brigadier General Falconer on his recent promotion. Congratulations, Brigadier, and all the best for your future career. Apologies have been received from Denmark. Their representative, Colonel Karlsen, will not attend this time due to other commitments Moving on to absences. We regret the absence of Brigadier General Mertens, the Belgian principal representative, who is recovering from an operation, We wish him aspeedy recovery and we hope to have him with us at the next meeting. Now, in accordance with the Security Rules, all persons attending a meeting where classified information is to be discussed must hold an adequate security clearance and have a need to know. May Thave your assurance that all persons preseni possess a security clearance for secret material and 2 need to know? 1 take it this isthe case. Now, admdnistrative announcements. For assistance of any kind, please contact the Secretary or the administrative clerk during the coffee cor hunch breaks, ‘Now, the first item on the agenda is the meeting schedule for next year. A handout has been distributed and is in {ront of you. Is there anyone who ‘would like to start? Tasks 3 & 4122] ‘Ax The next iter this moming is the adoption of the agenda, Are there any comments or questions on the agenda? B: Excuse me, Madam Chairman.1 have a request. My colleague is scheduled to present the report on Item B and he probably won't arrive ntil tomorrow morning. I'd like to request that we move Item B to tomorrow? A:T see. ©: Madam Chairman, I'm due to present Item E tomorrow at 1115.1 have no problems in presenting em E today at 14.00, That should ive our colleague from Sweden plenty of time to arrive tomorrow. A. Colonel Bergman. Is that acceptable? B: Very kind, Madam Chaieman, A. Very well. Are there any objections? No? Then let me ask the Secretary to make a note of these changes, We ‘will move Hem B to 11.15 tomorrow and move Item E to 14.00 today. Are there any other comments on the agenda? 1D: Madam Chairman, I understand there is reception this evening at 17.30. That doesn’t give us much time \o change. { wonder if we could finish today at 17.00 instead of 17182 A: Your point is well taken and tem C should really take us no more than an hour, Can Ftake it that we are al imagreement? Will the Secretary please take note? We will finish today’s meeting at 17.00. Now, any other comments? : Madam Chairman, Thave a comment. &: Go ahead, Colonel. E: Jtscems that the first session tomorrow takes place in the CIS centre and not herein this office ‘A: Yes, that is correct. E: Lworder ... could we start little earlier tomorrow? That would give us time to get back here in time for the next session. You know, I mean without rushing. ‘As That seems a very good idea to me ‘Would you please make a note? We'll start tomorrow at 9.30, ‘Thank you, Madam Chairman Now. Madam Chairman. Sorry, one last thing. Isee that Tonly have half an hour to present Item G tomorrow. ‘That's really very litle time. We will need at least 45 minutes for our presentation, Can I suggest that we stat the final session tomorrow at 15.30 and reduce the coffee break to 15 minutes? ‘A: Lhave no objections. Does anyone hhave any objections or comments on the colone!’s proposal? Right. Then ‘well start item G at 15.30 tomorrow. Will the Secretary please take note? : Thank you, Madam Chairman. ‘A: We will now move on to the next item, At our last meeting... sem Unit 11 Tasks 1 & 2231 The first phase in SAS selection is known asthe Special Forces Briefing Course. This short course lasts a weekend and over the course of these two days, potential candidates are shown what life in special forces is like and are briefed on what toexpect during election “Those who decide to continue now move on to the Endurance Phase ~ also known as the Hill Phase. This phase focuses on fitness and navigation. It lasts four weeks and is held in the Brecon Beacons and Elan Valley én Wales. The Endurance Phase is probably the hardest part of SAS selection and training and about 90% of candidates will drop out or be returned to unit during these four weeks. The first wook mostly consists of runs up and down hills with a small load in the soldiers’ Bergen. As the weeks go by, the oad in the Bergen getsheavier and heavier, he routes get longer and longer and the navigation exercises become more challenging. The final week ends with the ‘Long Drag! — about 60 kilometres over difficult ‘mountain terrain and in less than 24 hours. ‘Of the 109 or so candidates who start the Endurance Phase, only about ten ‘willbe left at the end of the four weeks. ‘These candidates now move on to the four-week Initial Continuation Training, which consists of weapons training with small arms, demolitions and small patrol tacties. Those who are rot already parachute qualified, will also complete the SAS parachute (raining course during this phase. After Initial Continuation Training, candidates move on to the six-week Jungle Training Course. This course takes place in the jungles of Brunei and soldiers will learn to live fight and survive in the jungle. “The last phase of training is Combat. Survival. Lasting four weeks, Combat Survival isa month of training in survival skills, fving off the land and. using