BIOFUEL SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI MASA DEPAN

Seminar Geothermal dan Biofuel sebagai

Sumber Energi Masa Depan, Terbarukan, dan
Ramah Lingkungan
IMAM PARYANTO
Balai Rekayasa Disain dan Sistem Teknologi
(Engineering Center BPPT)
Alamat :
BRDST Gedung 480 Kawasam PUSPIPTEK Serpong
BPPT Gedung 1 Lantai 6, JL. M.H. Thamrin No 8
Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
Telp. : 62-21-3915536/37, Fax. : 62-21-3915535
Email address: imamp@webmail.bppt.go.id

1. PENDAHULUAN

Problem BBM dan Lingkungan

POTENSI ENERGI NASIONAL (2004)

ENERGI FOSIL

963% kebutuhan energy tergantung dari minyak bumi

9Cadangan energi fosil terbatas
SKEM A M ODEL PENGUSAHAAN PANAS BUM I
940% konsumsi
minyak diesel dipenuhi dari impor
9Kenaikan harga minyak mentah dunia
Memiliki sumber hayati
sebagai bahan baku BBN
yang berlimpah

Data-data
Litbang

Kebijakan
Pemerintah yang
Mendukung

9Pencemaran udara telah mencapai tingkat yang

mengkhawatirkan
9Adanya standar emisi internasional (Euro)

Modifikasi mesin
Memperbaiki kualitas bahan bakar

Memproduksi Biofuel dari sumber

minyak hayati merupakan salah
satu solusi permasalahan di atas
dari sisi Supply, Perbaikan
kualitas udara dan penciptaan
ekonomi kerakyatan

SUMBER

(PROVEN + POSSIBLE)

PRODUKSI
(per tahun)

RASIO CAD/PROD
(TAHUN)
(tanpa ekslorasi)

CADANGAN

OIL

86,9 billion barel

9 billion barel

500 million barel

18

Gas

384.7 TSCF

188 TSCF

3.0 TSCF

62

COAL

57 billion ton

19,3 billion ton

130 billion ton

147

SUMBER

SETARA

PEMANFAATAN

KAPASITAS
TERPASANG

Hydro Power

845,00 juta BOE

75,67 GW

6.851,00 GWh

4.200,00 MW

Geothermal

219,00 juta BOE

27,00 GW

2.593,50 GWh

800,00 MW

458,75 MW

458,75 MW

84,00 MW

49,81 GW

302,40 MW

ENERGI NON-FOSIL

Mini/Micro hydro
Biomass
Solar Power

4,80 kWh/m2/hari

8,00 MW

Wind Power

9,29 GW

0,50 MW

Uranium (Nuclear)

24.112 Ton*

* Only in Kalan Kalbar area

3 GW u/ 11 tahun
Sumber : Blue Print Pengelolaan Energi Nasional, ESDM

BIOFUEL ?

KONSUMSI BAHAN BAKAR 2007

(Data Pertamina)
FUEL
I.

Subsidized Fuel
1 Gasoline (premium)
2 Kerosene
3 HSD (ADO)

II. Non-subsidized Fuel

1 Gasoline (Premium)
2 Kerosene
3 ADO
4 MDF (IDO)
5 MFO
6 Avgas
7 Avtur

VOLUME
Kilo Liter
38,665,397
17,929,843
9,851,814
10,883,740
23,640,400
249,448
46,674
14,649,151
269,466
5,136,408
2,163
2,520,040

8 Gasoline RON 91

482,240

9 Gasoline RON 95

158,070

10 ADO CN 51
TOTAL

Estimasi Kebutuhan Biodiesel 2009

(Permen ESDM 32/2008)

126,740
62,305,797

Source: APROBI, 2008

Biofuel = bahan bakar nabati

Merupakan bahan bakar alternatif
bagi bahan bakar fossil, yang
diproduksi dari bahan baku yang
bersumber dari tanaman
Merupakan bahan bakar yang ramah
lingkungan dan terbarukan
Yaitu :
biodiesel (alternatif untuk minyak
diesel/solar),
biethanol (alternatif untuk
premium/bensin),
bio-oil atau pure plant oil - PPO (alternatif
minyak bakar)

National Energy MIX

BIOFUEL FOR FUEL SUBSTITUTION (2010)

Targeted Energy MIX 2025#

FUEL
TRANSPORTATION
(31,7 Million kL)

Biofuel
5%

ELECTRICITY (7,6
Million kL)

Coal
33%

KEROSENE
(10 Million kL)

