GHGJH

{\rtf1{\fonttbl
{\f2 Arial Bold;}

{\f3 Arial Bold;}
{\f4 Arial;}
{\f5 Arial;}
{\f6 Arial;}
{\f7 Arial;}
{\f8 Arial Italic;}
{\f9 Arial;}
{\f10 Arial;}
{\f11 Times New Roman;}
{\f12 Calibri;}
{\f13 Times New Roman Bold;}
{\f14 Times New Roman Italic;}
{\f15 Symbol;}
{\f16 Times New Roman Bold Italic;}
{\f17 Times New Roman Bold;}
{\f19 Calibri;}
{\f20 Calibri;}
{\f21 Calibri;}
{\f22 Calibri;}
{\f24 Arial Bold;}
{\f25 Cambria;}
}{\colortbl;
\red49\green97\blue144;
\red0\green0\blue0;
\red0\green0\blue0;
\red0\green0\blue0;
\red0\green0\blue0;
\red0\green0\blue0;
\red0\green0\blue0;
\red0\green0\blue0;
\red0\green0\blue0;
\red0\green0\blue0;
\red0\green0\blue0;
\red0\green0\blue0;
\red0\green0\blue0;
\red0\green0\blue0;
\red0\green0\blue0;
\red0\green0\blue0;
\red0\green0\blue0;
\red0\green0\blue0;
\red0\green0\blue0;
\red0\green0\blue0;
\red0\green0\blue0;
}\viewkind1\viewscale100\margl0\margr0\margt0\margb0\deftab80\dntblnsbdb\expshrt
n\paperw12240\paperh15840{\shp
{\*\shpinst\shpleft1360\shptop11740\shpright10860\shpbottom11900\shpwr3\shpfblwt
xt0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpz283\shplid0
{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 75}}
{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}
{\sp{\sn pib}{\sv {\pict\jpegblip
ffd8ffe000104a46494600010101006000600000ffdb004300010101010101010101010101010101
01010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
010101010101010101ffdb0043010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101ffc0
001108000a025803012200021101031101ffc4001f00000105010101010101000000000000000001
02030405060708090a0bffc400b5100002010303020403050504040000017d010203000411051221
31410613516107227114328191a1082342b1c11552d1f02433627282090a161718191a2526272829
2a3435363738393a434445464748494a535455565758595a636465666768696a737475767778797a
838485868788898a92939495969798999aa2a3a4a5a6a7a8a9aab2b3b4b5b6b7b8b9bac2c3c4c5c6
c7c8c9cad2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9dae1e2e3e4e5e6e7e8e9eaf1f2f3f4f5f6f7f8f9faffc4001f010003
0101010101010101010000000000000102030405060708090a0bffc400b511000201020404030407
05040400010277000102031104052131061241510761711322328108144291a1b1c109233352f015
6272d10a162434e125f11718191a262728292a35363738393a434445464748494a53545556575859
5a636465666768696a737475767778797a82838485868788898a92939495969798999aa2a3a4a5a6
a7a8a9aab2b3b4b5b6b7b8b9bac2c3c4c5c6c7c8c9cad2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9dae2e3e4e5e6e7e8e9ea
f2f3f4f5f6f7f8f9faffda000c03010002110311003f00fefab53bbb8b0b0babcb5d2efb5ab8b788
c91695a649a6457f7ce081e4dac9ac6a3a4e9892904b037ba8da4385399836d0782ff84efc53ff00
445fe25ffe0d7e0eff00f3d8af4ba2803cd3fe13bf14ff00d117f897ff00835f83bffcf628ff0084
efc53ff445fe25ff00e0d7e0efff003d8af4ba29fc97e3fe7fd5df9597cdfe1fe5fd5df95bcd3fe1
3bf14ffd117f897ff835f83bff00cf628ff84efc53ff00445fe25ffe0d7e0eff00f3d8af4ba28f92
fc7fcffabbf2b1f37f87f97f577e56f34ff84efc53ff00445fe25ffe0d7e0eff00f3d8a3fe13bf14
ff00d117f897ff00835f83bffcf62bd2e8a3e4bf1ff3feaefcac7cdfe1fe5fd5df95bcd3fe13bf14
ff00d117f897ff00835f83bffcf628ff0084efc53ff445fe25ff00e0d7e0efff003d8af4ba28f92f
c7fcff00abbf2b1f37f87f97f577e56f34ff0084efc53ff445fe25ff00e0d7e0efff003d8a3fe13b
f14ffd117f897ff835f83bff00cf62bd2e8a3e4bf1ff003feaefcac7cdfe1fe5fd5df95bcd3fe13b
f14ffd117f897ff835f83bff00cf628ff84efc53ff00445fe25ffe0d7e0eff00f3d8af4ba28f92fc
7fcffabbf2b1f37f87f97f577e56f34ff84efc53ff00445fe25ffe0d7e0eff00f3d8a3fe13bf14ff
00d117f897ff00835f83bffcf62bd2e8a3e4bf1ff3feaefcac7cdfe1fe5fd5df95bcd3fe13bf14ff
00d117f897ff00835f83bffcf628ff0084efc53ff445fe25ff00e0d7e0efff003d8af4ba28f92fc7
fcff00abbf2b1f37f87f97f577e56f34ff0084efc53ff445fe25ff00e0d7e0efff003d8a3fe13bf1
4ffd117f897ff835f83bff00cf62bd2e8a3e4bf1ff003feaefcac7cdfe1fe5fd5df95bcd3fe13bf1
4ffd117f897ff835f83bff00cf628ff84efc53ff00445fe25ffe0d7e0eff00f3d8af4ba28f92fc7f
cffabbf2b1f37f87f97f577e56f34ff84efc53ff00445fe25ffe0d7e0eff00f3d8a3fe13bf14ff00
d117f897ff00835f83bffcf62bd2e8a3e4bf1ff3feaefcac7cdfe1fe5fd5df95bcd3fe13bf14ff00
d117f897ff00835f83bffcf628ff0084efc53ff445fe25ff00e0d7e0efff003d8af4ba28f92fc7fc
ff00abbf2b1f37f87f97f577e56f34ff0084efc53ff445fe25ff00e0d7e0efff003d8a3fe13bf14f
fd117f897ff835f83bff00cf62bd2e8a3e4bf1ff003feaefcac7cdfe1fe5fd5df95bcd3fe13bf14f
fd117f897ff835f83bff00cf628ff84efc53ff00445fe25ffe0d7e0eff00f3d8af4ba28f92fc7fcf
fabbf2b1f37f87f97f577e56f34ff84efc53ff00445fe25ffe0d7e0eff00f3d8a3fe13bf14ff00d1
17f897ff00835f83bffcf62bd2e8a3e4bf1ff3feaefcac7cdfe1fe5fd5df95bcd3fe13bf14ff00d1
17f897ff00835f83bffcf628ff0084efc53ff445fe25ff00e0d7e0efff003d8af4ba28f92fc7fcff
00abbf2b1f37f87f97f577e56f34ff0084efc53ff445fe25ff00e0d7e0efff003d8a3fe13bf14ffd
117f897ff835f83bff00cf62bd2e8a3e4bf1ff003feaefcac7cdfe1fe5fd5df95bcd3fe13bf14ffd
117f897ff835f83bff00cf628ff84efc53ff00445fe25ffe0d7e0eff00f3d8af4ba28f92fc7fcffa
bbf2b1f37f87f97f577e56f34ff84efc53ff00445fe25ffe0d7e0eff00f3d8a3fe13bf14ff00d117
f897ff00835f83bffcf62bd2e8a3e4bf1ff3feaefcac7cdfe1fe5fd5df95bcd3fe13bf14ff00d117
f897ff00835f83bffcf628ff0084efc53ff445fe25ff00e0d7e0efff003d8af4ba28f92fc7fcff00
abbf2b1f37f87f97f577e56f34ff0084efc53ff445fe25ff00e0d7e0efff003d8a3fe13bf14ffd11
7f897ff835f83bff00cf62bd2e8a3e4bf1ff003feaefcac7cdfe1fe5fd5df95bcd3fe13bf14ffd11
7f897ff835f83bff00cf628ff84efc53ff00445fe25ffe0d7e0eff00f3d8af4ba28f92fc7fcffabb
f2b1f37f87f97f577e56f34ff84efc53ff00445fe25ffe0d7e0eff00f3d8a3fe13bf14ff00d117f8
97ff00835f83bffcf62bd2e8a3e4bf1ff3feaefcac7cdfe1fe5fd5df95bcd3fe13bf14ff00d117f8
97ff00835f83bffcf628ff0084efc53ff445fe25ff00e0d7e0efff003d8af4ba28f92fc7fcff00ab
bf2b1f37f87f97f577e56f34ff0084efc53ff445fe25ff00e0d7e0efff003d8a3fe13bf14ffd117f
897ff835f83bff00cf62bd2e8a3e4bf1ff003feaefcac7cdfe1fe5fd5df95bcd3fe13bf14ffd117f
897ff835f83bff00cf628ff84efc53ff00445fe25ffe0d7e0eff00f3d8af4ba28f92fc7fcffabbf2
b1f37f87f97f577e56f34ff84efc53ff00445fe25ffe0d7e0eff00f3d8a3fe13bf14ff00d117f897
ff00835f83bffcf62bd2e8a3e4bf1ff3feaefcac7cdfe1fe5fd5df95bcd3fe13bf14ff00d117f897
ff00835f83bffcf628ff0084efc53ff445fe25ff00e0d7e0efff003d8af4ba28f92fc7fcff00abbf
2b1f37f87f97f577e56f34ff0084efc53ff445fe25ff00e0d7e0efff003d8a3fe13bf14ffd117f89
7ff835f83bff00cf62bd2e8a3e4bf1ff003feaefcac7cdfe1fe5fd5df95bcd3fe13bf14ffd117f89
7ff835f83bff00cf628ff84efc53ff00445fe25ffe0d7e0eff00f3d8af4ba28f92fc7fcffabbf2b1
f37f87f97f577e56f34ff84efc53ff00445fe25ffe0d7e0eff00f3d8a3fe13bf14ff00d117f897ff
00835f83bffcf62bd2e8a3e4bf1ff3feaefcac7cdfe1fe5fd5df95bcd3fe13bf14ff00d117f897ff
00835f83bffcf628ff0084efc53ff445fe25ff00e0d7e0efff003d8af4ba28f92fc7fcff00abbf2b
1f37f87f97f577e56f34ff0084efc53ff445fe25ff00e0d7e0efff003d8a3fe13bf14ffd117f897f
f835f83bff00cf62bd2e8a3e4bf1ff003feaefcac7cdfe1fe5fd5df95bcd3fe13bf14ffd117f897f
f835f83bff00cf628ff84efc53ff00445fe25ffe0d7e0eff00f3d8af4ba28f92fc7fcffabbf2b1f3
7f87f97f577e56f34ff84efc53ff00445fe25ffe0d7e0eff00f3d8a3fe13bf14ff00d117f897ff00
835f83bffcf62bd2e8a3e4bf1ff3feaefcac7cdfe1fe5fd5df95bcd3fe13bf14ff00d117f897ff00
835f83bffcf628ff0084efc53ff445fe25ff00e0d7e0efff003d8af4ba28f92fc7fcff00abbf2b1f
37f87f97f577e56e3742f146b7abdf7d9350f873e32f0bdbf9324bfda9aedf7c3db8b1de8576dbf9
7e19f1df88b53f3a6dc4c6dfd9df67011bcd9e2250395d9514867fffd9}}}}}
{\shp
{\*\shpinst\shpleft1360\shptop3580\shpright11220\shpbottom3740\shpwr3\shpfblwtxt
0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpz5\shplid0
ffd8ffe000104a46494600010101006000600000ffdb004300010101010101010101010101010101
01010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
010101010101010101ffdb0043010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101ffc0
001108000a026f03012200021101031101ffc4001f00000105010101010101000000000000000001
02030405060708090a0bffc400b5100002010303020403050504040000017d010203000411051221
31410613516107227114328191a1082342b1c11552d1f02433627282090a161718191a2526272829
2a3435363738393a434445464748494a535455565758595a636465666768696a737475767778797a
0101010101010101010000000000000102030405060708090a0bffc400b511000201020404030407
05040400010277000102031104052131061241510761711322328108144291a1b1c109233352f015
6272d10a162434e125f11718191a262728292a35363738393a434445464748494a53545556575859
5a636465666768696a737475767778797a82838485868788898a92939495969798999aa2a3a4a5a6
f2f3f4f5f6f7f8f9faffda000c03010002110311003f00fefab53befecdb0babff00b1df6a1f6588
cbf62d32dfed57f718207976b6fbe3f3a539c84deb9009cf15c0ff00c2cbff00a903e267fe12bffd
df5e994500799ffc2cbffa903e267fe12bff00ddf47fc2cbff00a903e267fe12bffddf5e99450079
9ffc2cbffa903e267fe12bff00ddf47fc2cbff00a903e267fe12bffddf5e994500799ffc2cbffa90
3e267fe12bff00ddf47fc2cbff00a903e267fe12bffddf5e994500799ffc2cbffa903e267fe12bff
00ddf47fc2cbff00a903e267fe12bffddf5e994500799ffc2cbffa903e267fe12bff00ddf47fc2cb
ff00a903e267fe12bffddf5e994500799ffc2cbffa903e267fe12bff00ddf47fc2cbff00a903e267
fe12bffddf5e994500799ffc2cbffa903e267fe12bff00ddf47fc2cbff00a903e267fe12bffddf5e
994500799ffc2cbffa903e267fe12bff00ddf47fc2cbff00a903e267fe12bffddf5e994500799ffc
2cbffa903e267fe12bff00ddf47fc2cbff00a903e267fe12bffddf5e994500799ffc2cbffa903e26
7fe12bff00ddf47fc2cbff00a903e267fe12bffddf5e994500799ffc2cbffa903e267fe12bff00dd
f47fc2cbff00a903e267fe12bffddf5e994500799ffc2cbffa903e267fe12bff00ddf47fc2cbff00
a903e267fe12bffddf5e994500799ffc2cbffa903e267fe12bff00ddf47fc2cbff00a903e267fe12
bffddf5e994500799ffc2cbffa903e267fe12bff00ddf47fc2cbff00a903e267fe12bffddf5e9945
00799ffc2cbffa903e267fe12bff00ddf47fc2cbff00a903e267fe12bffddf5e994500799ffc2cbf
fa903e267fe12bff00ddf47fc2cbff00a903e267fe12bffddf5e994500799ffc2cbffa903e267fe1
2bff00ddf47fc2cbff00a903e267fe12bffddf5e994500799ffc2cbffa903e267fe12bff00ddf47f
c2cbff00a903e267fe12bffddf5e994500799ffc2cbffa903e267fe12bff00ddf47fc2cbff00a903
e267fe12bffddf5e994500799ffc2cbffa903e267fe12bff00ddf47fc2cbff00a903e267fe12bffd
df5e994500799ffc2cbffa903e267fe12bff00ddf47fc2cbff00a903e267fe12bffddf5e99450079
9ffc2cbffa903e267fe12bff00ddf47fc2cbff00a903e267fe12bffddf5e994500799ffc2cbffa90
3e267fe12bff00ddf47fc2cbff00a903e267fe12bffddf5e994500799ffc2cbffa903e267fe12bff
00ddf47fc2cbff00a903e267fe12bffddf5e994500799ffc2cbffa903e267fe12bff00ddf47fc2cb
ff00a903e267fe12bffddf5e994500799ffc2cbffa903e267fe12bff00ddf47fc2cbff00a903e267
fe12bffddf5e994500799ffc2cbffa903e267fe12bff00ddf47fc2cbff00a903e267fe12bffddf5e
994500799ffc2cbffa903e267fe12bff00ddf47fc2cbff00a903e267fe12bffddf5e994500799ffc
2cbffa903e267fe12bff00ddf47fc2cbff00a903e267fe12bffddf5e994500799ffc2cbffa903e26
7fe12bff00ddf47fc2cbff00a903e267fe12bffddf5e994500799ffc2cbffa903e267fe12bff00dd
f47fc2cbff00a903e267fe12bffddf5e994500799ffc2cbffa903e267fe12bff00ddf47fc2cbff00
a903e267fe12bffddf5e994500799ffc2cbffa903e267fe12bff00ddf47fc2cbff00a903e267fe12
bffddf5e994500799ffc2cbffa903e267fe12bff00ddf47fc2cbff00a903e267fe12bffddf5e9945
00799ffc2cbffa903e267fe12bff00ddf47fc2cbff00a903e267fe12bffddf5e994500799ffc2cbf
fa903e267fe12bff00ddf47fc2cbff00a903e267fe12bffddf5e994500799ffc2cbffa903e267fe1
2bff00ddf47fc2cbff00a903e267fe12bffddf5e994500799ffc2cbffa903e267fe12bff00ddf5d2
f877c4ff00f090b5daff00c23de27d0fec82039f11693fd98b73e799462d0fda27f38c3e56671f2f
96248baefe3a7a2803ffd9}}}}}
{\shp
ffd8ffe000104a46494600010101006000600000ffdb004300010101010101010101010101010101
01010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
010101010101010101ffdb0043010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101ffc0
001108000a026f03012200021101031101ffc4001f00000105010101010101000000000000000001
02030405060708090a0bffc400b5100002010303020403050504040000017d010203000411051221
31410613516107227114328191a1082342b1c11552d1f02433627282090a161718191a2526272829
2a3435363738393a434445464748494a535455565758595a636465666768696a737475767778797a
0101010101010101010000000000000102030405060708090a0bffc400b511000201020404030407
05040400010277000102031104052131061241510761711322328108144291a1b1c109233352f015
6272d10a162434e125f11718191a262728292a35363738393a434445464748494a53545556575859
5a636465666768696a737475767778797a82838485868788898a92939495969798999aa2a3a4a5a6
f2f3f4f5f6f7f8f9faffda000c03010002110311003f00fefab53d4acb47b0bad4f519becd636511
9ae67f2e69bca8c100b7950472ccfcb0188e376e7a5703ff000b87e1cffd0c5ff948d77ff9595e99
4500799ffc2e1f873ff4317fe5235dff00e5651ff0b87e1cff00d0c5ff00948d77ff009595e99450
0799ff00c2e1f873ff004317fe5235dffe5651ff000b87e1cffd0c5ff948d77ff9595e994500799f
fc2e1f873ff4317fe5235dff00e5651ff0b87e1cff00d0c5ff00948d77ff009595e994500799ff00
c2e1f873ff004317fe5235dffe5651ff000b87e1cffd0c5ff948d77ff9595e994500799ffc2e1f87
3ff4317fe5235dff00e5651ff0b87e1cff00d0c5ff00948d77ff009595e994500799ff00c2e1f873
ff004317fe5235dffe5651ff000b87e1cffd0c5ff948d77ff9595e994500799ffc2e1f873ff4317f
e5235dff00e5651ff0b87e1cff00d0c5ff00948d77ff009595e994500799ff00c2e1f873ff004317
fe5235dffe5651ff000b87e1cffd0c5ff948d77ff9595e994500799ffc2e1f873ff4317fe5235dff
00e5651ff0b87e1cff00d0c5ff00948d77ff009595e994500799ff00c2e1f873ff004317fe5235df
fe5651ff000b87e1cffd0c5ff948d77ff9595e994500799ffc2e1f873ff4317fe5235dff00e5651f
f0b87e1cff00d0c5ff00948d77ff009595e994500799ff00c2e1f873ff004317fe5235dffe5651ff
000b87e1cffd0c5ff948d77ff9595e994500799ffc2e1f873ff4317fe5235dff00e5651ff0b87e1c
ff00d0c5ff00948d77ff009595e994500799ff00c2e1f873ff004317fe5235dffe5651ff000b87e1
cffd0c5ff948d77ff9595e994500799ffc2e1f873ff4317fe5235dff00e5651ff0b87e1cff00d0c5
ff00948d77ff009595e994500799ff00c2e1f873ff004317fe5235dffe5651ff000b87e1cffd0c5f
f948d77ff9595e994500799ffc2e1f873ff4317fe5235dff00e5651ff0b87e1cff00d0c5ff00948d
77ff009595e994500799ff00c2e1f873ff004317fe5235dffe5651ff000b87e1cffd0c5ff948d77f
f9595e994500799ffc2e1f873ff4317fe5235dff00e5651ff0b87e1cff00d0c5ff00948d77ff0095
95e994500799ff00c2e1f873ff004317fe5235dffe5651ff000b87e1cffd0c5ff948d77ff9595e99
4500799ffc2e1f873ff4317fe5235dff00e5651ff0b87e1cff00d0c5ff00948d77ff009595e99450
0799ff00c2e1f873ff004317fe5235dffe5651ff000b87e1cffd0c5ff948d77ff9595e994500799f
fc2e1f873ff4317fe5235dff00e5651ff0b87e1cff00d0c5ff00948d77ff009595e994500799ff00
c2e1f873ff004317fe5235dffe5651ff000b87e1cffd0c5ff948d77ff9595e994500799ffc2e1f87
3ff4317fe5235dff00e5651ff0b87e1cff00d0c5ff00948d77ff009595e994500799ff00c2e1f873
ff004317fe5235dffe5651ff000b87e1cffd0c5ff948d77ff9595e994500799ffc2e1f873ff4317f
e5235dff00e5651ff0b87e1cff00d0c5ff00948d77ff009595e994500799ff00c2e1f873ff004317
fe5235dffe5651ff000b87e1cffd0c5ff948d77ff9595e994500799ffc2e1f873ff4317fe5235dff
00e5651ff0b87e1cff00d0c5ff00948d77ff009595e994500799ff00c2e1f873ff004317fe5235df
fe5651ff000b87e1cffd0c5ff948d77ff9595e994500799ffc2e1f873ff4317fe5235dff00e5651f
f0b87e1cff00d0c5ff00948d77ff009595e994500799ff00c2e1f873ff004317fe5235dffe5651ff
000b87e1cffd0c5ff948d77ff9595e994500799ffc2e1f873ff4317fe5235dff00e5651ff0b87e1c
ff00d0c5ff00948d77ff009595e994500799ff00c2e1f873ff004317fe5235dffe5651ff000b87e1
cffd0c5ff948d77ff9595e994500799ffc2e1f873ff4317fe5235dff00e5651ff0b87e1cff00d0c5
ff00948d77ff009595e994500799ff00c2e1f873ff004317fe5235dffe5651ff000b87e1cffd0c5f
f948d77ff9595e994500799ffc2e1f873ff4317fe5235dff00e5651ff0b87e1cff00d0c5ff00948d
77ff009595e994500799ff00c2e1f873ff004317fe5235dffe56574be1df19786fc58d76be1fd4be
ded62206ba1f63bfb5f285c99442737b6b6c1f79825ff57bcaedf9f6ee5cf4f45007ffd9}}}}}
\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg1}{\bkmkend Pg1}\par\pard\ql \li1620\sb0\sl-299\sl
mult0 \par\pard\ql\li1620\sb0\sl-299\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1620\sb0\sl-299\slmu
lt0 \par\pard\ql\li1620\sb0\sl-299\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1620\sb0\sl-299\slmult
0 \par\pard\ql\li1620\sb0\sl-299\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1620\sb158\sl-299\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw-11\charscalex91 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs26 Trinity College \par
\pard\ql \li1620\sb21\sl-324\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex84 {\field{\*\fldi
nst {HYPERLINK "http://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu?utm_source=digitalreposito
ry.trincoll.edu%2Ftheses%2F253&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages" }}{\fl
drslt {\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs36 Trinity College Digital Repository}}} \par\pa
rd\li1620\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1620\sb80\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9640 \up0
\expndtw-11\charscalex86 {\field{\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://digitalrepositor
y.trincoll.edu/theses?utm_source=digitalrepository.trincoll.edu%2Ftheses%2F253&u
tm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages" }}{\fldrslt {\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs
24 Senior Theses and Projects}}}\tab \up0 \expndtw-11\charscalex86 {\field{\*\fl
dinst {HYPERLINK "http://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/students?utm_source=digi
talrepository.trincoll.edu%2Ftheses%2F253&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPa
ges" }}{\fldrslt {\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Student Works}}}\par\pard\ql \li16
20\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1620\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1620
\sb132\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-11\charscalex90 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs24
4-1-2012 \par\pard\ql \li1620\ri2561\sb216\sl-480\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex76 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs52 Computer Game Addiction and Emotional \line \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex74 Dependence \par\pard\ql \li1620\sb230\sl-299\slmult0 \
up0 \expndtw-11\charscalex80 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs26 Amy W. Poon \par\pard\q
l \li1620\sb18\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex87 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f
8\fs20 Trinity College\ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 , amypoonthesis@gmail.com \par
\pard\ql \li1620\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1620\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\
pard\ql\li1620\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1620\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pa
rd\ql\li1620\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1620\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard
\ql\li1620\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1620\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\q
l\li1620\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1620\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\
li1620\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1620\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li
\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1620\sb220\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-10\ch
arscalex93 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs24 Follow this and additional works at:\ul0\
nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 {\field{\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://digitalrepository.
trincoll.edu/theses?utm_source=digitalrepository.trincoll.edu%2Ftheses%2F253&utm
_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages" }}{\fldrslt {\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24
http://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/theses}}} \par\pard\ql \li1620\sb0\sl-276
