(Function)

f f Df
f f Rf
f y = f(x) f x

1. f A B f A B f : A B
B
2. f A B f A B f : A

3. f A B f A B y Rf x Df
(x, y) f x1 x2 A f(x1) = f(x2) x1 = x2 f : A
B
1-1

4. f A B (one - to - one function from A onto B one - to - one

-1 B
correspondence) f f : A 1onto

f A
1. f (increasing function) A x1 x2 A x1 < x2 f(x1) < f(x2)
2. f (decreasing function) A x1 x2 A x1 < x2 f(x1) > f(x2)

(Polynomial function)
f(x) = anxn + an-1xn-1 + + a1x + a0 an, an-1, ..., a1, a0 n

2010 ________________________________________PAT1

(1)


1. (Linear function)
f(x) = ax + b a, b f(x) = -3x + 5
a = 0 f(x) = b (Constant function)
f(x) = 5
a = 1 b = 0 f(x) = x
(Identity function)
2. (Quadratic function)
f(x) = ax2 + bx + c a, b c a 0 f(x) = 3x2 + 1

(Composite function)
A
Df

B
f

R f , Dg g

C
Rg

gof

(gof)(x) = g(f(x)) Dgof = {xDf| f(x) Dg}

gof Rf I Dg

(Algebra of function)
(f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x) ; Df + g = Df I Dg
(f g)(x) = f(x) g(x) ; Df g = Df I Dg
(f g)(x) = f(x) g(x) ; Df g = Df I Dg
f(x)
f
g (x) =
g(x) ; Dr/g = Df I Dg - {x | g(x) = 0}

(Inverse function)
f f-1 f 1 - 1

1. (gof)-1(x) = (f-1og-1)(x)
2. f() = f-1() =

PAT1 (2) _______________________________________ 2010

 1 f(x) = x2 - 1 x (-, -1] U [0, 1]

x (-, 0]

g(x) = 2x
(PAT 152)
2) Rf Dg
3) f 1 - 1
1) Rg Df
2 f(x) = 3x - 1 g-1(x) =
1)

1- 2
3

2)

1+ 2
3

4) g 1 - 1

x2 , x 0
f-1(g(2) + g(-8)) (PAT 152)
-x2 , x < 0
1- 2
1+ 2
3) -3
4) -3

3 f(x) = 10x g(x) = 100- 3x 2 Rgof (ENT47)

4 f(x + 1) = 3x + 2 + f(x) g(3x - 1) = 2x + 8 f(0) = 1 g-1(f(2)) (ENT 44)
1) -1
2) 0
3) 1
4) 2
2
5 f(2x - 1) = x2 + 5x - 1 g x 2- 1 = 3x - 2 f-1(-5) + g-1(-2)
1) - 72
2) - 52
3) 52
4) 72

6 g-1(x) = 5 -2 x (gof)(x + 1) = 2 - 6x - 3x2 f(x - 1)

7 f(x) = 2 sin 2x g(x) =
1) {-1, 1}
2) {-2, 2}

x 2 - 1 (Rf I Dg) - Rgof (ENT 44)

4) [-2, -1] U ( 3 , 2]
3) [-2, - 3 ] U [1, 2]

1-x
, x [0, 1]

1 + x- 1 , x (1, )
. f-1(x) f(x) x (1, )
. a 0 2 f-1(a) = a
(ENT47)
1) . .
2) . .
3) . .

8 f(x) =

4) . .

2010 ________________________________________PAT1

(3)


x+1 , x0
g gof (ENT47)
x-1 , x<0
1) g(x) = 1 x (-, -1) U [1, )
2) g(x) = f-1(x) x (-, -1) U [1, )
(x - 1)2 , x 1
4) g(x) = x3 x (-, -1) U [1, )
3) g(x) =
(x + 1)2 , x < -1
2. A = {1, 2, 3, 4} B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} f A B f(1) = 2 f(2) = m m
f (ENT48)
1) 75
2) 150
3) 425
4) 500
3. f(x) = ax2 + b g(x - 1) = 6x + c a, b, c f(x) = g(x) x = 1, 2 (f + g)(1) = 8
(fog-1)(16) (ENT47)
1) 31
2 61
3) 10
4) 20
9
9
4. f(x) = x 2 x (-1, 1)
1- x

1. f(x) =

-1- 1 + 4x 2 , x 0
2x
.
0
, x=0
. f (-1, 1)
(ENT47)
1) . .
2) . .

f-1(x) =

3) . .

4) . .

