Concrete Shear Wall

ConcreteShearWall

ELEMENTS OF WALL DESIGN

PERATURAN PENDUKUNG
97 UBC AND 2002 ACI REQUIREMENTS FOR WALL DESIGN
WITH EMPHASIS ON SPECIAL CONCRETE SHEAR WALL
DAFTAR ISI
DEFINITION
WALL REINFORCEMENT REQUIREMENTS
SHEAR DESIGN
FLEXURAL AND AXIAL LOAD DESIGN
BOUNDARY ZONE DETERMINATION
SIMPLIFIED APPROACH
RIGOROUS APPROACH
BOUNDARY ZONE DETAILING

Concrete Shear Wall

DEFINITION
SHEARWALLadalah elemen structuralyangdigunakan
y g g
untuk
menahan gaya lateral/horizontal/shearforcesyg
sejajar bidang dinding :
SLENDERWALLSdiperuntukan bendingdeformationyang
dominantkarena slenderwallsberperilaku
p
sbgg cantilever
action
SQUAT/SHORTWALLSdiperuntukan sheardeformationyang
d i
dominantkarena
t k
SQUAT/SHORT ll b
SQUAT/SHORTwallsberperilaku
il k sbg
b truss
t
(rangka batang)

WALL REINFORCEMENT
WALLREINFORCEMENT
MINIMUMTWOCURTAINSOFWALLREINFORCEMENTSHALLBEPROVIDEDIF
Vu>2Acv(f'c)1/2 [0.166Acv(f'c)1/2 ]
ORTHICKNESS>10INCHES[25cm]
Lw

2 LAYERS IF T> 10" OR

Vu > CONCRETE SHEAR
CAPACITY

Hw

REINF > 0.25%

OF GROSS AREA
UNLESS Vu < 1/2
CONCRETE CAPACITY

Av > Ah FOR
H /L < 2.0
Hw/Lw
20

SPACING < 18"

Concrete Shear Wall

WALL REINFORCEMENT
WALLREINFORCEMENT

WALLMINIMUMREINFORCEMENTRATIO('v or'h) 0.0025

EXCEPTIONFOR Vu<Acv(fc)1/2
[0.083Acv(fc)1/2 ]
a.MINIMUMVERTICALREINFORCEMENTRATIO
'v =0.0012FORBARSNOTLARGERTHAN#5[1 16mm]
=0.0015FOROTHERDEFORMEDBARS
0 0015 FOR OTHER DEFORMED BARS
=0.0012FORWELDEDWIREFABRICNOTLARGERTHANW31ORD31[1 16mm]
b.MINIMUMHORIZONTALREINFORCEMENTRATIO
'h =0.0020FORBARSNOTLARGERTHAN#5[1 16mm]
=0.0025FOROTHERDEFORMEDBARS
=0.0020FORWELDEDWIREFABRICNOTLARGERTHANW31ORD31[1 16mm]

Concrete Shear Wall

SHEAR DESIGN
1 Vn>Vu

A SHEAR DEMAND
A.SHEARDEMAND

FACTOREDSHEARFORCE/SHEARDEMAND
Vu=1.2V
V
1 2 VD +f1V
f1 VL + VE
=0.9VD + VE
f1=1.0FOR100PSF[500KG/M2]
LIVE LOAD AND GREATER
LIVELOADANDGREATER
f1=0.5OTHERWISE.

Concrete Shear Wall

SHEAR DESIGN
Lw

NOMINALSHEARSTRENGTH

Vn=Acv[2(fc)1/2 +'nfy]
/ +'
Acv [0 166(fc)
Acv[0.166(f
c)1/2
+ 'nfy]
FORSQUATWALLSWITHHw/Lw<2.0
Vn=Acv[ac(fc)1/2+ 'nfy]
Acv[0.083ac(fc)1/2+ 'nfy]

Hw

B. SHEAR STRENGTH

SEGMENT
1

SEGMENT
2

WHEREacVARIESLINEARLYFROM2.0FORHw/Lw=2.0TO3.0FORHw/Lw=1.5

Hw/Lw SHALL BE TAKEN AS THE LARGEST RATIO FOR ENTIRE WALL OR SEGMENT OF WALL
Hw/LwSHALLBETAKENASTHELARGESTRATIOFORENTIREWALLORSEGMENTOFWALL