Nuclear

Energy MIX 2003

3,8 Million kL
PREMIUM
(18,529Million kL)

ADO/SOLAR
(12,4 Million kL)

1,85 Million kL

BIOETANOL

1,24 Million kL

BIODIESEL

4,8 Million kL

Gas
26.5%

MOLASSES
600 Million tons

PALM OIL
30,2 Million tons

Coal
14.1%

BIO OIL

JATROPHA OIL
3,84 MIllion tons

Geo
thermal
1.4%

Gas
30%

Biomass
Hydro
Solar
Wind
Liq. Coal

Oil
20%

Others
0.2%
Oil
54.4%

RAW
MATERIAL
CASSAVA
11 Million tons

Others
7%

Hydro
3.4%

1 Million kL

Geo
thermal
5%

#Peraturan

Presiden No. 5/2006

Biofuel will have

minimum 5% share of
total National Energy
MIX 2025

KEBIJAKAN TENTANG BIOFUEL

25 Januari 2006, Peraturan Pemerintah (No.5 / 2006) tentang Kebijakan Energi

Nasional (No. 5/ 2006)

25 Januari 2006, Instruksi Presiden (No.1 /2006) tentang Penyediaan dan

Pemanfaatan Biofuel sebagai Bahan Bakar Lain

22 Februari 2006, Keputusan Kepala BSN (No. 73/KEP/BSN/2/2006) tentang

Penetapan SNI Biodiesel SNI 04-7182-2006

17 Maret 2006, Peraturan Dirjen MIGAS DESDM no.3675/K/24/DJM/2006 tentang

Kualitas dan spesifikasi minyak solar tipe SOLAR 48 dan SOLAR 51
Biodiesel diijinkan dicampur dengan minyak solar s/d 10% (B10) & Biodiesel harus
memenuhi SNI 04-7182-2006

20 Mei 2006 : PERTAMINA meluncurkan BIOSOLAR (B5) di 4 SPBU di Jakarta

Penjualan BIOSOLAR dikembangkan ke SPBU lain di kota-kota besar

26 September 2008, Peraturan Menteri ESDM No. 32/2008 tentang Penyediaan,

Pemanfaatan dan Tata niaga Bahan Bakar Nabati (Biofuel) sebagai Bahan Bakar Lain

23 October 2009, Peraturan Presiden RI No. 45/2009 tentang Perubahan atas Perpres
No. 71/2005 Tentang Penyediaan dan Pendistribusian Jenis Bahan bakar minyak
tertentu

PERATURAN PRESIDEN NO.5/2006

Untuk mencapai target ENERGY MIX 2025, dalam Peraturan Presiden No. 5/2006 telah ditetapkan
serangkaian kebijakan utama dan pendukung sebagai berikut:
Kebijakan Utama, meliputi
1. Penyediaan energi melalui:
- Penjaminan ketersediaan pasokan energi dalam negeri
- Pengoptimalan produksi energi
- Pelaksanaan konservasi energi
2. Pemanfaatan energi melalui:
- Efisiensi pemanfaatan energi
- Diversifikasi energi
3. Penetapan kebijakan harga energi ke arah harga keekonomian, dengan tetap mempertimbangkan
kemampuan usaha kecil dan bantuan bagi masyarakat tidak mampu dalam jangka waktu tertentu.
4. Pelestarian lingkungan dengan menerapkan prinsip pembangunan berkelanjutan
Kebijakan Pendukung meliputi:
1.Pengembangan infrastruktur energi termasuk peningkatan akses konsumen terhadap energi
2.Kemitraan pemerintah dan dunia usaha
3.Pemberdayaan masyarakat
4.Pengembangan penelitian dan pengembangan serta pendidikan dan pelatihan
Selain itu pemerintah juga dapat memberikan kemudahan dan insentif kepada pelaksana konservasi energi dan
pengembang sumber energi alternatif tertentu.
Dengan demikian, Perpres No. 5/2006 menjadi dasar pola pengembangan energi nasional untuk mengamankan pasokan
energi dalam negeri

INPRES NO.1 Tahun 2006 :

Percepatan Penyediaan dan Pemanfaatan Bahan Bakar

FASE MANDATORY PEMANFAATAN BIODIESEL

Peraturan Menteri ESDM No. 32/2008

Nabati (Biofuel) Sebagai Bahan Bakar Lain

October Desember
2008

January
2009

January
2010

January
2015**

January
2020**

January
2025**

1%
(existing)