\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1620\sb108\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-11\charscalex91
\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs24 Recommended Citation \par\pard\qj \li1620\ri2025\sb5
1\sl-220\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex90 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs18 Poon,
Amy W., "Computer Game Addiction and Emotional Dependence". Senior Theses, Trin
ity College, Hartford, CT 2012. \line \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex90 Trinity Colle
ge Digital Repository, {\field{\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://digitalrepository.t
rincoll.edu/theses/253/" }}{\fldrslt {\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs18 http://digita
lrepository.trincoll.edu/theses/253}}} \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\pap
erh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg2}{\bkmkend Pg2}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-27
6\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb191\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10125 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Running Head: COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION\tab
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Poon 1\par\pard\ql \li3456\sb0\sl-540\slmult0 \pa
r\pard\ql\li3456\sb0\sl-540\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3456\sb0\sl-540\slmult0 \par\
pard\ql\li3456\sb0\sl-540\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3456\sb0\sl-540\slmult0 \par\pa

rd\ql\li3456\sb0\sl-540\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3456\sb0\sl-540\slmult0 \par\pard
\ql\li3456\sb0\sl-540\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3456\sb0\sl-540\slmult0 \par\pard\q
l\li3456\ri3267\sb330\sl-540\slmult0\tx5601 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Comput
er Game Addiction and Emotional Dependence \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
00 Amy Poon \par\pard\ql \li5383\sb239\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 Trinity College \par\pard\ql \li5032\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5032\
sb8\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Fall 2011-Spring 2012 \par\pard
\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg3}{\bkmken
d Pg3}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb191\sl-276\slmult0\f
i0\tx10125 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Running H
ead: COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Poon 2\par\pard\q
l \li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb172\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 Acknowledgments \par\pard\ql \
li1440\ri1295\sb36\sl-553\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosup
ersub\cf10\f11\fs24 I would like to thank Professor Lee for allowing me to condu
ct my research on Computer \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Game Addiction, even wh
en it seemed like such a laughable subject. He helped me get IRB \line \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 approval, conduct the study, and write a thesis, all the wh
ile believing that I could finish it all. I \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 am hap
py to report that he was right. I would also like to thank Professor Chapman, he
r long \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 hours with me in the library culminated in
my results section. Without her patience and \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100
guidance, completing this paper would have been impossible. Finally, I would li
ke to \line \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 acknowledge Jonathan Handali for proof
reading my paper. \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb216\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\char
scalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 Abstract \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri1268\sb5
7\sl-551\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs
24 As computer games grow in popularity, the negative effects of usage should be
studied. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Computer games (games played on a
computer, tablet, or any web-enabled device) have salient \line \up0 \expndtw-2\
charscalex100 qualities, especially MMORPGs, that cause addictive symptoms. I in
vestigated computer game \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 addiction and usage
in Trinity College students. A sample of 114 students (M =20.4 years of age, \l
ine \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 61% female) was divided into a non-addicted, s
ocial player, and computer-addicted group based \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex
100 on Young's Diagnostic Questionnaire. My results showed that there is no sign
ificant correlation \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 between day quality and
computer game usage, and no significant correlation between emotional \line \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 dependence and group. Not enough computer-game addicte
d subjects participated (n=4), so it \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1285\sb10\sl-550\slm
ult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 was unable to be concluded that computer game
addicts have lower GPA, or prefer a certain type \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
of game. However, the large number of social players (n=57) shows that more rese
arch needs to \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 be conducted to analyze the prevalen
ce of addictive symptoms. \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard
\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg4}{\bkmkend Pg4}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par
\pard\li1440\sb191\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10125 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0
\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Running Head: COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION\tab \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 Poon 3\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb17
2\sl-276\slmult0\fi4024 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\f
s24 Introduction\par\pard\li1440\sb276\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 Significance\par\pard\ql \li2160\sb272\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 In an increasingly technology-dependen
t based society, people will continue to use \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb264\sl-276\s
lmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 computers not only for business but also fo
r pleasure. Computers have become a social and \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri1442\sb56\
sl-553\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 economic necessity that permeates e
very part of our lives; it is feasible that in the future, every \line \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 person in the world may own or use a computer. Therefore, n
ecessary precaution must be taken \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 in explori

ng all the uses of computers, and the negative and consequences of using them on
a \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 daily basis. \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri1332\
sb0\sl-552\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 A particular aspect of co
mputing that is fascinating to the public is computer gaming. \line \up0 \expndt
w-2\charscalex100 This aspect of computer usage is recreational and lacks practi
cality in the majority of people\u8217?s \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 dai
ly life. Three different types of computer players have emerged. The first are p
ro-gamers, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 competitive and skilled players t
hat play in tournaments and earn money. Depending on the \line \up0 \expndtw-2\c
harscalex100 popularity and renown of the game, a player may be sponsored and ea
rn a salary. StarCraft, a \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 real time strategy
game, is a popular spectator sport in South Korea where there are at least thre
e \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 television networks dedicated to analysis
and watching of games, a draft, and salaried players \line \up0 \expndtw-4\chars
calex100 with the top players being paid in the hundred thousand range (Mars(ATW
ithMePls), 2008). \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Only a small percentage of
gamers in America can win tournaments and earn enough money to \line \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 support them financially. The second are social players, who
play recreationally and for no \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 monetary gai
n. They may play socially, to spend time with friends while doing a particular \
line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 activity, enjoyment of the game itself, or to
relieve stress. The third are computer addicts, who \line \up0 \expndtw-2\chars
calex100 dedicate a large portion of their time to playing a computer game, and
display behaviors that are \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 common to addicti
on. The percentage of addicted gamers is estimated to be at least 4.6-12% \par\p
ard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg5}{\bkm
kend Pg5}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb191\sl-276\slmult
0\fi0\tx10125 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Runnin
g Head: COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Poon 4\par\par
d\ql \li1440\ri1250\sb200\sl-552\slmult0\tx2160 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 (T
homas and Martin, 2010; Grsser, Thalemann, & Griffiths, 2007); although this numb
er may \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 be inflated due to the usage of probl
ematic gaming criterion (Charlton, 2002). \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex1
00 The number of addicted players continues to grow as gaming gains more influen
ce. If \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 computer game addiction is a serious disord
er, then it should be entered into the Diagnostic and \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex
100 Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders V (DSM-V). With its inclusion, there
will be credence to \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 its validity, and therapeutic
programs can be created to find and treat those with serious computer \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 game addiction. More research will become focused on this p
henomenon, as there is little \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 attention on t
his subject. Also, perhaps computer game companies will take up social \line \up
0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 responsibility and decrease factors that target poten
tial computer game addicts. \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb236\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 Problematic Gambling \par\pard
\ql \li1440\ri1321\sb36\sl-553\slmult0\fi720\tx2160 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex10
0 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 In 1964, the World Health Organization (WHO) beg
an to use the term dependence to \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 replace \u8
216?addiction\u8217? and \u8216?habituation\u8217? due to negative associations
with these words (WHO, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2011). They named a r
ange of symptoms that are common across various drug dependencies as \line \up0
\expndtw-4\charscalex100 dependence syndrome. However, these criteria can easily
be adapted to behavioral actions and is \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 out
lined by the following: a compulsion to engage in activity, trouble controlling
intake, a \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 physical withdrawal, tolerance, ne
glect of other activities and interests in favor of activity that \line \up0 \ex
pndtw-2\charscalex100 causes addiction, and persistent activity despite overtly
harmful consequences (WHO, 2011). \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Three or m
ore symptoms must be shown together in the course of a year to qualify. \line \t
ab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 For problematic gambling (also known as gamblin

g addiction), the Diagnostic and \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Statistical
Manual for Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV) states that a person must show 5 out of
10 \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 symptoms and may not be caused by a mani
c episode (Medic8, 2011). First there is \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 pre
occupation, which is when one has thoughts that center on gambling, whether it i
s how to get \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 to a casino to gamble or just t
hinking about a game one played in the past. Second is tolerance, \par\pard\sect
\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg6}{\bkmkend Pg6
}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb191\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx
10125 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Running Head:
COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Poon 5\par\pard\ql \li
1440\ri1271\sb200\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 which is when one
has to play larger bets or make higher risks to feel the rush of pleasure when
\line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 one placed smaller bets when starting out. T
hird is withdrawal, or irritability or other negative \line \up0 \expndtw-2\char
scalex100 experiences associated with attempting to reduce or stop playing. Four
th is escape, wherein a \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 player may attempt t
o improve mood or escape problems by concentrating on gambling instead \line \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 of the problem. Fifth is chasing, where the player re
peatedly attempts to win back gambling \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 losse
s by gambling more. Sixth is lying, the player attempts to hide their gameplay f
rom close \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 ones. Seventh, there is a loss of
control; the player is unable to stop gambling. An eighth \line \up0 \expndtw-2\
charscalex100 symptom is illegal acts; the player has resorted to crime to obtai
n money or recover losses. Ninth \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 is risked s
ignificant relationship, when the gambling has created a wedge between oneself a
nd \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 one\u8217?s loved ones, job, other relati
onships, or other significant opportunities. Continued gambling \line \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 may also result in the loss of all these relationships. Tent
h, the player has resorted to others for \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 mon
ey in order to assist with the debt accumulated from gambling. Problematic gamin
g, in itself, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 is not classified under addict
ive disorders but rather as an impulse control disorder, and has \line \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 entered into the DSM-IV due to these similarities to addict
ion as well as well as the negative \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 effects
gamblers display (APA, 2000). \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri1387\sb0\sl-553\slmult0\fi7
20 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 The symptoms for dependence syndrome often over
lap with the DSM-IV\u8217?s criteria for \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 pat
hological gambling. That is because the checklist for pathological gambling was
based off of \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 addictive symptoms demonstrated
by substance abusers and also by pathological gamblers. Yet, \line \up0 \expndt
w-2\charscalex100 if behavior that is caused by addiction to an activity is alre
ady listed in the DSM-IV and \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 computer-addict
ed gamers have symptoms similar to Dependence Syndrome, then it should \line \up
0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 reasonably be entered into the DSM-V. However, videogame addiction and similar addictions \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 were n
ot entered into the DSM-IV due to lack of evidence. Research into computer game
\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg7
}{\bkmkend Pg7}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb191\sl-276\
slmult0\fi0\tx10125 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24
Running Head: COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Poon 6\p
ar\pard\qj \li1440\ri1651\sb194\sl-560\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 add
iction has only recently gained volume due to the rise of computer gaming in the
past two \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 decades as well as the availability of c
omputers to the general public. \par\pard\ql \li2220\sb235\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw-2\charscalex100 Assessments for Problematic Gambling are often used to c
reate tests for \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb264\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charsc
alex100 Computer/Internet Addiction due to similarities between the two; both ar
e behavioral based \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\s
b8\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 addiction. For instance, Thomas

and Martin (2010) note that their assessment for Computer \par\pard\qj \li1440\r
i1358\sb30\sl-560\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Game and Internet addict
ion were adapted from pathological gambling as \u8220?no empirically tested \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 measure for behavior addiction was available in 2004 a
t the time of data collection,\u8221?. \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb235\sl-276\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 Computer Game Addic
tion \par\pard\ql \li2160\sb264\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul
0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 There are five aspects of internet addiction noted by
Shaw and Black (2008): Cyber \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\
ql\li1440\sb8\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 sexual addiction, cyb
er-relational addiction, net compulsions, information overload, and \par\pard\ql
\li1440\sb264\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 computer addiction.