Concrete Shear Wall

SHEAR DESIGN

MAXIMUM NOMINAL SHEAR STRENGTH

MAXIMUMNOMINALSHEARSTRENGTH
MAXVn=Acv[10(fc)1/2]
Acv[0.83(fc)1/2]
STRENGTHREDUCTIONFACTORFORWALLSTHATWILLFAILINSHEARINSTEADOFBENDING
1 =0.6

OTHERWISE
1 =0.85

Concrete Shear Wall

1 =0.6

FLEXURAL AND AXIAL LOAD DESIGN

FLEXURALANDAXIALLOADDESIGN
A.GENERAL

NONEEDTOAPPLYMOMENTMAGNIFICATIONDUETOSLENDERNESS
NO
NEED TO APPLY MOMENT MAGNIFICATION DUE TO SLENDERNESS
NONLINEARSTRAINREQUIREMENTFORDEEPBEAMDOESNTAPPLY

STRENGTHREDUCTIONFACTORS0.70
EXCEPTIONFORWALLSWITHLOWCOMPRESSIVELOAD
1 =0.70
FOR
g
1Pb
1Pn=0.1fcAgOR
TO
1 =0.90
FOR
1P ZERO OR TENSION
1Pn=ZEROORTENSION

Concrete Shear Wall

FLEXURAL AND AXIAL LOAD DESIGN

FLEXURALANDAXIALLOADDESIGN

THEEFFECTIVEFLANGEWIDTHFORI,L,C,ORTSHAPEDWALLS
a.1/2XDISTANCETOADJACENTSHEARWALLWEB
b 15 % OF TOTAL WALL HEIGHT FOR COMP FLANGE ( 25 % PER ACI)
b.15%OFTOTALWALLHEIGHTFORCOMP.FLANGE(25%PERACI)
c.30%OFTOTALWALLHEIGHTFORTENSIONFLANGE(25%PERACI)

Concrete Shear Wall

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FLEXURALANDAXIALLOAD
DESIGN

WALLSWITHHIGHAXIALLOADSHALLNOTBEUSEDASLATERALRESISTINGELEMENTSFOR
EARTHQUAKEFORCEIF
Pu>0.35Po
WHERE
Po=0.81[0.85fc'(Ag Ast)+fyAst]

Concrete Shear Wall

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B 1 BOUNDARY ZONE DETERMINATION SIMPLIFIEDAPPROACH

B.1BOUNDARYZONEDETERMINATION
SIMPLIFIED APPROACH

BOUNDARYZONEDETAILINGISNOTREQUIREDIF
PER UBC:
a.Pu<=0.10AgfcFORSYMMETRICALWALL
P < 0 05A f FOR UNSYMMETRICAL WALL
Pu<=0.05AgfcFORUNSYMMETRICALWALL

ANDEITHER

b.Mu/(VuLw)<=1.0(SHORT/SQUATWALLOR
Hw/Lw<1.0FORONESTORYWALL)
OR
c Vu <= 3 Acv (fc)
c.Vu<=3Acv(f
c)1/2 [0.25Acv(f
[0 25 Acv (fc)
c)1/2 ]
AND
Mu/(VuLw) < = 3 0
Mu/(VuLw)<=3.0
PERACI:
THEFACTOREDAXIALSTRESSONLINEARELASTICGROSSSECTION<0.2fc

Concrete Shear Wall

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B.1 BOUNDARY ZONE DETERMINATION - SIMPLIFIED APPROACH

IFREQUIRED,BOUNDARYZONESATEACHENDOFTHEWALLSHALLBEPROVIDEDALONG

0.25LwFORPu=0.35Po
0.15LwFORPu=0.15Po

WITHLINEARINTERPOLATIONFORPuBETWEEN0.15PoAND0.35Po

MINIMUMBOUNDARYZONELENGTH:0.15Lw

Lw
LBZ > 0
0.15
15 Lw

Concrete Shear Wall

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B.2BOUNDARYZONEDETERMINATION RIGOROUSAPPROACH

BOUNDARYZONEDETAILINGISNOTREQUIREDIFMAX.COMPRESSIVESTRAINATWALL
EDGES:
Nmax<0.003

THEDISPLACEMENTANDTHESTRAINSHALLBEBASEDONCRACKEDSECTIONPROPERTIES,
UNREDUCEDEARTHQUAKEGROUNDMOTIONANDNONLINEARBEHAVIOROFTHEBUILDING.
BOUNDARYZONEDETAILSHALLBEPROVIDEDOVERTHEPORTIONOFWALLWITHCOMPRESSIVE
STRAIN>0.003.