1%

2,5 %

5%

10 %

20 %

Transportation
Non PSO

1%

3%

7%

10 %

20 %

Industry
and
commercial

2,5 %

2,5 %

5%

10 %

15 %

20 %

* From total
demand

0,1 %

0,25 %

1%

10 %

15 %

20 %

* From total
demand

Sector

Menginstruksikan dan memberi tugas yang spesifik sesuai dengan tupoksi-nya

kepada :
1. Menko Perekonomian 2. Menteri ESDM
3. Menteri Pertanian
4.
Menteri Kehutanan
5. Menteri Perindustrian 6. Menteri Perdagangan 7.
Menteri Perhubungan 8. Meneg Ristek 9. Meneg Koperasi
10. Meneg BUMN
11. Menteri Dalam Negeri 12. Menteri Keuangan 13. Menteri LH
14. Gubernur
15. Bupati dan Walikota
Menteri Negara Riset dan Teknologi :
Mengembangkan teknologi, memberi saran aplikasi pemanfaatan teknologi
penyediaan dan pengolahan, distribusi bahan baku serta pemanfaatan bahan bakar
nabati (biofuel) sebagai Bahan Bakar Lain.

Household
Transportation
PSO

Power Plant

** Based on specification and domestic need

remark

Not regulated
* From total
demand

Peraturan Presiden RI No. 45/2009

tentang Perubahan atas Perpres No. 71/2005 Tentang Penyediaan dan Pendistribusian Jenis Bahan
bakar minyak tertentu

Jenis Bahan Bakar Minyak Tertentu yang selanjutnya disebut Jenis

BBM Tertentu adalah bahan bakar yang berasal dan/atau diolah dari
Minyak Bumi dan/atau bahan bakar yang; berasal dan/atau diolah dari
Minyak Bumi yang telah dicampurkan dengan Bahan Bakar Nabati
iBiotucl) sebagai Bahan Bakar Lain dengan jenis, standar dan mutu
(spesifikasi), harga, volume) dan konsumen tertentu.
Dalam rangka penyediaan dan pendistribusian jenis HEM Tertentu,
Badan Usaha yang mendapatkan penugasan pcnyediaaan dan
pendistribusian jenis BBM Tertentu wajib mencampurkan BBN yang
dilaksanakan sccara bertahap sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan
perundang-undangan.
Badan Usaha dalam melakukan pencampuran BBN sebagaimana
dimaksud pada ayat (1) wajib memanfaatkan dan mengutamakan
produksi BBN dalam negeri.

2. CASE : BIODIESEL

BIODIESEL ?
Bahan bakar alternatif minyak
diesel/solar yang ramah lingkungan
Digunakan untuk mesin diesel
Secara kimia merupakan methyl
ester yang terbuat dari minyak atau
lemak nabati yang direaksikan
dengan methanol
Produk yang sudah ada di pasaran :
BIOSOLAR dari Pertamina,
merupakan campuran Biodiesel 2.5
% dan Solar 97.5 % (B2.5)

Roadmap Teknologi Biodiesel (sesuai Perpres No. 5 tahun 2006)

Year
Market

2005 - 2009

2010 -2015

Pemanfaatan
Biodiesel
Sebesar 2%
Konsumsi Solar
720.000 kL

2016 - 2025

Pemanfaatan
Biodiesel
Sebesar 3%
Konsumsi Solar
1.5 juta kL

Pemanfaatan
Biodiesel
Sebesar 5%
Konsumsi Solar
4.7 juta kL

STANDARD BIODIESEL NASIONAL

Product

Biodiesel
Sawit
& Jarak Pagar

Technology

Commercial Plant
Kapasitas 30.000 s/d
100.000 Ton/tahun

R&D

Biodiesel
dari minyak
sawit,
jarak pagar
&
tumbuhan
lain

Teknologi
Blending,
(bio-)
teknologi
(ekses)
gliserin

High/superior performance
Biodiesel
(angka setan tinggi,
titik tuang rendah)

