Soal 2
Suatu campuran etanol-air pada dengan fraksi mol etanol =0,2 pada suhu 75 oC. Dengan melihat Gambar 3,
perkirakan fasa campuran, suhu dan komposisinya apabila :
a) Dipanaskan sampai suhu 80 oC b) dipanaskan sampai memotong garis saturated liquid line c) Dipanaskan
sampai suhu 89 oC d) Dipanaskan sampai mencapai saturated vapor line e) Adakah titik azeotrop dan
komposisinya?
Gambar 3 Diagram T vs Fraksimol fasa cair (x) dan uap (y) sistem etanol-air
Soal 3
Gambar 4 berikut merupakan diagram kesetimbangan uap-cair system biner masing-masing untuk : etanolmetilbenzoat, Etanol-2-propanol, Etanol1,2 etanadiol dan Etanol-dimetil karbonat. Dari keempat diagram
kesetimbangan fasa tersebut, analisalah tingkat kemudahan dan kesulitan pemisahannya? Campuran
manakah yang relatif lebih mudah untuk dipisahkan dengan teknik destilasi? Jelaskan
Apabila peralatan wadah penguapan metanol (bubbler) berisi metanol 50 ml pada suhu 20 0C dan ke dalamnya
dialirkan gas N2 dengan laju 10 ml//menit. Tekanan uap (mmHg) metanol dapat dinyatakan sebagai
dalam rentang suhu -10 - 80 0C. Harga konstata A= 38324, B= 8,8017 dan kerapatan
log P = -
Seluruh sistem beroperasi dalam tekanan atmosfer, suhu 20 oC dan cairan metanol berada pada
kondisi kesetimbangan dengan fasa uapnya, maka
a)
Perkirakanlah fraksi volume dan laju alir uap metanol dalam ml/min dalam
diperlihatkan pada Gambr 4 yang menunjukkan diagram tekanan uap dengan fraksimol chloroform dalam %.
Berdasarkan hasil tersebut :
a) Apa yang dimaksud dengan larutan ideal
b) adakah terjadi penyimpangan dari larutan ideal dari Gambar 4 tersebut (jelaskan)
c) Pada rentang manakah hukum larutan ideal masih bisa diterima (mengapa)
Apa yang dimaksud dengan larutan ideal dan tak ideal dalam sistem larutan 2 komponen?
Pada rentang manakah hukum larutan ideal masih bisa diterima (mengapa)
Buat plot dalam diagram x-y mupun dalam diagram (x,y) vs temperatur. Adakah terjadi penyimpangan dari
larutan ideal dari Gambar tersebut (jelaskan)
Analisalah penyimpangan positif ataupun negative dari hukum Raoult
Tunjukkan di bag mana atau titik mana saja hukum Raoult dan hukum Henry bisa berlaku
Hitunglah Konstanta Henry untuk kedua larutan tersebut
Apa yang dimaksud dengan titik azeotrop Azeotrop, jelaskan. Adakah titik azeotrop dari kurva diagram yang
anda kerjakan
62.50
62.82
63.83
64.30
64.37
64.35
64.02
Vapor
0 0.0817
0.1390
0.2338
0.3162
0.3535
0.3888
0.4582
0.0500
0.1000
0.2000
0.3000
0.3500
0.4000
0.5000
Total pressure/kPa
Temperature
C
101.3
(atmospheric)
Vapor
0.0
0.091
0.190
0.288
0.401
0.501
0.579
0.0
0.177
0.312
0.412
0.505
0.578
0.631
Total pressure/
kPa
101.3 kPa
(atmospheric)
64.65
61.78
59.60
58.14
56.96
56.22
55.78
63.33
