Outline
CATV
Pengertian CATV :
Persepsi awal :
kesulitan
Poor frequency response. Some part of the received band had notably lower
levels than other parts. This is particularly true as the frequency increases.
In other words, there was fairly severe amplitude distortion. Thus
equalization became necessary.
The mixing of two or more RF signals in the system caused intermodulation
products and beats (harmonics), which degraded reception.
When these TV signals carried modulation, cross-modulation (Xm) products
degraded or impaired reception.
ANTENNA &
AMPLIFIER
COAX (CCDS)
LOCAL CHANNELS
INTERNATIONAL CHANNELS
Dengan muatan :
Berbasis :
Note :
HFC
FTTH
FTTC
LMDS
MMDS
TYPE
POTENTIAL
DISTANCE (KM)
BANDWIDTH (MHz)
Copper
10
Coax
1,000
Fiber
25,000,000
1-2
1 - 10
100
ITEM
ADSL
HFC
FTTH
Beaya perangkat
Relatif tinggi
Relatif murah
Tinggi
Beaya penggelaran
Relatif Murah
Tinggi
Sangat tinggi
Time to Market
Paling cepat
Lama
Lama
Kemudahan migrasi
(antisipasi
kebutuhan BW)
Terbatas sampai 8
Mbps
Sangat fleksibel
dengan BW yang
sangat lebar
Kesesuaian dengan
layanan saat ini
Sesuai
Sesuai
Berlebihan
Kemudahan
operasional
Paling mudah
Sulit
Sulit
ITEM
WIRED
WIRELESS
Kemampuan mendukung
layanan broadcast seperti
TV Cable
Kemampuan mendukung
layanan interaktif seperti
VOD
Kecepatan penggelaran
jaringan
XDSL/FTTH dapat
menggunakan jaringan
yang sudah ada,
sedangkan HFC perlu
waktu.
Cepat
NO.
1.
JENIS LAYANAN
Pay TV
POPULASI
PELANGGAN
TEKNOLOGI
Clustered
HFC
Scattered
TELKOMNet Turbo
2.
Clustered
HFC
3.
Telephony
Clustered
HFC/xDSL
4.
Layanan Interaktif :
Clustered
HFC/xDSL
PPV
NvoD
Home Shopping
UPLINK
UPLINK
NETWORK
NETWORK
PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION
STATION
STATION
(REMOTE
SITE)
DOWNLINK
(REMOTE
NETWORK
NETWORK
SITE)
PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION
STATION
STATION
DOWNLINK
LOCAL
LOCAL
AFFILIATE
AFFILIATE TV
TV
STATION
STATION
LOCAL
LOCAL
AFFILIATE
AFFILIATE TV
TV
STATION
STATION
XYZ TV
SWITCH
PQR TV
FIBER
OTHER
SWITCHES
(E.G. LONG
DISTANCE
CARRIER)
CENTRAL
OFFICE
TWISTED
PAIR
UPLINK
CABLE TV COMPANY
UPLINK
NETWORK
NETWORK
PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION
STATION
STATION
(REMOTE
SITE)
DOWNLINK
HEADEND
DOWNLINK
LOCAL
LOCAL
AFFILIATE
AFFILIATE TV
TV
STATION
STATION
SWITCH
LOCAL
LOCAL
AFFILIATE
AFFILIATE TV
TV
STATION
STATION
CENTRAL
OFFICE
(REMOTE
SITE)
COAX
XYZ TV
PQR TV
FIBER
OTHER
SWITCHES
(E.G. LONG
DISTANCE
CARRIER)
NETWORK
NETWORK
PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION
STATION
STATION
TWISTED
PAIR
COAX
UPLINK
CABLE TV COMPANY
UPLINK
NETWORK
NETWORK
PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION
STATION
STATION
(REMOTE
SITE)
DOWNLINK
(REMOTE
SITE)
HEADEND
DOWNLINK
VIDEO SERVERS
AND/OR OTHER
VIDEO SOURCE
LOCAL
LOCAL
AFFILIATE
AFFILIATE TV
TV
STATION
STATION
SWITCH
LOCAL
LOCAL
AFFILIATE
AFFILIATE TV
TV
STATION
STATION
CENTRAL
OFFICE
COAX
XYZ TV
PQR TV
FIBER
OTHER
SWITCHES
(E.G. LONG
DISTANCE
CARRIER)
NETWORK
NETWORK
PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION
STATION
STATION
TWISTED
PAIR
COAX
Head End
Amp
Amp
Amp
Diperlukan
VDSL)
Kapasitas
terbatas
perangkat
dan
jarak
tambahan
(ADSL,
jangakauan
sangat
Setup box
ADSL
Elect
VIP
T1s/E1s
Digital
Crossconnect
system
Twisted
pair
ADSL
Elect
ADSL
Elect
T1s/E1s
Setup box
ADSL
Elect
Twisted
pair
Host digital
terminal
Fiber
TV
Optical
Network
Unit
Setup box
ADSL
Elect
Twisted
pair
ADSL
Elect
TV
ADSL
Elect
TV
where Pw is the power in watts, E the voltage in volts, and R the impedance,
75 ohm
a 2.2-V noise generating source (resistor) connected to a 75(noiseless) load. Only half of the voltage (1.1 V) is delivered to the
load. Thus the noise input to 75 is 1.1 V or 59 dBmV. This is the
basic noise level, the minimum that will exist in any part of a 75- CATV
system.
