1.

Most people believe that our behavior is based on nature that came from biological
parents. Some of them believe that our behavior and personality is based on nurture. Twin
studies are one of the researches to find out how nature and nurture affect them.
Researcher found that both genetic and socialization plays a role in developing human
identity. Due to the heredity, some of the characteristics between the twins maybe the
same - habits and temperament. However, twins might be differed in beliefs, values, and
comfort. These factors are more likely to be influenced by nurture and environment. For
example, Oskar and Jack, twins that were raised in different place with different culture.
When they met in middle age, they have same favorite foods and similar habits, but
different beliefs in politics and social practice.
2. The self is our impression of self-identity that shaped by social interactions and
developed during life experiences. According to Charles Horton Cooley, we see ourselves
with the looking glass self theory that in three phases. We act different when meeting
different people such as family and friends, and even strangers. Also, we always sense
how others think of our personality whether how intelligence and brave we are. Finally,
we define our self by the assumptions of how we perceive them. George Herbert Mead
discusses the stage of the self: I is how we act our self by performing simple actions; Me
is how society develop our self from experiences. During these experiences, significant
others are the most important individuals that affect our self-development. In the
preparatory stage, kids imitate people around them and do the same actions like their
parents. When they grow older, they use symbols such as words and gesture to
communicate. In the play stage, kids like play role game to assume the perspective of
others and respond from their assumptions. In game stage, children start to recognize
interpersonal relationships and develop personality through game and role positions in a
group.
3. Dramaturgical approach is defined as studying how people act to perfume a successful
show. Front stage means that people work as a team to perform in front of the audience
with pops and sets. Backstage is the area where people prepare the props and sets to
perform the show. According to Goffman, we present our self as impression management.
We engage in face work when we behave in a proper way to the public. We recognized
that we need to perform a ideal image to get into social interactions.
4. Agents of socialization are the individuals or groups that shape our identity, such as
family, friends, peers, and religion. Schools play a huge role in shaping our identity
especially gender role socialization. Schools teach social norms and values to students
that men should be tough in masculine and tenderness in feminine. Technologies affect
how we intimate our relationships and interact others. Through social networking sites,
we get closer to family and friends but only to most like ourselves.
5. Total institution refers to an institution where similar people group together cut off from
broad community place for some time. People lives are control under authority in most
aspects. Authority conducts most of the activities and experience. They set rules without
asking people opinions. Thus, people will lose identity from total institutions, are called

degradation ceremony.
6. Since health care and nutrition is getting better, the population of elder is growing. Some
society treat older people with reverence but some treat them as useless people. Indeed,
some society developed retirement plan for them. Disengagement theory is referring to
the severed relationships between older people and society. Activity theory refers to
social active elder people in the society. Ageism is a negative term that discriminate older
people. People should be educated and know older people as a treasure.