Trench Warfare

in WWI

Long Term Causes of WWI

Nationalism
Militarism
Imperialism
Alliance

System

Short-Term Cause of WWI

June

28th, 1914
Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

The Two Sides

Triple Alliance

Triple Entente

Germany
Austria-Hungary
Italy
Central Powers

England
France
Russia
Allied Powers

Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire

England, France,
Russia, United
States, Italy,
Serbia, Belgium

Rules of War
What are they?

Who Declared War on Who?

Austria-Hungary Declares War on Serbia

Russia Declares War on Austria Hungary
Germany Declares War on Russia
Germany Declares War on France
England Declares War on Germany and
Austria Hungary

The Western Front

Fighting

began
when Germany
passed through
Belgium into
France.

The Western Front

Germanys Plan
was to quickly
capture and
secure Paris so
the Western Front
would be secure,
then it could turn
its attention East
and deal with
Russia.

The Western Front

Yet

after initial success, the French

held back the Germans at the Battle
of the Marne River (The Miracle at
the Marne)

 By

the end of 1914, not only

Europe was at war, but also all of
Europes colonies in Asia, Africa
and South America.

World War I Trench

Warfare
People

expected World War I to be

quick!
But the war lasted longer than
expected and the fighting tactics
used resulted in enormous
casualties!

The Western Front

The

war became a
stalemate-trench
warfare
Trenches were
long ditches
surrounded by
barbed wire to
protect the
troops.

A WWI Trench

Myth

Reality

The Trench System

The Trench System

Front

line;
Communication
trench;
Support
trenches;
No Mans Land;
Barbed wire;

Trench Warfare
Offensive

attacks
No Mans Land
Shell fire-Shell
Shock
Difficult
environment;
Trench Foot

Weaponry
WWI

was the first war where new

technology was used and advanced
weapons were developed.

The Machine Gun

The

machine gun
(a gun that can
be repeatedly
fired without
loading each
time) increased
the danger of
going over the
top.

A Machine Gun

Grenades
1st made of
empty bottles.
American
soldiers- many of
whom had
played baseballintroduced more
accurate ways of
throwing them.

Poison Gas
First chlorine gas,
and later mustard
gas were usedchoking soldiers
and burning their
skin.
The Gas mask
developed to
counter this.

Airplanes
Airplanes

are 1st
used in World
War I- are used
in trench warfare
to scout the
position of
enemy lines.

Zeppelins
It

is later in the
war when
machine guns
are mounted to
planes and
zeppelins- giant
blimps- are used
to drop bombs
on the enemy.

The U-boat (Submarine)

Germanys secret weapon during the

war
Sank dozens of British ships,
controlled the oceans.

Tanks

Think
The use of trenches eventually turned
the war into a War of Attrition.
What does this mean? What are the
effects of trench warfare? On
soldiers? On countries? On the war
itself?