escape and evasion tactics. There are lessons and lectures in resisting, interrogation and the Combat Survival Phase ends with an escape and evasion exercise. In groups the soldiers have to evade capture from the Hunter Force, ‘which is usually comprised of 95 PeesParachute Regiment or Gurkha soldiers. When captured, every soldier has to resist tactical questioning. Even, at this last stage, if soldiers break and, _give more information than their name, rank, serial number and date of birth, then they are returned to unit Unit 12 Task #128 Good morning, gentlemen. Ym Major Hoffman, G2 Plaas Officer. The purpose ofthis briefing isto bring you ‘up-to-date on our current intelligence estimate, understand that some officers present may not be familiar with our normal briefing SOPs, solet ‘me start by explaining what this briefing will cover Tasks 2& 351 1H stort withthe AO ise ~ thats the area of operations, Here, alk about sweather conditions inthe AO and the effect of those weather conditions, fist, on the opposing forces and secondly, on ovr own fores. Vil then move on to terain, focussing on obstacles and especially avenues of approach. As withthe weather brief, Tl outline the effects of terrain on opposing forces and then on our own forces In the second part ofthis briefing, I'll address the current situation of hostile forces, including his disposition ~ the location of headquarters and the deployment of units on the ground; the ‘composition of those forces, that's to say his order of battle; the strength of those forces; forces committed to date that's to say, forces actually on the ‘ground ~ and reinforcements; units that are not yet committed but can potentially reinforce in oar AO. Al this stage, 1 also brief you on the OPFOR’s artillery assets, air situation and nuclear, biological and chemicat ‘assets, II then conclude this part of the briafing by reviewing the OPFOR’s present activities, After looking at hostile forces, 'U move on to an analysis of all possible OPFOR courses of action. In the third part of this briefing, I will deal with neutral forces ~ this includes international organisations ~ the UNHCR and the Red Cross and non- governmental organisations. It also includes the three infantry battalions and support elements of the United ‘Nations Operation in Rafiki.I should say that at this stage, we are also counting the Rafikian Armed Forces as neutral tn the final part of this briefing, 1 present our initial conclusions. Here Tl summarise the effects of the AO on our action. V1 algo be paying special attention (othe most probable enemy courses of action and his vulnerabilities. ‘This briefing will take the form of a PowerPoint presentation. At the end of dus briefing, I give out a summary with the main points made in this briefing and a copy of my slides Task (261 | shall now move on to.ontributions. As of last Friday, 11 countries have offered to contribute troops to the land component. At this singe of planning, the land component is looking like a division-size task force composed of three brigades ~ a multinational brigade-size rapid reaction task force, a ‘multinational mechanized brigade and the 3rd UK Armoured Brigade. The Multinational Rapid Reaction Task Force consists of one indian 4th Parachute Battalion, a para battalion from Nigeria and two infantry battalions from Kenya. India has also offered a para artillery battery for Uhis brigade. And Nigeria has offered a helicopter squadron The second brigade is a mechanized infantry brigede. This will comprise ‘two Ukzainian armoured infantry battalions plus a mechanized battalion from South Africa. The South Africans ate also supplying a signals squadronMi B CN CAMPAIGN is designed to meet the English language needs of military personnel engaged in all operations, including peacekeeping, humanitarian assistance and training exercises. erry CAMPAIGN combines the rigorous language analysis of a good English for Specific Purposes course with the teachability of a good General English course. It deals with real issues that concern servicemen and women. Units range from Humanitarian Assistance to Media Operations to Special Air Service. There are topics and texts from a variety of international military contexts, including the US, the UK, NATO and the UN. Throughout, learning of key specialised military lexis goes hand in hand with the development of general language competence through systematic skills practice and a carefully planned grammar syllabus. er Oren tn CAMPAIGN 3 takes students from intermediate to level 3 of NATO's STANAG 6001 ‘system of levels (equivalent to the Council of Europe’s Threshold level). CT EL Ce CAMPAIGN 3 provides 200 hours of study materials, made up of 120 hours of class ‘work in the Student’s Book backed up with 80 hours of revision in the Workbook. The Workbook includes an audio OD for listening practice, unit by unit lists of Key lexis and two progress tests. Lg ‘The entire toxt of CAMPAIGN has been independently vetted by officers from the American, British, French and Spanish armies, all of whom have extensive experience of international operations. It provides an accurate and up-to-date reflection of military life and language. magi AY EXGAY OU N\ mmrreyeses esti