Biodiesel Sawit,
Jarak Pagar, Tumbuhan lain.
Etanol dari (ekses) gliserin

High Performance
Biodiesel Product
Commercial Plant

Commercial Plant
Kapasitas >
100.000 Ton/tahun

Test Property,
Performance
&
standarisasi

Plant
Desain
Enjiniring
Test
Property,
Performan
ce
Dan
standarisa
si

Optimasi
&
Modifikasi
Desain plant
Teknologi
Pembuatan
aditif

Sumber : ESDM, 2005

Syarat mutu biodiesel ester alkil

No Parameter
1 Massa jenis pada 40 C, kg/m3
2 Viskositas kinematik pd 40 C, mm2/s (cSt)
3 Angka setana
4 Titik nyala (mangkok tertutup), C
5 Titik kabut,C
6 Korosi lempeng tembaga (3 jam pada 50 C)
7 Residu karbon %-massa
- dalam contoh asli, atau
- dalam 10 % ampas distilasi
8 Air dan sedimen, %-vol.
9 Temperatur distilasi 90 %, C
10 Abu tersulfatkan, %-massa
11Belerang, ppm-m (mg/kg)
12 Fosfor, ppm-m (mg/kg)
13 Angka asam, mg-KOH/g
14 Gliserol bebas, %-massa
15 Gliserol total, %-massa
16 Kadar ester alkil, %-massa
17 Angka iodium %-massa (g-I2/100 g)
18 Uji Halphen

Satuan Nilai
850 890
2,3 6,0
min. 51
min. 100
maks. 18
maks. no 3

KEBIJAKAN TENTANG PENCAMPURAN BIODIESEL

SNI 04-7182-2006

maks 0,05
maks. 0,30
maks. 0,05*
maks. 360
maks.0,02
maks. 100
maks. 10
maks.0,8
maks. 0,02
maks. 0,24
min. 96,5
maks. 115
Negatif

* Catatan : dapat diuji terpisah dengan ketentuan kandungan sedimen maksimum 0.01 %-vol

PENCAMPURAN BIODIESEL KE SOLAR

Peraturan Dirjen MIGAS DESDM no.3675/K/24/DJM/2006 tentang kualitas
dan spesifikasi minyak solar tipe SOLAR 48 dan SOLAR 51
Biodiesel diijinkan dicampur dengan minyak solar s/d 10% (B10) &
Biodiesel harus memenuhi SNI 04-7182-2006

BIOSOLAR PERTAMINA
Target PERTAMINA secara bertahap mensubstitusi solar dengan biodiesel,
khususnya sektor transportasi
20 Mei 2006 : PERTAMINA meluncurkan BIOSOLAR (B5) di 4 SPBU di
Jakarta
Penjualan BIOSOLAR dikembangkan ke SPBU lain di kota-kota besar

KEUNTUNGAN BIODIESEL

BIOFUEL SELLING PROGRESS

(Source: Pertamina)

Denpasar
Bio Solar : 11 SPBU
Volume 2.100 KL / bln
Bio Pertamax : 11 SPBU
Volume 200 KL / bln

Sumber energi yang terbarukan (non fossil)

Ramah lingkungan :
Free sulfur
Emisi rendah (COx, Particulate Matter, HC)
Cetane number tinggi (BDF : > 51 , Solar = 48)
Efek pelumasan
Tidak memerlukan modifikasi mesin
Dapat menggunakan infrastruktur distribusi yang ada (pom bensin)
Dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar langsung maupun campuran (B-XX)
Tinggal tuang

Jakarta & sekitarnya

Bio Solar : 205 SPBU
Volume 4.300 KL / bln
Bio Pertamax : 20 SPBU
Volume 1.100 KL / bln

Surabaya
Bio Solar : 12 SPBU
Volume 1.600 KL / bln
Bio Pertamax : 5 SPBU
Volume 296 KL / bln

Total keseluruhan:

Malang

Bio Solar : 228 SPBU

Vol : 46.700 KL/bln

Bio Premium : 1 SPBU

Volume 310 KL / bln

Bio Premium : 1 SPBU

Vol : 310 KL / bln

Bio Pertamax : 4 SPBU

Volume 55 KL / bln

Bio Pertamax : 40 SPBU

Vol : 1.651 KL / bln

Emisi

B20

B100

Karbon monoksida
(CO)
Hidrokarbon (HC)

- 12 %

- 47 %

- 20 %

- 67 %

Partikulat (SPM)

- 12 %

- 48 %

Note : Penurunan dibandingkan emisi solar

CHALLENGES
1. Increasing variety in feedstock availability
2. Increasing efficiency in process technology
3. Improvement parameters for Biofuel quality
4. Accelerating production development
5. Broad variety in different marketing strategy
6. Challenges for further engine warranties
7. Solid legal framework in pushing the markets
8. Broadening information basis and easier access

3. BIODIESEL PLANT TECHNOLOGY SELECTION

State of the Art of Biodiesel Production

Acid Catalyst
(Esterification)

Catalytic

Alkaline Catalyst
(Transesterification)

Low Pressure
Low Temperature

Biocatalyst

Non-Catalytic

Low Pressure, High Temperature

(Bubble Column Reactor)