Example 1
Example 2
If the input level of a CATV amplifier is +5 dBmV and its noise figure
is 7 dB, what is the C/N at the amplifier output?
Example 3
Determine the C/N at the output of the last amplifier with
a cascade (in tandem) of 20 amplifiers, where the C/N of
a single amplifier is 62 dB.
CATV spectrum with equal upstream and downstream bandwidth for other services.
Node
Other Network
Hub
Optical Distribution
Node
Optical Transport
Coaxial Distribution
Headend
Coaxial Drop
Node
d
pee rk
hs
o
Hig l Netw
ita
Dig
SERVICE
SERVICE
CENTRE
CENTRE
FTTB
RT
RT
CT
(TKO)
(TKO)
Subscriber
OLT
OLT
ONU
ONU
(TKO)
(TKO)
CT
OLT
RT
ONU
x-DSL
Line
COT
: Central Terminal
: Optical Line Terminal
: Remote Terminal
: Optical Network Unit
: x-Digital Subscriber
: Central Office Terminal
ONU
ONU
(TKO)
(TKO)
x-DSL
x-DSL
(COT)
(COT)
x-DSL
x-DSL
(RT)
(RT)
FTTC
FTTH
SATELLITE
Head
Head
End
End
* TV Analog
Broadcast
* Radio FM
Broadcast
Sinyal
Upstream
TV Digital Broadcast
(Pay Per Channel, Pay
Per View, NVOD)
Sinyal Downstream
330
30/47
42/51
50/71
65/88
* Telepon
* Data
* VoD
*
*
*
*
450
750
550
Telepon
Data
VoD (sinyal kontrol)
Network management HFC
* Telepon
* Data
* VoD
TV Analog
Broadcast
862
F (MHz)
Downstream
Band frekuensi yang digunakan mengirimkan informasi (TV
analog, TV digital, Telepon, Data, VoD) dari Headend ke
pelanggan. Rentang frekuensi yang digunakan oleh sinyal
downstream adalah 47/51/71/88 - 862 MHz.
Upstream
Band frekuensi yang digunakan mengirimkan informasi (telepon,
data, Network management) dari pelanggan ke Headend.
Normalnya pada rentang 5 - 42 MHz untuk sistem US dan
rentang 5 - 65 MHz untuk sistem Eropa.
Jaringan
lain
HUB
1
Headend
Optical Transport
Optical Distribution
Coaxial Distribution
Subcriber Drop
d rk
ee o
Sp etw
gh l N
Hi gita
Di
1.
2.
3.
4.