The main subtype we will be looking at is computer addiction, as it is \par\pard
\ql \li1440\ri1248\sb56\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 described a
s \u8220?Many computers come equipped with pre-programmed games and people becom
e \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 addicted to playing them at the cost of wo
rk performance or family obligations\u8221?. There is a lot of \line \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 controversy over the overlap of devices in gaming, which has
resulted in an ambiguous \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 definition for comp
uter games and computer game addiction. For instance, a game that was made \line
\up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 for a video game console now has an internet vers
ion, a computer game has moved onto the \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 tabl
et, gambling has also moved to the internet, etc. We will extend their definitio
n to include all \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 computer games playable on
a web-enabled device that is not a video-game console, as computer \line \up0 \e
xpndtw-2\charscalex100 games are recreational activities that are meant to be en
joyed, and outside of educational games \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 have
little productive value. \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1904\sb0\sl-560\slmult0\fi720 \
up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 The following are in depth examinations of computer
-game addiction symptoms as \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 studied by researchers
as well as real life-examples. \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh1584
0\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg8}{\bkmkend Pg8}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmul
t0\par\pard\li1440\sb191\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10125 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
0 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Running Head: COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION\tab \up0 \
expndtw-3\charscalex100 Poon 7\par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\
ql\li1440\sb152\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1
3\f14\fs24 Persistence \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri1251\sb57\sl-551\slmult0\fi720 \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Persistence, or behavio
ral salience, is an activity that dominates a person\u8217?s behavior to \line \
up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 the point that self-maintenance is neglected. In 19
38, Skinner created a device that allowed rats \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex1
00 to push a lever that would release a pellet into their cage. Once the rats re
alized that the action of \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 pressing the lever
resulted in a reward, they continued to press the lever until exhaustion. Doing
\line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 so demonstrated an aspect of operant condit
ioning called positive reinforcement, in which a \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscale
x100 reward stimulus will result in the continuation or increased frequency of a
behavior. In Loftus \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 and Loftus\u8217? (1983
) study, they found similar behavior in humans, except with video arcade \line \
up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 games such as Pac-man and Invaders. The reward stim
ulus is often a higher score, accomplishing \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
a task, or defeating a virtual enemy which causes a feeling of achievement. Peop
le would gain \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 injuries by standing in front
of a machine for hours and repeatedly moving a joystick or pushing \line \up0 \e
xpndtw-2\charscalex100 buttons, resulting in blisters, callouses, etc. These inj
uries were given humorous names, such as \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Pac
-man\u8217?s Elbow which refers to a mild form of tendinitis. These injuries hav
e become more \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 varied across different platfo
rms for gaming and computing usage. Commonly cited injuries \line \up0 \expndtw-
4\charscalex100 include tired eyes, carpal tunnel syndrome, etc. due to staring
at a computer screen and repeating \line \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 the same
keystrokes when playing. \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri1248\sb8\sl-553\slmult0\fi720 \u
p0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Besides repeating an action to the point of self-har
m, computer game addiction is more \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 associate
d with ignoring bodily needs in favor of playing. The BBC (2005) posted an artic
le \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 about a man in South Korea who played for
50 hours straight in an internet caf, and eventually \line \up0 \expndtw-2\chars
calex100 collapsed from exhaustion. He died in the hospital from heart failure.
There are several reports of \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 gamers refusing
to use the bathroom or using a bottle to release their urine, and eating little
food \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 or snacks to nourish themselves; all t
o remain in front of the computer for a while longer \line \up0 \expndtw-2\chars
calex100 (Chappell et al., 2006). Many of these stories usually stem from develo
ped countries in Asia such \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\par
d\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg9}{\bkmkend Pg9}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\pa
r\pard\li1440\sb191\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10125 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul
0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Running Head: COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION\tab \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 Poon 8\par\pard\ql \li1440\ri1257\sb200\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw-2\charscalex100 as China, South Korea, and Japan where computer gaming i
s more accepted and popular than in \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the Unit
ed States. For instance in South Korea, StarCraft is a popular spectator sport a
nd one \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 needs a license in order to qualify t
o play as a pro-gamer. Computer Game Addiction has been \line \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 recognized as a formal disorder in these countries, and the governme
nt has taken steps against it \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 by creating pr
ograms and clinics to battle against it. In South Korea, after repeated incident
s of \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 self-neglect leading to death, and the
death of a child that was neglected by its parents, they have \line \up0 \expndt
w-2\charscalex100 enacted policies to fight against computer addiction(Cho, 2010
). These policies include opening \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 several co
unseling centers, boot camps for addicted children and teenagers during summer a
nd \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 winter break, and people under eighteen b
eing prohibited from playing in internet cafes between \line \up0 \expndtw-2\cha
rscalex100 midnight and 8 am (Bosker, 2010; Cain, 2010). China has also enacted
policies that include \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 opening treatment cent
ers and requiring minors to use their government IDs to track and shorten \line
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 usage (Sung, 2009). The government targets the you
ng, as they are under the care of their parents \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex
100 and are also at risk for computer game addiction (Thomas and Martin, 2010).
The popularity and \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 acceptance of computer ga
mes in developed Asia, as well as their policies against computer \line \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 game addiction could be a possible future for America. \pa
r\pard\ql \li1440\sb216\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf13\f14\fs24 Risked Relationships \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri1250\sb56\sl-553\
slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 In add
iction, one may drift away or alienate one\u8217?s close relations in favor of t
he substance \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 or activity. In a two case stud
y by Griffiths (2010), he examined two different sides of the social \line \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 aspects of computer gaming. The first case featured Dav
e who began to play World of Warcraft \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 for te
n to fourteen hours a day after finishing his degree and before getting his firs
t job. Although \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 he played excessively, he wa
s able to gain and maintain new friends through the game, only \line \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 played because he was in a situation with a lot of time, and
eventually dropped out of playing \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 when he fo
rmed new commitments in real life. In the second case, a married man with two \p
ar\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg10}
{\bkmkend Pg10}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb191\sl-276\
slmult0\fi0\tx10125 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24
Running Head: COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Poon 9\p

ar\pard\ql \li1440\ri1291\sb200\sl-553\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 chi
ldren named Jeremy, was interviewed. He claimed that he played in order to escap
e from his \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 problems. In the midst of his addiction
he played up to fourteen hours a day, began to lose his \up0 \expndtw-2\charsca
lex100 close connection with his wife, and called in sick at work in order to pl
ay more. He eventually \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 lost his job and his wife.
He has since been referred to a clinical psychologist. Although Dave \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 played as excessively as Jeremy, he was able to stop playing
and it did not ruin his life. Jeremy\u8217?s \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 gamin
g ended up being both the solution and problem that caused a vicious cycle of ab
use which \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 resulted in him losing his family and hi
s work. \par\pard\ql \li2160\sb236\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
It has also been reported that several parents have neglected their children in
favor of \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb264\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
computer and/or internet games. In the case of the Kims, they played a game nam
ed \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 Prius\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 , a \par\par
d\ql \li1440\ri1271\sb56\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 fantasy, M
assive Multiplayer Online Role-playing game (MMORPG). They raised a virtual chil
d \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 named Animus in the game, while only feedi
ng and changing their child in between gaming \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex10
0 sessions. The child died due to malnourishment, and they were sentenced to jai
l. Another parent, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 a single mother, played a
social game named Small Worlds, and neglected her small children and \line \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 two dogs. The children fed themselves from bean cans e
very day, and the two dogs died from \line \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 malnour
ishment. \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri1274\sb0\sl-554\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 Gamers often become too invested and immersed in their games, and as
they play longer \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 hours they begin to lose c
ontact with their real world relationships. Although in Dave\u8217?s \line \up0
\expndtw-4\charscalex100 experience, in which he displayed excessive behavior, h
e did not display this addictive symptom. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Fo
r some gamers, it is possible to play long hours and not be considered addicted,
and there are \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 varying levels of risked rela
tionships. In young teenagers, they may simply pass up on family \line \up0 \exp
ndtw-4\charscalex100 engagement in order to play games (Thomas & Martin, 2010).
In the situations of the Kims, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Jeremy, and t
he single mother, they all played excessively and ignored their social \line \up
0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 responsibilities. \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw122
40\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg11}{\bkmkend Pg11}\par\pard\li1440\s
b0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb191\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10005 \up0 \expndtw
-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Running Head: COMPUTER GAME ADDIC
TION\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Poon 10\par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-276\sl
mult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb152\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul
0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 Violence \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri1304\sb56\sl-552\slmu
lt0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 The basis
of any addiction is the negative consequences that come with using a substance \
up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 or doing an activity. With pathological gaming, the
criteria for it includes resorting to crimes to \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 f
und one\u8217?s own activity or pay off debts one has accumulated. However, arti
cles in the media \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 indicate a trend that many
crimes may occur either due to frustration surrounding the game, or to \up0 \ex
pndtw-2\charscalex100 copycat violent acts from the game. One man in China stabb
ed his friend because the friend had \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 sold a virtua
l sword on eBay for money (BBC, 2005). In another case, a mother in Florida shoo
k \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 her 3-month baby to death for crying when she wa
s playing Farmville (CBSNews, 2010). In the \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 instan
ce of grand theft auto, there have been copycats who have set out to repeat the
crimes they \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 committed in game; one group of teenag
ers in Garden City, New York decided to live out the \line \up0 \expndtw-4\chars
calex100 popular action-adventure, crime game named grand theft auto. They commi
tted burglary, beat \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 some men, attempted to s
teal a car, and even punched a police officer in the face. Their only \line \up0
\expndtw-5\charscalex100 motivation was that they were bored (Crowley, 2008). \
par\pard\ql \li2160\sb216\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 There is
a media stereotype that violent games will increase a child\u8217?s propensity f
or \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri1263\sb58\sl-550\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
violence. Markey and Markey (2010) attempted to predict certain personality typ
es that would be \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 most affected by violent video ga
mes. They found that those high in neuroticism and low in \line \up0 \expndtw-2\
charscalex100 agreeableness and conscientiousness are susceptible to violent gam
es, but only a few individuals \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 truly act on these
impulses in a manner that is noticeable. The individuals that are noted above \u
p0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 may have had other disorders which caused them to ac
t in this violent manner. \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb237\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 Tolerance \par\pard\qj \li1440\r
i1357\sb30\sl-560\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
10\f11\fs24 Weinstein (2010) conducted a study that looked at levels of Dopamine
in both a control \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 group and a group of former ecs
tasy users. They allowed both groups to play a motorbike-riding \up0 \expndtw-4\
charscalex100 computer game and monitored brain chemistry using single-photon em
ission computed \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-24
0{\bkmkstart Pg12}{\bkmkend Pg12}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li
1440\sb191\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10005 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf10\f11\fs24 Running Head: COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\char
scalex100 Poon 11\par\pard\ql \li1440\ri1312\sb200\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw2\charscalex100 tomography (SPECT) before and after game play. They found that t
here were increased levels of \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 dopamine in th
e ventral striatum, which is comparable to amounts produced by amphetamines. \li
ne \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Former ecstasy users had little change in brain
chemistry, which may be due to tolerance from \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex1
00 previous ecstasy usage. The researcher also found that males had greater acti
vation and \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 functional connectivity in the me
so-cortico-limbic system than in females. Weinstein (2010) \line \up0 \expndtw-2
\charscalex100 suggests that gaming usage/craving may use the same neurological
reward system as substance \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 dependence, that
gender differences explain why there are more males playing and addicted to \lin
e \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 games, and that computer game addicted players m
ay also show reduced dopamine levels after \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 p
laying computer games due to sensitization. This study may not be very valid con
cerning the \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 ex-ecstasy group, as they only r
ecruited users and the sample size was small. Thaleman et al. \line \up0 \expndt
w-2\charscalex100 (2007) confirmed these results by examining male computer play
ers of different playing \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 intensities, and se
eing how they reacted to computer cues. Using Electroencephalography, they \line
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 found that the excessive computer game players ha
d stronger cue-reactivity to computer scenes \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
than casual players. They also came to the conclusion that sensitization of the
mesolimbic \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 dopaminergic system caused great
er computer salience in a similar manner of substance abusers \line \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 to drugs. \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb236\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 Debt \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri12
84\sb58\sl-550\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\
f11\fs24 In the case of many computer games, you purchase a single game and then
you hand out \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 no more money. However, game c
ompanies have changed their model to increase profits, and \line \up0 \expndtw-2
\charscalex100 now offer money options to buy more in-game weapons or power-ups,
gain advantages within \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the game, or to rene
w a subscription to a game. In the case of buying in-game items, children \line
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 who do not understand money and have access to the
ir parents\u8217? credit card may accidentally rack \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\pa

perw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg13}{\bkmkend Pg13}\par\pard\l
i1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb191\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10005 \up0 \
expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Running Head: COMPUTER GAM
E ADDICTION\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Poon 12\par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1350
\sb194\sl-560\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 up a debt (Insley, 2010). Th
ey may not understand that money purchased for the game translates \up0 \expndtw
-3\charscalex100 into real world money. \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri1272\sb9\sl-550\s
lmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Furthermore, internet gambling has be
come increasingly popular and may soon be legal \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 (J
onsson, 2011). It is possible to bid real money and earn money, as well as lose
money. The \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 same problems of gambling addicti
on occur without a casino, and with the convenient use of the \up0 \expndtw-4\ch
arscalex100 computer. Internet gambling may be even worse as it is a solitary ac
tivity and it is possible to \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 play for hours
or days without anyone seeing or stopping oneself. Furthermore, virtual money \l
ine \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 that has been converted from real money no lon
ger seems like having monetary value, and \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 th
ereby creating an inhibiting effect which would cause greater spending. It is ha
rder to \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 determine the difference between 100
dollars and a thousand dollars when it is on the screen, and \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
arscalex100 there is nothing physical within one\u8217?s hands. \par\pard\ql \li
1440\sb237\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14
\fs24 Emotional Dependence\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 . \par\pard\ql \li1439\r
i1284\sb56\sl-552\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Emotional stabilit
y is dependent on a secure attachment to a person or thing (Arntz, \line \up0 \e
xpndtw-2\charscalex100 2006). In Griffiths (2010), the case study of the Jeremy
demonstrated one of the motives for \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 playing
computer games: escape. Computer players may use computer games as a way to solv
e \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 emotional problems, and to get away from reality
. This may create a self-repeating cycle, as the \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 p
roblem is not solved and only delayed which creates more conflict for the indivi
dual and cause \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 them to play more. Stetina et al. (
2011) looked at male MMORPG game users and found that \line \up0 \expndtw-4\char
scalex100 they tend to have low self-esteem that use gaming as a way to interact
socially. In this manner, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 some or perhaps m
any gamers are more emotionally and socially invested in their gameplay than \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 someone who does not need computer games to interact.