TENSION

COMPRESSION

1 t

u 1t
= C'u

C'u
0.003

LENGTH OF
BOUNDARY
MEMBER

Lw

Concrete Shear Wall

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B.2 BOUNDARY ZONE DETERMINATION RIGOROUS APPROACH

THE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE COMPRESSIVE STRAIN
Nmax = 0.015
PER ACI, BOUNDARY ZONE DETAILING IS NOT
REQUIRED
Q
IF THE LENGTH OF COMP. BLOCK

C< Lw/[600*(u/Hw)]
(u/Hw) SHALL NOT BE TAKEN < 0.007
IF REQUIRED, THE BOUNDARY ZONE LENGTH
SHALL BE TAKEN AS
Lbz > C - 0.1 Lw
AND
> C/2

Concrete Shear Wall

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C.APPROXIMATECOMPRESSIVESTRAINFOR
C
APPROXIMATE COMPRESSIVE STRAIN FOR
PRISMATICWALLSYIELDINGATTHEBASE

DETERMINEe:ELASTICDESIGNDISPLACEMENTATTHETOPOFWALLDUETOCODESEISMICFORCES
BASEDONGROSSSECTIONPROPERTIES

Concrete Shear Wall

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C. APPROXIMATE COMPRESSIVE STRAIN

CALCULATEYIELDDEFLECTIONATTHETOPOFWALLCORRESPONDINGTOACOMPRESSIVESTRAINOF
0.003
y = (Mn'/Me)e
y=(Mn
/Me)e
MeISMOMENTDUETOCODESEISMICFORCES

Concrete Shear Wall

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C. APPROXIMATE COMPRESSIVE STRAIN

Mn'ISNOMINALFLEXURALSTRENGTHAT
Pu=1.2PD +0.5PL +PE

DETERMINETOTALDEFLECTIONATTHETOPOFWALL
t=m=0.7R(2E)BASEDONGROSSSECTION
OR
t=m=0.7RS BASEDONCRACKEDSECTION
WHERERISDUCTILITYCOEFFICIENTRANGESFROM4.5TO8.5PERUBCTABLE16N.
INELASTICWALLDEFLECTION
i =t
i
t y
ROTATIONATTHEPLASTICHINGE
Qi =1i Lp=i/(Hw Lp/2)

Concrete Shear Wall

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C. APPROXIMATE COMPRESSIVE STRAIN

DETERMINETOTALCURVATUREDEMANDATTHEPLASTICHINGE
1t =1i +1y
1t =i/[Lp(Hw Lp/2)]+1y

WALLCURVATUREATYIELDORATMnCANBETAKENAS
1y =0.003/Lw
THEPLASTICHINGELENGTH
Lp=Lw/2
THECOMPRESSIVESTRAINALONGCOMPRESSIVEBLOCKINTHEWALLMAYBEASSUMEDVARY
LINEARLYOVERTHEDEPTHCu'WITHAMAXIMUMVALUEEQUALTO
Ncmax =(Cu
= (Cu'X1
X 1 t)

THECOMPRESSIVEBLOCKLENGTHCuCANBEDETERMINEDUSINGSTRAINCOMPATIBILITYAND
REINFORCEDCONCRETESECTIONANALYSIS.

Concrete Shear Wall

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D BOUNDARY ZONE DETAILS

D.BOUNDARYZONEDETAILS
DIMENSIONALREQUIREMENTS

EXTEND 12" INTO WEB

FOR I,L,C,T WALLS

2ND FL
>lu/16
Vert. Bar

BZ

Ld of

Boun
nd. Reinf.