Node
Optical Transport
Headend ke HUB
Point-to-Point
Optical Distribution
Headend/Hub ke Node
Point-to-Multipoint
Coaxial Distribution
Service Area
Trunk plant
Feeder Plant
Subscriber Drop
PH
SH
FN
SH
PH
FN
HE
FN
SH
PH
Keterangan :
HE = Head End
PH = Primary Hub
DH = Sub Hub
FN = Fiber Node
Segmen 1
Headend ke Hub
Headend
Segmen 1
Segmen 2
Segmen 3
Segmen 4
Segmen 5
Segmen 2
Hub ke Fiber Node
HUB
: Optical Transport
: Optical Distribution
: Coaxial Distribution
: Tap Amplifier
: Subcriber Drop
Segmen 3
Trunk Amp
Segmen 4
Bridger
Amp
Fiber Node
Segmen 5
Headend
Hub
Hub
Optical Node
Power
supply
Trunk
Amplifier
Node
Taps
Bridger
Amplifier
Drop
Fiber-to-Feeder (FTF)
Fiber-to-the-Serving Area (FSA)
Optical Serving Area (OSA)
Trunk
Bridger
Line Extender
( Fiber to Feeder )
Fiber Node
30 - 100 pelanggan
Fiber
Node
HUB
Fiber
Node
Hub
Distribusi
Fiber analog
Head End
Bridger
amplifier
Line extender
amplifier
Fiber
Node
Fiber
Node
Trunk amplifier
Line extender
amplifier
Bridger
amplifier
Fiber Node
Trunk Amplifier
Bridger
Amplifier
Tap
Tap
Tap
Amplifier
Line Extender
Merupakan amplifier terakhir yang akan mensuplai sinyal ke pelangganpelanggan melalui Tap.
Menghubungkan terminal
pelanggan dengan sistem
feeder
Terbagi atas dua bagian :
Outside wiring
Inside wiring
Tap
Terminal
Pelanggan
Outside
wiring
Inside
Wall outlet
wiring
Head End
Distribution Hub
Fiber Node
Jaringan Coaxial
Pusat Pengendalian
Combining (multiplex).
Satelit
PSTN
Broadcast
TV
Service
Provider
Headend
TV Studio
LNBC
Mod
Rec. Sat
Mod
Rec. Sat
Mod
Rec. Sat
Mod
Rec. Sat
Mod
LNBC
Forward
Path
Transmitter
Combiner
Rec. Sat
Mod
PSTN
Cable
Router
Mod
Cable Telephony
Mod
DEM
DEM
Divider
INTERNET
Network
Management
Return Path
Receiver
FN
Fiber
Dist
Panel
0 - 4,5 MHz
2nd
2ndDown
Down
Converter
Converter
Video
Video
Processor
Processor
Video
Baseband
signal
70 MHz
Frequency
Frequency
Discriminator
Discriminator
6,8 MHz
Audio
Audio
Discriminator
Discriminator
Satellite Receiver
Audio
Main video
input
Alt video
input
Video
Videoinput
input
swicth
swicth
Video
Video
Modulator
Modulator
Converter & Amplifier
Audio
input
Audio
Audio
Modulator
Modulator
Vestigial
Vestigialside
side
band
filter
band filter
BPF
BPF
RF
output
Remote Monitoring
Contoh Specification
Optical Specification
Wavelength, nm
Fiber type
Optical Return Loss, dB
Optical Output Power, dBm
RF Specification
Passband, MHz
Input impedance, ohms
Return Loss, dB min, 40-870 MHz
Gain Slope, dB
RF Monitor Point, dB
RF Monitor Point Accuray, dB
Level Stability, dB
1310 10
Single Mode
55
2 to 16
40 to 870
75
16
0 0.5
- 20
0.75
0.75
80 channels
15.0
67
64.5
64
> 65
52.0
96 channels
14.0
66.5
64.5
63
> 65
51.5
110 channels
13.5
66
64
63
> 65
51.0
Contoh Specification
Optical Specification
Optical input power
Wavelength, nm
Fiber type
Optical Return Loss, dB
RF Specification
Passband, MHz
Input impedance, ohms
RF output level, dBmV/channel
RF output return loss, dB, min
RF output level adjustment range, dB
Gain slope, dB
RF monitor point, dB
RF monitor point accuracy, dB
RF output level stability, dB
- 17 to + 5
1290 to 1600
Single Mode
55
5 to 300
75
35
16
0 to 32
0 to 0.75
- 20
0.75
0.75
Head End - MH
MH - SH
SH - FN
60 km
20 km
10 km
50 km
30 km
10 km
40 km
40 km
10 km
Parameter
Value
Optical wavelength
Electrical Freq.Range
Electrical Splitter
CSO ratio
CTB ratio
Noise Figure
E
Dari
Head End
Splitter
E
E
O
O
O
O
Ke
Fiber
Node
1. Optoelectronic
- Transmitter
- Receiver
- Penguat RF
2. Power Inserter
E
Filt
Dip
TP
RF
Electronic
Module
Fiber Node ( FN )
Single mode
0 dBm
- 3 to + 2 dBm @ 47 dBmV output
1280 nm to 1600 nm
47/54/70/85 to 862 MHz
75 ohm
- 20 dB
> 56 dB
50 W
Performance Specification
Output level for 66 dB CTB
performance
64 dB CSO performance
Recommended Operation
level
Return Path Transmitter
Band coverage
High performance FP lasers
High performance Uncooled
isolated DFB lasers
Wavelength
RF testpoint
Optical power testpoint
up to 65 MHz
- 3 and 0 dBm ( 0.5 and 1 W)
0 and 2 dBm (1.0 and 1.6 W)
1310 20 nm
- 30 dB
1 V/mW
Prinsip Dasar
Sistem transmisi optik menjadi berguna karena diterapkan prinsipprinsip fisika tertentu. Ketika sinar berjalan dari satu medium ke
medium lainnya, sebagai contoh dari silika ke udara, sinar akan
dibiaskan (dibengkokkan) pada perbatasan silika/udara.