In Hussain and Griffiths\u8216? (2009) study, \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the
y gave an online questionnaire to online gamers of MMORPGs, and found that they
displayed \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 behavioral and psychological dependence
to gaming. \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bk
mkstart Pg14}{\bkmkend Pg14}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\
sb191\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10005 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f10\f11\fs24 Running Head: COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 Poon 13\par\pard\ql \li1440\ri1525\sb200\sl-553\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 This attachment to computer games may negatively impact one\u82
17?s work. Thomas and \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Martin (2010) looked at Tasm
anian secondary and college students and split them into groups \up0 \expndtw-2\
charscalex100 depending on game play hours. They found that students preferred p
laying over spending time \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 with friends and family
and doing homework which negatively impacted their Grade Point \up0 \expndtw-4\c
harscalex100 Average. The researchers also found that the college populations us
ed games to escape their \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 problems or unpleasant fe
elings as well as to chase a higher score. Emotional dependence may \up0 \expndt
w-2\charscalex100 be either symptomatic of addiction, or a cause of computer gam
e addiction. \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb236\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscale
x100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 MMORPG \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb264\sl-276\slmu
lt0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 There are curren
tly 2.5-5% of Americans that have or can be diagnosed with pathological \par\par
d\ql \li1440\ri1281\sb56\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 gambling a

ddiction. Of this number, The National Opinion Research Center (NORC) found that
\line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8220?the availability of a casino within
50 miles (versus 50 to 250 miles) [was] associated with about \line \up0 \expndt
w-2\charscalex100 double the prevalence of problem and pathological gamblers\u82
21? (1999, p. ix). Therefore, the \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 number of
gambling addicts increases with each year, and especially with the building of a
\line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 casino. There are several tactics that casi
nos employ that may cause this pattern of development. \line \up0 \expndtw-4\cha
rscalex100 First, they create marketing strategies to draw in and keep customers
that are at risk for gambling \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 addiction. Fo
r example, Bjelde, Chromy, and Pankow (2008) looked at North Dakota casinos \lin
e \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 and how older adults gambled. They found that No
rth Dakota casinos employed techniques such \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
as giving special discounts, free beverages and/or buffet meals, providing free
transportation to \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 and from casino, offering
special rewards for signing up for card membership, sending \line \up0 \expndtw2\charscalex100 advertisements through the mail, etc. in order to draw in the el
derly crowd. The researchers had \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 already det
ermined that the elderly are more likely to be escape gamblers; that is they use
\line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 gambling as a means to escape boredom or lo
neliness. In other casinos, it has been noted that the \line \up0 \expndtw-2\cha
rscalex100 buildings have been constructed in a way to encourage long hours with
in the casino: there are no \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pa
rd\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg15}{\bkmkend Pg15}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\par\pard\li1440\sb191\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10005 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Running Head: COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION\tab \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 Poon 14\par\pard\ql \li1440\ri1355\sb200\sl-552\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 clocks alongside no windows within the casino to thr
ow off one\u8217?s sense of time, the carpets are \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal
ex100 designed to overwhelm the senses and draw attention away from other stimul
i, the exits are hard \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 to locate, and tend to
be located away from the cashiers to encourage gamblers to pass by other \line
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 games before leaving which ensures that they will
inevitably play another game (Feng, 2011). \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 J
ust by being within a casino setting, and passing by gambling stimuli, it has be
en found that \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 gambling addicts feel an urge
to gamble, more so than someone who is playing recreationally \line \up0 \expndt
w-2\charscalex100 (Kushner, Donahue, and Frost, 2007). Many casinos employ these
strategies in order to increase \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 profit, and
there are few restrictions or self-regulation to stop or aid these problematic
gambling \line \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 addicts. \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri129
1\sb8\sl-552\slmult0\fi720\tx2160 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 There are some c
ases in which casinos have stopped gambling addicts from continuing. \line \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 First, in the state of Nevada, by law casino employees
must stop a person from playing if they \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 are
noticeably drunk. Second, casinos such as the Wynn Las Vegas and MGM Resorts pro
perties \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 have recently instituted programs to
train their employees to identify extreme gambling addicts \line \up0 \expndtw2\charscalex100 and ban them from their casinos. However, it should also be note
d that employees may not \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 always attempt this
approach in fear they will be fired for losing revenue for the casino, or they
\line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 will not be able to do anything at all excep
t watch if they are unable to ban a customer. \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charsca
lex100 Just as casinos create strategies to draw customers in and prey on the vu
lnerable to \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 gambling addiction, computer gam
e companies also attempt to make the most engaging and \line \up0 \expndtw-4\cha
rscalex100 interesting games in order to gain and keep customers. Perhaps, the m
ost addictive is Massive \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Multiplayer Online
Role Playing Games (MMORPG). Lee et al. (2007) looked at South Korean \line \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 gamers and found that while simulation games were the
most preferred, role playing games were \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 more
preferred by high-risk internet users. These games allow for thousands to milli
ons of users \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 to enter a virtual world where
they can interact with each other while developing their character; \par\pard\se
ct\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg16}{\bkmkend
Pg16}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb191\sl-276\slmult0\fi
0\tx10005 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Running He
ad: COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Poon 15\par\pard\q
l \li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb152\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 the most notable MMORPG is World of WarCraft to the extent i
s has been nicknamed \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440
\sb8\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 WarCrack. The company that run
s it, Blizzard Entertainment, reported in the first quarter of \par\pard\ql \li1
440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb8\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 2011 a $170 million profit alone (Lefebvre, 2011). World of Warcraft
and Evercraft are two \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb264\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2
\charscalex100 major games that have been researched by psychologists when study
ing computer game \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1378\sb66\sl-540\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw4\charscalex100 addiction due to its salient qualities. Chan and Vorderer (2006)
described general characteristics \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 of MMORPGs: \pa
r\pard\ql \li1800\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1800\sb183\sl-276\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf14\f15\fs24 \u-3913?\ul0\nosupersu
b\cf4\f5\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 Persistence\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f
11\fs24 -this is split between world persistence and avatar persistence. World \
par\pard\ql \li2160\sb264\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 persisten
ce refers to how the player knows that the world continues to exist with or \par
\pard\ql \li2160\ri1274\sb56\sl-553\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 withou
t him playing. It is accessible at all times, during the whole week. This contin
uity \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 allows for social structures to emerge,
and creates the sense of a parallel reality. Avatar \line \up0 \expndtw-2\chars
calex100 persistence refers to a created identity that has consistency in its re
presentation of itself to \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 others. \par\pard\
ql \li1800\ri1338\sb7\sl-553\slmult0\tx2160\tx2160\tx2160 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf14\f15\fs24 \u-3913?\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs24 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 Physicality\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 - MMORPG wor
lds are grounded in the physical. That is, they have laws of \line\tab \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 nature, that are consistent in how all characters within th
e game must abide by. There are \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 usually
some consistent time and space factors, but they may be sped up or decreased to
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 increase the effect of the game. \par\pa
rd\ql \li1800\sb256\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf14\f15\fs24 \u-3913?\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs2
4 Social interaction\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 -social interaction is encou
raged or integral to the game play of \par\pard\ql \li2160\ri1397\sb38\sl-550\sl
mult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 MMORPGs. Whether it be teaming up to accompl
ish a goal, fighting against each other, \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 or
offering real life information to communicate about topics other than the game,
\line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 MMORPGs definitely have a social factor that
make it appealing to the general public. \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb257\sl-276\slmu
lt0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf14\f15\fs24 \u-3913?\ul0\nos
upersub\cf4\f5\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 Avatar-mediated play\ul0\no
supersub\cf10\f11\fs24 -The player is represented by a character or created avat
ar, with \par\pard\ql \li2160\sb264\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100
which they may create a new identity online. This is another appeal of MMORPGs,
as it \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkst
art Pg17}{\bkmkend Pg17}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb19
1\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10005 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\
f11\fs24 Running Head: COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
Poon 16\par\pard\qj \li2160\ri2010\sb194\sl-560\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charsca
lex100 offers anonymity which increases their freedom to play as they like witho
ut social \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 boundaries. \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri1805\
sb0\sl-560\slmult0\tx2160 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf14\f15
\fs24 \u-3913?\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 Verti
cal game play\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 -Game play is entirely focused on ach
ievements and may include \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 increasing cha
racter levels, equipment quality, and wealth. \par\pard\ql \li1800\ri1417\sb32\s
l-546\slmult0\tx2160\tx2160\tx2160 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf14\f15\fs24 \u-3913?\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs2
4 Perpetuity\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 -MMORPGs do not have an ending in th
e traditional sense. Rather, the game \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 on
ly ends for the player when they choose not to play. This leads to the concentra
tion of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the game being on the player, wh
o can choose how they want to play the game, rather \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
arscalex100 than forcing the player on a single pathway. \par\pard\ql \li2160\sb
238\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 These qualities make MMORPGs ve
ry hard to quit, and several studies have noticed \par\pard\ql \li1531\sb264\sl276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 participants who have had these diffic
ulties or have demonstrated addictive symptoms \par\pard\ql \li1531\sb0\sl-276\s
lmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1531\sb8\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 (Gri
ffiths, 2010; Chappell et al. (2006). Another common feature of studies research
ing \par\pard\ql \li1531\ri1253\sb57\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex10
0 MMORPGs, is a high participation rate by males (Hussain and Griffiths, 2009; L
ee et al., 2007). \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 They see a higher gaming u
sage among males, possibly due to the goal-oriented nature of the \line \up0 \ex
pndtw-2\charscalex100 game genre; as there are an unlimited number of tasks/ques
ts to complete within the game, one \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 can neve
r feel done even after logging off (Chappell et al., 2006; Griffiths, 2009). Sur
prisingly \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 enough, females are a significant
percentage of game players in this genre; they have \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charsc
alex100 historically been underrepresented as a target audience (Jenkins & Casse
ll, 2008). Yee (2001) \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 sent out a link to a s
tudy on his website looking at demographics, and found that 16% of gamers \line
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 in \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 EverQuest\ul0\nos
upersub\cf10\f11\fs24 were female; The Sims boasts a 65 percent female audience
(Boyes, 2007). \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Krotoski (2005) claims that
this may be due to the social components of this game, as females \line \up0 \ex
pndtw-2\charscalex100 are drawn to the communication side of the internet and in
computer games. \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl240{\bkmkstart Pg18}{\bkmkend Pg18}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\
li1440\sb191\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10005 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosup
ersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Running Head: COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
arscalex100 Poon 17\par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\s
b172\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24
Hypotheses \par\pard\ql \li2160\sb264\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex1
00 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 The American Psychology Association had once co
nsidered entrance of Computer \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri1355\sb61\sl-546\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Addiction into the DSM-IV, but chose not to due to l
ack of evidence. Therefore, the aims of this \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 paper
are to increase the amount of evidence for computer game addiction\u8217?s entr
ance into the \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 DSM-V and to increase knowledg
e of computer usage among Trinity college students. \line \up0 \expndtw-5\charsc
alex100 I hypothesize that: \par\pard\qj \li2160\ri1277\sb3\sl-560\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 1. Those addicted to computer games will have symptoms
of addiction, such as tolerance, \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 emotional depende
nce, and withdrawal. \par\pard\ql \li2160\ri1517\sb0\sl-550\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w-2\charscalex100 2. The computer addicted group will demonstrate an emotional a
ttachment to computer \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 games. If they are having a
bad day, they will be more likely to play more hours of \line \up0 \expndtw-5\ch
arscalex100 computer games. \par\pard\qj \li2160\ri2437\sb0\sl-560\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 3. The computer addicted and social player groups will

be more likely to play \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 MMORPGs. \par\pard\ql \li21
60\sb206\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 4. Females will play more
social games, while males will play more goal-oriented games. \par\pard\ql \li21
60\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2160\sb8\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\cha
rscalex100 5. Computer addicted group will have lower GPAs. \par\pard\ql \li5673
\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5673\sb8\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 Methods \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb264\sl-276
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf15\f16\fs24 Participant
s \par\pard\ql \li1439\ri1369\sb58\sl-550\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscal
ex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 A total of 400 Trinity College students rang
ing from 18-24 years of age (\ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 M\ul0\nosupersub\cf10
\f11\fs24 = 20.4 years, \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\
fs24 SD\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 = 1.4) were asked to join in this study. O
nly 117 participants (29.3%) finished the online \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 q
uestionnaires to completion, consisting of 61% females and 39% males. \par\pard\
ql \li1439\sb237\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
15\f16\fs24 Materials \par\pard\qj \li1439\ri1411\sb30\sl-560\slmult0\fi720 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 Addiction. \ul0\nosupers
ub\cf10\f11\fs24 An adapted version of Young\u8217?s Diagnostic Questionnaire (Y
oung, 1998) was \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 used (Appendix A). The origi
nal tested Internet addiction, while the modified version replaced \par\pard\sec
t\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg19}{\bkmkend P
g19}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb191\sl-276\slmult0\fi0
\tx10005 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Running Hea
d: COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Poon 18\par\pard\ql
\li1440\ri1254\sb200\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 references to
the Internet with computer games. Such as replacing \u8220?Do you feel preoccup
ied with \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 the Internet (think about previous online
activity or anticipate next online sessions)?\u8221? with \u8220?Do \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 you feel preoccupied with playing computer games (think about
previous gaming activity or \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 anticipate next
gaming sessions)?\u8221? This 8 item questionnaire was composed of yes or no \l
ine \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 question that tested components of addiction s
uch as preoccupation, tolerance, loss of control, \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
withdrawal, salience, conflict, escape, relapse, and mood modification (Appendix
A). Each yes \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 answer was considered a point, and a
combined total of 5 or more points indicated computer \line \up0 \expndtw-2\cha
rscalex100 game addiction on a range of 0-8. Thus, a computer game addicted grou
p, a social player group \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 (1-3 points), and a non-a
ddicted group were created from this portion. \par\pard\ql \li2160\sb236\sl-276\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 In addition to Young\u8217?s Diagnostic Qu
estionnaire, a question asking GPA was asked in \par\pard\ql \li1439\ri1251\sb36
\sl-553\slmult0\fi0\tx2160\tx2160 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the demographic
information. As addiction is rated in relation to negative consequences, this wi
ll \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 help determine if lower GPA is related to
computer game addiction (Appendix B). \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 Emotional Dependence. \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs2
4 A created question was put on the survey that asked \u8220?When you \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 are near your device do you feel more comfortable and secure
, and when you are away from your \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 device do you fe
el less comfortable and secure\u8221?. Participants answered on a Likert scale,
with 1 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 being true, 3 being doesn't matter, and 5 b
eing false. Furthermore, two other created questions \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex1
00 asked \u8220?How would you rate your day?\u8221? and \u8220?How many hours di
d you spend playing computer \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 games?\u8221? They we
re included in order to link emotional mood with total hours of game play. The \
up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 former question was answered using a Likert scale,
with 1 being absolutely terrible and 10 being \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 a re
ally great day. The latter was answered with a positive number between 0-24 (App
endix B). \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24

Computer Usage. \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 A number of questions were asked t
o learn more about computer game \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 usage in both the
computer addicted group and non-addicted group (Appendix B). First, \line \up0
\expndtw-4\charscalex100 participants were asked how many hours of the day they
played today. This is under the \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh1584
0\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg20}{\bkmkend Pg20}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slm
ult0\par\pard\li1440\sb191\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10005 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Running Head: COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION\tab \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 Poon 19\par\pard\ql \li1440\ri1248\sb200\sl-552\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 assumption that the day they are answering the s