5. f, g Df = [0, ) f-1(x) = x2, x 0

g-1(x) = (f(x))2 + 1, x 0
a > 0 f(a) + g(a) = 19 f-1(a) + g-1(a) (ENT46)
1) 273
2) 274
3) 513
4) 514
1
6. a > 0 f(x) = ax2 x 0, g(x) = x3 (f-1og)(4) = 2 f -1(64) (ENT46)
g (64)
7. f(x) = -(x - 1)2 x 1 g(x) = 1- x x 1
. f-1 = 1 - | x | x 1
. (g-1of-1) -41 = 34
(ENT46)
1) . .
2) . .
3) . .
4) . .
8. I f, g I I
f(x) = 2x
x x
2
g(x) =
x x
gof - f I I (ENT45)
1)
2) 3)

4)

PAT1 (4) _______________________________________ 2010


1. 4) g(x) = x3 x (-, -1) U [1, )

x+1 , x0
x-1 , x<0

f(x) =

1) g(x) = 1 gof(x) = g(f(x)) = 1

a R lim (gof)(x) = 1
x a

gof
2)
g(x) = f-1(x)
x-1 , x1

f-1(x) =
x + 1 , x < -1

gof(x) = g(f(x))
f-1(x + 1) , x 0
= f-1(f(x)) = -1
f (x - 1) , x < 0
x 0 x + 1 1 f-1(f(x)) = (x + 1) 1 = x
x < 0 x - 1 < -1 f-1(f(x)) = (x 1) + 1 = x
gof(x) = x
a R lim (gof)(x) = gof(a) = a
x a

gof
3)

g(x) =

gof(x) =
=

(x - 1)2 , x 1
(x + 1)2 , x < -1
g(f(x))
g(x + 1) , x 0
g(x - 1) , x < 0
= ((x + 1) - 1)2 = x2
= ((x - 1) + 1)2 = x2

x 0 x + 1 1 g(f(x))
x < 0 x - 1 < -1 g(f(x))
gof(x) = x2
a R lim (gof)(x) = gof(a) = a2
x a

gof
4)
g(x) = x3
g(x + 1) , x 0
=
g(x - 1) , x < 0
lim- (gof)(x) = (0 - 1)2 = -1 lim+ (gof)(x) = (0 + 1)2 = 1

gof(x) = g(f(x)) =

x0

(x + 1)3 , x 0
(x - 1)2 , x < 0

x 0

lim- (gof)(x) lim+ (gof)(x) lim (gof)(x)

x0

x 0

x 0

gof

2010 ________________________________________PAT1

(5)

2. 3) 425
A B
f(1) = 2 f(2) = m m
P f(1) = 2
Q f(2) = m m
n(P U Q)
1
f(1) = 2

f(2) = 1, 2, 3, 4 5
f(3) = 1, 2, 3, 4 5

f(4) = 1, 2, 3, 4 5

n(P) = 1 5 5 5 = 125
2
f(2) = m m

f(2) = 1, 3 5
f(1) = 1, 2, 3, 4 5
f(3) = 1, 2, 3, 4 5

f(4) = 1, 2, 3, 4 5

n(Q) = 3 5 5 5 = 375
3
f(1) = 2 f(2) = m m

f(1) = 2
f(2) = 1, 3 5
f(3) = 1, 2, 3, 4 5

f(4) = 1, 2, 3, 4 5
n(P I Q) = 1 3 5 5 = 75
n(P U Q) = n(P) + n(Q) - n(P I Q)
= 125 + 375 - 75
= 425
3. 4) 20
f(x) = ax2 + b g(x - 1) = 6x + c a, b, c
A = x - 1
x = A+1

g(A) = 6(A + 1) + c = 6A + 6 + c

g(x) = 6x + 6 + c
x = 1

f(1) = g(1)
a+b = 6+6+c
a + b - c = 12
x = 2

f(2) = g(2)
4a + b = 12 + 6 + c
4a + b - c = 18
(2) - (1) ;
3a = 6
a = 2
b - c = 10

1
5
5
5

3
5
5
5
1
3
5
5

PAT1 (6) _______________________________________ 2010

...(1)
...(2)
...(3)

(f + g)(1) = 8
f(1) + g(1) = 8
2 + b + 12 + c = 8
b + c = -6
(3) + (4) ; 2b = 4 b = 2 c = -8

f(x) = 2x2 + 2

g(x) = 6x - 2

g-1(6x - 2) = x

6x - 2 = A

x = A 6+ 2

g-1(A) = A 6+ 2

g-1(x) = x +6 2
(fog-1)(16) = f(g-1(16)) = f 166+ 2 = f(3) = 2(3)2 + 2 = 20
4. 3) . .
.
x
; x (-1, 1)

f(x) =
1- x 2
x

y =
; x (-1, 1)
1- x 2
y
x =
; y (-1, 1)
1- y 2
x(1 - y2) = y
x - xy2 - y = 0
xy2 + y - x = 0
-1 1- 4(x)(-x)
y =
2x
-1 1 + 4x 2
=
x 0
2x
-1+ 1 + 4x 2
-1
-1 < y < 1 f (x) =
x 0
2x
.
x
x (-1, 1)

f(x) =
1- x 2
2

f(x) = (1- x ) -2x(2-2x)

