CHM361

Tutorial

The Chemistry and Periodic

Trends of Elements

Subtopic 1.1
1. Define ionic radius.
2. Explain the size change when a neutral atom is converted into:
a. cation
b. anion
3. Arrange the following atoms in order of decreasing atomic radius: Na, Al, P, Cl,
Mg.
4. Use the elements in the second period to show that the sizes of atoms decrease
as we move from left to right. Explain the trend.
5. Define isoelectronic series.
6. Which neutral atom is isoelectronic with each of the following ions: Ga 3+, Zr4+,
Mn7+, I-, Pb2+.
7. List these ions in order of increasing ionic radius: N3-, Na+, F-, Mg2+, O2-.
8. Sketch an outline of the periodic table and show group and period trends in first
ionisation energies. What types of elements have highest ionisation energies and
what types the lowest ionisation energies?
9. Two atoms have the electron configurations of 1s 22s22p6 and 1s22s22p63s1. The
first ionisation energies values are 2080 kJ/mol and 496 kJ/mol. Pair the
ionisation energy with the given electron configurations and justify your choice.
10. Explain the trends in electron affinity from aluminium to chlorine.
11. Arrange the elements in each of these groups in order of increasing electron
affinity:
a. Li, Na, K
b. F, Cl, Br, I

Subtopic 1.2-1.4
1. Define electronegativity. Give the range of values for electronegativity in Pauling
scale.
2. Explain the difference between electronegativity and electron affinity.
3. What are the trends in electronegativity across a period and down a group?
4. Using the periodic table, arrange the following in the order of increasing
electronegativity:
F, O, N
a.
Na, Al, Mg
b.
C, Pb, Si
c.
5. What is a polar covalent bond?
6. Four atoms, labeled A, B, C, and D, have these electronegativity values: A = 3.8,
B = 3.3, C = 2.8, and D = 1.3. The atoms of these elements form these
compounds: AB, AC, AD, and BD. Arrange these molecules in increasing
covalent character (ie. from most polar to most nonpolar).
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CHM361
1

Tutorial

The Chemistry and Periodic

Trends of Elements

7. Classify these bonds as ionic, polar covalent or nonpolar covalent and give your
reasons:
the C-C bond in CH3CH3
a.
the K-I bond in KI
b.
the N-B bond inH3NBCl3
c.
the Cl-O bond in ClO2
d.
8. Indicate the partial charges for these bonds:
P-O
a.
C-Cl
b.
H-N
c.