urvey is an average day where they are playing \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex1
00 their normal number of hours as usual. Second, they were asked what type of g
ame; this was to \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 determine if a specific typ
e of game was more addictive or salient to play than another one. \line \up0 \ex
pndtw-2\charscalex100 Third, a question asking what type of device was used to p
lay computer games was asked. This \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 was to de
termine if computer games are limited to simply computers, or if participants pl
aying \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 games on these other devices as comput
er games, such as on ipods or phones. Fourth, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex10
0 participants were asked what major games they have played in the past 3 months
. This is similar \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 to the question, what type
of game they enjoy, and can check consistency; it can also show if \line \up0 \
expndtw-2\charscalex100 there is a game that is more addictive or popular than o
thers. Finally, a question was asked if the \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
participant did any other activities while playing computer games, with a follow
up of what kinds \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 of activities. This will d
etermine if they are engaged by the computer game, or are capable of \line \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 multitasking and being productive. \par\pard\ql \li1440
\ri1249\sb9\sl-551\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f13\f14\fs24 Withdrawal. \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 In addition to a question
in Young\u8217?s Diagnostic Questionnaire (1998) asking \up0 \expndtw-2\charsca
lex100 \u8220?Do you feel restless, moody, depressed, or irritable when attempti
ng to cut down or stop gaming \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 usage?\u8221?, a sec
ond question asked about symptoms of Withdrawal, \u8220?When refraining/controll
ing \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 your computer game usage, have you ever felt a
ny of the following?\u8221? (Appendix B). This is a \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charsc
alex100 checklist based off of the DSM-IV\u8217?s criteria for addiction, and it
includes: anxiety, restlessness, \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 irritability, in
somnia, headaches, poor concentration, depression, social isolation, sweating, \
line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 racing heart, palpitations, muscle tension, t
ightness in the chest, difficulty breathing, tremor, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\chars
calex100 nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, and non-applicable. It ensures that peop
le who are taking the \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 survey are answering c
onsistently and also to extrapolate on the type of symptoms people have \up0 \ex
pndtw-5\charscalex100 when undergoing withdrawal from computer game usage. \par\
pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840{\shp
ffd8ffe000104a46494600010101006000600000ffdb004300010101010101010101010101010101
01010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
010101010101010101ffdb0043010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101ffc0
001108000a025b03012200021101031101ffc4001f00000105010101010101000000000000000001
02030405060708090a0bffc400b5100002010303020403050504040000017d010203000411051221
31410613516107227114328191a1082342b1c11552d1f02433627282090a161718191a2526272829
2a3435363738393a434445464748494a535455565758595a636465666768696a737475767778797a
0101010101010101010000000000000102030405060708090a0bffc400b511000201020404030407
05040400010277000102031104052131061241510761711322328108144291a1b1c109233352f015
6272d10a162434e125f11718191a262728292a35363738393a434445464748494a53545556575859
5a636465666768696a737475767778797a82838485868788898a92939495969798999aa2a3a4a5a6
f2f3f4f5f6f7f8f9faffda000c03010002110311003f00fef1be21f8ce2f877e05f1678ee7f0df8c
bc610f84b41d4b5f97c2bf0f3c377be30f1d788134db67b96d27c27e16d3bfd3fc41af5e84f274dd
26d3fd22f6e59218be6615f9e5ff000f45f0effd18cffc14ff00ff001067e297f8d7e9fd1401f981
ff000f45f0effd18cffc14ff00ff001067e297f8d1ff000f45f0effd18cffc14ff00ff001067e297
f8d7e9fd1401f981ff000f45f0effd18cffc14ff00ff001067e297f8d1ff000f45f0effd18cffc14
ff00ff001067e297f8d7e9fd1401f981ff000f45f0effd18cffc14ff00ff001067e297f8d1ff000f
45f0effd18cffc14ff00ff001067e297f8d7e9fd1401f981ff000f45f0effd18cffc14ff00ff0010
67e297f8d1ff000f45f0effd18cffc14ff00ff001067e297f8d7e9fd1401f981ff000f45f0effd18
cffc14ff00ff001067e297f8d1ff000f45f0effd18cffc14ff00ff001067e297f8d7e9fd1401f981
ff00ff001067e297f8d7e9fd1401f981ff000f45f0effd18cffc14ff00ff001067e297f8d55bdff8
2a7f87aced65b95fd83ffe0a937a63d98b6b2fd85be27cb752979123fdd2492c28766ff31cb48816
3576cf183fa9345007e607fc3d17c3bff4633ff053ff00fc419f8a5fe347fc3d17c3bff4633ff053
ff00fc419f8a5fe35fa7f45007e607fc3d17c3bff4633ff053ff00fc419f8a5fe347fc3d17c3bff4
633ff053ff00fc419f8a5fe35fa7f45007e607fc3d17c3bff4633ff053ff00fc419f8a5fe347fc3d
17c3bff4633ff053ff00fc419f8a5fe35fa7f45007e607fc3d17c3bff4633ff053ff00fc419f8a5f
e347fc3d17c3bff4633ff053ff00fc419f8a5fe35fa7f45007e607fc3d17c3bff4633ff053ff00fc
419f8a5fe347fc3d17c3bff4633ff053ff00fc419f8a5fe35fa7f45007e607fc3d17c3bff4633ff0
53ff00fc419f8a5fe347fc3d17c3bff4633ff053ff00fc419f8a5fe35fa7f45007e607fc3d17c3bf
f4633ff053ff00fc419f8a5fe347fc3d17c3bff4633ff053ff00fc419f8a5fe35fa7f45007e607fc
3d17c3bff4633ff053ff00fc419f8a5fe347fc3d17c3bff4633ff053ff00fc419f8a5fe35fa7f450
07e5bddffc153bc3f6b0aca9fb07ff00c1526f19ae2cedc4169fb0bfc4e79b3777705a79cde74d04
496f6be7fda6f25795443690cf3618a046b3ff000f45f0effd18cffc14ff00ff001067e297f8d7e9
fd1401f981ff000f45f0effd18cffc14ff00ff001067e297f8d1ff000f45f0effd18cffc14ff00ff
001067e297f8d7e9fd1401f981ff000f45f0effd18cffc14ff00ff001067e297f8d1ff000f45f0ef
fd18cffc14ff00ff001067e297f8d7e9fd1401f981ff000f45f0effd18cffc14ff00ff001067e297
f8d1ff000f45f0effd18cffc14ff00ff001067e297f8d7e9fd1401f981ff000f45f0effd18cffc14
ff00ff001067e297f8d1ff000f45f0effd18cffc14ff00ff001067e297f8d7e9fd1401f981ff000f
45f0effd18cffc14ff00ff001067e297f8d1ff000f45f0effd18cffc14ff00ff001067e297f8d7e9
fd1401f981ff000f45f0effd18cffc14ff00ff001067e297f8d1ff000f45f0effd18cffc14ff00ff
001067e297f8d7e9fd1401f981ff000f45f0effd18cffc14ff00ff001067e297f8d1ff000f45f0ef
fd18cffc14ff00ff001067e297f8d7e9fd1401f981ff000f45f0effd18cffc14ff00ff001067e297
f8d4171ff054bf0fc0b1327ec23ff0546b9696eec6d0476ffb0c7c4e2e86f6f20b3fb44ad34b0c51
da5a79ff006bbe9de402dece19e7c398c237ea351401f981ff000f45f0effd18cffc14ff00ff0010
67e297f8d1ff000f45f0effd18cffc14ff00ff001067e297f8d7e9fd1401f9a9a1ff00c14c7c3fae
6b5a468a9fb13ffc14af4b7d6354d3f4b4d4f5cfd8a3e26e97a2e9cda85dc368b7dabea73fee34ed
2ed0cc2e350be9bf7569691cd7127c919afd2ba28a00ffd9}}}}}
{\shp

ffd8ffe000104a46494600010101006000600000ffdb004300010101010101010101010101010101
01010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
010101010101010101ffdb0043010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101ffc0
001108000a025a03012200021101031101ffc4001f00000105010101010101000000000000000001
02030405060708090a0bffc400b5100002010303020403050504040000017d010203000411051221
31410613516107227114328191a1082342b1c11552d1f02433627282090a161718191a2526272829
2a3435363738393a434445464748494a535455565758595a636465666768696a737475767778797a
0101010101010101010000000000000102030405060708090a0bffc400b511000201020404030407
05040400010277000102031104052131061241510761711322328108144291a1b1c109233352f015
6272d10a162434e125f11718191a262728292a35363738393a434445464748494a53545556575859
5a636465666768696a737475767778797a82838485868788898a92939495969798999aa2a3a4a5a6
f2f3f4f5f6f7f8f9faffda000c03010002110311003f00fef07e24fc43f0cfc26f01f8afe24f8ccf
8847857c17a35debdaf1f09f82fc67f117c4834eb250d3ff0062f81be1de81e2af1c78a6ff000479
3a3f85fc39aceaf7472b6b63330207e7bffc3e17f621ff009ebfb5ff00fe2b43fe0a57ff00d0915f
a7f45007e607fc3e17f621ff009ebfb5ff00fe2b43fe0a57ff00d09147fc3e17f621ff009ebfb5ff
00fe2b43fe0a57ff00d0915fa7f45007e607fc3e17f621ff009ebfb5ff00fe2b43fe0a57ff00d091
47fc3e17f621ff009ebfb5ff00fe2b43fe0a57ff00d0915fa7f45007e607fc3e17f621ff009ebfb5
ff00fe2b43fe0a57ff00d09147fc3e17f621ff009ebfb5ff00fe2b43fe0a57ff00d0915fa7f45007
e607fc3e17f621ff009ebfb5ff00fe2b43fe0a57ff00d09147fc3e17f621ff009ebfb5ff00fe2b43
fe0a57ff00d0915fa7f45007e607fc3e17f621ff009ebfb5ff00fe2b43fe0a57ff00d09147fc3e17
f621ff009ebfb5ff00fe2b43fe0a57ff00d0915fa7f45007e607fc3e17f621ff009ebfb5ff00fe2b
43fe0a57ff00d09147fc3e17f621ff009ebfb5ff00fe2b43fe0a57ff00d0915fa7f45007e607fc3e
17f621ff009ebfb5ff00fe2b43fe0a57ff00d09147fc3e17f621ff009ebfb5ff00fe2b43fe0a57ff
00d0915fa7f45007e607fc3e17f621ff009ebfb5ff00fe2b43fe0a57ff00d09157f4cff82b9fec55
ab5ec5616971fb59477132cec8fa8ffc138bfe0a33a3da016f6f2dcc9e6ea1ab7eca763610318e17
10a4d731b5c4e63b6b7596e6686293f4c28a00fcc0ff0087c2fec43ff3d7f6bfff00c5687fc14aff
00fa1228ff0087c2fec43ff3d7f6bfff00c5687fc14aff00fa122bf4fe8a00fcc0ff0087c2fec43f
f3d7f6bfff00c5687fc14aff00fa1228ff0087c2fec43ff3d7f6bfff00c5687fc14aff00fa122bf4
fe8a00fcc0ff0087c2fec43ff3d7f6bfff00c5687fc14aff00fa1228ff0087c2fec43ff3d7f6bfff
00c5687fc14aff00fa122bf4fe8a00fcc0ff0087c2fec43ff3d7f6bfff00c5687fc14aff00fa1228
ff0087c2fec43ff3d7f6bfff00c5687fc14aff00fa122bf4fe8a00fcc0ff0087c2fec43ff3d7f6bf
ff00c5687fc14aff00fa1228ff0087c2fec43ff3d7f6bfff00c5687fc14aff00fa122bf4fe8a00fc
c0ff0087c2fec43ff3d7f6bfff00c5687fc14aff00fa1228ff0087c2fec43ff3d7f6bfff00c5687f
c14aff00fa122bf4fe8a00fcc0ff0087c2fec43ff3d7f6bfff00c5687fc14aff00fa1228ff0087c2
fec43ff3d7f6bfff00c5687fc14aff00fa122bf4fe8a00fcc0ff0087c2fec43ff3d7f6bfff00c568
7fc14aff00fa1228ff0087c2fec43ff3d7f6bfff00c5687fc14aff00fa122bf4fe8a00fcd0d2bfe0
ae3fb15eb37f6fa6d9dc7ed631dcdcf9a227d4ff00e09c9ff0517d16c97ca8649dfcfd4f59fd952c
34db5cc71308cdcddc22694c7045be79628df3ff00e1f0bfb10ffcf5fdafff00f15a1ff052bffe84
8afd3fa2803f303fe1f0bfb10ffcf5fdafff00f15a1ff052bffe848a3fe1f0bfb10ffcf5fdafff00
f15a1ff052bffe848afd3fa2803f303fe1f0bfb10ffcf5fdafff00f15a1ff052bffe848a3fe1f0bf
b10ffcf5fdafff00f15a1ff052bffe848afd3fa2803f303fe1f0bfb10ffcf5fdafff00f15a1ff052
bffe848a3fe1f0bfb10ffcf5fdafff00f15a1ff052bffe848afd3fa2803f303fe1f0bfb10ffcf5fd
afff00f15a1ff052bffe848a3fe1f0bfb10ffcf5fdafff00f15a1ff052bffe848afd3fa2803f303f
e1f0bfb10ffcf5fdafff00f15a1ff052bffe848a3fe1f0bfb10ffcf5fdafff00f15a1ff052bffe84
8afd3fa2803f303fe1f0bfb10ffcf5fdafff00f15a1ff052bffe848a3fe1f0bfb10ffcf5fdafff00
f15a1ff052bffe848afd3fa2803f303fe1f0bfb10ffcf5fdafff00f15a1ff052bffe848a3fe1f0bf
b10ffcf5fdafff00f15a1ff052bffe848afd3fa2803f303fe1f0bfb10ffcf5fdafff00f15a1ff052
bffe848abfa67fc15cff0062ad5efadf4eb4b8fdaca3b8ba66589f51ff0082717fc146747b25291b
ca7cfd4b57fd94ec74eb552a8c15eeaea15772b12334ae88dfa6145007e607fc3e17f621ff009ebf
b5ff00fe2b43fe0a57ff00d09147fc3e17f621ff009ebfb5ff00fe2b43fe0a57ff00d0915fa7f450
07e607fc3e17f621ff009ebfb5ff00fe2b43fe0a57ff00d09147fc3e17f621ff009ebfb5ff00fe2b
43fe0a57ff00d0915fa7f45007e607fc3e17f621ff009ebfb5ff00fe2b43fe0a57ff00d09147fc3e
17f621ff009ebfb5ff00fe2b43fe0a57ff00d0915fa7f45007e607fc3e17f621ff009ebfb5ff00fe
2b43fe0a57ff00d09147fc3e17f621ff009ebfb5ff00fe2b43fe0a57ff00d0915fa7f45007e607fc
3e17f621ff009ebfb5ff00fe2b43fe0a57ff00d09147fc3e17f621ff009ebfb5ff00fe2b43fe0a57
ff00d0915fa7f45007e607fc3e17f621ff009ebfb5ff00fe2b43fe0a57ff00d09147fc3e17f621ff
009ebfb5ff00fe2b43fe0a57ff00d0915fa7f45007e607fc3e17f621ff009ebfb5ff00fe2b43fe0a
57ff00d09147fc3e17f621ff009ebfb5ff00fe2b43fe0a57ff00d0915fa7f45007e607fc3e17f621
ff009ebfb5ff00fe2b43fe0a57ff00d09147fc3e17f621ff009ebfb5ff00fe2b43fe0a57ff00d091
5fa7f45007e607fc3e17f621ff009ebfb5ff00fe2b43fe0a57ff00d09147fc3e17f621ff009ebfb5
ff00fe2b43fe0a57ff00d0915fa7f45007e607fc3e17f621ff009ebfb5ff00fe2b43fe0a57ff00d0
9147fc3e17f621ff009ebfb5ff00fe2b43fe0a57ff00d0915fa7f45007e607fc3e17f621ff009ebf
b5ff00fe2b43fe0a57ff00d09147fc3e17f621ff009ebfb5ff00fe2b43fe0a57ff00d0915fa7f450
07e7e7c30ff829e7ec97f183c7fe16f865e0893f69b3e2cf19ea91e8fa10f17fec11fb79fc34f0c9
be9639654fed9f1e7c4afd9abc25e04f0c59ec85f76a7e27f1268fa646fb2392f16492347fd03a28
a00fffd9}}}}}
\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg21}{\bkmkend Pg21}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmu
lt0\par\pard\li1440\sb191\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10005 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 Poon 20\par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\par
d\ql\li1440\sb172\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f12\f13\fs24 Procedure \par\pard\ql \li2160\sb264\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2
\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 After receiving IRB approval, surve
ys were sent out over e-mail to approved students \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri1338\sb
58\sl-550\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 using survey monkey. It asked so
me demographic information such as age, gender, class year as \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 well as questions about computer game addiction and computer usage.
Participants were divided \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 into 3 groups, computeraddicted, social players, and non-addicted depending on the results of \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 the Young\u8217?s Diagnostic Questionnaire answers. Chi-squ
are Analysis as well as cross-tabs were \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 done on th
e data to prove or disprove the hypotheses. \par\pard\ql \li5745\sb237\sl-276\sl
mult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 Results \par\p
ard\ql \li1440\ri1313\sb34\sl-555\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 I hypothesized that a group of individuals would dem
onstrate symptoms of addiction that \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 would qualify
them as addicted to computer games. I also expected that this group will have \u
p0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 lower GPAs than the social player and non-addicted g
roup. Additionally, computer addicted and \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 social p
layer groups will be more likely to play MMORPGs, and females will orient toward
s \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 social games while males will orient towards goa
l-oriented games. \par\pard\ql \li2160\sb216\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\char
scalex100 Out of the participants who answered, 3.4 % were in the computer-addic
ted group (n=4), \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1325\sb66\sl-540\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2
\charscalex100 48.7% were in the social player group (n=57), and 47.9% were in t
he non-addicted group (n=56) \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Table 1). \par\pard\q
l \li1440\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li1440\sb67\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf16\f
17\fs16 Table 1-distribution of males and females, as well as groups within the
study, Trinity College, and Thomas and Martin's (2010) study. \par\pard\li1780\s
b0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1780\sb2\sl-230\slmult0\fi1812\tx5743\tx7896 \up0 \
expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf17\f18\fs20 respondent sample\tab \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 Trinity College\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Thom
as and Martin (2010)\par\pard\li1780\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1780\sb1\sl-2
30\slmult0\fi379\tx4312\tx6463\tx8616 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 male\tab \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 39%\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 51%\tab \up0 \e
xpndtw-2\charscalex100 27.3%\par\pard\li1780\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1780\
sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi379\tx4312\tx6463\tx8616 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 fema
le\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 62%\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 49%\t
ab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 72.7\par\pard\li1780\sb228\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\t
x4312\tx8616 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 computer-game\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\cha
rscalex100 3.4%\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 4.2%\par\pard\li1780\sb0\sl-23
0\slmult0\par\pard\li1780\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi288 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
addicted\par\pard\li1780\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1780\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\
fi119\tx4312\tx8616 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 social player\tab \up0 \expndt
w-2\charscalex100 48.7%\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 22.4%\par\pard\li1780\
sb228\sl-230\slmult0\fi105\tx4312\tx8616 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 non-addic
ted\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 47.9%\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 73
.2%\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart
Pg22}{\bkmkend Pg22}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb191\sl
-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10005 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\
fs24 Running Head: COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Poo
n 21\par\pard\ql \li2160\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2160\sb152\sl-276\slm
ult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 The social-player group demonstrated several
symptoms of withdrawal, as well as the \par\pard\ql \li1439\ri1319\sb56\sl-552\s
lmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 non-addicted group (See Figure 1). Alth
ough a computer-addicted group was formed, there were \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex
100 only four participants; my results concerning this group are non-significant
. Therefore, I was \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 unable to find if the com
puter addicted groups mean GPA, \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 M \ul0\nosupersub\
cf10\f11\fs24 = 2.70 (\ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 SD \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\
fs24 = 1.57), was \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 significantly lower than t
he social player group or the non-addicted group, \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24
M \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 = 3.21(\ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 SD \ul0\nos
upersub\cf10\f11\fs24 = .62), \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13
\f14\fs24 M \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 = 3.32 (\ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24
SD \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 = .44). There was also no significant correlati
on between grouping and emotional \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 dependence, \ul0
\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 r \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 (92) = .32, \ul0\nosup
ersub\cf13\f14\fs24 ns. \par\pard\ql \li1439\ri1630\sb10\sl-550\slmult0\fi720 \u
p0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 The social player grou
p reported withdrawal symptoms such as restlessness (n=9) and \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 poor concentration (n=12), but none of them answered yes to the with
drawal question in \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Young\u8217?s Diagnostic
Questionnaire. \par\pard\ql \li3456\sb283\sl-414\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex99 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs36 Withdrawal Symptoms frequency \par\pard\ql \l
i2570\sb78\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19
\fs20 14 \par\pard\ql \li2570\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2570\sb40\sl-230
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 12 \par\pard\ql \li2570\sb0\sl-230\slmult
0 \par\pard\ql\li2570\sb40\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 10 \par\
pard\li2671\sb32\sl-230\slmult0\fi6794 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 computer ad
dicted\par\pard\li2671\sb27\sl-230\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 8\p
ar\pard\li2671\sb74\sl-230\slmult0\fi6794 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 social p
layer\par\pard\li2671\sb1\sl-196\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 6\par
\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw9305\colsr160\colno2\colw2635\colsr160
\ql \li2671\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2671\sb50\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw-2\charscalex100 4\par\pard\ql \li2671\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2
671\sb47\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2\par\pard\ql \li2671\sb0\
sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2671\sb46\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal
ex100 0\par\pard\qj \li4826\sb0\sl-333\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li4826\sb0\sl-333\s
lmult0 \par\pard\qj \li4826\sb0\sl-333\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li4826\sb0\sl-333\s
lmult0 \par\pard\qj \li1111\ri2540\sb285\sl-333\slmult0\fi3715 \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex100 Withdrawal symptoms \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
20\f21\fs18 Figure 1-Withdrawal symptoms among each group\ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f2
2\fs18 .\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb136\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal
ex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs20 non-addicted \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paper
w12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg23}{\bkmkend Pg23}\par\pard\li14
40\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb191\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10005 \up0 \exp
ndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Running Head: COMPUTER GAME A
DDICTION\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Poon 22\par\pard\ql \li1439\ri1276\sb
200\sl-552\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 There was a significant g
ender difference in interest in first-person shooter games, \ul0\nosupersub\cf13
\f14\fs24 X\ul0\super\cf22\f23\fs24 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 (\ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf13\f14\fs24 n \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24

= 117, 1) = 31.58, \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 p \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs2
4 < .001. Fewer women were interested than would be expected by chance, as \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 well as more men playing by chance (see Table 2). Ther
e were also fewer women interested in \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 adventure ga
mes (\ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 X\ul0\super\cf22\f23\fs24 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf
10\f11\fs24 (\ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 n\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 = 11
7, 1) = 4.78, \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 p \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 < .0
5) and in rpg games (\ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 X\ul0\super\cf22\f23\fs24 2\u
l0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 (\ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 n\ul0\nosupersub\cf1
0\f11\fs24 = 117, 1) = 8.659, \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 p \ul0\nosupersub\c
f10\f11\fs24 < \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 .05). More females and fewer males
were interested in social (\ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 X\ul0\super\cf22\f23\fs
24 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 (\ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 n\ul0\nosupers
ub\cf10\f11\fs24 = 117, 1) = 3.9644, \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 p \ul0\nosup
ersub\cf10\f11\fs24 < .05) \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 and trivia games (\ul0\
nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 X\ul0\super\cf22\f23\fs24 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs2
4 (\ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 n\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 = 117, 1) = 4.