High Pressure, High Temperature

(Supercritical methanol)

Technology and Plant Capacity Selection,

depend on:
Plant location
Availability and characteristic of raw
material
Local fuel demand
Human resources level
Local content
Local industries capability

ABUNDANT (BIODIESEL) RAW MATERIAL

SITE SPECIFIC
Big country with more than 17.000 islands
Different type of soil Special region with special plant oil, for example :
Sumatera suitable for CPO
Nusa Tenggara suitable for Jatropha
Maluku coconut oil
Every region need Fuels
The geography makes the fuel distribution in Indonesia is highly site
specific
Security supply for every region

Name

Latin name

Oil Source

Content, %-b kr

P / NP
NP

Jarak pagar

Jatropha curcas

Inti biji

40 60

Sawit

Elais guineensis

Sabut + dg buah

45-70 + 46-54

Kapok/randu

Ceiba pentandra

Biji

24 40

NP

Kelapa

Cocos nucifera

Daging buah

60 70

Kecipir

Psophocarpus tetrag.

Biji

15 20

Kelor

Moringa oleifera

Biji

30 49

Kusambi

Sleichera trijuga

Daging biji

55 70

NP

Nimba

Azadirachta indica

Daging biji

40 50

NP

Saga utan

Adenanthera pavonina

Inti biji

14 28

Akar kepayang

Hodgsonia macrocarpa

Biji

65

Gatep pait

Samadera indica

Biji

35

NP

Kepoh

Sterculia foetida

Inti biji

45 55

NP

Ketiau

Madhuca mottleyana

Inti biji

50 57

Nyamplung

Callophyllum inophyllum

Inti biji

40 73

NP

Note : kr dry; P edible fat/oil, NP nonedible fat/oil. (Source, Soerawidjaja, 2005)

ABUNDANT (BIODIESEL) RAW MATERIAL

Name

Latin name

Oil Source

Content, %-b kr

P / NP

(CURRENTLY USED) BIODIESEL RAW MATERIAL IN INDONESIA

Randu alas

Bombax malabaricum

Biji

18 26

NP

Seminai

Madhuca utilis

Inti biji

50 57

Siur (-siur)

Xanthophyllum lanceatum

Biji

35 40

1.

Refine Bleach Deodorized Palm Olein (PFAD)/cooking oil

Used Cooking Oil

No

Oil

Tengkawang. Terindak

Isoptera borneensis

Inti biji

45 70

2.

Bidaro

Ximenia Americana

Inti biji

49 61

NP

3.

Standard CPO

Est. Quantity
(Ton/yr)

Remark

4.000.000
20.000

0.5 % cooking oil

18.000.000

Bintaro

Cerbera manghas/odollam

Biji

43 64

NP

4.

Off grade CPO (CPO pond)

108.000

0.6% CPO standard

Bulangan

Gmelina asiatica

Biji

NP

5.

Palm Fatty Acid Distilate (PFAD)

200.000

5% cooking oil

Cerakin/Kroton

Croton tiglium

Inti biji

50 60

NP

6.

Jatropha Curcas

Kampis

Hernandia peltata

Biji

NP

Kemiri cina

Aleurites trisperma

Inti biji

NP

Nagasari (gede)

Mesua ferrea

Biji

35 50

NP

Sirsak

Annona muricata

Inti biji

20 30

NP

Srikaya

Annona squamosa

Biji

15 20

NP

Note : kr dry; P edible fat/oil, NP nonedible fat/oil. (Source, Soerawidjaja, 2005)

1.875.000

1.5 million ha in 2010, 5

ton seed/ha/yr, 25%
rendement

Jatropha
Curcas L
CPO Pond
Palm

COMPARISON OF SMALL BATCH AND BIG CONTINUOUS BIODIESEL PLANT

Production Scale (MITTELBACH, 2004) :
Batch : 500 10.000 Ton/year
Continuous : 30.000 Ton/year
Parameter
Raw material flexibility

Small batch
Flexible

Large continuous
Fix

Cost investment

Low

High

Cost production

High

Low

Technology/Plant operation

Simple

Complex

I&C

Simple

Sophisticate

Manpower and product ratio

High

Low

Risk of product quality stability

high

Low

Local content

High

Low

BIODIESEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY IN INDONESIA :

CATALYTIC PROCESS (Low Pressure, Low Temperature)
using Alkaline and Acid Catalyst
Basic Consideration :
Various grade of oil as the raw materials (batch process)
Plant location distribution
Availability raw material and fuel demand site specific
Easier to be handled by operator on minimum requirement
skill
Can be constructed in small up to medium capacity (< 15
ton/day)
High domestic local content

Existing installed capacity and technology status

Institution/company

No

Location

APROBI list

Capacity (MT/yr)
2008

Technology

2009

1.588.300

2.521.000

200.000

200.000

300

1.000

Asian Agri Tbk

Dumai

Energi Alternatif Indonesia PT

Jakarta

Eterindo Wahanatama Tbk

Gresik & Cikupa

120.000

240.000

Darmex Biofuel PT.