(1- x )
2
2
= (1- x ) 2+ 2x
(1- x )2
2
2
= (1- x ) 2+ 2x
(1- x )2
2
= 1 + x2 2
(1- x )
2
x (-1, 1) 1 + x > 0 (1 - x2)2 > 0
f(x) > 0 f (-1, 1)

2010 ________________________________________PAT1

...(4)

(7)

5. 1) 273
f-1(x) = x2, x 0 y = x2, x 0 y 0
, y 0 x 0

x = y2
x
, x0
y =
x
, x0

f(x) =
-1
2

g (x) = (f(x)) + 1 , x 0

g-1(x) = ( x )2 + 1
= x+1
, x0

y = x+1
, x 0 y 1
x = y+1
, y 0 x 1
y = x-1
, x1

g(x) = x - 1
, x1

f(a) + g(a) = 19
a > 0
a + a - 1 = 19

a + a - 20 = 0
( a + 5)( a - 4) = 0
a = -5 () a = 4 ()

a = 16
f-1(a) + g-1(a) = a2 + a + 1 = 162 + 16 + 1 = 256 + 16 + 1 = 273
6. 0.5

g(x) = x3

y = x3
x = y3
y = 3x

g-1(x) = 3 x

(f-1og)(4) = 2

f-1(g(4)) = 2
f-1(64) = 2

g(x) = x3

g-1(x3) = x

x3 = 64

x = 4
-1

g (64) = 4
f -1(64) = 2 = 1 = 0.5

4
2
g-1(64)

PAT1 (8) _______________________________________ 2010

7. 1) . .
.

f(x) = -(x - 1)2 x 1

x1 , y0
y = -(x - 1)2 ,
2
,
y1 , x0
x = -(y - 1)
2
,
y1 , x0
-x = (y - 1)
,
y1 , x0
y - 1 = -x
y1 , x0
y = -x + 1 ,
-1
y 1 y = f (x) = 1 - - x
|x| = -x x 0 f-1(x) = 1 - | x |
.
1- x
x 1

g(x) =
1- x
,
x1 , y0
y =
1- y
,
y1 , x0
x =
,
y1 , x0
x2 = 1 - y
2
,
y1 , x0
y = 1-x
-1
2
,
x0

g (x) = 1 - x

(g-1of-1) -41 = g-1 f-1 -41

= g-1 1- - -41

1
-1
= g 1- 2
= g-1 21
= 1 - 41
= 34

8. 1)

Y
4
2
5

-5
-2

f(x) = 2x

x x
2

g(x) =
x x
(gof)(x) = g(f(x))
= g(2x)
= 2x
2
= x 2x
(gof - f)(x) = (gof)(x) - f(x)
= x - 2x
= -x
y = -x
gof - f

2010 ________________________________________PAT1

(9)

2 (Distance between two points)

P1(x1, y1) P2(x2, y2)
| P1P2 | =

(x1 - x 2 ) 2 + (y1 - y 2 ) 2

y1 = y2 P1 P2 X
| P1P2 | = |x1 - x2|
x1 = x2 P1 P2 Y
| P1P2 |

= |y1 - y2|

A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C(x3, y3)

ABC = 21

= 21 [(x1y2 + x2y3 + x3y1) - (x1y2 + x3y2 + x2y1)]

2
P(x, y) P1(x1, y1) P2(x2, y2)
x +x
y +y
y = 1 2 2
x = 12 2

(Point of Division)
P(x, y) P1(x1, y1) P2(x2, y2) r1 : r2
r x +r x
r y +r y
x = 2 r21 + r11 2 y = 2 r21 + r11 2

(The Centriod of the triangle)

A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2) C(x3, y3) AD, BE CF
x +x +x
y +y +y
P(x, y) x = 1 32 3 y = 1 32 3

L P1(x1, y1) P2(x2, y2) x1

y 2 - y1
= x 2 - x1

x2

y -y
L = x11 - x 22

1. L1 L2 m1 m2 L1 L2 m1 = m2
2. L1 L2 m1 m2 L1 L2 m1m2 = -1

PAT1 (10) ______________________________________ 2010


L P1(x1, y1) m y - y1 = m(x - x1)
1. y = mx + b b y - intercept Y m

2. (First degree Equation) (Linear Equation)

(General form Equation) Ax + By + C = 0 A, B C A 0 B 0
- BA

L Ax + By + C = 0 P(x1, y1) L d
|Ax + By + C|
d = 1 2 1 2
A +B

|C - C |
d Ax + By + C1 = 0 Ax + By + C2 = 0 d = 12 2 2
A +B

(Circle)

(Center) (Radius)
1. (h, k) r (x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2

2. x2 + y2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0

D E
- ,
2 2

r =

D2 + E 2 - 4F
2

(Parabola)

(Directrix)
(Focus)
1. (h, k) () Y
2
(x - h) = 4c(y - k) (h, k + c) y = k - c c > 0 c < 0

