Bonding
Standard 7
Making Ions
Making Ions
Ion
Cation
positively charged ion formed by a metal
losing electrons
Anion
-- negatively charged ion formed by a nonmetal
gaining electrons
LOSE
STAY
LOSE /
GAIN
11p
11n
11p
11n
Sodium Atom
Sodium Ion
11 protons
11 protons
11 electrons
10 electrons
Na
Na+1
17p
18n
17p
18n
Chlorine
Chloride ion
17 protons
17protons
17 electrons
18 electrons
Cl
Cl-1
Ion Charges
+1
+2
+2
can be other
charges
0
+3 +4 -3 -2 -1
+ valence electrons
Sr
Al
Sn
Br
Xe
Valence Electrons
Lewis Dot Structures
chemical formula
-- represents the kind and number of atoms
present in a compound
H20
subscript
-- SMALL numbers used to indicate the
number of atoms of a certain element (only if
its GREATER than 1)
Ionic Compounds
Ionic
Ionic
cation
Positive
Negative
Na
Cl
Activity:
Drawing Ionic Compounds
1. Lithium + Chlorine
NaCl,
of 3 or more elements
Polyatomic
charge
Names
Sulfate
Phosphite
Activity:
Making Ternary Compounds
Chemical
Formula
Name of
compound
Nitrate
NO3 -1
NaNO3
Sodium
Nitrate
Beryllium
Be +2
Hydroxide
OH-1
Be(OH) 2
Beryllium
Hydroxide
Potassium
K +1
Phosphate
PO4-3
K3PO4
Potassium
Phosphate
Ammonium
NH4+1
Oxide
O -2
(NH4) 2O
Ammonium
Oxide
Cation
Anion
Sodium
Na +1
Covalent Compounds
Covalent
Covalent
Covalent
Types
of covalent bonds:
Single Bond
Hydrogen + Chlorine
Hydrogen + Oxygen
Double Bond
Carbon + Oxygen + Oxygen
Triple Bond
Nitrogen + Nitrogen
Prefix System:
Binary Covalent Compounds
Use
Mono = 1
Hexa = 6
Di = 2 Hepta = 7
Tri = 3 Octo = 8
Tetra = 4
Nona = 9
Penta = 5
Deca = 10
Br2
I2
N2
Cl2
H2
O2 F2
1234 Rule:
Covalent
IONIC
or COVALENT?
NaBr
H 2O
_______________
_______________
CO2
_______________
LiCl
_______________
Covalent Bonds
Metal + Nonmetal
Nonmetal + Nonmetal
Transfers electrons
Shares electrons
Solid state
Usually crystalline
Soluble in water
Insoluble in water
Good conductor of
electricity (electrolytes)
Electronegativity
Electronegativity
Electronegativity Questions:
1.
2.
3.
OR
Penguin + Penguin
Penguin
VS.
Polar Bear
Ionic Bond
-- electrons are transferred from one
element to another
-- metal and a nonmetal
Shapes of Molecules
LINEAR
PYRAMIDAL
BENT
TETRAHEDRAL
Symmetry
The
H C H
FOF
If
HF
other.
Polar
dissolves polar
Nonpolar
Polar
dissolves nonpolar
Water = Polar
Water gas
Water liquid
Hydrogen bonding is
hydrogen from one
molecule attracted to
an oxygen from
another molecule
Water solid