Pada gambar, sinar yang datang pada perbatasan dengan sudut 1
dibiaskan dengan sudut 1. Nilai sudut bias bergantung pada sifat
media (index bias). Untuk sudut datang di atas nilai kritis tertentu, sinar
akan dibiaskan kembali ke dalam silika, tidak ada yang lepas ke udara.
Jadi, sinar yang datang pada sudut yang tepat sama dengan atau di
atas sudut kritis akan terperangkap di dalam serat, dan dapat
merambat beberapa kilometer tanpa rugi-rugi yang signifikan.
Antarmuka pasif terdiri dari dua tap yang dilebur dalam serat optik utama. Tap
pertama memiliki LED atau dioda laser di ujungnya (untuk pengiriman),
sedangkan tap lainnya memiliki photodiode (untuk penerimaan). Perangkat tap
itu sendiri bersifat pasif dan sangat andal karena LED atau photodiode yang
rusak tidak akan merusak ring secara keseluruhan, melainkan hanya berakibat
satu komputer mati.
Tipe antarmuka lain adalah repeater aktif. Cahaya yang datang diubah menjadi
sinyal listrik, dibangkitkan lagi dengan kekuatan penuh jika dayanya lemah,
kemudian diretransmisi sebagai cahaya. Saat ini telah diperkenalkan repeater
optik murni. Perangkat ini tidak memerlukan konversi optik ke listrik ke optik,
sehingga dapat beroperasi pada bandwidth yang sangat tinggi.
Tinjau kasus topologi ring:
Apabila repeater aktif mengalami kegagalan, ring akan rusak dan
keseluruhan jaringan mati.
Sedangkan antarmuka pasif dapat mengalami rugi-rugi pada tiap
sambungan, sehingga jumlah komputer dan panjang ring total terbatas.
Konsep Splicing
Redaman
Delay
Jarak Antar
Repeater
Twisted pair
(dengan loading)
0 3,5 kHz
50 s/km
2 km
0 1 MHz
3 dB/km pada 1
kHz
5 s/km
2 km
Kabel koaksial
0 500 MHz
7 dB/km pada 10
MHz
4 s/km
1 9 km
Serat optik
5 s/km
40 km
Attenuation vs Frequency
PE JACKET
PE or PVC JACKET
40 % ALUMINUM
BRAID SHIELD
COPPER-CLAD
ALUMINIUM CENTER
CONDUCTOR
Panjang kabel
Temperatur
0,174 in
(small gauge)
11
Attenuation
(dB/km)
10
9
8
0,375 in
(large gauge)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
6
2
7 8
9 10
8
10
Frequency (MHz)
10
20
2b
2a
= 2,12 x 10 - 6
f (1/a + 1/b)
dB/100 m
log b/a
f = frekuensi (Hz)
Impedansi karakteristik :
ATTENUATION
CHARACTERISTIC OF
LARGE DIAMETER
COAXIAL CABLE (0,375
in)
0,1
10
FREQUENCY (MHz)
100
1000
58
56
54
52
50
48
46
44
42
40
38
36
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
ATTENUATION (dBm/KM)
KARATERISTIK REDAMAN
@ 20o C =
T
1+ 0,0011 ( T)
Dimana :
@ 20o C
T
T
Contoh Soal :
Diketahui :
Kabel tipe RG6 , Redaman pada 20o C adalah 18,54 dB/100 mtr pada
frekuensi 750 MHz
Ditanya :
Berapa redaman (att) pada temperatur 32C.