Bekasi

150.000

150.000

Ganesha Energy Group

Medan

3.000

10.000

Indo Biofuels Energy PT.

Merak

60.000

160.000

Multikimia Intipelangi PT.

Bekasi

5.000

10.000

Musim Mas Group

Medan

50.000

350.000

Permata Hijau Group

Duri

200.000

200.000

10

Sumi Asih PT.

Bekasi & Lampung

100.000

200.000

11

Wilmar Group

Dumai

700.000

1.000.000

8.800

14.800

Institution and others

Ballestra
Local
Modification from Existing Chem. plant

Local
NextGen

Modification from Existing Chem. plant

Lurgy

12

Lemigas

Jakarta

2.500

2.500

Local

13

BPPT

Serpong

300

1.500

Local

14

ITB

Bandung

500

500

Local

15

RNI PT.

500

500

Local

16

PPKS

Medan

300

300

Local

17

Pemda Riau-BPPT

Kampar

3.000

3.000

Local

18

RAP PT.

Jakarta

500

500

Local

19

OKUT-Ristek-BPPT

South Sumatera

2.000

Local

20

Kotabaru-Ristek-BPPT

South Kalimantan

2.000

Local

21

Department of Industry

Java, Sumatera, Kalimantan, NTT

2.000

Local

Source: Data from APROBI and Timnas BBM

1.200

4. BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENT
IN BRDST BPPT

BRDST (Engineering Center) - BPPT

BPPT
Ka. BPPT

Balai Rekayasa Disain dan

Sistem Teknologi
(Engineering Center - BPPT)
Main Task and Function: To
conduct development,
services, and socialization on
engineering design and system
technology

PKT

INSPEK
TORAT
BPPT
ENGINEE
RING

TPSA

TAB

BUDAYA &
DAYA
DUKUNG
INOVASI

TEK.
INVENTRS
SDA

TEKNOLOGI
BUDAYA
PERTANIAN

TEK.
INFORMASI &
KOMUNIKASI

DIFUSI
INOVASI

TEK. PENGEM
SD LAHAN &
WILAYAH

TEK.
PENGOLAHA
N HASIL
PERTANIAN

TEK.
MATERIAL
KOMPOSIT &
POLIMER

TEK.
LINGKUNGAN

TEK. BIO
INDUSTRI

TEK. SD
ENERGI

SISTEM
INOVASI
DAERAH
AUDITEK

TEK. PENGEM
SD MINERAL

TEK.
MEDIKA &
FARMASI

Main activities :

Research on Energy Field

Process Design & Development
Design & Engineering
Promotion, Advocating, Socialization

TIEM

BALAI INKUBATOR

UPT MOD. CUACA

BALAI TEKNOLOGI
SURVEI
BALAI TEK.
LINGKUNGAN

BALAI BESAR
TEKNOLOGI PATI
BALAI BIOTEK

TEK.
KONVERSI &
KONSERVASI
ENERGI

B2TE

BRDST

TIRBR

TEK. IND.
PROSES

SEKR.
UTAMA

RO-REN
RO-SDMO

TEKNOLOGI
MANUFAKTUR
& OTOMASI
SISTEM
TRANSPORTA
SI
TEK. INDUSTRI
HANKAM

B2TKS
UPT LAGG
BPPH

BALAI TEKNOLOGI
POLIMER

BPDP

BALAI IPTEKNET

BALAI MEPPO

BALAI KERAMIK

BTMP

RO-KEU
RO-UMUM
PUSBINDIK
LAT
PUSDATIN

ORGANIZATION HISTORY

Organizational Structure

1993

P2R2B - BPIS

PRRB - BPPT

PLTGU Belawan 400 MW

PLTU Paiton II 600 MW
PLTGU Muara Tawar 400 MW
Revitalisasi Sistem Catudaya
Sentel Gambir .

Head
EC BPPT

1995

PLTN AP600 Westinghouse 600 MW

PLTN Candu Canada 800 MW

Manager
General Affair

2001 Now

EC - BPPT

PLTD Kalimantan 7 x 1MW

Biodiesel plant 8 ton/hari, Riau

Bontang NGLfor Steel structure Eng.