2. (h, k) () X
2
(y - k) = 4c(x - h) (h + c, k) x = h - c c > 0 c < 0

3. |4c|

2010 _______________________________________PAT1

(11)

 (Ellipse)

(focus)
1. (h, k) X
(x- h) 2 + (y - k)2 = 1 a > b
a2
b2
() (h a, k), (h c, k), (h, k b),
2
|2a| , |2b| x - h = ac
2. (h, k) Y
(x- h) 2 + (y - k)2 = 1 a > b
b2
a2
() (h, k a), (h, k c), (h b, k),
2
|2a| , |2b| y - k = ac
3. a, b c a2 = b2 + c2
2
4. 2ba

(Hyperbola)


1. (h, k) X
(x- h) 2 - (y - k)2 = 1 () (h a, k), (h c, k),
a2
b2
(h, k b), |2a| , |2b| (asymptote) y - k
= ba (x - h)
2. (h, k) Y
(y - k)2 (x- h) 2
= 1 () (h, k a), (h, k c),
a2
b2
(h b, k), |2a| , |2b| (asymptote) y - k
= ba (x h)
3. a, b c c2 = a2 + b2
2
4. 2ba
5. (rectangular hyperbola)
(b = a)

PAT1 (12) ______________________________________ 2010

 9 y2 - 4y + 4x = 0 (a, b)
a + b (PAT 152)
1) 4
2) 5
3) 6
4) 7
10 (2, 1) x = 1 1
3
(PAT 152)
1) (0, 1)
2) (0, 2)
3) (1, 0)
4) (3, 0)
21
11 (3, 0) (2, 2 ) (PAT 152)
5 2
1) (-4, 0)
2) (0, 2 )
3) (6, 0)
4) (0, -3 2 )
2
(y - 1)2
(x
1)
12 x = y 9 + 4 = 1 A B F1 F2
AF1 + AF2 + BF1 + BF2 (ENT48)

13 y2 - 4y - 16x - 12 = 0 L
3x - 2y + 5 = 0 Y L (ENT48)
14 A C 3 C
2y2 - 12y - 3x2 + 6x + 9 = 0 A (ENT47)
2) 18
3) 20
4) 24
1) 5
15 L (2, 1) L 1 L
y = ax2 - 4x + 1 (2, 1) a (ENT47)
3
1
1) - 16
2) - 16
3) - 38
4) - 81
16 E (-3, 2) (5, 2) 12 A B
E E Y C D ABCD (ENT46)

2010 _______________________________________PAT1

(13)


1. (ENT48)
1) y = 3x + 2 3x - y - 4 = 0
2) y + 5x + 8 = 0 5y = x + 3
3) (0, 0) 3x + 4y - 10 2
4) x - 2y + 5 = 0 x - 2y - 5 = 0 2
2. F1 F2 x2 + 3y2 - 2x - 23 = 0 P(4, 5 ) cos (F1 P F2)
(ENT47)
2) - 71
3) 34
4) 35
1) - 91
2
(y - 2) 2
3. A (x -91) - 16 = 1 A
3 A (ENT47)

4. P x2 + 8y + 2x + a = 0 a < 0 y = 4 P X
A A P (ENT47)
5. C y = 1 - 8(x - 2)2 3x - 4y + 5 = 0
C C (ENT46)
2) (1, -2 2 )
3) (-1, -1)
4) (-2, 2)
1) (0, 1 + 5 )
6. H 12y2 - 4x2 + 72y + 16x + 44 = 0 F1 F2 E
H F1 F2 Y E X A B AB (ENT46)
2) 7
3) 6
4) 5
1) 8
7. L1 (-2, 0) (-1, 2) L2 L1
X L1 L2 (ENT41)
8. (0, -1) 3x2 + 4y2 - 16y + 4 = 0
(ENT42)

2) 32 , 1
3) 31, 0
4) 21, 0
1) 32 , 1

PAT1 (14) ______________________________________ 2010


1. 4) x - 2y + 5 = 0 x - 2y - 5 = 0 2
1) y = 3x + 2 3
3x - y - 4 = 0 --31 = 3

2) y + 5x + 8 -15 = -5
5y = x + 3 51
-5 51 = -1
3) (0, 0) 3x + 4y - 10 = 0
|3(0) + 4(0) - 10| = |-10| = 10 = 10 = 2
25 5
9 + 16
32 + 42
4) x - 2y + 5 = 0 x - 2y - 5 = 0
|5 - (-5)| = |10| = 10 = 10 5 = 2 5
5
1+ 4
5
1 + (-2)2
2. 1) - 91

x2 + 3y2 - 2x - 23 = 0

(x2 - 2x + 1) + 3y2 = 23 + 1
(x - 1)2 + 3y2 = 24
(x - 1)2 + y 2 = 1
8
24
c2 = a2 - b2 = 24 - 8 = 16

c = 4
F1 F2 (1 - 4, 0) (1 + 4, 0)
F1(-3, 0) F2(5, 0)
P(4, 5 )