Jawab :
Redaman pada temperatur 32C = R20C ( 1+0,0011T )
= 18,54 dB (1+0,0011( 32-20))
= 18,54 dB ( 1+0,0011X12 ))
= 18,78 dB
Loop
Loop
resistance
resistance
Ohm meter
Contoh Soal :
Diketahui :
Kabel tipe QR 540 mempunyai nilai loop DCR pada temperatur 20 oC
adalah 5,28 ohm.
Ditanyakan :
Berapa besarnya nilai loop DCR kabel QR 540 pada temperatur
32oC ?
Jawab :
Rt pd 32C
= R20C ( 1+0,0021T )
= 5,28 (1+0,0021( 32-20)) ohm
= 5,28 ( 1+0,0021X12 )) ohm
= 5,28 x 1,0252
= 5,41 ohm
PERBANDINGAN KARAKTERISTIK
KABEL DISTRIBUSI DAN KABEL DROP
ATTENUATION
(dB)
10.0
F59 DROP CABLE
F6 DROP CABLE
F7 DROP CABLE
F11 DROP CABLE
0,54 INCH DISTRIBUTION CABLE
0,71 INCH DISTRIBUTION CABLE
0,86 INCH DISTRIBUTION CABLE
1,0
0,1
100
1000
FREQUENCY
MHZ
Diameter kabel
(in)
dB Loss per 100
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
Frequency
5
30
50
300
350
400
450
550
600
750
1000
0,17
0,41
0,53
1,33
1,44
1,54
1,64
1,81
1,90
2,13
2,49
0,56
1,35
1,74
4,36
4,72
5,05
5,38
5,94
6,23
6,99
8,17
0,14
0,35
0,46
1,14
1,23
1,32
1,40
1,55
1,63
1,83
2,15
0,46
1,15
1,51
3,74
4,04
4,33
4,59
5,09
5,35
6,00
7,05
0,11
0,28
0,36
0,91
0,99
1,06
1,13
1,25
1,34
1,50
1,77
0,36
0,92
1,18
2,99
3,25
3,48
3,71
4,10
4,40
4,92
5,81
0,10
0,25
0,32
0,79
0,86
0,91
0,97
1,08
1,11
1,25
1,47
0,33
0,82
1,05
2,59
2,82
2,99
3,18
3,54
3,64
4,10
4,82
0,07
0,18
0,23
0,60
0,65
0,70
0,74
0,82
0,87
0,97
1,16
0,23
0,59
0,75
1,97
2,13
2,30
2,43
2,69
2,85
3,18
3,81
Loop resistance
per 100
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
Copper Aluminium
Solid Copper
1,92
1,36
6,30
4,46
1,46
1,06
4,79
3,48
0,97
0,72
3,18
2,36
0,68
0,50
2,23
1,64
0,41
0,31
1,35
1,02
0.440
0.650
0.500
0.440
0.440
Diameter kabel
(in)
dB Loss per 100
ft
ft
ft
ft
Frequency
5
30
50
300
350
400
450
550
600
750
1000
0,14
0,34
0,44
1,13
1,23
1,32
1,40
1,56
1,64
1,85
2,17
0,46
1,12
1,44
3,71
4,04
4,33
4,59
5,12
5,38
6,07
7,12
0,11
0,27
0,35
0,89
0,97
1,05
1,12
1,25
1,31
1,49
1,75
0,36
1,89
1,15
2,92
3,18
3,44
3,67
4,10
4,30
4,89
5,74
0,09
0,23
0,30
0,76
0,83
0,88
0,95
1,06
1,10
1,24
1,44
0,30
0,75
0,98
2,49
2,72
2,89
3,12
3,48
3,61
4,07
4,72
0,07
0,17
0,22
0,59
0,65
0,70
0,75
0,84
0,89
1,01
1,20
0,23
0,56
0,72
1,94
2,13
2,30
2,46
2,76
2,92
3,31
3,94
Loop resistance
per 100
ft
ft
ft
ft
Copper Aluminium
1,61
5,28
0,997
3,27
0,724
2,38
0,42
1,38
0.540
0.860
0.715
1,125
Konstruksi fisik :
Terdiri dari 4 bagian
Inner conductor; terbuat dari tembaga yang dilapis baja (CuSt) atau
tembaga dilapis timah (CuSn).