Revitalisasi Jaringan Listrik Jawa

timur - Bali

FEED LNG Tangguh Project Bechtel

Corp
POWER PLANT AND PROCESS
INDUSTRIES

1998
ENERGI

Manager
Cooperation and
Technical Services

Technical Group

PLTN AP1000 Westinghouse 1000

MW

Process design and mechanical equipment

Cogeneration Project Arun NGL 15

MW

Piping

PIM2 Utility and Amonia Plant

POWER PLANT, PROCESS INDUSTRY, CHEMICAL
INDUSTRY, OIL & GAS INDUSTRY AND AGROINDUSTRY

Electrical and I&C

Civil structure & architecture

R&D Lab Scale Prototype Pilot/Demo Plant commercial

R&D

Coordination

Technical services

Laboratory team

Manager
Technical development

RECENT & FUTURE ACTIVITIES

FACILITIES

Chemical Laboratory
Pilot Plant Biodiesel
Engineering Room
Workshop
Software

Plant Design System

Isogen
Pro II
X-Steel
Staad Pro
Microstation
Cesar
APV
Simplicity HMI Scada
Etc.

Biodiesel commercial plant

Integrated CPO mill and Biodiesel plant
Glycerol Plant for other product
Biomass Power Plant from Palm Oil Residue
Bio-ethanol Plant, detail engineering
Grid Operation Supporting System for small scale and remote power plant
Steam Power Plant, 2 x 7 MW Sangatta, detail engineering
Nuclear Power Plant, AP600/1000 MW, Westinghouse USA, Detail
Engineering
Biodiesel Analysis
Etc.

Refining and Processing Technology

(Engineering Center BPPT)
2002

2001

Lab scale biodiesel production

(400 L)

QUALITY PRODUCT TESTING

(Engineering Center BPPT)
2003

2001

PRODUCTION AND
PROCESS OPTIMATION

Engineering design and fabrication of 1.5 ton/day capacity

biodiesel plant (Modularised, skid mounted and movable)

2006
2006

PRODUCT
SPECIFICATION
TEST

Variation of raw material:

CPO standard (FFA < 5 %)
CPO off grade (FFA 5-20%)
Waste CPO (FFA 20-70 %)
PFAD, CFAD (FFA > 70 %)
RBDPO
RBDPS
Used Cooking Oil
Jatropha Oil

COMMERCIAL

2004

ROAD TEST

PRODUK MEET
NATIONAL
STANDARD

PERFORMANCE TEST

2005
2002

Source : Lurgi

Basic Design and Engineering of Biodiesel

Plant Cap. 30.000 ton/year

EPC of Biodiesel Pilot Plant l

Capacity of 3 ton/day

EPC of Biodiesel Pilot, Capacity of 8

ton/hari

2005

SOCIALIZATION

EC - BPPTS CURRENT BIODIESEL PROCESSING

From Laboratory works

and calculation
Product :

Methanol
Catalyst

Plant
Oil

Process Flow diagram

Mass & Heat balance
Preparation

Trans-esterification

Washing

Biodiesel from any feed stock :

Drying

Methanol
Recovery
Purification
Glycerol

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

BIODIESEL
Product

By Product

CPO standard (FFA < 5 %)

CPO off grade (FFA 5-20 %)
Waste CPO (FFA 20-70 %)
PFAD and CFAD (FFA > 70 %)
RBDPO
RBDPS
Jatropha Curcas oil (Laboratory
Scale)

BASIC DESIGN
From calculation,
simulation, design, and
engineering
From operation data (bench
or pilot scale)
Product
General Piping &
Instrumentation Diagram
Equipment Sizing
General Arrangement

DETAIL DESIGN
From calculation, simulation,
design, engineering
Product :

Piping & Instrumentation Diagram

Piping Layout
Civil & Structure
Stress Analysis
Instrumentation & Control
Electrical & Raceway

CONSTRUCTION

CONSTRUCTION

8 ton/day, 2006
1 ton/day, 2003

3 ton/day, 2006
6 ton/day, 2007

1 ton/day, 2006

10 ton/day, 2004

Current Problem
1. Biodiesel still classified as a non- subsidized fuel.
2. FAME price is tend to increase and passing the MOPS price.

