Name:_________________________________________Date:_____________________Period:_______

Ionicvs.CovalentBonding

Bondingisthejoiningtogetheroftwoormore
atomswhichresultsintheformationofa
chemicalsubstance.Therearetwodifferent
typesofbonds:ionicandcovalent.

Whatisbonding?________________________

______________________________________

Anionicbondisatypeofbondformed
betweenametalandanonmeta
l
.Inanionic
bondoneatom(typicallythemetal)givesup
itsvalenceelectron(s),andanotheratom
(typicallythenonmetal)receivesan
electron(s).Thiscausestheformationofions.
(Getit
ion
s...
ion
icbonding).Onceionsare
formed,twooppositelychargedatomsare
attractedtooneanotherandremaintogether
(orbonded).Onefamiliarexampleofanionic
bondisNaCltablesalt)InSodiumChloride
(NaCl)theSodium(Na)atomgivesupitsone
valenceelectron,makingitanionwitha+1
charge.TheChlorine(Cl)atomreceivesthis
electron,makingitanionwitha1charge.
Becausethetwoatomsarenowoppositely
chargedtheyremainbondedtogetherforming
acompound.

Whatisanionicbond(whattype(s)ofelements
areinvolved)?_________________________

_____________________________________

Whatdoesionicbondingresultintheformationof?
___________________

Thekeytorepresentingionicbondingisto
showthetransferofelectron(s)andthe
formationofions.Intheimagebelow
Sodiumsvalenceelectronisrepresentedasa
dot,whereasChlorinesvalenceelectronsare
representedasxs.Beforethereactioneach
elementhasitsrespectivevalenceelectrons.
Afterthereactioneachelementisanion,as
indicatedbyitscharge(+or).Also,afterthe
reactionSodiumhasnovalenceelectronsand
Chlorinehaseightvalenceelectronsincluding
theoneitacquiredfromSodium.Inthis
exampleLewisDotstructuresareused,
howeverBohrmodelscanalsobeused.

Howdoyourepresent(show)ionicbonding?In
otherwords,whatarethekeycomponentsto
includewhenwritinganionicbond?

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

DrawtheionicbondofMagnesiumandOxygen.

WhatsubstanceisSodiumChloride(NaCl)?


Name:_________________________________________Date:_____________________Period:_______

Acovalentbondisatypeofbondformed
betweentwononmetals.Covalentbondingis
differentfromionicbondingbecausein
covalentbondselectronsaresharedbetween
atomsratherthangivenandreceived.A
familiarexampleofacovalentbondisCH
.In
4
methane(CH
)thereisoneCarbon(C)atom
4
andfourHydrogenatoms.EachHydrogenis
sharingitsonevalenceelectronwithCarbon.
AtthesametimeCarbonissharingoneofits
fourvalenceelectronswitheachofthe
Hydrogenatoms.ThisallowseachHydrogen
tohavetwovalenceelectrons(afullenergy
shell)andCarbontohaveeightvalence
electrons(alsoafullenergyshell).Incovalent
bondstheatomsarebondedtogether
becausetheyaresharingelectrons,rather
thanbyoppositecharges.

Whatisacovalentbond(whattype(s)ofelements
areinvolved)?____________________________

________________________________________

Whichdoyouthinkisstronger,anionicbondora
covalentbond?Thinkofitasafriendship.Woulda
friendshipthatisbasedongiveandtakebe
strongeroronebasedonsharing?____________

________________________________________

________________________________________

Unlikeionicbonding,covalentbondingdoes
notresultintheformationofions.Therefore,
representingcovalentbondsrequiresa
differentprocess.Forcovalentbondingthe
keyistoshowthesharingofelectrons.Inthe
imagebelowHydrogenandCarbonare
shownwiththeirrespectivevalenceelectrons
beforethereaction.Afterthereactioneach
Hydrogenissharingtheironeelectronwith
Carbon,whileatthesametimeCarbonis
sharingoneofitselectronswithHydrogen.
Pairsofsharedelectronscanbedrawnusing
twodotsoralineasshownbelow.Covalent
bondingistypicallyrepresentedusingLewis
Dotstructures,howeverBohrmodelscanalso
beused.

Howdoyourepresent(show)covalentbonding?
________________________________________

________________________________________

Whatarethetwowaystodrawapairofshared
electrons?_______________________________

________________________________________

Drawthecovalentbondformedbetweentwo
Chlorineatoms.

Wheredoyoucommonlyfindmethane(CH
)?
4

WhymightitbeeasiertorepresentbondingusingLewisDotstructuresratherthanBohrmodels?

