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    INH US 2011000277441 «) United States «2 Patent Application Publication (10 Pub. No.: US 2011/0002774 Al Karafillis et al. (4) Pub. Date: Jan. 6, 2011 (51) ACTIVE CLEARANCE CONTROL FORA Publication Classifation CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR caterer ruin 12 (2006.01) (76). Inventors: ostolos Pavlos Karafills, fap a (2006.01) aeons Stes ATS Ta (52) US.CL “415/118; 415/127: 415/174.1 Winchester, MA (US): Kenneth Allen Lockie, 'ynn, MA (US): on ABSTRACT Minty,” URES ni teu ee ets See en ee nr aca Correspondence Adress: Steven J. Rosen the cavity, An electronic conteller for contolling a contol Patent Attorney pressure valve for pressurizing using a soure of compressor 4729 Cornell Rd Aischarge pressure air and depresurizing the eavity respec (Cincinnati, O11 45241 (US) tively may open and close the valves using pulse width modu lation. Pressure and clearance sensors positioned for measut- ing the eavit pressure the blade tip clearance eespoctively in (21) ApphNos — 12827,266 signal supply communication with the electron controller ‘maybe used, The shod may he supported by radially spaced ‘part angular radially outer and inner supports connected toa (2) Fite: Dee. 3, 2008 ‘casing by a bolted iat bounding the cavity CONTROL 1 oS > FADEC 152-4 : PWM ! E CONTROL uoneaygng worneayddy juaeg 930 Ly994S L107 ‘9 “UE TV PLLZ0OO/T107 $A. 146 : a FADEC 152+ ‘Doss wonvoyqng uopeayddy juaped 9507 IONS T1OZ‘9 “EL TV PLLZ000/L107 SA. Patent Application Publication Jan. 6, 2011 Sheet 3 of 6 US 2011/0002774 AL 136: ~\ 3-way Solenoid Voltage 100% open ven Solenoid duty cycles held between updates FIG. 4 Equal supply & vent 50% net supply 100% open supply Supply solenoid pull-in voltage Time FADEC update interval woneonqng woeoyddy: usyeg 930 PIONS T1OZ‘9 “EL TV PLLZ000/L107 SA. Patent Application Publication Jan. 6, 2011 Sheet 5 of 6 US 2011/0002774 A1 ‘Suppl: Solencid Voltage Drain Solenoid Voltage 1 30% open supply 60% open supply Oj Solenoid, duty cycles held between updates Closed Time 30% open drain FADEC update interval FIG. 6 supply voltage ..any duty cycle between O and 100% 60% open drain ...any duty cycle between 0 and 100% uoneanqng uoneoyddy used 9509 104s T1OZ‘9 “UE TV PLLZ000/L107 SA. US 2011/0002774 AI ACTIVE CLEARANCE CONTROL FORA ‘CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR GOVERNMENT INTERESTS [0001] The govemaent may have sights in this invention pursuant fo government contract W911W6-07-2-0002 awarded by the Departmeat of Defense. TECHNICAL FIELD 002] The present invention relates generally to gas tut- bine engines having eentefugal compressors and, more spe cifically, to contol oF clearances between an impeller anda shoud ofa centrifugal compresson BACKGROUND INFORMATION 003} Conventional gas turbine engines having centrifugal ‘compressors typically have an axial cold clearance between the impeller and the impeller shroud set such that 2 rub Deween them will ot occur atthe operating conditions that ‘ill cause the highest clearance closure which is typically cold burs. Active clearance contol systems have been devel- ‘oped to control radial turbine clearances between ips of axial flow radially extending turbine and compressor blades and souds surouading the blades. Typically these ative cleat- ‘ance conirol systems are thermally activated and use rela tively cold or hot air or a combination ofboth from te fan, erent compressor stages, or compressor discharge arto thermally cool or heat turbine or compressor shrouds or stood support stactues or casings in order to ree the ‘operating radial clearances. Contoling rial turbine cleat ances between tps of axial flow radially extending turbine ana compressor blades and shrouds surounding the blades ‘increases fuel efficiency and reduces wear onthe blades due tobe, [0004] tis known in heart tominimize clearance between the blade tips of an impeller rotating within a gos turbine engine and a surrounding blade ip shroud to rece leakoge of a working fluid around the blade tip of centrifugal com- pressor sages, Several actuation systems for adjusting blade tip clearance during engine operation have been developed ‘Thesesystems often inlude complicated Hinkages, contribute significant weight, andlor require a significant amount of power to operate. Thus, there continues to be a demand for advancements in blade clearance technology to decrease impeller tp clearance thus causing an increase in overall ‘compressor ellciney. