ITP 303 Rancangan Penelitian dan Penyajian Ilmiah

Perancangan Percobaan
Program Sarjana Teknologi Pangan
Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan,
Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian-IPB

MATERI KULIAH
Pertemuan

Pokok Bahasan

P1

P2

Pengantar Rancangan Penelitian dan Penyajian Ilmiah

NWU

FKU

Langkah dalam Merancang dan Melaksanakan

Penelitian

NWU

FKU

Langkah dalam Menyusun Karya Ilmiah (Bagian I)

NWU

FKU

Langkah dalam Menyusun Karya Ilmiah (Bagian II)

NWU

FKU

Perancangan Percobaan

BNU

NES

Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dan Rancangan Acak

Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL)

BNU

NES

Rancangan Acak Faktorial

BNU

NES

UTS

Internationally Recognized Undergraduate Program by IFT & IUFoST

MATERI KULIAH
Pertemuan

Pokok Bahasan

P1

P2

Response Surface Methodology

BNU

NES

Sistematika Dalam Penulisan Hasil dan Pembahasan

Serta Penggunaan Angka dan Satuan dalam Karya
Ilmiah

NSP

WPR

10

Ilustrasi dalam Karya Ilmiah

NSP

WPR

11

Sitasi dan Daftar Pustaka serta Perumusan Abstrak,

Simpulan dan Saran

NSP

WPR

12

Penyusunan Bahan Presentasi dan Visualisasi

Menggunakan Power Point

NSP

WPR

13

Teknik Presentasi Karya Ilmiah secara Oral atau

Poster

NSP

WPR

14

Review dan Presentasi Tugas Penyusunan Proposal

NWU

FKU

UAS
NWU: Dr Nur Wulandari, FKU: Dr Feri Kusnandar, BNU: Dr Budi Nurtama, NES: Dr Nugraha E Suyatma,
NSP: Dr Nurheni Sri Palupi, WPR: Prof Dr Winiati P Rahayu
Internationally Recognized Undergraduate Program by IFT & IUFoST

Sub Topik

1.1 Pendahuluan

1.2 Rancangan Percobaan

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Learning Outcome

Setelah menyelesaikan
mahasiswa mampu:

topik

ini,

Meyusun Rancangan Percobaan yaitu

Rancangan Acak Lengkap, Rancangan
Kelompok, Rancangan Faktorial dan
Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
dalam penelitian yang akan dilakukan.
Internationally Recognized Undergraduate Program by IFT & IUFoST

Pendekatan Investigasi

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Riset Eksperimental
Penetapan kerangka kerja teoritis yang baik
Aplikasi rancangan percobaan
Penggunaan model dan analisis statistik yang
benar
Pemilihan dan pengendalian variabel bebas
yang sesuai
Pemilihan dan pengukuran variabel terikat
yang tepat
Interpretasi hasil percobaan yang benar

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Aplikasi Statistik di bidang Pangan

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Quote

Statistics may be defined as "a body of

methods for making wise decisions in
the face of uncertainty."
~W.A. Wallis

Internationally Recognized Undergraduate Program by IFT & IUFoST

Quote

A statistical analysis, properly

conducted, is a delicate dissection
of uncertainties, a surgery of
suppositions.

~M.J. Moroney
Internationally Recognized Undergraduate Program by IFT & IUFoST

Quote

Disappointment is
when a beautiful hypothesis

is destroyed by

Newton

an ugly fact

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RANCANGAN PERCOBAAN

satu kesatuan dari rancangan perlakuan,

rancangan lingkungan, dan rancangan

pengukuran.