PF1 + PF2 = 2a
PF1 + PF2 = 2 24
(4 - 5) 2 + ( 5 ) 2 = 6
PF2 =
PF1 + 6 = 2 24 = 4 6
PF1 = 3 6
F1PF2

(F1F2)2 = (PF1)2 + (PF2)2 - 2(PF1)(PF2) cos(F1 P F2)

82 = (3 6 )2 + ( 6 )2 - 2(3 6 )( 6 ) cos(F1 P F2)
64 = 54 + 6 - 36 cos(F1 P F2)
36 cos(F1 P F2) = -4
4 = -1
cos(F1 P F2) = - 36
9

2010 _______________________________________PAT1

(15)

3. 9

2
(y - 2) 2
(x -91) - 16 = 1 a2 = 9 b2 = 16
a = 3 b = 4
A A

3
A k
|k - 3| = 2a = 2(3) = 6
k - 3 = 6, -6
k = 9, -3 k k = 9
4. 0.5
x2 + 8y + 2x + a = 0

x2 + 2x + 1 = -8y - a + 1
(x + 1)2 = -8 y - 1-8 a
(x - h)2 = 4c(y - k)

4c = -8 c = -2 P -1, 1-8a

y - k = -c
y - 1-8a = -(-2) = 2
a < 0 y = 4

4 - 1-8a = 2
1- a = 2
8
1 - a = 16
a = 1 - 16 = -15
P x2 + 8y + 2x - 15 = 0 (-1, 2)
X ; y = 0 x2 + 2x - 15 = 0
(x + 5)(x - 3) = 0
X = -5, 3
P X A A (-5, 0)
A(-5, 0) (-1, 2) = -50--(-21) = --24 = 21 = 0.5

PAT1 (16) ______________________________________ 2010

5.

y = 1 - 8(x - 2)2
y - 1 = -8(x - 2)2
(x - 2)2 = - 81 (y - 1)
1 2, 31
4c = - 81 c = - 32
32
31 3x - 4y + 5 = 0
C 2, 32

31 + 5
57
3(2) - 4 32
6 - 31
+5

8
=
= 8 = 57

r =
40
2 2
9
+ 16
25
3 +4

31 2 = 57 2
(x - 2)2 + y - 32

40
2
31 = 3249
(x - 2)2 + y - 32
1600

5 = 4 + 5121 + 64 5 = 9217 + 64 5
x = 0, y = 1 + 5 4 + 1 + 32
1024
1024
32

(0, 1 + 5 ) C
2
-64 2 - 31
10177 + 64 5
9153 + 3968 2

x = 1, y = -2 2 1 + 32 = 1 +
=
1024
1024

(1, -2 2 ) C
2

3969
13185
3249
x = -1, y = -1

9 + - 63

32 = 9 + 1024 = 1024 1600

(-1, -1) C
2

1089
17473
3249

x = -2, y = 2

16 + 33
32 = 16 + 1024 = 1024 1600
(-2, 2) C
C

6. 2)

3249
1600

3249
1600

7
12y2 - 4x2 + 72y + 16x + 44 = 0

12(y2 + 6y + 9) - 4(x2 - 4x + 4) = -44 + 108 - 16

12(y + 3)2 - 4(x - 2)2 = 48
(y + 3)2 (x - 2)2
= 1
4 - 12
a2 = 4, b2 = 12 c2 = 4 + 12 = 16
a = 2, b = 12 c = 4
(2, -3) (2, 1) (2, -7)
E (2, -3) (2, 1) (2, -7)
Y a = 4
E Y b = 2
2
(y + 3)2
E 16 - (x -42) = 1
E X A B

2010 _______________________________________PAT1

(17)

9 + (x - 2)2 = 1
16
4
(x - 2)2 = 7
4
16
2
(x - 2) = 74
7
7
x-2 = 2 ,- 2
4 + 7 4- 7
x =
2 , 2

E X A 4 +2 7 , 0 B 4-2 7 , 0

AB = 4 +2 7 - 4 -2 7
=
7

y = 0

7. 0.8
L1 (-2, 0) (-1, 2)
L1 -20--(-21) = --21 = 2
y = mx + b
L1 y = 2x + b (-2, 0)

0 = 2(-2) + b
b = 4
y = 2x + 4
L1
L2 L1
L2 - 21 (0, 0)
L2 y = - 21 x + b (0, 0)

0 = - 21 (0) + b
b = 0
y = - 21 x
L2
(1) (2) 2x + 4 = - 21 x
4x + 8 = -x
5x = -8
x = - 85
= -1.6
x = -1.6 (2) y = - 21 (-1.6) = 0.8
L1 L2 (-1.6, 0.8)

PAT1 (18) ______________________________________ 2010

...(1)

...(2)

Y
6

L1

4
(-1, 2) 2
(-1.6, 0.8)
(-2, 0)
-5
-2

5
L2

-4

X L1 L2 21

8. 1)