62.23
60.72
58.71
57.48
0.5299
0.6106
0.7078
0.8302
0.9075
Temperature
C
Mole fraction A in
Mixture
( A Acetone + B Water )
Ref.3
Liquid
Vapor
74.80
68.53
65.26
63.59
61.87
60.75
59.95
59.12
58.29
57.49
56.68
56.30
Temperature
C
0.050
0
0.100
0
0.150
0
0.200
0
0.300
0
0.400
0
0.500
0
0.600
0
0.700
0
0.800
0
0.900
0
0.950
0
0.6000
0.7000
0.800
0.9000
0.9500
Total pressure/kPa
0.638
1
0.730
1
0.771
6
0.791
6
0.812
4
0.826
9
0.838
7
0.853
2
0.871
2
0.895
0
0.933
5
0.962
7
Vapor
Temperature
C
101.3
(atmospheric)
55.41
55.29
55.37
55.54
55.92
56.21
Total pressure/kPa
(atmospheric)
0.687
0.756
0.840
0.895
0.954
1.000
0.707
0.760
0.829
0.880
0.946
1.000
Total pressure/
kPa
101.3 kPa
(atmospheric)
80.0
0.0
0.0
79.3
0.1364
0.1582
78.8
0.2157
0.2415
78.6
0.2573
0.2880
78.5
0.2944
0.3215
78.2
0.3634
0.3915
78.0
0.4057
0.4350
77.6
0.5269
0.5480
77.4
0.6202
0.6380
77.1
0.7223
0.7330
Temperature
C
101.3
(atmospheric)
Total pressure/
kPa
Liquid
101.36 kPa
Vapor
(atmospheric)
63.0
0.040
0.102
76.1
60.9
0.095
0.215
72.7
59.3
0.146
0.304
70.8
57.8
0.196
0.378
69.2
55.9
0.287
0.472
68.4
0.02
7
0.06
3
0.10
0
0.16
7
0.24
0.137
0.248
0.307
0.360
0.390
54.7
0.383
0.540
68.0
54.0 0
0.459
0.58
67.9
53.7
0.557
0.619
68.0
53.5
0.636
0.646
68.7
53.5
0.667
0.655
69.5
53.7
0.753
0.684
70.4
54.4
0.855
0.730
72.7
55.2
0.904
0.768
76.9
56.3
57.9
0.937
0.970
0.812
0.875
Temperature
C
95.5
89
86.7
85.3
84.1
82.7
82.3
81.5
80.7
79.8
79.7
79.3
78.74
78.41
78.15
Temperature
C
Total pressure/kPa
Vapor
0.019
0.0721
0.0966
0.1238
0.1661
0.2337
0.2608
0.3273
0.3965
0.5079
0.5198
0.5732
0.6763
0.7472
0.8943
Temperature
C
101.3 (atmospheric)
0.17
0.3891
0.4375
0.4704
0.5089
0.5445
0.558
0.5826
0.6122
0.6564
0.6599
0.6841
0.7385
0.7815
0.8943
5
0.34
1
0.45
0
0.57
8
0.68
0
0.76
6
0.82
0
0.90
5
0.98
4
Vapor
78.3
76.6
75.5
73.9
72.8
72.1
71.8
71.8
71.9
72.2
73
74.7
76
77.1
Temperature
C
76.1
0.23
0.002
78.9
83.1
0.31
0.4
0.003
0.01
0.478
0.528
0.566
0.615
0.725
0.937
Total pressure/
kPa
Liquid
101.36 kPa
Vapor
0
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.54
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.95
1
0
0.102
0.187
0.305
0.389
0.457
0.516
0.54
0.576
0.644
0.726
0.837
0.914
1
Mole fraction A
n-Hexane
+Ethanol
( A + B ) Ref. 10
Liquid
Vapor
Total pressure/
kPa
78.3
76
0
0.01
78.3
76
73.2
0.02
67.4
0.06
101.3 (atmospheric)
69.5
0.447
(atmospheric)
95.5
89
86.7
85.3
84.1
82.7
82.3
81.5
80.7
79.8
79.7
79.3
78.74
78.41
78.15
Total pressure/kPa
0.422
0
0.09
5
0.19
3
0.36
101.36 kPa
(atmospheric)
73.2
67.4
89.6
0.54
0.02
103.1
0.73
0.06
118.4
0.85
0.13
128
0.9
0.22
134.7
0.93
0.3
145
160.7
0.97
1
0.47
1
65.9
61.8
59.4
58.7
58.35
58.1
58
58.25
58.45
59.15
60.2
63.5
66.7
68.7