93, \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 p \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 < .05). \par\p
ard\ql \li3331\sb0\sl-414\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3331\sb48\sl-414\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex98 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs36 Game Preferences across Sexe
s \par\pard\ql \li2164\sb118\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\n
osupersub\cf18\f19\fs20 30 \par\pard\qj \li2164\ri9715\sb60\sl-460\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 25 \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 20 \par\pard\ql
\li2164\sb210\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 15 \par\pard\li2164\s
b37\sl-230\slmult0\fi7180 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 male\par\pard\sect\sectd
\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw9185\colsr160\colno2\colw2755\colsr160\ql \li2164\sb1\
sl-213\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 10\par\pard\ql \li2265\sb0\sl-230\s
lmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2265\sb16\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 5\
par\pard\ql \li2265\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2265\sb13\sl-230\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 0\par\pard\ql \li5092\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard
\ql \li5092\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li5092\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard
\ql \li5092\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li5092\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard
\ql \li5092\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li5092\sb10\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw-1\charscalex100 Game Tyoe\par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard
\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb138\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \e
xpndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf16\f17\fs16 Figure 1-Game types preferr
ed by males and females.\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb133\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs20 female \par\pard\sect\sectd\
fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840{\shp
ffd8ffe000104a46494600010101006000600000ffdb004300010101010101010101010101010101
01010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
010101010101010101ffdb0043010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101ffc0
0011080028027d03012200021101031101ffc4001f00000105010101010101000000000000000001
02030405060708090a0bffc400b5100002010303020403050504040000017d010203000411051221
31410613516107227114328191a1082342b1c11552d1f02433627282090a161718191a2526272829
2a3435363738393a434445464748494a535455565758595a636465666768696a737475767778797a
0101010101010101010000000000000102030405060708090a0bffc400b511000201020404030407
05040400010277000102031104052131061241510761711322328108144291a1b1c109233352f015
6272d10a162434e125f11718191a262728292a35363738393a434445464748494a53545556575859
5a636465666768696a737475767778797a82838485868788898a92939495969798999aa2a3a4a5a6
f2f3f4f5f6f7f8f9faffda000c03010002110311003f00fefd9995159dd951114b3bb10aaaaa0966
6624055500924900004938ae7ffe12ff0009ff00d0d1e1dffc1de9bffc935aba97fc83afff00ebca
ebff0044495f9f95ec65796c330559ceace9fb274d2e549df9d4ef7bf6e5fc4f3f1d8d9e11d25184
67ed14efccdab72b8ed6efcccfbbbfe12ff09ffd0d1e1dff00c1de9bff00c9347fc25fe13ffa1a3c
3bff0083bd37ff00926be11a2bd5ff0057287fd04d5ffc02079ffdb157fe7cd3ff00c0a5fd77fe96
bf777fc25fe13ffa1a3c3bff0083bd37ff009268ff0084bfc27ff4347877ff00077a6fff0024d7c2
3451feae50ff00a09abff80403fb62affcf9a7ff00814bfaeffd2d7eeeff0084bfc27ff4347877ff
00077a6fff0024d1ff00097f84ff00e868f0effe0ef4dffe49af8468a3fd5ca1ff0041357ff00807
f6c55ff9f34fff000297f5dffa5afdddff00097f84ff00e868f0effe0ef4dffe49a3fe12ff0009ff
00d0d1e1dffc1de9bffc935f08d147fab943fe826aff00e0100fed8abff3e69ffe052febbff4b5fb
bbfe12ff0009ff00d0d1e1dffc1de9bffc9347fc25fe13ff00a1a3c3bff83bd37ff926be11a28ff5
7287fd04d5ff00c0201fdb157fe7cd3ffc0a5fd77fe96bf777fc25fe13ff00a1a3c3bff83bd37ff9
268ff84bfc27ff004347877ff077a6ff00f24d7c23451feae50ffa09abff0080403fb62aff00cf9a
7ff814bfaeff00d2d7eeeff84bfc27ff004347877ff077a6ff00f24d1ff097f84ffe868f0eff00e0
ef4dff00e49af8468a3fd5ca1ff41357ff0000807f6c55ff009f34ff00f0297f5dff00a5afdddff0
97f84ffe868f0eff00e0ef4dff00e49a3fe12ff09ffd0d1e1dff00c1de9bff00c935f08d147fab94
3fe826affe0100fed8abff003e69ff00e052febbff004b5fbbbfe12ff09ffd0d1e1dff00c1de9bff
00c9347fc25fe13ffa1a3c3bff0083bd37ff00926be11a28ff0057287fd04d5ffc0201fdb157fe7c
d3ff00c0a5fd77fe96bf777fc25fe13ffa1a3c3bff0083bd37ff009268ff0084bfc27ff4347877ff
00077a6fff0024d7c23451feae50ff00a09abff80403fb62affcf9a7ff00814bfaeffd2d7eeeff00
84bfc27ff4347877ff00077a6fff0024d1ff00097f84ff00e868f0effe0ef4dffe49af8468a3fd5c
a1ff0041357ff00807f6c55ff9f34fff000297f5dffa5afdddff00097f84ff00e868f0effe0ef4df
fe49a3fe12ff0009ff00d0d1e1dffc1de9bffc935f08d147fab943fe826aff00e0100fed8abff3e6
9ffe052febbff4b5fbbbfe12ff0009ff00d0d1e1dffc1de9bffc9347fc25fe13ff00a1a3c3bff83b
d37ff926be11a28ff57287fd04d5ff00c0201fdb157fe7cd3ffc0a5fd77fe96bf778f1778518e17c
4fe1e2704e06b5a693850598f173d1541627a00093c0a4ff0084bfc27ff4347877ff00077a6fff00
24d7c336bfeb1bfebdeeff00f4926aaf4bfd5ca376beb35765f621d6ff00e43fed8ab64fd8d3ddaf
8a5d2dfe6ffadfeeeff84bfc27ff004347877ff077a6ff00f24d1ff097f84ffe868f0eff00e0ef4d
ff00e49af8468a7feae50ffa09abff0080405fdb157fe7cd3ffc0a5fd77fe96bf777fc25fe13ff00
a1a3c3bff83bd37ff9268ff84bfc27ff004347877ff077a6ff00f24d7c23451feae50ffa09abff00
80403fb62aff00cf9a7ff814bfaeff00d2d7eeeff84bfc27ff004347877ff077a6ff00f24d1ff097
f84ffe868f0eff00e0ef4dff00e49af8468a3fd5ca1ff41357ff0000807f6c55ff009f34ff00f029
7f5dff00a5afdddff097f84ffe868f0eff00e0ef4dff00e49a3fe12ff09ffd0d1e1dff00c1de9bff
00c935f08d147fab943fe826affe0100fed8abff003e69ff00e052febbff004b5fbbbfe12ff09ffd
0d1e1dff00c1de9bff00c9347fc25fe13ffa1a3c3bff0083bd37ff00926be11a28ff0057287fd04d
5ffc0201fdb157fe7cd3ff00c0a5fd77fe96bf777fc25fe13ffa1a3c3bff0083bd37ff009268ff00
84bfc27ff4347877ff00077a6fff0024d7c23451feae50ff00a09abff80403fb62affcf9a7ff0081
4bfaeffd2d7eeeff0084bfc27ff4347877ff00077a6fff0024d1ff00097f84ff00e868f0effe0ef4
dffe49af8468a3fd5ca1ff0041357ff00807f6c55ff9f34fff000297f5dffa5afdddff00097f84ff
00e868f0effe0ef4dffe49a3fe12ff0009ff00d0d1e1dffc1de9bffc935f08d147fab943fe826aff
00e0100fed8abff3e69ffe052febbff4b5fbbbfe12ff0009ff00d0d1e1dffc1de9bffc934bff0009
7f84c633e27f0e8c8c8ff89d69bc8c9191fe93c8c823ea08ed5f08548ff761ff00ae67ff0046cb47
fab943fe826aff00e0101ace2aebfb9a7a2bfc52ee97eaff00adfeeaff0084bfc27ff4347877ff00
077a6fff0024d1ff00097f84ff00e868f0effe0ef4dffe49af8468a3fd5ca1ff0041357ff0080bfb
62affcf9a7ff00814bfaeffd2d7eeeff0084bfc27ff4347877ff00077a6fff0024d1ff00097f84ff
00e868f0effe0ef4dffe49af8468a3fd5ca1ff0041357ff00807f6c55ff9f34fff000297f5dffa5a
fdddff00097f84ff00e868f0effe0ef4dffe49a3fe12ff0009ff00d0d1e1dffc1de9bffc935f08d1
47fab943fe826aff00e0100fed8abff3e69ffe052febbff4b5fbbbfe12ff0009ff00d0d1e1dffc1d
e9bffc9347fc25fe13ff00a1a3c3bff83bd37ff926be11a28ff57287fd04d5ff00c0201fdb157fe7
cd3ffc0a5fd77fe96bf777fc25fe13ff00a1a3c3bff83bd37ff9268ff84bfc27ff004347877ff077
a6ff00f24d7c23451feae50ffa09abff0080403fb62aff00cf9a7ff814bfaeff00d2d7eeeff84bfc
27ff004347877ff077a6ff00f24d1ff097f84ffe868f0eff00e0ef4dff00e49af8468a3fd5ca1ff4
1357ff0000807f6c55ff009f34ff00f0297f5dff00a5afdddff097f84ffe868f0eff00e0ef4dff00
e49a3fe12ff09ffd0d1e1dff00c1de9bff00c935f08d147fab943fe826affe0100fed8abff003e69
ff00e052febbff004b5fbbbfe12ff09ffd0d1e1dff00c1de9bff00c934bff097f84f19ff00849fc3
b804027fb6b4dc0273819fb4f53838f5c1f4af842a41fea9ff00eba45ffa0cd49f0e515ff3135775
f621d5a41fdb157fe7cd3ffc0a5fd77fe96bf757fc25fe13ff00a1a3c3bff83bd37ff9268ff84bfc
27ff004347877ff077a6ff00f24d7c23453ff57287fd04d5ff00c0201fdb157fe7cd3ffc0a5fd77f
e96bf777fc25fe13ff00a1a3c3bff83bd37ff9268ff84bfc27ff004347877ff077a6ff00f24d7c23
451feae50ffa09abff0080403fb62aff00cf9a7ff814bfaeff00d2d7eeeff84bfc27ff004347877f
f077a6ff00f24d1ff097f84ffe868f0eff00e0ef4dff00e49af8468a3fd5ca1ff41357ff0000807f
6c55ff009f34ff00f0297f5dff00a5afdddff097f84ffe868f0eff00e0ef4dff00e49a3fe12ff09f
fd0d1e1dff00c1de9bff00c935f08d147fab943fe826affe0100fed8abff003e69ff00e052febbff
004b5fbbbfe12ff09ffd0d1e1dff00c1de9bff00c9347fc25fe13ffa1a3c3bff0083bd37ff00926b
e11a28ff0057287fd04d5ffc0201fdb157fe7cd3ff00c0a5fd77fe96bf777fc25fe13ffa1a3c3bff
0083bd37ff009268ff0084bfc27ff4347877ff00077a6fff0024d7c23451feae50ff00a09abff804
03fb62affcf9a7ff00814bfaeffd2d7eeeff0084bfc27ff4347877ff00077a6fff0024d1ff00097f
84ff00e868f0effe0ef4dffe49af8468a3fd5ca1ff0041357ff00807f6c55ff9f34fff000297f5df
fa5afdddff00097f84ff00e868f0effe0ef4dffe49adab5bbb4beb78eeec6e6def2d660c62b9b59a
3b8b79423b46e639a1678dc2ba3236d63b5d594e08207e7bd7da1f0b3fe442f0ff00fd73bfff00d3
adf579d99e554f0142156156751ceaaa6d4a31492709caf75d7ddb7ccecc163e78aab2a72a71828d
373bc5b7aa94236b3ff136767a97fc83afff00ebcaebff0044495f9f95fa07a97fc83aff00febcae
bff44495f9f95ddc37f062ff00c547f2aa73673be1fd2afe74c28a28afa63c40a28a2800a28a2800
a28a2800a28a2800a28a2800a28a2800a28a2800a28a2800a28a2800a28a2800a28a2800a28a2802
c5affac6ff00af7bbffd249aabd58b5ff58dff005ef77ffa493557a5d5fa2fce43e8bd5fe510a28a
298828a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a002a47fbb0ff00d733ff00
a365a8ea47fbb0ff00d733ff00a365a06b697a7ea88e8a28a0414514500145145001451450014514
50014514500145145001520ff54fff005d22ff00d066a8ea41fea9ff00eba45ffa0cd49edf38fe68
08e8a28a6014514500145145001451450014514500145145001451450015f687c2cff910bc3fff00
5cefff00f4eb7d5f17d7da1f0b3fe442f0ff00fd73bfff00d3adf5781c45fee747fec263ff00a6aa
9eae4ffef353febc4bff004e5237fc5926bd178635f93c2da4e9faef88d749befec4d1b55d665f0f
69ba9ea46ddc5a59df6b90e93aecba4db4f295496fa3d1b537b74264167391b0fe787fc207fb617f
d112f837ff008915ae7ff386a28af1f2bce6595c2ac2180c0e2dd59c64e78b78fe78a8ab28456171
d85872eb27ef4252bc9fbd6514bd1c765ab1d2a729633178754e324a187584e593934dca5f58c262
257d12f76518dbecdf50ff00840ff6c2ff00a225f06fff00122b5cff00e70d47fc207fb617fd112f
837ff8915ae7ff00386a28af53fd6dabff00426c9befce3ff9f1fd5df95b83fd5e87fd0cf33fbb2c
ff00e76ff577e563fe103fdb0bfe8897c1bffc48ad73ff009c351ff081fed85ff444be0dff00e245
6b9ffce1a8a28ff5b6affd09b26fbf38ff00e7c7f577e563fd5e87fd0cf33fbb2cff00e76ff577e5
63fe103fdb0bfe8897c1bffc48ad73ff009c351ff081fed85ff444be0dff00e2456b9ffce1a8a28f
f5b6affd09b26fbf38ff00e7c7f577e563fd5e87fd0cf33fbb2cff00e76ff577e563fe103fdb0bfe
8897c1bffc48ad73ff009c351ff081fed85ff444be0dff00e2456b9ffce1a8a28ff5b6affd09b26f
bf38ff00e7c7f577e563fd5e87fd0cf33fbb2cff00e76ff577e563fe103fdb0bfe8897c1bffc48ad
73ff009c351ff081fed85ff444be0dff00e2456b9ffce1a8a28ff5b6affd09b26fbf38ff00e7c7f5