2 0.8 = 0.8

2
3 , 1

3x2 + 4y2 - 16y + 4 = 0

3x2 + 4(y2 - 4y + 4) = -4 + 16
3x2 + 4(y - 4)2 = 12
x 2 + (y - 2) 2 = 1
4
3
X, a = 2, b = 3 c = 4 - 3 = 1
(1, 2) (-1, 2)
(0, -1) x2 = 4c(y + 1)

12 = 4c(2 + 1)
1 = 12c
1
c = 12
1 (y + 1)

x2 = 4 12

1
2
x = 3 (y + 1)
2 , y = 1 2 2 = 1 (1 + 1)
3
3
3

32 , 1

1) x =

3 , y = 1 3 2 = 1 (1 + 1)
2
3
2

32 , 1

2
1

= 31 (0 + 1)
3) x = 31 , y = 0
3
31, 0
2
1

= 31 (0 + 1)
4) x = 21 , y = 0
2
21, 0

2) x =

2
2
3 = 3

3 = 2
2
3

1
1
9 = 3

1
1
4 = 3

2010 _______________________________________PAT1

(19)

f(x) L1 x a (x < a)
L1 f a lim- f(x) = L1

x a

f(x) L2 x a (x > a)
L2 f a lim+ f(x) = L2
x a

f L L f a
lim f(x) = L
x a

f f

a f g a
1. lim f(x) = L lim- f(x) = lim+ f(x) = L
x a

x a

x a

2. lim c = c c
x a

3. lim x = a
x a

4. lim xn = an
x a

5. lim cf(x) = c lim f(x) c

x a

x a

6. lim (f(x) g(x)) = lim f(x) lim g(x)

x a

x a

x a

7. lim (f(x) g(x)) = lim f(x) lim g(x)

x a

x a

x a

lim f(x)
f(x)
a
x

g(x) 0
8. lim g(x) = lim
g(x) xlim

x a
a
x a

9. lim (f(x))n = ( lim f(x))n n = 1, 2, 3, ...

x a

10. lim

x a

x a

f(x) =

lim f(x) n = 1, 2, 3, ...

x a

11. lim (f(x))n/m = ( lim f(x))n/m n, m = 1, 2, 3, ... lim f(x) 0

x a

x a

12. f f(x) = cn
c0 0 lim f(x) = f(a)

xn + c

n-1

x a
n-1
x + ... + c

1x + c0 c0, c1, ..., cn

x a

PAT1 (20) ______________________________________ 2010

a f a f
1. f(a)
2. lim f(x)
x a

3. f(a) = lim f(x)

x a

y = f(x) R R x y f(x)

x x x + h y f(x) f(x + h)
x h y f(x + h) f(x)
y x = f(x + h)h - f(x)
y x x lim f(x + h)h - f(x)
x0

y = f(x) lim f(x + h)h - f(x)

x0
f(x
+ h) - f(x)
f x
lim
h
x 0
dy
d f(x)
f x f(x) dx () y dx

1. dc
dx = 0 c
2. dx
dx = 1
d xn = nxn-1 n
3. dx
d [f(x) g(x)] = d f(x) d g(x)
4. dx
dx
dx
d
d
5. dx cf(x) = c dx f(x) c
d [f(x) g(x)] = f(x) d g(x) + g(x) d f(x)
6. dx
dx
dx
d
d
d f(x) = g(x)dx f(x) - f(x)dx g(x) g(x) 0
7. dx
(g(x))2
g(x)
d [f(x)]n = n[f(x)]n-1 d f(x)
8. dx
dx
d
d f(x) y = f(x) (gof)(x) = g(f(x))f(x)
d
9. dx (gof(x)) = dy g(y) dx
a. (Chain rule)

s = f(t) t t + h f(t + h)h - f(t)

t t + h h 0 t t + h
t t lim f(t + h)h - f(t) s f(t)
h0

2010 _______________________________________PAT1

(21)

y = f(x)
1. P(x, y) P lim f(x + h)h - f(x) y f (x)
h0
2. P(x, y)

f(x) f(x) 2 f f(x),

d2 y d2
,
f(x)
dx 2 dx2
3, 4, ...
n 3 fn x fn x n + 1 f x
fn+1(x)

xc
xc

f s
1. f(x) < 0 x s f s
2. f(x) > 0 x s f s

1. f x = c (a, b) Df c (a, b) f(c) > f(x) x (a, b)

2. f x = c (a, b) Df c (a, b) f(c) < f(x) x (a, b)

f s c f f(c) = 0
1. f(c) > 0 f(c)
2. f(c) < 0 f(c)
f x = c f(c) > f(x) x f x c
f x = c f(c) < f(x) x f x c

