Map PROJECTION

What is map projection

Commonly a map projection is a systematic transformation of the latitudes

and longitudes of locations on the surface of a sphere or an ellipsoid into
locations on a plane.

What is map projection

Map projections are necessary for creating maps. All map projections distort
the surface in some fashion.

Background
Of all maps, globes give us the most realistic picture of the earth as a whole. Basic
geometric properties such as distance, direction, shape, and area are preserved
because the globe is the same scale everywhere.
Disadvantages

They don't let you view all parts of the earth's surface simultaneously

Globes also are bulky and don't lend themselves to convenient handling and
storage.

The instruments and techniques that are suited for measuring distance,
direction, and area on spherical surfaces are relatively difficult to use.

Globe construction is laborious and costly.

Flat Maps can be more useful than globes in many situations:

they are more compact and easier to store

They readily accommodate an enormous range of scales

they are viewed easily on computer displays

they can facilitate measuring properties of the terrain being mapped

they can show larger portions of the Earth's surface at once

they are cheaper to produce and transport