Solutions

What is a Solution?
A solution is a mixture that has the same

composition, color, density, and even taste

throughout.
Solutions are homogenous mixtures.

What is in a Solution?
Solutions are made of 2 parts:
Solute: The substance that is

dissolved
(ex: sugar, salt, kool-aid)

Solvent: The substance doing

the dissolving
(ex: water)
Water is considered a universal

solvent

Dissolving Process
Remember the kinetic theory
All matter is made up of tiny particles (atoms,
molecules, etc)
Molecules are always moving
Molecules randomly collide
When we dissolve sugar in water:
Water molecules attach to OUTSIDE of

sugar molecules and break the sugar apart

Works from the outside in

Dissolving Process
The solvent (water) molecules work on the outside of the

solute (salt) to break it down.

Ways to increase dissolving

Increasing collisions between solute and

solvent will increase dissolving between

molecules.
The following all increase the rate at
which substances dissolve in a solvent.
Stirring increases
Increasing temperature
(hot can hold more than cold)
Increasing the surface area
(making smaller pieces)

Concentration
The quantity of solute dissolved in a given

quantity of solvent
Dilute = small amount of solute dissolved in solvent

Concentrated = large amount of solute dissolved in

solvent

So how much solute is there?

3 Different Type of Solution: Based on the amount of

solute compared to the solvent

Saturated Solution = Solution that has the

maximum amount (mass) of the solute dissolved in

the solvent
Unsaturated = solutions that has less than the

maximum amount of solute dissolved and is able to

dissolve more solute
Supersaturated = solution that has more than the
maximum amount of solute in it
Having too much solute means some will pile up on the bottom

of the container

Solubility Values
Each substance has a different solubility value.
The value tells us how much of a substance will dissolve in a certain volume

under a certain temperature

Raising the temperature increases the solubility value

The solute stops dissolving at equilibrium

Equilibrium = balance of solute molecules coming and going from solution
Substance

Solubility Value
(g/100mL water 20oC)

Solubility Value
(g/100mL water 30oC)

Table Salt (NaCl)

35.9 g

36.1 g

Sugar (C12H22O11)

203.9 g

211.4 g

9.6 g

11.1 g

Baking Soda (NaHCO3)

Or we can check wikipedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility_table

How Much Will Dissolve? - HONORS

How much table salt will dissolve in 250mL of water at 20degC?
35.9g Salt
X
X g salt
8975 = 100x
100mL water
250mL
=>
= 89.75 grams of Salt
How much water would you need to dissolve 150g of sugar at 20degC?
203.9g Sugar
X
150 g sugar
15000 = 203.9X
100mL water
X mL
=>
= 73.57 mL of water

AND WE CAN EVEN CHANGE THE TEMPERATURE:

How much water would you need to dissolve 150g of sugar at 30degC?
211.4 g sugar
X
150 g sugar
15000 = 211.4 X
100mL water
X mL
=>
= 70.96 mL of water