Isolasi (dielectrik) ; terbuat dari polyethylene (PE).
Outer ; terbuat dari tembaga (Cu) atau tembaga dilapis perak
(CuAg/CuAg).
Outer jacket; terbuat dari polyvinylchloride (PVC).
Diameter kabel bagian luar (cable outer) :
Tipe RG 59
: 6,1 mm
Tipe RG 6
: 8,45 mm
Tipe RG 11
: 10,3 mm
Pengukuran
pada
Frekuensi
( MHz )
5
30
50
300
350
400
450
550
600
750
1000
Type Kabel
RG-611
RG-6
RG-59
dB Loss per 100
ft
ft
0,81
1,45
1,78
4,13
4,48
4,81
5,13
5,72
6,00
6,53
7,95
2,66
4,76
5,84
13,55
14,70
15,78
16,83
18,77
19,68
21,42
26,08
0,61
1,17
1,44
3,37
3,65
3,92
4,17
4,65
4,87
5,50
6,43
0,20
3,84
4,72
11,06
11,97
12,86
13,68
15,26
15,98
18,04
21,10
ft
0,56
1,00
1,20
2,74
2,98
3,20
3,41
3,80
3,99
4,50
5,25
1,84
3,28
3,94
8,99
9,78
10,50
11,19
12,47
13,09
14,76
17,22
RG-11
dB Loss per 100
ft
0,36
0,75
0,93
2,17
2,36
2,53
2,69
3,01
3,16
3,58
4,23
1,18
2,46
3,05
7,12
7,74
8,30
8,83
9,88
10,37
11,75
13,88
Konektor F Coaxial
Sambungan Lurus
Coaxial 50 Ohm
Sambungan Lurus
Coaxial 75 Ohm
ATTENUATOR
30 dB
Sambungan Lurus
F Coaxial
10 dB
Attenuator untuk
F Coaxial
TAP
12dB
12dB
Input
Output
OUT
12dB
IN
Kabel drop
ke pelanggan
Grounding
Outdoor
Indoor
Cable
Modem
Kabel
Ground
Splitter
Cable TV Services
Cable Telephony Service
Data Comm Service
TAP
COAXIAL CABLE
DISTRIBUTION
RG - 6/7
SUBSCRIBER
DROP
Cable MODEM
CIU
Telephone Line # 1
Distribution
Box
Telephone Line # 2
Set-top Box
Television set
Distribution Box
Tap
Fax
PC
P.Inverter
Telephone
Drop
Amp
Gain
10dB
Splitter
CIU
Cable Modem
Television
RG59/RG6/7
cable
Splitter
Loss=4,4 dB
External
Cable Modem :
Ethernet
PC
Cable Modem
(External)
cable
PC
PC
Internal
Cable Modem :
Interactive
Set Top box (STB) :
Cable Modem
(Internal)
cable
Interactive
Set Top Box
cable
TV
Keyboard/Mouse
Tuner
Demod
and
Err Corr.
MAC
Interface
PCI / USB
Ethernet
Burst
Modulator
Frekuensi 5 - 65 ( 5 - 42 MHz )
Bandwidth up to 2 MHz
Modulasi QPSK atau 16QAM.
Rate data 3 Mbps (400 kbps).
Transmit data burst pada timeslot (TDM).