1.
y
2. x y x
3. y x
dy
4. dx y y x
dy
5. dx = 0 x
6. 5 y
7. x 6 y

PAT1 (22) ______________________________________ 2010

1. F f F(x) = f(x) x f
2. f F(x) = f(x) x f
f f(x)dx f(x)dx = F(x) + c c

1. kdx = kx + c k c
n+1
2. xndx = nx + 1 + c n -1
3. kf(x)dx = kf(x)dx k
4. [f(x) + g(x)]dx = f(x)dx + g(x)dx
5. [f(x) - g(x)]dx = f(x)dx - g(x)dx

f [a, b] F [a, b] F(x) = f(x) f(x)dx = F(b) -F(a)

a

b
F(x) a F(b) - F(a)
b
b
F(x) = f(x) f(x)dx = F(x) a = F(b) - F(a)
a

f [a, b] A f x = a x = b
1. f(x) 0 x [a, b] A X
A =

b
f(x)dx
a

2. f(x) 0 x [a, b] A X
b

A = - f(x)dx
a

2010 _______________________________________PAT1

(23)

 17 f(x) = x4 - 3x2 + 7 f (PAT 152)

2) (-3, -2) U (1, 2)
3) (-1, 0) U (2, 3)
4) (-1, 0) U (1, 2)
1) (-3, -2) U (2, 3)
18
1) (3.1, 3.2)

-2

4 - x 2 (ENT48)

2) (3.2, 3.3)

3) (6.1, 6.2)

4) (6.2, 6.3)

19 f f(2) = -1, f(1) = -3 f(x) = 3 x f(0) (ENT42)

1) 5
2) 6
3) 12
4) 15
20 f(x) g(x) f(g(x)) = 1 f(g(0)) = 5 f(g(2))
g(x)
(ENT47)
1) 1
2) 3
3) 5
4) 7
21 f(x) = 21

1) 1

1 + 1 lim f(1 + h) - f(1) (PAT 152)

x x3
h0 f(4 + h) - f(4)

2) 16
3) 75
4) 51
5

1 , x0

0 , x>0
lim- (fof)(x) = 0
. lim+ (fof)(x) = 1

22 f(x) =
.

x 0

(ENT48)
1) . .

x 0

2) . .

3) . .

4) . .

23 y = f(x) (x, y) 2x - 4 f 10
y = f(x) X x = 0 x = 3 (ENT48)
1) 33
2) 36
3) 39
4) 42
24 A y = 1 - x2 X
2
B y = x4 X x = -c x = c
c A = B (PAT 152)
2) 2
3) 2 2
4) 4
1) 2

PAT1 (24) ______________________________________ 2010


1.
. f g lim+ f(x + h)h - f(x) = lim- f(x + h)h - f(x) = g(x) g(x) = f(x)
h0
> 0

h0

. f f(x)
x f(a) 0
1 a 1
y = f(x)
f (a)
(ENT48)
1) . .
2) . .
3) . .
4) . .
x - n , 2n x 2n + 1
n = 0, 1, 2, ..., 9
2. f(x) =
n + 1 , 2n + 1 x 2n + 2
20

f(x)dx (ENT47)
0

1) 105
2) 115
3) 125
4) 135
3. y = f(x) 3 x = 2 3x + y - 7 = 0
2

(1, 4) g(x) = x2f(x) g(x)dx (ENT47)

1

1) 5

2) 7

3) 8

4) 10

4. f F(x) = (f(x))3 + 15 F(1) = f(1) = 4 F(1) (ENT41)

2) 32
3) 8
4) 24
1) 21
5. y = x2 - 3x + 2 x = 0 x = 2 x (ENT41)
1) 61
2) 32
3) 56
4) 32
6. a, b, c, d f(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d f 2 x = 1 f(1) = -4
f(0) = 1 f (ENT42)
3) x = 31
4) x = 3
1) x = -3
2) x = - 31
7. f (0, 2) f(x) = 3x2 - 12x + 9 f (ENT42)
1) 2
2) 3
3) 6
4) 8
8. f(x) = x3 + cx2 - 9x c f 1 f
(ENT43)
3. (-1, 4)
4. (-, -1) U (4, )
1) (-3, 1)
2) (-, -3) U (1, )

2010 _______________________________________PAT1

(25)


1. 2) . .
.
lim+ f(x + h)h - f(x) =

h0

lim- f(x + h)h - f(x) = g(x)

h0

lim f(x + h)h - f(x) g(x)

h0
f(x) g(x)

g(x) = f(x)
.
dy
y a dx y x = a
1

y = f(x)

y = f-1(x)
y = -f-2(x)f(x)

= -f (x)2
(f(x))

x = a y -f (a)2 1
f (a)
(f(a))
2. 1) 105
x - n , 2n x 2n + 1

f(x) =
n = 0, 1, 2, ..., 9
n + 1 , 2n + 1 x 2n + 2
x
, 0x1
n = 0
f(x) =
1 , 1x2
x-1 , 2x3
n = 1
f(x) =
2 , 3x4
x-2 , 4x5
n = 2
f(x) =
3 , 5x6
M

n = 9

f(x) =

x - 9 , 18 x 19
10 , 19 x 20

PAT1 (26) ______________________________________ 2010

20
f(x)dx
0

=
=
=

1
2
3
4
6
19
20
f(x)dx + f(x)dx + f(x)dx + f(x)dx + f(x)dx + ... + f(x)dx + f(x)dx
0
1
2
3
5
18
19
1
2
3
4
5
6
19
19
x 2 + x + x2 - x + 2x + x2 - 2x + 3x + ... + x2 - 9x + 10x
2 0 1 2 2
4
2
18
5
3 2
18
1