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0005] A gas turbine engine centrifugal compressor and active contol system assembly includes a centeifgal com pressor having a plurality of eentrfugal compressor blades ‘mounted on an annular centrifugal compressor impeller, an annular blade tip shroud adjacent to blade tps ofthe blades, ‘substantially sealed annular eavity bounded in part by the annular blade tip shrovd, and an active control system for controlling an annular blade tp clearance between the ana larblade tp shroud and the blade tps by controlling a cavity pressure inthe cavity. 0006) An exemplary embodiment of the assembly includes valving controlled by an electronic controller for pressurizing and depressrizing the eavity. The valving is ‘operably connected toa source of compressor discharge pres sre efor pressurizing the cavity and may include a contol Jan. 6, 2011 pressure valve for pressurizing the cavity and depressurizing the cavity. The conrol pressure valve may beconneeted tothe source of compressor discharge pressure rand toa vent ine. Anelectonie controller may be controllably connected tothe ‘contra pressure valve. The eleetronie conroler may beoper- able for pulsing a solenoid ofthe control pressure valve many times a second for rapidly cycling the valves between open. ‘and closed states using pule widh modulation, [0007] Theassembly may further include one or more pres- sre sensors positioned formeasuring the cavity pressure, one ‘ormore clearance sensors positioned for measuring the blade ‘ipeleaance, andthe pressure and clearance sensor ia signal supply communication with the electron controle, [008] The assembly may further include the shroud sup- ported by radially spaced apart annular impeller shroud rai ally outer and inner supports connected to acasing, the cavity ‘boundeddby theouterandinner supports andthe nularblade tip shroud, and the radially outer and inner support attached to rally onter and inner ends ofthe shroud respectively. ‘Theradially outer andinner supports may beeonnected 1 the casing by a bolted join [0009] The assembly may further include axial stop pads extending radially outwardly from the radially ome end of ‘and distributed eircuraferetially about the shroud ofthe stop pac [0010] Ansiternative embodiment ofthe activecontrlsys- tem assembly includes a contol pressure valve for pressur- ‘ing the cavity sn a blow off pressure vale for depressur- ‘ing the cavity. The contol and blow of pressure valves may ‘oe inline and coanected to pressure line extending between the cavity and the source of compressor discharge pressure si Anlectroni coniroller may be contllably connected to the coatrol and blow off pressure valves. The cletroniccon- twoller may be operable for pulsing solenoids of the contol ana blow off pressure valves many times a secon for rapidly cycling the valves herween open and closed stats using pulse ‘width modulation. [0011] A method forcontrolling the annular blade tip clear- ance ineludes controlling the eavity pressure withthe active contro! system. The method may further include valving a sourceo compressor dischang pressure air for increasing he cewity pressure in the cavity and using @ control pressure valvefor the increasing ofthe cavity pressure inthe cavityand For decreasing the cavity pressure in the cavity. The electronic controller may be used for controling the contol pressure valve forthe controling ofthe cavity pressure by opeaing and closing the contol pressure valve for pressurizing the cavity with the source of compressor discharge pressure sir and alternatively closing the control pressure valve for depressur- ‘ning the cavity wth a presuce sik. 012] The method may further inelude pulsing a solenoid in the control pressure valve for opening and closing the contol pressure valve many times a sovond for rapidly cycling the valve between open and closed slates forthe controlling ofthe eavity pressure using pulse width modula tion forthe pulsing a the solenoid. The method may funher include measuring the cavity pressure using one or more pressure sensors positioned for measuring the cavity pressure and in signal supply communication with the electronic con- twller, measuring the blade ip clearance using one or more clearance sensors positioned for measuring the blade tip ‘monic controller, and using output from the pressure and US 