INTERNAL MEDICINE BOARD REVIEW FLASHCARDS

Cardiovascular Disease
Includes 50 Flashcards for Board Exam prep

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KNOWMEDGE

INTERNAL MEDICINE BOARD REVIEW FLASHCARDS

Cardiovascular Disease

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Question 1

What is the most common tumor

involving cardiac valves?

Answer 1

Papillary fibroelastoma

Question 2

What is the most common presentation

in patients with papillary fibroelastoma?

Answer 2

Embolic phenomenon resulting in TIA,

stroke or MI

Question 3

What is the most common cardiac tumor

in infants?

Answer 3

Rhabdomyomas

Question 4

Which is the most common primary

cardiac tumor?

Answer 4

Myxomas

Question 5

What is the treatment of choice in

patients with cardiac myxomas?

Answer 5

Surgical excision

Question 6

What is the most common cause of

sudden death in young athletes?

Answer 6

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 7

What is the classic echo finding in

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 7

Systolic anterior motion of mitral valve

Question 8

Which drug class is contraindicated in

the management of multifocal atrial
tachycardia (MAT)?

Answer 8

Beta blockers

Question 9

What is the drug of choice for beta

blocker overdose?

Answer 9

IV Glucagon

Question 10

What is the target INR when warfarin is

used as the oral anticoagulant in patients
with atrial fibrillation?

Answer 10

2.0 to 3.0

Question 11
As per USPTF, which age group will
benefit the most with daily aspirin 81 mg
for primary prevention of myocardial
infarction?

Answer 11

Men aged 45 - 79 yrs

Question 12

Which CYP enzyme polymorphism is

most important in activation of
clopidogrel?

Answer 12

CYP2C19

Question 13

What is the target receptor of

thienopyridine drugs?

Answer 13

ADP receptors of P2Y12 subtype

Question 14

What is the most significant risk factor of

the thienopyridine drug Ticlopidine?

Answer 14

Life-threatening agranulocytosis

Question 15

What is the role of thrombolytic therapy

in spontaneous coronary artery
dissection (SCAD)?

Answer 15

Thrombolytic therapy is contraindicated

in SCAD

Question 16

HIT develops due to autoantibodies

against which antigen?

Answer 16

Platelet factor 4 present on platelet

surface

Question 17

What is generally the most accurate way

to make a diagnosis of retroperitoneal
bleeding?

Answer 17

Emergent noncontrast CT scan of the

abdomen

Question 18

Infarction of which wall most commonly

produces papillary muscle dysfunction?

Answer 18

Inferior wall MI

Question 19

Which drug is contraindicated in patient

of erectile dysfunction on
phosphodiesterase inhibitors?

Answer 19

Nitrates

Question 20

Which drug is used to prevent

scleroderma renal crisis?

Answer 20

ACE Inhibitors

Question 21

Which antifibrotic agent is used in

treatment of systemic sclerosis?

Answer 21

D-penicillamine

Question 22

Which drug when used in treatment of

pericarditis can lead to relapse or
recurrent pericarditis?

Answer 22

Steroids

Question 23
For bare-mental stents, the minimum
duration of dual antiplatelet therapy
(aspirin and clopidogrel) is _____
month(s) post-stent implantation.

Answer 23

1 month

Question 24
If elective noncardiac surgery is
recommended for a patient with recent
bare metal stenting, it should be delayed
until ____ weeks after the stent was
placed.

Answer 24

4 weeks

Question 25
According to ACCP guidelines on
antithrombotic therapy recommend
resuming aspirin approximately ___
hours after surgery when there is
adequate hemostasis.

Answer 25

24 hours (or the next morning)

Question 26

Which drug is used to coat DES?

Answer 26

Sirolimus

Question 27

What is the minimum duration of double

antiplatelet therapy in case of drug
eluting stents?

Answer 27

At least 12 months

Question 28
How long should clopidogrel be
continued when a patient with chronic
stable angina undergoes a PCI with
placement of a bare metal stent?

Answer 28

At least 1 month

Question 29

How long after PCI should aspirin be

continued?

Answer 29

Indefinitely

Question 30

How is risk stratification done in patients

with unstable angina?

Answer 30

Stress testing & TIMI score

Question 31

What is the target INR for mechanical

MV prosthesis?

Answer 31

2.5 to 3.5 maintained indefinitely

Question 32

What is the treatment of choice for

patients with MVP who develop
transient ischemic attacks?

Answer 32

Aspirin

Question 33

What is the treatment of choice in a

symptomatic patient with severe MS &
MR?

Answer 33

Mitral valve replacement

Question 34

What is the treatment of choice in a

pregnant woman with symptomatic
mitral stenosis?

Answer 34

Percutaneous Mitral Balloon

Valvuloplasty (PMBV)

Question 35

Hemoptysis is associated with which

valvular heart disease?

Answer 35

Mitral stenosis

Question 36

What is the maximal predicted heart rate

during a cardiac stress test?

Answer 36

220 - age in years

Question 37

What are the 4 pharmacological

stressors which can be used in stress
test?

Answer 37

Dobutamine, adenosine, dipyridamole,

regadenoson

Question 38

Which is the initial diagnostic test to

confirm MR?

Answer 38

Echocardiography

Question 39

What is the most common mutation

seen in patients with HOCM?

Answer 39

Beta-myosin heavy chain mutations

Question 40

How do you prevent sudden death in

high risk patients of HOCM?

Answer 40

ICD implantation

Question 41

What is the most common congenital

heart valve defect?

Answer 41

Bicuspid aortic valve disease

Question 42

What is the characterisic pulse felt in

patients with aortic stenosis?

Answer 42

Pulsus parvus et tardus

Question 43

What is the most common congenital

cyanotic heart disease?

Answer 43

Tetrology of Fallot

Question 44

What are the four components of

tetrology of Fallot?

Answer 44
- VSD
- overriding aorta
- pulmonary stenosis
- right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 45

Continuous machinery like murmur is

seen with which congenital heart
disease?

Answer 45

Patent ductus arteriosus

Question 46

Which maternal infection predisposes

her fetus to develop PDA?

Answer 46

Maternal rubella

Question 47

Which drug causes closure of small

PDAs?

Answer 47

NSAIDs like indomethacin

Question 48

Which murmurs decrease with squatting

and passive leg raise?

Answer 48

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and mitral

valve prolapse

Question 49

Which cardiac condition presents with

fixed split of second heart sound?

Answer 49

Atrial septal defect

Question 50

What is the most common type of atrial

septal defect (ASD)?

Answer 50

Ostium secundum defect

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