Slide 1:

This presentation will demonstrate how to configure IPv6 Static Routes.

Slide 2:
A static router defines an explicit path between two routers. They are not
automatically updated which means you must manually reconfigure static
routes when network changes occur. Static routes use less bandwidth than
dynamic routes. No CPU cycles are used to calculate and analyze routing
updates. Static routes should be used in an environment where network
traffic is predictable and where the network design is simple. Static routes
should not be used in a large network environment where its constantly
changing because static routes cannot react to network changes. Even
though static routes are obsolete due to the high use of dynamic routes in a
network, some companies still implement static routes for special occasions.
Static routes are also useful for specifying a gateway of last resort, which is a
default route which all un-routable packets are sent.

Slide 3:
There are four types of static routes. The following types of IPv4 and IPv6
static routes will be discussed: Standard static route, default static route, a
summary static route, and a floating static route.

Slide 4:
You must specify only the output interface (the interface on which all packets
are sent to the destination network) in a directly connected static route. The
router assumes the destination is directly attached to the output interface.
In order for Branch-1 to forward a packet to Branch-2s LANs, it has to send
the packet out of its serial 0/0/1 interface. The exit interface is also
considered the direction in which to reach these networks.

Slide 5:
Using the exit interface displays the static route as being directly connected,
hence the name directly connected static route. The L in the routing table is a
new identifier which indicates the specific address assigned to an interface,

as opposed to "C", which only displays the subnet. Notice how the localhost
route, or "L", uses a 120-bit prefix, whereas the "C" displays the actual prefix
used, which in this example is a 127.

Slide 6:
In a next-hop static route, the IPv6 address of the neighboring router is
specified. The output interface is derived from the next hop. Before any
packet is forwarded by router, the routing table process must determine the
exit interface to use to in order to forward the packet. This causes the router
to take a second look at the routing table to determine the exit interface for
the destination network. In this example, in order for Branch-1 to forward a
packet to Branch-2s LANs it must forward the packet to the next hop router
in the direction of those networks. In this example, that would be the IPv6
address of Branch-2.

Slide 7:
There is a noticeable difference in how a directly connected and a recursive
static route are displayed in the routing table. A directly connected static
route shows that it is directly connected to an interface, while the recursive
static route shows via the next hop router identified by its IPv6 address. In
this example, in order for Branch-1 to route traffic to Brnach-2s LANs, it will
send it to the 2001:DB8:A::2 address which happens to be the IPv6 address
on Branch-2. Now the router has to do a second routing table lookup to
determine how to get to the 2001:DB8:A::2 network. Based on this
information, the router will now forward the packet out of its serial 0/0/1
interface.

Slide 8:
The output interface and the next-hop address are both used in a fully specify
static route. It is used when the output interface is a multi-access interface
and needs the next-hop address to be identified. The next-hop must be
directly attached to the specified output interface. Fully specified routes are
configured with the router's next hop IPv6 address as well as the exit
interface, which again, identifies a direction to those networks.

Slide 9:

As you can see in the routing table, a fully specified static route displays both
the next hop routers IPv6 address as well as the exit interface.

Slide 10:
A default route is used when no other routes in the routing table match the
packet destination IP address. In other words, when a more specific match
does not exist. A default route is usually configured on a company's edge
router that connects to the ISPs network. The command for an IPv6 default
route is ::/0. This is the IPv6 version of the all zero address (remember the ::
is used to identify consecutive zeros) which is similar to the quad zero
address used in an IPv4 default route.

(screen)
Let's go to branch-1 and configure it with the default route. A default route
can be configured just as we configure a regular static route, as directly
connected, recursive, or as a fully specified static default route. For
demonstration purposes, we're going to configure all three types, then verify
that they exist in the routing table. When you issue the show ipv6 route
command, you will now see that there are three default routes routing to the
internet. Just so you know, you only need one of these configured on your
router.

Slide 11:
Notice how the default route is displayed in the routing table as an S
because the correct name is a static default route but notice that the *
(asterisk) is not used to identify a default route in an IPv6 routing table, as it
does in an IPv4 routing table. You'll also notice that the gateway of last resort
is no longer displayed as well.

Slide 12:
Summary routes are used to reduce the number of routing table entries.
Multiple static routes can be summarized into a single static route if: The
destination networks are contiguous and can be summarized into a single
network address, OR when multiple static routes all use the same exit
interface or next-hop IP address.

Slide 13:
Instead of configuring two static routes to reach Branch-2s LANs, we can
summarize them based on common bits in the network portion of the
address. In this example, both addresses have the first 46-bits in common. 16
bits in the first two hextets and 14 bits in the 3rd hextet for a total of 46-bits.
Notice how we can ping each LAN interface with only one static route entry in
the routing table.

(screen)
So let's go into branch-1 and configure a directly connected summary route,
with a serial interface that connects to branch-2 as an interface. Now we'll go
into the routing table, and notice how the summary route appears with a /46
prefix.
Even though there is only one route in the routing table, we can still ping both
branch interfaces on branch-2.

Slide 14:
A floating static route is a static route that the router uses to back up
dynamic route. You must configure a floating static route with a higher
administrative distance than the dynamic route that it backs up. In this
instance, the router prefers a dynamic route to a floating static route. You can
use a floating static route as a replacement if the dynamic route is lost.

Slide 15:
5 floating static routes were configured with an administrative distance of 91,
one more that the routing protocol which in this case is EIGRP, which has an
administrative distance of 90. This would make the EIGRP routes the
preferred routes to the router, that the router would use to reach those
networks. The output to the left displays the IPv6 routing table with only the
dynamic routes learned from EIGRP, identified with a D. Notice how the static
routes are missing. When the primary path, in this case s0/0/0, goes down,
the dynamic routes are removed from the routing table and the floating static
routes replace them. The Branch-1 will now route traffic to Branch-2 through
the backup path, in this case Serial 0/0/1. When the primary path comes back
up, then the reverse process will occur.

This concludes me presentation on IPv6 Static Routes. I hope this

demonstration was helpful and may your networks continue to converge.