Headend
CMTS
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CATV
CATV
Converters&
Converters&
Modulators
Modulators
CATV
CATV
Combiner
Combiner
CA TV Signals
Splitter
Splitter
Video
Video
Playback
Playback
Unit
Unit
PSTN
T1 SPAN
Local
Local
Digital
Digital
Switch
Switch
DS1 Span
Lines
(DSX)
(DSX)
Punchdown
Punchdown
Panel
Panel with
with
Test
Test Port
Port
Head
Head End
End
Devices
Devices
8
9
10
11
Redundant
Redundant
-48VDC
-48VDC
Power
Power
Supplies
Supplies
-48VDC
Downstream
Downstream
Combiner
Combiner
Coax
Coax to
to Fiber
Fiber
Converter
Converter
Laser
Laser
Downstream
Downstream
Combiner
Combiner
Coax
Coax to
to Fiber
Fiber
Converter
Converter
(Laser)
(Laser)
Coax
Coax to
to Fiber
Fiber
Converter
Converter
Laser
Laser
12
12 max
12
Upstream RF 5 - 40 MHz
Cable Comm
Equipment
CCF
CCF
2
3
4
Downstream
5 Fiber Trunk #6
Downstream
Fiber Trunk #7
8
9
10 Downstream
11 Fiber Trunk #12
Fiber
Fiber to
to
Coax
Coax
Converters
Converters
(12)
(12)
MODEM
MODEM
HUB
HUB
From
Subscriber
12 max
10BaseT
-48VDC
Downstream
Fiber Trunk #1
Upstream
Fiber Trunk #1..12
Upstream RF 52 - 750MHz
ICC
Coax
Coax to
to Fiber
Fiber
Converter
Converter
(Laser)
(Laser)
Downstream
Downstream
Combiner
Combiner
DS1 Spans
Customer Inputs & Outputs
Downstream
Downstream
Combiner
Combiner
Element
Element
Manager
Manager
Remote
User Interface
T1 span
Pad
Input
EQ
Output
G1
Input hybrid
amplifier
Interstage
Area
G2
Output hybrid
amplifier
( Option )
Penguatan (Gain)
Noise Figure
Linieritas
Amplifier Trunk
Amplifier Trunk & Bridger
Amplifier Bridger
Amplifier Line Extender
Amplifier Indoor
input
output
Amp
1 watt
Gain = 10 log
18 watt
18
Gain = 10 log -----1
Output (W)
Input (W)
= 12,5 dB
S in
S out
G
N in
N out
Ne
Sin / Nin
Noise Factor = F =
Sout / Nout
( dB )
S in
S out
N in
N out
G1
NF1
G2
NF2
F2 - 1
Ft = F1 +
G1
G3
NF3
Gn
NFn
F3 - 1
+ G1.G2 + . . . . . . . . . . . .
NFt = 10 log Ft
(dB)
Karakteristik Input-Output
Output
Titik Saturasi
n
Li
r
ie
n
No
Titik
Kerja
er
ni
i
L
Input
Headend
Distribution
Hub
Fiber
Node
Directional
Coupler
Trunk Cable
Line Extender
Amplifier
TAP
Trunk
Amplifier
Bridger
Amplifier
Feeder Cable
Ground
Block
Drop
Cable
Telephone
Fax
Data/PC
Distribution
Box
TV Set
Amplifier Bridger
Amplifier Trunk
Coaxial
Trunk
Coaxial
Trunk
F
Coaxial
Trunk
SP
F
SP
SP
Coaxial
Distribusi
DC
F
Coaxial
Trunk
DC
SP
Coaxial
Distribusi
( dua arah )
Diplex
Diplex
Filter
Filter
Downstream
Downstream
Equalizer
Equalizer
PAD
PAD
Amp
Gain
Amp
PAD
PAD
Gain
Slope
Amp
Slope
Upstream
Upstream
Equalizer
Equalizer
Diplex
Diplex
Filter
Filter
Output
Test Point
Input
Test Point
Trunk Amplifier
Input
10 dBmV
32 dBmV
Filter
Input
Filter
Output
10 dB
32 dBmV
Output
18 dBmV
Automatic
Slope Gain
Bridger
Test
Point
Bridger
Amplifier
Filter
Bridger
42 dBmV
Signal
dist.