Internationally Recognized Undergraduate Program by IFT & IUFoST

RANCANGAN PERCOBAAN

Rancangan Perlakuan
berkaitan dengan pembentukan perlakuanperlakuan (treatments).
Contoh :

Penggunaan berbagai varietas bahan baku (kualitatif)

Pengemasan dengan berbagai bahan pengemas (kualitatif)
Penyimpanan pada suhu ruang dan suhu beku (kuantitatif)
Pengeringan pada berbagai suhu dan lama pengeringan
(kualitatif/kuantitatif)
Penambahan berbagai bahan tambahan, misalnya bahan
pewarna (kualitatif/kuantitatif)
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Terminologi
Variabel (Peubah)
Bebas (Independent)
Terikat (Dependent)

Peubah bebas = faktor kualitatif/kuantitatif dg taraf

yg ditetapkan (fixed) atau acak (random)
Peubah terikat = respon
Perlakuan kontrol = reference/baseline/benchmark
Diperoleh dari unit percobaan dg ciri alami dan
karakteristiknya
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RANCANGAN PERCOBAAN

Rancangan Lingkungan
berkaitan dengan penempatan perlakuanperlakuan pada unit-unit percobaan.
Contoh :
Pengaturan suhu penyimpanan untuk berbagai
sampel produk
Pengelolaan dan penyiapan bahan baku yang
digunakan

Internationally Recognized Undergraduate Program by IFT & IUFoST

RANCANGAN PERCOBAAN

Rancangan Pengukuran
berkaitan dengan pengambilan respon dari unit-unit
percobaan.
Contoh :
pengukuran respon kadar air hasil pengeringan
bahan baku
pengukuran respon antioksidan makanan/minuman
fungsional
pengukuran respon jumlah mikroba pada sampel

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Jenis Pengukuran dalam Ilmu Pangan

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Jenis Data

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RANCANGAN PERCOBAAN

Teknik/Metode Perancangan
Rancangan Acak Lengkap

Rancangan Blok Acak Lengkap

Rancangan Faktorial
Rancangan RSM

dll.
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RANCANGAN PERCOBAAN

Prinsip Dasar

Pengacakan (Randomization)
Pengulangan (Replication)
Pengambilan Sampel (Sampling)

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Pengacakan (Randomization)
Process of making something random; this
means: Generating a random permutation of a
sequence (such as when shuffling cards).
Selecting a random sample of a population
(important in statistical sampling).
Allocating experimental units via random
assignment to a treatment or control condition.
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Pengulangan (Replication)
Ulangan Perlakuan (minimal 2 kali)

Ulangan Pengukuran (duplo/triplo)

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Pengambilan Sampel (Sampling)

Probability sampling
Non-Probability sampling

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampling_%28statistics%29#Sampling_methods

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Internationally Recognized Undergraduate Program by IFT & IUFoST

Experimental Error

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Ways of reducing error

Statistical appreciation
Variation between experimental units
Manipulation and dilution
Procedural techniques
Blocking
Randomisation
Coding and blinding
Use of controls or base lines
Measurement error
Suitability of the response measurement
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Hal-hal yang perlu diingat:

Satu riset penelitian bisa lebih dari satu rancangan
percobaan
Topik riset: Sensori vs. Non-Sensori
(Fisik/Kimia/Biokimia/Mikrobiologi)
Bantuan perangkat lunak pengolahan data

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REMEMBER

"All
experiments
are
designed
experiments, it is just that some are
poorly designed and a some are welldesigned."

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PUSTAKA
Mattjik, A.A. dan Sumertajaya, I.M. 2006. Perancangan
Percobaan dengan Aplikasi SAS dan Minitab. IPB
Press, Bogor.
Bower, J.A. 2009. Statistical Methods for Food Science. John
Wiley & Sons Ltd., UK.
Montgomery, D.C. 2013. Design and Analysis of Experiments.
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA

Internationally Recognized Undergraduate Program by IFT & IUFoST

Tugas:
Pelajari tentang sampling
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampling_%28statistics
%29#Sampling_methods
Responsi y.a.d : rancob untuk tugas sebelumnya

Internationally Recognized Undergraduate Program by IFT & IUFoST