77e563fd5e87fd0cf33fbb2cff00e76ff577e563fe103fdb0bfe8897c1bffc48ad73ff009c351ff0
81fed85ff444be0dff00e2456b9ffce1a8a28ff5b6affd09b26fbf38ff00e7c7f577e563fd5e87fd
0cf33fbb2cff00e76ff577e563fe103fdb0bfe8897c1bffc48ad73ff009c351ff081fed85ff444be
0dff00e2456b9ffce1a8a28ff5b6affd09b26fbf38ff00e7c7f577e563fd5e87fd0cf33fbb2cff00
e76ff577e563fe103fdb0bfe8897c1bffc48ad73ff009c351ff081fed85ff444be0dff00e2456b9f
fce1a8a28ff5b6affd09b26fbf38ff00e7c7f577e563fd5e87fd0cf33fbb2cff00e76ff577e563fe
103fdb0bfe8897c1bffc48ad73ff009c351ff081fed85ff444be0dff00e2456b9ffce1a8a28ff5b6
affd09b26fbf38ff00e7c7f577e563fd5e87fd0cf33fbb2cff00e76ff577e563fe103fdb0bfe8897
c1bffc48ad73ff009c351ff081fed85ff444be0dff00e2456b9ffce1a8a28ff5b6affd09b26fbf38
ff00e7c7f577e563fd5e87fd0cf33fbb2cff00e76ff577e563fe103fdb0bfe8897c1bffc48ad73ff
009c351ff081fed85ff444be0dff00e2456b9ffce1a8a28ff5b6affd09b26fbf38ff00e7c7f577e5
63fd5e87fd0cf33fbb2cff00e76ff577e563fe103fdb0bfe8897c1bffc48ad73ff009c351ff081fe
d85ff444be0dff00e2456b9ffce1a8a28ff5b6affd09b26fbf38ff00e7c7f577e563fd5e87fd0cf3
3fbb2cff00e76ff577e563fe103fdb0bfe8897c1bffc48ad73ff009c351ff081fed85ff444be0dff
00e2456b9ffce1a8a28ff5b6affd09b26fbf38ff00e7c7f577e563fd5e87fd0cf33fbb2cff00e76f
f577e56922f047ed811480b7c0ff00840eaf1dc4598bf689d618a34b6d3246ee25f8170fee848c8b
214324aaac5d2194aec31ffc207fb617fd112f837ff8915ae7ff00386a28a5feb6d5dffb1b26d92d
f39e9ff7581ffabf0ffa1a667f7659e5ff0052df2fc587fc207fb617fd112f837ff8915ae7ff0038
6a3fe103fdb0bfe8897c1bff00c48ad73ff9c351453ff5b6affd09b26fbf38ff00e7c7f577e565fe
af43fe86799fdd967ff3b7fabbf2b1ff00081fed85ff00444be0dffe2456b9ff00ce1a8ff840ff00
6c2ffa225f06ff00f122b5cffe70d45147fadb57fe84d937df9c7ff3e3fabbf2b1feaf43fe86799f
dd967ff3b7fabbf2b1ff00081fed85ff00444be0dffe2456b9ff00ce1a8ff840ff006c2ffa225f06
ff00f122b5cffe70d45147fadb57fe84d937df9c7ff3e3fabbf2b1feaf43fe86799fdd967ff3b7fa
bbf2b1ff00081fed85ff00444be0dffe2456b9ff00ce1a8ff840ff006c2ffa225f06ff00f122b5cf
fe70d45147fadb57fe84d937df9c7ff3e3fabbf2b1feaf43fe86799fdd967ff3b7fabbf2b1ff0008
1fed85ff00444be0dffe2456b9ff00ce1a8ff840ff006c2ffa225f06ff00f122b5cffe70d45147fa
db57fe84d937df9c7ff3e3fabbf2b1feaf43fe86799fdd967ff3b7fabbf2b1ff00081fed85ff0044
4be0dffe2456b9ff00ce1a8ff840ff006c2ffa225f06ff00f122b5cffe70d45147fadb57fe84d937
df9c7ff3e3fabbf2b1feaf43fe86799fdd967ff3b7fabbf2b1ff00081fed85ff00444be0dffe2456
b9ff00ce1a8ff840ff006c2ffa225f06ff00f122b5cffe70d45147fadb57fe84d937df9c7ff3e3fa
bbf2b1feaf43fe86799fdd967ff3b7fabbf2b1ff00081fed85ff00444be0dffe2456b9ff00ce1a8f
f840ff006c2ffa225f06ff00f122b5cffe70d45147fadb57fe84d937df9c7ff3e3fabbf2b1feaf43
fe86799fdd967ff3b7fabbf2b1ff00081fed85ff00444be0dffe2456b9ff00ce1a9ede06fdaf9e38
0afc10f842aea92a4c937ed0faba8575bab8086168be06ce25865b7f2675790412ab4ad0c90218b7
39452ff5b6affd09b27fbf38d7cbfe471f3d35f3b683ff0057e1ff00434ccf556db2cee9ff00d0b7
cbf17e5667fc207fb617fd112f837ff8915ae7ff00386a3fe103fdb0bfe8897c1bff00c48ad73ff9
c351453ff5b6affd09b26fbf38ff00e7c7f577e565feaf43fe86799fdd967ff3b7fabbf2b1ff0008
1fed85ff00444be0dffe2456b9ff00ce1a8ff840ff006c2ffa225f06ff00f122b5cffe70d45147fa
db57fe84d937df9c7ff3e3fabbf2b1feaf43fe86799fdd967ff3b7fabbf2b1ff00081fed85ff0044
4be0dffe2456b9ff00ce1a8ff840ff006c2ffa225f06ff00f122b5cffe70d45147fadb57fe84d937
df9c7ff3e3fabbf2b1feaf43fe86799fdd967ff3b7fabbf2b1ff00081fed85ff00444be0dffe2456
b9ff00ce1a8ff840ff006c2ffa225f06ff00f122b5cffe70d45147fadb57fe84d937df9c7ff3e3fa
bbf2b1feaf43fe86799fdd967ff3b7fabbf2b1ff00081fed85ff00444be0dffe2456b9ff00ce1a8f
f840ff006c2ffa225f06ff00f122b5cffe70d45147fadb57fe84d937df9c7ff3e3fabbf2b1feaf43
fe86799fdd967ff3b7fabbf2b1ff00081fed85ff00444be0dffe2456b9ff00ce1a8ff840ff006c2f
fa225f06ff00f122b5cffe70d45147fadb57fe84d937df9c7ff3e3fabbf2b1feaf43fe86799fdd96
7ff3b7fabbf2b1ff00081fed85ff00444be0dffe2456b9ff00ce1a8ff840ff006c2ffa225f06ff00
f122b5cffe70d45147fadb57fe84d937df9c7ff3e3fabbf2b1feaf43fe86799fdd967ff3b7fabbf2
b1ff00081fed85ff00444be0dffe2456b9ff00ce1a94781ff6c11ba26f81ff0007f0c9e6acabfb44
eb0621244e88219777c0b4954cb1cd2cb1bc714c80dbb24863324649452ff5b6affd09b26e9d739e
96ff00a9c797e2fcac7fabd0ff00a19e67f7659ffcedfeaefcac9ff081fed85ff444be0dff00e245
6b9ffce1a8ff00840ff6c2ff00a225f06fff00122b5cff00e70d4514ff00d6dabff426c9befce3ff
009f1fd5df958ff57a1ff433ccfeecb3ff009dbfd5df958ff840ff006c2ffa225f06ff00f122b5cf
fe70d47fc207fb617fd112f837ff008915ae7ff386a28a3fd6dabff426c9befce3ff009f1fd5df95
8ff57a1ff433ccfeecb3ff009dbfd5df958ff840ff006c2ffa225f06ff00f122b5cffe70d47fc207
fb617fd112f837ff008915ae7ff386a28a3fd6dabff426c9befce3ff009f1fd5df958ff57a1ff433
ccfeecb3ff009dbfd5df958ff840ff006c2ffa225f06ff00f122b5cffe70d47fc207fb617fd112f8
37ff008915ae7ff386a28a3fd6dabff426c9befce3ff009f1fd5df958ff57a1ff433ccfeecb3ff00
9dbfd5df958ff840ff006c2ffa225f06ff00f122b5cffe70d47fc207fb617fd112f837ff008915ae
7ff386a28a3fd6dabff426c9befce3ff009f1fd5df958ff57a1ff433ccfeecb3ff009dbfd5df958f
f840ff006c2ffa225f06ff00f122b5cffe70d47fc207fb617fd112f837ff008915ae7ff386a28a3f
d6dabff426c9befce3ff009f1fd5df958ff57a1ff433ccfeecb3ff009dbfd5df958ff840ff006c2f
fa225f06ff00f122b5cffe70d47fc207fb617fd112f837ff008915ae7ff386a28a3fd6dabff426c9
befce3ff009f1fd5df958ff57a1ff433ccfeecb3ff009dbfd5df958ff840ff006c2ffa225f06ff00
f122b5cffe70d5f74fc23b1f1769bf0efc3765e3bd1747f0f78ae08b511abe8fa0f8867f1569364e
fabea12da2d9ebf73a1786a6d4166b07b5b8959f44b1fb3dc4d2da2aceb02dccc515e6e679e4f33a
10a12cbf018550aaaafb4c2bc7fb493509c3925f5ac7e2a9f23e7e67cb4e33e68c6d351e68cbb703
95c70356555633198872a6e9f262160f915e509732fabe130f3e65c96579b8da52bc5be571ffd9}}
}}}
{\shp
ffd8ffe000104a46494600010101006000600000ffdb004300010101010101010101010101010101
01010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
010101010101010101ffdb0043010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101ffc0
0011080027027c03012200021101031101ffc4001f00000105010101010101000000000000000001
02030405060708090a0bffc400b5100002010303020403050504040000017d010203000411051221
31410613516107227114328191a1082342b1c11552d1f02433627282090a161718191a2526272829
2a3435363738393a434445464748494a535455565758595a636465666768696a737475767778797a
0101010101010101010000000000000102030405060708090a0bffc400b511000201020404030407
05040400010277000102031104052131061241510761711322328108144291a1b1c109233352f015
6272d10a162434e125f11718191a262728292a35363738393a434445464748494a53545556575859
5a636465666768696a737475767778797a82838485868788898a92939495969798999aa2a3a4a5a6
f2f3f4f5f6f7f8f9faffda000c03010002110311003f00fefcae2e2ded2196e6ea786dade14324d7
1712a430c48bd5e5964658e341dd9d801dcd61ff00c25fe13ffa1a3c3bff0083bd37ff00926a978f
ff00e44bf12ffd82ae7ff4115f0f57b5966554f1f4aa549d59d370a9c89463169ae552bbbfad8f33
1d8e9e12a4211a719a94399b9369af79ab69e4bf1fbfeeeff84bfc27ff004347877ff077a6ff00f2
4d1ff097f84ffe868f0eff00e0ef4dff00e49af8468af4ff00d5ca1ff41357ff000081c5fdb157fe
7cd3ff00c0a5fd77fe96bf777fc25fe13ffa1a3c3bff0083bd37ff009268ff0084bfc27ff4347877
ff00077a6fff0024d7c23451feae50ff00a09abff80403fb62affcf9a7ff00814bfaeffd2d7eeeff
0084bfc27ff4347877ff00077a6fff0024d1ff00097f84ff00e868f0effe0ef4dffe49af8468a3fd
5ca1ff0041357ff00807f6c55ff9f34fff000297f5dffa5afdddff00097f84ff00e868f0effe0ef4
dffe49a3fe12ff0009ff00d0d1e1dffc1de9bffc935f08d147fab943fe826aff00e0100fed8abff3
e69ffe052febbff4b5fbbbfe12ff0009ff00d0d1e1dffc1de9bffc9347fc25fe13ff00a1a3c3bff8
3bd37ff926be11a28ff57287fd04d5ff00c0201fdb157fe7cd3ffc0a5fd77fe96bf777fc25fe13ff
00a1a3c3bff83bd37ff9268ff84bfc27ff004347877ff077a6ff00f24d7c23451feae50ffa09abff
0080403fb62aff00cf9a7ff814bfaeff00d2d7eeeff84bfc27ff004347877ff077a6ff00f24d1ff0
97f84ffe868f0eff00e0ef4dff00e49af8468a3fd5ca1ff41357ff0000807f6c55ff009f34ff00f0
297f5dff00a5afdddff097f84ffe868f0eff00e0ef4dff00e49a3fe12ff09ffd0d1e1dff00c1de9b
ff00c935f08d147fab943fe826affe0100fed8abff003e69ff00e052febbff004b5fbbbfe12ff09f
fd0d1e1dff00c1de9bff00c9347fc25fe13ffa1a3c3bff0083bd37ff00926be11a28ff0057287fd0
4d5ffc0201fdb157fe7cd3ff00c0a5fd77fe96bf777fc25fe13ffa1a3c3bff0083bd37ff009268ff
0084bfc27ff4347877ff00077a6fff0024d7c23451feae50ff00a09abff80403fb62affcf9a7ff00
814bfaeffd2d7eeeff0084bfc27ff4347877ff00077a6fff0024d1ff00097f84ff00e868f0effe0e
f4dffe49af8468a3fd5ca1ff0041357ff00807f6c55ff9f34fff000297f5dffa5afdddff00097f84
ff00e868f0effe0ef4dffe49a3fe12ff0009ff00d0d1e1dffc1de9bffc935f08d147fab943fe826a
ff00e0100fed8abff3e69ffe052febbff4b5fbbbfe12ff0009ff00d0d1e1dffc1de9bffc9347fc25
fe13ff00a1a3c3bff83bd37ff926be11a28ff57287fd04d5ff00c0201fdb157fe7cd3ffc0a5fd77f
e96bf778f177850824789fc3c428cb11ad69a428c85c9ff49e06e655c9e3240ea4527fc25fe13ffa
1a3c3bff0083bd37ff00926be1987fd5ddff00d7baff00e95dad57a4b8768b72ff0069aba3b7c10e
c9fea3fed8a9a7ee61aafe6977b7e9f8f96bf777fc25fe13ff00a1a3c3bff83bd37ff9268ff84bfc
27ff004347877ff077a6ff00f24d7c23453ff57287fd04d5ff00c0202fed8abff3e69ffe052febbf
f4b5fbbbfe12ff0009ff00d0d1e1dffc1de9bffc9347fc25fe13ff00a1a3c3bff83bd37ff926be11
a28ff57287fd04d5ff00c0201fdb157fe7cd3ffc0a5fd77fe96bf777fc25fe13ff00a1a3c3bff83b
d37ff9268ff84bfc27ff004347877ff077a6ff00f24d7c23451feae50ffa09abff0080403fb62aff
00cf9a7ff814bfaeff00d2d7eeeff84bfc27ff004347877ff077a6ff00f24d1ff097f84ffe868f0e
ff00e0ef4dff00e49af8468a3fd5ca1ff41357ff0000807f6c55ff009f34ff00f0297f5dff00a5af
dddff097f84ffe868f0eff00e0ef4dff00e49a3fe12ff09ffd0d1e1dff00c1de9bff00c935f08d14
7fab943fe826affe0100fed8abff003e69ff00e052febbff004b5fbbbfe12ff09ffd0d1e1dff00c1
de9bff00c9347fc25fe13ffa1a3c3bff0083bd37ff00926be11a28ff0057287fd04d5ffc0201fdb1
57fe7cd3ff00c0a5fd77fe96bf777fc25fe13ffa1a3c3bff0083bd37ff009268ff0084bfc27ff434
7877ff00077a6fff0024d7c23451feae50ff00a09abff80403fb62affcf9a7ff00814bfaeffd2d7e
eeff0084bfc27ff4347877ff00077a6fff0024d1ff00097f84ff00e868f0effe0ef4dffe49af8468
a3fd5ca1ff0041357ff00807f6c55ff9f34fff000297f5dffa5afdddff00097f84ff00e868f0effe
0ef4dffe49a53e2ff098ebe27f0e8e01e75ad34704641ff8f9e841047a839af842a497ef0ffae70f
fe8a4a3fd5da17b7d66aecdfc10e96ff0031ff006cd4ff009f30ff00c0a47dd5ff00097f84ff00e8
68f0effe0ef4dffe49a3fe12ff0009ff00d0d1e1dffc1de9bffc935f08d147fab943fe826aff00e0
1017f6c55ff9f34fff000297f5dffa5afdddff00097f84ff00e868f0effe0ef4dffe49a3fe12ff00
09ff00d0d1e1dffc1de9bffc935f08d147fab943fe826aff00e0100fed8abff3e69ffe052febbff4
b5fbbbfe12ff0009ff00d0d1e1dffc1de9bffc9347fc25fe13ff00a1a3c3bff83bd37ff926be11a2
8ff57287fd04d5ff00c0201fdb157fe7cd3ffc0a5fd77fe96bf777fc25fe13ff00a1a3c3bff83bd3
7ff9268ff84bfc27ff004347877ff077a6ff00f24d7c23451feae50ffa09abff0080403fb62aff00
cf9a7ff814bfaeff00d2d7eeeff84bfc27ff004347877ff077a6ff00f24d1ff097f84ffe868f0eff
00e0ef4dff00e49af8468a3fd5ca1ff41357ff0000807f6c55ff009f34ff00f0297f5dff00a5afdd
dff097f84ffe868f0eff00e0ef4dff00e49a3fe12ff09ffd0d1e1dff00c1de9bff00c935f08d147f
ab943fe826affe0100fed8abff003e69ff00e052febbff004b5fbbbfe12ff09ffd0d1e1dff00c1de
