Concepts of Normalization

Is a process for converting complex, data structures into simple, and stable data
structures.
Steps in Normalization
Is often accomplished in stages, each of which corresponds to a normal form. A
normal form is a state of a relation that can be determined by applying simple rules
regarding dependencies (or relationships between attributes) to that relation.
Table with
Repeating
groups
Remove
Repeating groups
First
Normal
Form
Remove
Partial Dependencies
Second
Normal
Form
Remove
Transitive Dependencies
Third
Normal
Form

Remove remaining
Anomalies resulting from
Functional dependencies

Boyce-Codd
Normal
Form
Remove
Multivalued
Dependencies
Fourth
Normal
Form
Remove
Remaining anomalies
Fifth
Normal
Form

STOCK FORM
Product_Code: ___________
Description : __________________

Supplier_Code

Supplier_Name

Supplier_Address

____________
____________
____________

_______________
_______________
_______________

______________
______________
______________

Unit_Cost: ______

Quantity_on_hand: ________

Warehouse_Number: ______
Warehouse_Address: ______

Steps in Normalization/Summary
1NF No repeating attributes
2NF No functional dependency
3NF No transitive dependency
Note:
Key attribute put this symbol # at the end of the attribute name.
Primary Key put underline.
Repeating Attributes are enclosed of double left and right parenthesis.
Entity List (Product_Code#, Description ((Supplier_Code#, Supplier_Name,
Supplier_Address)) Unit_Cost, Quantity_On_Hand, Warehouse_Number#,
Warehouse_Address)
1NF
PRODUCTS (Product_Code#, Description Unit_Cost, Quantity_On_Hand,
Warehouse_Number#, Warehouse_Address)
PRODUCTS_SUPPLIER (Product_Code#, Supplier_Code#, Supplier_Name,
Supplier_Address)

2NF
PRODUCTS (Product_Code#, Description Unit_Cost, Quantity_On_Hand)
PRODUCTS_WAREHOUSE (Product_Code#, Warehouse_Number#,
Warehouse_Address)
PRODUCTS_SUPPLIER (Product_Code#, Supplier_Code#, Supplier_Name,
Supplier_Address)

3NF
PRODUCTS (Product_Code#, Description Unit_Cost, Quantity_On_Hand)
PRODUCTS_WAREHOUSE (Product_Code#, Warehouse_Number#)
WAREHOUSE (Warehouse_Number#, Warehouse_Address)
PRODUCTS_SUPPLIER (Product_Code#, Supplier_Code#)
SUPPLIER (Supplier_Code#, Supplier_Name, Supplier_Address)

Entity Relationship Diagram / Class Diagram

PRODUCTS
WAREHOUSE

PRODUCTS
Product_Code (PK)
Description
Unit_Cost
Quantity_On_Hand

1..*

Product_Code
Warehouse_Number

1..*

Product_Code
Supplier_Code

1..*

Warehouse_Number
Warehouse_Address

SUPPLIER

PRODUCTS
SUPPLIER
1

WAREHOUSE

1..*

Supplier Code
Supplier_Name
Supplier_Address