-0
2

+ (2 - 1) + 29 - 3 - 24 - 2 + (8 - 6) + 25
- 10 - 16
- 8
2
2

+ (18 - 15) + ... + 361

- 171 - 256
- 162 + (190 - 180)
2
2

= 21 + 1 + 32 + 2 + 52 + 3 + ... + 19
2 + 10
= 105
.

3. 2) 7
y = f(x) 3 x = 2
f(2) = 0 f(2) = 3
3x + y - 7 = 0 -3 y = f(x) (1, 4)
(1, 4) y = f(x) x = 1 -3
f(1) = 4 f(1) = -3
g(x) = x2f(x) g(x) = x2f(x) + f(x)(2x)
2
g(x)dx
1

= g(x)

2
1

= [x2f(x) + f(x)(2x)]
=
=
=
=
=

2
1

[4f(2) + f(2)(4)] - [1f(1) + f(1)(2)]

[4(0) + (3)(4)] - [1(-3) + (4)(2)]
[0 + 12] - [-3 + 8]
12 - 5
7

4. 2) 32

F(x) =

(f(x))3 + 15

F(x) =

[(f(x))3 + 15]1/2
3(f(x))2 f (x) = 3(f(x))2 f (x)
2F(x)
2 (f(x))3 + 15
2 (4)
3(f(1))2
= 3(f(1))
=
2
2(4)

F(x) = 21 [(f(x))3 + 15]-1/2[3(f(x))2f(x)] =

2 f (1)
F(1) = 3(f(1))
2F(1)

F(1) =
(f(1))3 + 15
= 4
(f(1))2 + 15 = 16
(f(1))2 = 16 1 = 1
3

F(1) = 3(1)
2 = 2

2010 _______________________________________PAT1

(27)

5. 3) 56
y = x2 - 3x + 2 = (x - 1)(x - 2)

Y
4
2
1 2

y = x2 - 3x + 2 x = 0 x = 2 x
1
2
(x - 3x + 2)dx
0

=
=
=
=

x3 3x2

3 - 2 + 2x
0

1 3
3 - 2 +2
2 - 9 + 12
6
5
6

6. 2) x = - 31

f(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d

f(x) = 3ax2 + 2bx + c

f(x) = 6ax + 2b
f 2 x = 1

2 = f(1) = a + b + c + d

0 = f(2) = 3a + 2b + c
f(0) = 1
f(1) = -4
d = 1 6a + 2b = -4
d = 1 (1)
1 = a+b+c
(2) - (4) ;
2a + b = -1
4a + 2b = -2
(5) 2 ;
(3) - (5) ;
2a = -2

a = -1
b = 1 c = 1
f(x) = -x3 + x2 + x + 1, f(x) = -3x2 + 2x + 1 f(x) = -6x + 2

f(x) = -3x2 + 2x + 1 = 0

3x2 - 2x - 1 = 0
(3x + 1)(x - 1) = 0
x = 1, - 31

x = - 31

f - 31 = -6 - 31 + 2 = 4 > 0
f x = - 31

PAT1 (28) ______________________________________ 2010

...(1)
...(2)
...(3)
...(4)
...(5)
...(6)

7. 3) 6

f(x) = 3x2 - 12x + 9

f(x) = 6x - 12x
f(x) = x3 - 6x2 + 9x + c
f(x) = 3x2 - 12x + 9 = 0
x2 - 4x + 3 = 0
(x - 3)(x - 1) = 0
x = 3, 1
x = 3 f(3) = 6(3) - 12(3) = 18 - 12 = 6 > 0
f x = 3
x = 1 f(1) = 6(1) - 12(1) = 6 - 12 = -6 < 0
f x = 1
f(x) = x3 - 6x2 + 9x + c (0, 2)

f(0) = c = 2

f(x) = x3 - 6x2 + 9x + 2
f f(1) = 1 - 6 + 9 + 2
= 6
8. 1) (-3, 1)

f(x) = x3 + cx2 - 9x

f(x) = 3x2 + 2cx - 9

f(1) = 0

3 + 2c - 9 = 0
c = 3

f(x) = x3 + 3x2 - 9x

f(x) = 3x2 + 6x - 9
f f(x) < 0

3x2 + 6x - 9 < 0
x2 + 2x - 3 < 0
(x + 3)(x - 1) < 0
x (-3, 1)
f (-3, 1)

2010 _______________________________________PAT1

(29)