Temperature
C
Total pressure/kPa
Liquid
(atmospheric)
Vapor
Temperature
C
0.08
0.15
2
0.24
5
0.33
3
0.45
2
0.58
8
0.67
0.72
5
0.76
5
0.89
8
0.95
5
0.99
0.99
4
1
5
0.42
0.53
2
0.60
5
0.63
65.9
61.8
59.4
58.7
0.64
58.35
0.65
58.1
0.66
0.67
58
58.25
0.67
5
0.71
58.45
0.74
5
0.84
0.93
5
1
60.2
59.15
63.5
66.7
68.7
Total pressure/
kPa
Vapor
(atmospheric)
70.67
66.44
62.87
60.2
58.64
58.02
58.1
58.47
59.9
62.71
Temperature
C
0.026
0.05
0.088
0.164
0.333
0.549
0.699
0.782
0.898
0.973
0.267
0.371
0.457
0.526
0.559
0.595
0.633
0.665
0.76
0.907
70.67
66.44
62.87
60.2
58.64
58.02
58.1
58.47
59.9
62.71
Total pressure/kPa
Methanol +Water ( A + B )
Ref. 13
Liquid
Vapor
76.1
74.15
71.24
67.75
65.6
64.1
64
63.25
62.97
62.5
62.65
62.5
62.35
62.6
62.8
63.21
63.9
Temperature
C
0.0125
0.032
0.08
0.155
0.251
0.3465
0.402
0.4975
0.561
0.589
0.622
0.696
0.765
0.825
0.855
0.916
0.955
0.0475
0.133
0.2475
0.365
0.455
0.5205
0.556
0.597
0.638
0.656
0.667
0.7
0.742
0.789
0.807
0.86
0.929
Total
pressure/
kPa
(atmospheric)
Liquid
Vapor
(atmosp
heric)
100
96.4
93.5
91.2
89.3
87.7
84.4
81.7
78
75.3
73.1
71.2
69.3
67.5
66
65
64.5
Temperature
C
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.95
1
0
0.134
0.23
0.304
0.365
0.418
0.517
0.579
0.665
0.729
0.779
0.825
0.87
0.915
0.958
0.979
1
100
98.59
95.09
91.05
88.96
88.26
87.96
87.79
87.66
87.83
89.34
92.3
97.18
Temperature
C
0
0.003
0.0123
0.0322
0.0697
0.139
0.231
0.311
0.412
0.545
0.73
0.878
1
0.02
0.04
Total pressure/kPa
Vapor
0.6523
0.7381
Temperature
C
Liquid
100
97.57
96.2
93.66
87.84
84.28
82.84
82.52
81.52
81.45
81.19
80.77
80.73
80.58
80.52
80.46
80.55
81.32
81.85
82.39
Total pressure/kPa
0.173
0.321
0.38
0.595
0.643
0.71
0.849
1
0.173
0.321
0.38
0.595
0.643
0.71
0.342
0.477
0.516
0.629
0.657
0.691
0.783
1
0.342
0.477
0.516
0.629
0.657
0.691
(atmospheric)
0
0.0544
0.179
0.304
0.365
0.384
0.397
0.406
0.428
0.465
0.567
0.721
1
73
66.5
Vapor
57.8
55.5
55.04
53.88
53.82
53.9
54.5
56.86
57.8
55.5
55.04
53.88
53.82
53.9
Vapor
0
0.0045
0.0069
0.0127
0.0357
0.0678
0.133
0.1651
0.3204
0.3336
0.3752
0.472
0.4756
0.5197
0.5945
0.788
0.802
0.9303
0.966
1
Temperature
C
(atmospheric)
118.3
110.6
Total pressure/
kPa
(atmospheric)
0
0.0815
0.1405
0.2185
0.3692
0.4647
0.5036
0.5153
0.5456
0.5489
0.5615
0.586
0.5886
0.6033
0.633
0.7546
0.768
0.901
0.9525
1
Total pressure/
kPa
Liquid
(atmospheric
)
0
0.1881
Vapor
0
0.3063
65.58
64.94
64.32
64.27
64.23
64.16
63.94
63.7
63.54
63.53
63.57
63.64
63.87
64.29
65.07
65.39
Temperature
C
0.06
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.82
0.84
0.86
0.9
0.94
0.98
0.99
117.6
111.4
106.7
102
101
98.5
96.7
95.2
93.6
93.1
93
92.9
92.9
93.2
95.2
96.8
100
emperature
C
0.7516
0.7587
0.7625
0.7635