Vertic
cal Extent of

GROUND Fl

HB
> Lw
BZ

Lu
L

1ST FL

Vu
> Mu/4V

Ec =0.003

LBZ >18" (46cm)

L
Lw
+

FORL,C,I,ORTSHAPEDWALL,THEBOUNDARYZONESHALLINCLUDETHEEFFECTIVEFLANGEAND
SHALLEXTENDATLEAST12INCHES[30CM] INTOTHEWEB

Concrete Shear Wall

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D. BOUNDARY ZONE DETAILS

CONFINEMENTREINFORCEMENT
LBZ
h c for longitudinal direction
Consecutive crossties engaging
the same longitudinal bar shall
have their 90-deg hooks on
opposite sides of column

Notes:

y
x

x / hx

TBZ

hc for tran
ns. dir.

6 db
extension

Alternate Vertical
Bars Shall Be
Confined 6 db (> 3 in )
(>75 mm)

Minimum Hoops/Ties Area : Ash = 0.09 s hc fc'/fyh

with vertical spacing Sv < 6"(15 cm) or 6xDIA of
vertical bars

As > 0.005 LBZ TBZ with

minimum
4 -# 5(DIA 16 mm)

Concrete Shear Wall

1. Per UBC:
'x' or 'y' < 12 inches (30 cm)
Per - ACI
' hx' < 14 inches (35 cm)
2. Hoop dimensional ratio
(3x/2y) or (2y/3x) <3
3. Adjacent hoops shall be
overlapping
4. Per ACI:
Sv < Tbz / 4
Sv < 4 +[(14-hx)/3]
in inches
< 10 + [(35-hx)/3]
in cm

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D. BOUNDARY
OU
ZONE
O
DETAILS
S
REINFORCEMENTINSIDEBOUNDARYZONE

+
+

NOWELDEDSPLICEWITHINTHEPLASTICHINGEREGION
MECHANICALCONNECTORSTRENGTH>160%OFBARYIELDSTRENGTH

Concrete Shear Wall

OR95%Fu

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STRAINCOMPATIBILITYANALYSISFOR
STRAIN
COMPATIBILITY ANALYSIS FOR
ESTIMATINGMn andCu
STRAINDISTRIBUTIONATN
Ncy =0.003
Nsi>Ny :Tsi=Asfy
Nsi<Ny :Tsi=AsfsWHEREfs=EsNs
TENSION

COMPRESSION

S3

S2

Concrete Shear Wall

c=0.0003

S5

S4

S6

STEEL STRAIN

S7

C'u

S1

CONCRETE
STRAIN

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STRAIN COMPATIBILITY ANALYSIS

FORCEEQUILIBRIUM

Pu+( Tsi+( Csi+Cc=0

WHEREPu=1.2D+0.5L+EANDCc=0.85fcBCu

MOMENTEQUILIBRIUM
Mn=( TsiXesi +( CsiXesi +Ccec

SOLVEFORCuTHATSATISFIESTHEABOVEEQUILIBRIUM.

TENSION

Lw

Cs
s7

0.85 f'c

Pu

TS4

TS3

TS2

TS1

B C'u
Cc

TS5

STEEL FORCES

COMPRESSION

CS6

Center
Line

CONCRETE
STRESS

INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FORCES ACTING ON WALL SECTION

Concrete Shear Wall

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SUMMARY

TWOAPPROACHESTODETERMINETHEBOUNDARYZONE
THESIMPLIFIEDAPPROACHISBASEDONTHEAXIALFORCE,BENDINGAND
SHEAR OR FACTORED AXIAL STRESSES IN THE WALL
SHEARORFACTOREDAXIALSTRESSESINTHEWALL
THERIGOROUSAPPROACHINVOLVESDISPLACEMENTANDSTRAIN
CALCULATIONS
ACI/I C QUATIONS AR SIMP R THAN U C QUATIONS
ACI/IBCEQUATIONSARESIMPLERTHANUBCEQUATIONS
COMPUTERAIDEDCALCULATIONSAREREQUIREDFORTHERIGOROUS
APPROACH
SHEARWALLDESIGNSPREADSHEET
WWW.RCWALLPRO.COM
.RCWALLPRO.COM

Concrete Shear Wall

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Concrete Shear Wall

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