Perkembangan Harga Biofuel Tahun 2006 - 2008

120

100

Harga (UScent/Ltr)

5. PROSPECT AND CHALLENGES

3. Biofuel mandatory has been issued by the government. The following

biodiesel related questions are often asked by industries:
- Price (raw material, cost production)
- Quality product guarantee
- OEM (Owner Equipment Manufacture)
guarantee
- Quick property test (B100
and BXX)
- Effect to engine safety/life,
performance and emission
- Effect to fuel consumption
- Application of biodiesel on
generator, gas turbine and
boiler
- How to handling (blending,
transportation, storage)
- Stability (oxidation)
80

FAME
MOPS HSD

60

ETHANOL

40

MOPS GASOLINE

20

MEI

JUNI

JULI

AGUST SEPTEMOKTOBNOVEMDESEM JANUAFEBRUAMARETAPRIL MEI

JUNI

2006

ETHANOL

JULI

2007

AGUST SEPTEMOKTOBNOVEMDESEM JANUA FEBRUAMARETAPRIL MEI

2008

55.26 54.96 54.70 55.01 55.30 55.43 55.42 54.84 55.24 56.82 55.94 55.42 53.65 53.98 55.18 54.24 53.84 53.42 54.73 54.73 54.73 54.73

FAME

52.57 52.06 55.07 58.57 57.16 54.70 53.91 56.96 61.63 60.40 60.87 65.18 69.32 76.07 77.59 75.11 77.19 84.98 83.53 82.91 85.79 91.20 104.31 95.28 99.88

MOPS HSD

52.94 54.01 54.26 54.27 47.70 44.76 44.02 43.87 41.56 44.41 46.25 50.47 51.34 51.51 53.93 52.20 57.05 59.80 67.93 67.21 66.48 69.94 79.39 87.00 99.76

MOPS GASOLINE

49.82 52.70 44.39 39.07 38.06 37.33 40.69 46.75 51.19 54.45 51.88 52.22 47.07 50.35 54.14 59.97 60.10 61.63 64.45 67.60 72.48 80.50

waktu

CHALLENGES
How to prepare national biodiesel industry to meet the target of
National Biodiesel Roadmap
Implication: All Indonesian biodiesel stakeholders should develop a
commercial biodiesel plant that has consistent product quality, reliable
and cost effective in production

Developing alternative raw materials other than CPO (non edible,

cheaper). Ex. Jathropa Curcas has great potential to be developed
Implication: further studies are needed to evaluate its feasibility
including land availability, various aspects in the plantation, oil
extraction and financial incentives for farmers.

Developing new process and product from glycerine as a by product

6. FUTURE RESEARCH TOPICS

FUTURE RESEARCH TOPICS

Characterization of Indonesian indigenous biodiesel raw materials to meet the
standardized biodiesel product.

INTEGRATED BIODIESEL PLANT

integrated, reliable, and low in production cost and has consistent quality of product

BIOMASS
GASIFICATION

Stability test for biodiesel (methyl esters) made of Indonesian Indigenous raw
materials
High performance reactor (consistent product quality, reliable and cost effective in
production (Lower methanol loss and Lower usage of catalyst)

APR
PROCESS

Biogas Plant
BIOMASS

BIOGAS
PLANT

Glycerol processing to produce more valuable product

Material compatibility test for engine component using biodiesel blend (BXX) up to
B100

TBS
PLANTATION

METHANOL
PLANT

GLYCERINE
PURIFICATION

CPO
PALM OIL MILL

BIODIESEL
PLANT

Testing of biodiesel on industrial engine/equipment (generator, gas turbine, boiler)

Integration of Biodiesel Plant, Oil Mill, Biomass Power plant, Methanol plant

Biomass
(boiler) Power Plant

Empty Bunch

Shell

CATALYST RECOVERY

High Quality
Biodiesel Product

Proposed Waste Management

Methane from POME
Remnant oil 792 t/y

EFB to Plantation (30%)

ROR

Biodiesel Plant
Biomass
Power plant

EFB to Biomass PP

Biodiesel Product
Electricity
Steam

EFB from others POM

Thank You.

Organic Diesel
Plant

79,000 t/y

EFB

Plantation

Palm Oil Mill

2 x 45 t/h

FFB
360,000 T/Y

28,800 t/y

CPO Production Process

Fiber

19,000 t/y

Shell

Excess Shell

23,500 /y
1,400 t/y
Onsite
(Steam & Electricity)

POME
Treatment

CPO

Sludge

Fuel

Power Plant
(Biomass
Combustion)

Gasification
Systems
Rural Electricity

Effluent discharge for land application

Source : TA DGEEU ADB, 2006

Electricity purchase from PLN Grid

Other
purposes