IsH
Oacovalentbondoranionicbond?Why?
2


Name:_________________________________________Date:_____________________Period:_______

Ionicvs.CovalentBonding
Bonding
isthejoiningtogetheroftwoormore
atomswhichresultsintheformationofa
chemicalsubstance.Therearetwodifferent
typesofbonds:ionicandcovalent.

Whatisbonding?_____________________

___________________________________

An
ionicbond
isatypeofbondformed
betweenametalandanonmetal
.Inanionic
bondoneatom(typicallythe
metal
)givesupits
valenceelectron(s),andanotheratom(typically
the
nonmetal
)receivesanelectron(s).This
causestheformationof
ions
.(Getit
ion
s...
ion
ic
bonding).Onceionsareformed,twooppositely
chargedatomsareattractedtooneanotherand
remaintogether(orbonded).Onefamiliar
exampleofanionicbondisNaCl,ortablesalt.
InSodiumChloride(NaCl)theSodium(Na)
atomgivesupitsone
valenceelectron
,making
itanionwitha+1charge.TheChlorine(Cl)
atomreceivesthiselectron,makingitanionwith
a1charge.Becausethetwoatomsarenow
oppositelychargedtheyremainbondedtogether
forminga
compound
.

Whatisanionicbond(whattype(s)ofelements
areinvolved)?________________

___________________________________

Whatdoesionicbondingresultintheformation
of?__________________________

WhatsubstanceisSodiumChloride(NaCl)?

Thekeytorepresentingionicbondingistoshow
thetransferofelectron(s)andtheformationof
ions.
IntheimagebelowSodiumsvalence
electronisrepresentedasadot,whereas
Chlorinesvalenceelectronsarerepresentedas
xs.Beforethe
reaction
eachelementhasits
respectivevalenceelectrons.Afterthereaction
eachelementisanion,asindicatedbyits
charge
(+or).Also,afterthereactionSodium
hasnovalenceelectronsandChlorinehaseight
valenceelectronsincludingtheoneitacquired
fromSodium.Inthisexample
LewisDot
structures
areused,however
Bohrmodels
canalsobeused.

Howdoyourepresent(show)ionicbonding?In
otherwords,whatarethekeycomponentsto
includewhenwritinganionicbond?

___________________________________

___________________________________

___________________________________

DrawtheionicbondofMagnesiumandOxygen.


Name:_________________________________________Date:_____________________Period:_______

A
covalentbond
isatypeofbondformed
betweentwononmetals.
Covalentbondingis
differentfromionicbondingbecauseincovalent
bondselectronsare
sharedbetweenatoms
ratherthangivenandreceived.
Afamiliar
exampleofacovalentbondisCH
.Inmethane
4
(CH
)thereisoneCarbon(C)atomandfour
4
Hydrogenatoms.EachHydrogenissharingits
onevalenceelectronwithCarbon.Atthesame
timeCarbonissharingoneofitsfourvalence
electronswitheachoftheHydrogenatoms.This
allowseachHydrogentohavetwovalence
electrons(
afullenergyshell
)andCarbonto
haveeightvalenceelectrons(alsoafullenergy
shell).Incovalentbondstheatomsarebonded
togetherbecausetheyaresharingelectrons,
ratherthanbyoppositecharges.

Whatisacovalentbond(whattype(s)of
elementsareinvolved)?_______________

___________________________________

Whichdoyouthinkisstronger,anionicbondor
acovalentbond?Thinkofitasafriendship.
Wouldafriendshipthatisbasedongiveand
takebestrongeroronebasedon
sharing?___________________________

___________________________________

___________________________________

Unlikeionicbonding,
covalentbondingdoesnot
resultintheformationofions
.Therefore,
representingcovalentbondsrequiresadifferent
process.
Forcovalentbondingthekeyisto
showthesharingofelectrons
.Intheimage
belowHydrogenandCarbonareshownwith
theirrespectivevalenceelectronsbeforethe
reaction.AfterthereactioneachHydrogenis
sharingtheironeelectronwithCarbon,whileat
thesametimeCarbonissharingoneofits
electronswithHydrogen.
Pairsofshared
electronscanbedrawnusingtwodotsoraline
asshownbelow
.Covalentbondingistypically
representedusingLewisDotstructures,
howeverBohrmodelscanalsobeused.

Howdoyourepresent(show)covalentbonding?
_____________________________________

_____________________________________

Whatarethetwowaystodrawapairofshared
electrons?____________________________

______________________________________

Drawthecovalentbondformedbetweentwo
Chlorineatoms.

Wheredoyoucommonlyfindmethane(CH
)?
4

WhymightitbeeasiertorepresentbondingusingLewisDotstructuresratherthanBohrmodels?

IsH
Oacovalentbondoranionicbond?Why?
2