0.7643
0.7658
0.772
0.7831
0.8085
0.818
0.826
0.8368
0.866
0.907
0.9625
0.9805
Vapor
0
0.049
0.1
0.161
0.173
0.232
0.288
0.358
0.487
0.551
0.58
0.628
0.927
0.986
0.993
0.996
1
Total pressure/kPa
0.0275
0.0467
0.069
0.0767
0.0901
0.1031
0.1159
Temperature
C
0
0.245
0.397
0.52
0.534
0.605
0.654
0.693
0.739
0.751
0.752
0.758
0.758
0.76
0.832
0.883
1
Vapor
0.9315
0.9473
0.9563
0.9743
0.9783
0.9724
0.9839
102.3
104.6
105.9
107.1
107.6
107.6
107.6
107.1
106
104.2
102.9
101.8
100
Total pressure/kPa
(atmospheric)
0.3084
0.4498
0.5195
0.5824
0.675
0.7261
0.7951
0.8556
0.8787
0.9134
0.9578
1
0.4467
0.5973
0.658
0.7112
0.7797
0.8239
0.8671
0.9042
0.9186
0.9409
0.9708
1
(atmospheric)
278.8
247
224
219.2
210
202.5
196.5
107.8
105.2
104.3
103.5
102.8
102.1
101.5
100.8
100.8
100.5
100.2
100
Vapor
0.0405
0.155
0.218
0.321
0.409
0.411
0.464
0.522
0.632
0.74
0.829
0.9
1
Total pressure/
kPa
(atmospheric
)
0.0245
0.102
0.162
0.279
0.402
0.405
0.482
0.567
0.718
0.836
0.907
0.951
1
175.2
149.3
137.2
136.8
131.8
121.5
112.8
111.3
106.3
100
0.1756
0.3004
0.3847
0.3895
0.4358
0.5633
0.7068
0.7386
0.8442
1
0.9899
0.9964
0.9976
0.9878
0.9976
0.9984
0.9993
0.9994
0.9996
1
Refference:
1 Kojima, Kato, Sunaga, and Hashimoto, Kagaku Kogaku, 32, 337 (1968).
2 Marinichev and Susarev, Zh. Prtkl. Khtm., 38, 378 (1965).
3 Kojima, Tochigi, Seki, and Watase, Kagaku Kogaku, 32, 149 (1968).
4 International Critical Tables, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1928.
5 Nagata, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 7, 367 (1962).
6 Ellis and Clark, Chem. Age India, 12, 377 (1961).
7 Carey and Lewis, Ind. Eng. Chem., 24, 882 (1932).
8 Chu, Getty, Brennecke, and Paul, Distillation Equilibrium Data, New York, 1950.
9 Trimble and Potts, Ind. Eng. Chem., 27, 66 (1935).
10 Sinor and Weber, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 5, 243 (1960).
11 Hudson and Van Winkle, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 14, 310 (1969).
12 Murti and Van Winkle, Chem. Eng. Data Ser., 3, 72 (1958).
13 Dunlop, M.S. thesis, Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute, 1948.
14 Dobroserdov and Bagrov, Zh. Prtkl. Kthm. (Leningrad), 40, 875 (1967).
15 Smirnova, Vestn. Leningr. Univ. Fiz. Khim., 81 (1959).
16 Kojima, Ochi, and Nakazawa, Int. Chem. Eng., 9, 342 (1964).
17 Shnitko and Kogan, J. Appl. Chem., 41, 1236 (1968).
18 Brusset, Kaiser, and Hoequel, Chim. Ind., Gente Chim. 99, 207 (1968).
19 Boublik, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 25, 285 (1960).
20 Ito and Yoshida, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 8, 315 (1963).
21 Chen and Thompson, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 15, 471 (1970).