2011/0002774 AI clearance sensors tothe electron controle for further con- ‘rolling the contol pressure valve forthe controlling ofthe cavity pressure. [0013]. An alteative method for controlling the annular blade tip clearance includes using a contol pressure valve for ‘increasing the cavity pressure in the cavity and using a blew off presse valve for decreasing the ewity pressure inthe cavity. The electronic eontoler may be used for controling ‘the contol and bow off pressure valves fr the controlling of the cavity presse by opening and closing the contr pres- sure valve fr pressurizing the eavity with the source of com- pressor discharge pressure air and atematvely opening and closing the blow off pressure valve for depressurizing the cavity witha pressure sink 0014] The method may fuer include pulsing solenoids in the contol andl blow off pressure valves for opening and closing the control and blow off pressure valves many times a second for rpidly eyeling the valves between open and closed states forthe contoling of the cavity pressure using pulsewidth modulation for the pulsing of the solenoids. The ‘method may farther inelade measuring the cavity pressure using one or more pressure sensors positioned for measuring the cavity pressure and in signal supply commuaication with, the electtonc controler, measuring the blade tip clearance ‘usingoneor more clearance sensors positioned for measuring the blade tip clearance and in signal supply communication ‘with he electronic controller, and using output rom the pres ste and clearance sensors tothe electronic contollee for further controlling the contol and blow off pressure valves forthe controling ofthe cavity pressure BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0015] _FIG. 1 isa schematic and sectional illustration of a ‘gas turbine engine high pressure gas generator with active clearance control for a cenrfgal compressor ia the gas srenerato, [0016] FIG. 2isan enlarged schematic and sectional illas- ‘ration ofthe centrifugal compressor and an active clearance contro sytem illustrate in FIG. 1 [0017] FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional illustration of the centrifugal compressor illustrated in FIG, 1. [0018] "FIG. 4isa graphic illustration of loge for operating apolse width modulation valve inthe ative clearance contol system ilustated in FIG. 2 [0019] FIG. Sisaschematic and sectional illustration ofthe centrifugal compressor and an alternative ative clearance ‘contro system sing two valves. 0020] FIG. 6isa graphic illustration of ogc for operating pulse width modulation valves inthe ative clearance contol system illustrated in FIG. 6 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0021] Ilustrsted in FIG. 1 gasturbine engine 8 witha high pressure gas generator 10 having a single sage central compressor 18 as a final compressor stage and an active control system 34 for contoling learances of paps inthe ‘centiugal compressor 18, The high pressure gas generator 10)asahigh pressure rotor 12 including in downsteeam flow relationship ofa high pressure compressor 14, a combustor 52, anda high pressure turbine 16. The rotor 12 is rotatably ‘supported about an engine centerline 28 by a forward bearing 20ina font frame 22 anda rear bearing (not shown disposed dvwsiream of turbine 16 in wturbine fume (ot shown), Jan. 6, 2011 [0022] Inthe exemplary embodiment illustrated herein, the ‘compressor I4sa five stage axial compressor 30 followed by the single stage censfugal compressor 18 having an anlar centrifugal eompressorimpeller32. Outlet guide vanes 40.are disposed between the five stage axial compressor 30 andthe single stage centfugal compeessor 18, Compressor dis charge pressure (CDP) at 6 exits the impeller 32 and passes. ‘through a diffuser 42 and then through a deswiel cascade 44 {nto a combustion chamber 48 within the combusioe 82 sut- rounded by a combustor casing 46 where itis conventionally mixed with el provided by a plurality of fuel nozzles 48 and ‘ignited in an angular combustion zone $0 bounded by the combustor 82. Resulting hot combustion gases 84 flow throug the turbine 16 causing rotation ofthe high pressure ‘or 12 and coatiave dowasteun for further work extraction jn low pressure turbine (not shown) and final exhaust as is conventionally known, In the exemplary embodiment depicted herein, the high pressure turbine 16 includes, in

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