12 dB
Return Trunk
Amplifier
42 dBmV
36 dBmV
42 dBmV
Splitter
Keterangan :
Down stream
Up stream
Loss Filter = 0,5 dB
Insertion Loss DC = 1 dB
Loss splitter/distr = 3,5 dB
Splitter
36 dBmV
42 dBmV
General Specifications :
Band Coverage
Frequency Response
Noise Figure
Return Loss (includes dipelx filters)
Gain
Impedance
Testpoint
Power Consumption
Performance Specifications
Output Level for 62 dB CTB and 63 dB CSO
Recommended Operation Level
Active Return Channel Amplifier RCA3Z
Band Coverage
Module Gain
Bridger Amplifier
Maks. 37 dB
Input Kabel
Distribusi
Coaxial
Tap
8 port
Output kabel
Distribusi
coaxial
TAP
Amplifier
CIU
Type MAX037G
Trunk & Bridger Amp
(Pedestal)
Type MAX030G
Bridger Amp
(Pedestal)
Bridger Amp
(Kabel Udara)
Ke Psw Tlp
Pedestal
Distribution Box
Ke Psw Fax
P.Inverter
Tap
Tap-off value=
18dB@750MHz
Ke Cable
Modem/PC
Drop
Amp
Gain
10dB
Splitter
CIU
Splitter
Loss=4,4 dB
Ke Set Top
Box/TV
Power Inserter
Splitter/Combiner
Directional Coupler
Tap
Terminator
COAX
Power Block
(capacitor)
RF Choke
Fuse
RF Choke
Fuse
60- 90 VAC
COAX
Downstream
50 - 862 MHz
60 - 90 VAC
5 - 42 MHz
50 - 862 MHz
Power
Power
Supply
Supply
Upstream
60 - 90 VAC
5 - 42 MHz
60 Vac 50 Hz
plus signal
Amplifier
Signal
RFC
60 Vac
5 Vdc
24 Vdc
30 Vac
Rectifier
Rectifier
Smooth
Smooth
Filter
Filter
Regu
Regu
lator
lator
Fiber
Fiber- -Coax
Coax
Converter
Converter
Fiber Node
Fiber
Fiber- -Coax
Coax
Converter
Converter
Fiber Node
PI
PI
P/S
P/S
Cara - 1
PI
PI
P/S
P/S
Cara - 2
Power
Inserter
Input sinyal
Bridger
Amplifier
Sumber
PLN
Power
Inserter
60 VAC
Output
sinyal
untuk
2 komunitas
pelanggan
Simbol
2-Way Splitter
50 % daya sinyal
50 % daya sinyal
2-Way Splitter
4-Way Splitter
8-Way Splitter
Frequency
(MHz)
Insertion Loss
(dB)
VICTORY ELECTRONIC
Return
Loss (dB)
In
Isolation
Out - Out
(dB)
Out
5 - 47
3.5
25.0
25.0
26.0
47 - 230
3.6
25.0
28.0
35.0
230 - 470
3.8
22.0
25.0
30.0
470 - 860
4.1
22.0
22.0
30.0
860 - 1000
4.2
22.0
22.0
25.0
Impedance
(ohm)
In
Out
75
75
Input
Output
Tap
Sinyal dibagi dengan porsi yang tidak sama.
Insertion Loss
Output
Input
Tap
Loss
Tap
Product C-Cor
Type
Frequency
(MHz)
SDC-1000-8
SDC-1000-12
Insertion Loss in dB
54
1.4/8.1
0.7/12.3
70
1.4/8.1
0.7/12.3
80
1.5/8.1
0.7/12.3
222
1.6/8.2
0.8/12.3
550
1.8/8.2
1.0/12.3
750
2.0/8.2
1.3/12.3
862
2.6/8.5
1.7/12.4
100
2.7/8.6
1.8/12.5
Directional
Coupler
input
Ouput Trunk
8 dB
Splitter
Trunk
Amplifier
Bridger
Amplifier
Output
Bridger
Trunk
Amplifier
Maks. 37 dB
Directional
Coupler
2
DC
Splitter
SP
1
5 6
Insertion Loss
Directional
Coupler
input
Output
ke TAP
berikutnya
Tap
Loss
+
Splitter
Loss
Splitter
Output ke 2 pelanggan
2-Way TAP
23
Amp
26 dB
23 dB
20 dB
17 dB
Tap
Tap
Tap
Tap
Tap
Tap
Jarak tiang
50 m
14 dB
11 dB
14
17 dB
14 dB
11 dB
8 dB
Tap
4 port
14
Input kabel
distribusi
coaxial
Output kabel
distribusi
coaxial
YCM-1004A TAP 12, 15, 20, 24, 27, 30 dB 4 WAY TAP, VICTORY ELECTRONIC
Return Loss
(dB)
Freq. Range TAP Loss
Ins. Loss
Isolation
Out-Out
(dB)
OUT-
TAP-
Imp.
(ohm)
(MHz)
(dB)
(dB)
IN
OUT
TAP
TAP
5 - 47
15 1.2
3.2
20.0
20.0
30.0
30.0
47 - 230
15 1.2
3.2
22.0
25.0
30.0
30.0
230 - 470
15 1.2
3.2
25.0
22.0
30.0
30.0
470 - 860
15 1.2
3.5
22.0
22.0
30.0
30.0
3.8
22.0
20.0
30.0
30.0
75
Amp
Tap
Tap
Tap
Tap
Tap
Tap
Jarak tiang
50 m
Terminator
Terminator
Question and
Answer