9bff00c9347fc25fe13ffa1a3c3bff0083bd37ff00926be11a28ff0057287fd04d5ffc0201fdb157
fe7cd3ff00c0a5fd77fe96bf777fc25fe13ffa1a3c3bff0083bd37ff0092697fe12ff09e33ff0009
3f87704900ff006d69b82463233f69ea3233e991eb5f085487fd527fd7497ff41868ff00576869fe
d357576f821d9bfd03fb62affcf9a7ff00814bfaeffd2d7eeaff0084bfc27ff4347877ff00077a6f
ff0024d1ff00097f84ff00e868f0effe0ef4dffe49af8468a3fd5ca1ff0041357ff00807f6c55ff9
f34fff000297f5dffa5afdddff00097f84ff00e868f0effe0ef4dffe49a3fe12ff0009ff00d0d1e1
dffc1de9bffc935f08d147fab943fe826aff00e0100fed8abff3e69ffe052febbff4b5fbbbfe12ff
0009ff00d0d1e1dffc1de9bffc9347fc25fe13ff00a1a3c3bff83bd37ff926be11a28ff57287fd04
d5ff00c0201fdb157fe7cd3ffc0a5fd77fe96bf777fc25fe13ff00a1a3c3bff83bd37ff9268ff84b
fc27ff004347877ff077a6ff00f24d7c23451feae50ffa09abff0080403fb62aff00cf9a7ff814bf
aeff00d2d7eeeff84bfc27ff004347877ff077a6ff00f24d1ff097f84ffe868f0eff00e0ef4dff00
e49af8468a3fd5ca1ff41357ff0000807f6c55ff009f34ff00f0297f5dff00a5afdddff097f84ffe
868f0eff00e0ef4dff00e49a3fe12ff09ffd0d1e1dff00c1de9bff00c935f08d147fab943fe826af
fe0100fed8abff003e69ff00e052febbff004b5fbbbfe12ff09ffd0d1e1dff00c1de9bff00c9347f
c25fe13ffa1a3c3bff0083bd37ff00926be11a28ff0057287fd04d5ffc0201fdb157fe7cd3ff00c0
a5fd77fe96bf777fc25fe13ffa1a3c3bff0083bd37ff00926b7a29629e28e78248e68668d2586689
d648a58a450f1c91c884a491c884323a92aca432920835f9e75f797857fe458f0e7fd80747ff00d3
7dbd7979a6594f010a528559d4f692945a9462adca93bab7a9dd81c74f172a9194230e48a778b6ef
776ebe86778fff00e44bf12ffd82ae7ff4115f0f57dc3e3fff00912fc4bff60ab9ff00d0457c3d5e
b70eff00bb57ff00afff00fb8e070671fc7a5ff5ebff006f90514515f42790145145001451450014
51450014514500145145001451450014514500145145001451450014514500145145001451450058
87fd5ddffd7baffe95dad57ab10ffabbbffaf75ffd2bb5aaf531de7fe25ffa4446f68fa7eac28a28
aa10514514005145140051451400514514005145140051451400514514005492fde1ff005ce1ff00
d14951d492fde1ff005ce1ff00d1494baaf47f9c408e8a28a6014514500145145001451450014514
50014514500145145001521ff549ff005d25ff00d061a8ea43fea93feba4bffa0c349ef1f5fd1811
d14514c028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a002bef2f0aff00c8b1e1cffb00
e8ff00fa6fb7af836bef2f0aff00c8b1e1cffb00e8ff00fa6fb7af9be23fe1617febe54ffd2627b3
937f12bff821ff00a532c6bba52eb9a3ea3a43ccd6eba85ac96cd3aa091a2120c17119640e47a165
cfad78a3fc06b623e4f134ead9eafa546e31dfe517f19cfbeee3d0d1457cf61f1f8bc24650c3d574
e3297349725395e564afefc25d1256dbc8f5eb6168621a956a7ced2e54f9a71b2bdedeeca3d5917f
c2844ffa1a9bff000483ff0096d47fc2844ffa1a9bff000483ff0096d4515d3fdb3997fd04bffc15
43ff0095797e7dd98ff66e0bfe7cff00e54abffcb03fe14227fd0d4dff008241ff00cb6a3fe14227
fd0d4dff008241ff00cb6a28a3fb6732ff00a097ff0082a87ff2af2fcfbb0fecdc17fcf9ff00ca95
7ff9607fc2844ffa1a9bff000483ff0096d47fc2844ffa1a9bff000483ff0096d45147f6ce65ff00
412fff000550ff00e55e5f9f761fd9b82ff9f3ff00952aff00f2c0ff0085089ff43537fe0907ff00
2da8ff0085089ff43537fe0907ff002da8a28fed9ccbfe825ffe0aa1ff00cabcbf3eec3fb3705ff3
e7ff002a55ff00e581ff000a113fe86a6ffc120ffe5b51ff000a113fe86a6ffc120ffe5b51451fdb
3997fd04bffc1543ff0095797e7dd87f66e0bfe7cffe54abff00cb03fe14227fd0d4dff8241ffcb6
a3fe14227fd0d4dff8241ffcb6a28a3fb6732ffa097ff82a87ff002af2fcfbb0fecdc17fcf9ffca9
57ff009607fc2844ff00a1a9bff0483ff96d47fc2844ff00a1a9bff0483ff96d45147f6ce65ff412
ff00f0550ffe55e5f9f761fd9b82ff009f3ff952afff002c0ff85089ff0043537fe0907ff2da8ff8
5089ff0043537fe0907ff2da8a28fed9ccbfe825ff00e0aa1ffcabcbf3eec3fb3705ff003e7ff2a5
5ffe581ff0a113fe86a6ff00c120ff00e5b51ff0a113fe86a6ff00c120ff00e5b51451fdb3997fd0
4bff00c1543ff95797e7dd87f66e0bfe7cff00e54abffcb03fe14227fd0d4dff008241ff00cb6a3f
e14227fd0d4dff008241ff00cb6a28a3fb6732ff00a097ff0082a87ff2af2fcfbb0fecdc17fcf9ff
00ca957ff9607fc2844ffa1a9bff000483ff0096d47fc2844ffa1a9bff000483ff0096d45147f6ce
65ff00412fff000550ff00e55e5f9f761fd9b82ff9f3ff00952aff00f2c0ff0085089ff43537fe09
07ff002da8ff0085089ff43537fe0907ff002da8a28fed9ccbfe825ffe0aa1ff00cabcbf3eec3fb3
705ff3e7ff002a55ff00e581ff000a113fe86a6ffc120ffe5b52afc058c11bbc52e573c85d195491
ecc754600fb953f4a28a5fdb3997fd04bffc1543ff0095797f5761fd9b82ff009f3ff952afff002c
2d27c0ab445954788ee4f9b188c9fecd8b80258e5c8ff4ceb98c0fa13503fc05b738f2fc4f32f5ce
fd2524cfa636ea31e3df39cfb51450b38cc97fcc4bd5ddfeea86fa2ff9f7d921ff006760dffcb95f
f81d5ffe4c8ffe14227fd0d4dff8241ffcb6a3fe14227fd0d4dff8241ffcb6a28a7fdb3997fd04bf
fc1543ff0095797e7dd8bfb3705ff3e7ff002a55ff00e581ff000a113fe86a6ffc120ffe5b51ff00
0a113fe86a6ffc120ffe5b51451fdb3997fd04bffc1543ff0095797e7dd87f66e0bfe7cffe54abff
00cb03fe14227fd0d4dff8241ffcb6a3fe14227fd0d4dff8241ffcb6a28a3fb6732ffa097ff82a87
ff002af2fcfbb0fecdc17fcf9ffca957ff009607fc2844ff00a1a9bff0483ff96d47fc2844ff00a1
a9bff0483ff96d45147f6ce65ff412ff00f0550ffe55e5f9f761fd9b82ff009f3ff952afff002c0f
f85089ff0043537fe0907ff2da8ff85089ff0043537fe0907ff2da8a28fed9ccbfe825ff00e0aa1f
fcabcbf3eec3fb3705ff003e7ff2a55ffe581ff0a113fe86a6ff00c120ff00e5b51ff0a113fe86a6
ff00c120ff00e5b51451fdb3997fd04bff00c1543ff95797e7dd87f66e0bfe7cff00e54abffcb03f
e14227fd0d4dff008241ff00cb6a3fe14227fd0d4dff008241ff00cb6a28a3fb6732ff00a097ff00
82a87ff2af2fcfbb0fecdc17fcf9ff00ca957ff9607fc2844ffa1a9bff000483ff0096d47fc2844f
fa1a9bff000483ff0096d45147f6ce65ff00412fff000550ff00e55e5f9f761fd9b82ff9f3ff0095
2aff00f2c255f80d6c17e7f134ecdce4ae951a2fb7ca6fdc8e3afcc73edd2a46f81168c73ff0925c
8f9557fe41b17f0a8507fe3f3be3268a297f6c665ff412ff00f0551ffe57e43fecec17fcf85ff81d
4ffe4cadff000a113fe86a6ffc120ffe5b51ff000a113fe86a6ffc120ffe5b51453fed9ccbfe825f
fe0aa1ff00cabcbf3eec5fd9b82ff9f3ff00952aff00f2c0ff0085089ff43537fe0907ff002da8ff
0085089ff43537fe0907ff002da8a28fed9ccbfe825ffe0aa1ff00cabcbf3eec3fb3705ff3e7ff00
2a55ff00e581ff000a113fe86a6ffc120ffe5b51ff000a113fe86a6ffc120ffe5b51451fdb3997fd
04bffc1543ff0095797e7dd87f66e0bfe7cffe54abff00cb03fe14227fd0d4dff8241ffcb6a3fe14
227fd0d4dff8241ffcb6a28a3fb6732ffa097ff82a87ff002af2fcfbb0fecdc17fcf9ffca957ff00
9607fc2844ff00a1a9bff0483ff96d47fc2844ff00a1a9bff0483ff96d45147f6ce65ff412ff00f0
550ffe55e5f9f761fd9b82ff009f3ff952afff002c0ff85089ff0043537fe0907ff2da8ff85089ff
0043537fe0907ff2da8a28fed9ccbfe825ff00e0aa1ffcabcbf3eec3fb3705ff003e7ff2a55ffe58
1ff0a113fe86a6ff00c120ff00e5b51ff0a113fe86a6ff00c120ff00e5b51451fdb3997fd04bff00
c1543ff95797e7dd87f66e0bfe7cff00e54abffcb07a7c058413e678a25618e02690919cfa92da94
808c678c0f5cf18331f81169b42ffc2497380ccd9fecd8bf8828c7fc7e76da3f3a28a5fdb1997fd0
4bd3fe9d51ed6ff9f63fecec12ff00970bff0003aaff0039903fc05889f93c5122afa3e8eae73dfe
61a9c63f0dbc7a9a6ffc2844ff00a1a9bff0483ff96d45147f6ce65ff412ff00f0550ffe55fd7cd8
bfb3705ff3e7ff002a55ff00e581ff000a113fe86a6ffc120ffe5b51ff000a113fe86a6ffc120ffe
5b51453fed9ccbfe825ffe0aa1ff00cabcbf3eec3fb3705ff3e7ff002a55ff00e581ff000a113fe8
6a6ffc120ffe5b51ff000a113fe86a6ffc120ffe5b51451fdb3997fd04bffc1543ff0095797e7dd8
7f66e0bfe7cffe54abff00cb03fe14227fd0d4dff8241ffcb6a3fe14227fd0d4dff8241ffcb6a28a
3fb6732ffa097ff82a87ff002af2fcfbb0fecdc17fcf9ffca957ff009607fc2844ff00a1a9bff048
3ff96d47fc2844ff00a1a9bff0483ff96d45147f6ce65ff412ff00f0550ffe55e5f9f761fd9b82ff
009f3ff952afff002c0ff85089ff0043537fe0907ff2da8ff85089ff0043537fe0907ff2da8a28fe
d9ccbfe825ff00e0aa1ffcabcbf3eec3fb3705ff003e7ff2a55ffe581ff0a113fe86a6ff00c120ff
00e5b51ff0a113fe86a6ff00c120ff00e5b51451fdb3997fd04bff00c1543ff95797e7dd87f66e0b
fe7cff00e54abffcb0957e035a851bfc4d3b3772ba5c68a79e30a6f9c8e31d58f3cf1d07b9e99643
4dd374fd3964332e9f636964b295086516b6f1c024280b052e23dc543305271938cd14572e231b8a
c5a8c71155d4506dc53842366d24dfb918df44b7bf91bd1c2d0c3b6e8d3e4724937cd395d2dbe293
ff0033ffd9}}}}}
{\shp
ffd8ffe000104a46494600010101006000600000ffdb004300010101010101010101010101010101
01010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
010101010101010101ffdb0043010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101ffc0
0011080027027c03012200021101031101ffc4001f00000105010101010101000000000000000001
02030405060708090a0bffc400b5100002010303020403050504040000017d010203000411051221
31410613516107227114328191a1082342b1c11552d1f02433627282090a161718191a2526272829
2a3435363738393a434445464748494a535455565758595a636465666768696a737475767778797a
0101010101010101010000000000000102030405060708090a0bffc400b511000201020404030407
05040400010277000102031104052131061241510761711322328108144291a1b1c109233352f015
6272d10a162434e125f11718191a262728292a35363738393a434445464748494a53545556575859
5a636465666768696a737475767778797a82838485868788898a92939495969798999aa2a3a4a5a6
f2f3f4f5f6f7f8f9faffda000c03010002110311003f00fefc6eaeadecade6bbbb9e2b6b6b74324f
3cce238a28d7ef3c8ec42aa8ee49c0ae69fc77e0d41b8f897472338f92f6290f3feca166c7be303b
d33c7fff00225f897fec1573ff00a08af87abdbcaf2ba58fa552a54a9520e153912828d9ae58caef
993ef63ccc763aa616a42108424a50e6bcb9ae9f335d1ad2c8fb7ffe160f82bfe864d33feff1ff00
e268ff008583e0affa1934cffbfc7ff89af8828af53fd5dc37fcff00afff0094ff00f90387fb62bf
fcfaa5ff0093ff00f247dbff00f0b07c15ff00432699ff007f8fff001347fc2c1f057fd0c9a67fdf
e3ff00c4d7c41451feaee1bfe7fd7ffca7ff00c807f6c57ff9f54bff0027ff00e48fb7ff00e160f8
2bfe864d33feff001ffe268ff8583e0aff00a1934cff00bfc7ff0089af8828a3fd5dc37fcffaff00
f94fff00900fed8aff00f3ea97fe4fff00c91f6fff00c2c1f057fd0c9a67fdfe3ffc4d1ff0b07c15
ff00432699ff007f8fff00135f105147fabb86ff009ff5ff00f29fff00201fdb15ff00e7d52ffc9f
ff00923edfff008583e0affa1934cffbfc7ff89a3fe160f82bfe864d33feff001ffe26be20a28ff5
770dff003febff00e53ffe403fb62bff00cfaa5ff93fff00247dbfff000b07c15ff432699ff7f8ff
00f1347fc2c1f057fd0c9a67fdfe3ffc4d7c41451feaee1bfe7fd7ff00ca7ffc807f6c57ff009f54
bff27ffe48fb7ffe160f82bfe864d33feff1ff00e268ff008583e0affa1934cffbfc7ff89af8828a
3fd5dc37fcff00afff0094ff00f900fed8afff003ea97fe4ff00fc91f6ff00fc2c1f057fd0c9a67f
dfe3ff00c4d1ff000b07c15ff432699ff7f8ff00f135f105147fabb86ff9ff005fff0029ff00f201
fdb15ffe7d52ff00c9ff00f923edff00f8583e0aff00a1934cff00bfc7ff0089a3fe160f82bfe864
d33feff1ff00e26be20a28ff005770dff3febffe53ff00e403fb62bffcfaa5ff0093ff00f247dbff
00f0b07c15ff00432699ff007f8fff001347fc2c1f057fd0c9a67fdfe3ff00c4d7c41451feaee1bf
e7fd7ffca7ff00c807f6c57ff9f54bff0027ff00e48fb7ff00e160f82bfe864d33feff001ffe268f
f8583e0aff00a1934cff00bfc7ff0089af8828a3fd5dc37fcffaff00f94fff00900fed8aff00f3ea
97fe4fff00c91f6fff00c2c1f057fd0c9a67fdfe3ffc4d1ff0b07c15ff00432699ff007f8fff0013
5f105147fabb86ff009ff5ff00f29fff00201fdb15ff00e7d52ffc9fff00923edfff008583e0affa
1934cffbfc7ff89a55f881e0b621478934bc9381bae368fc5994281ee4803b9af87e8a3fd5dc37fc
ff00afff0094ff00f900fed8adff003ea97fe4ff00fc91f738f1bf83c8247897462146588bf80851
90b93f3f03732ae4f19207522a37f1e78323c6ef12e90739c6cbb8e4e9ebe596c7e38cf6af8921ff
005777ff005eebff00a576b55e92e1dc3372bd7afa3b6d4ff962ff0097cdfe1f36f38ad65fbaa5aa
ef2ef6efe5fd5b5fb7ff00e160f82bfe864d33feff001ffe268ff8583e0aff00a1934cff00bfc7ff
0089af8828a7feaee1bfe7fd7ffca7ff00c80bfb62bffcfaa5ff0093ff00f247dbff00f0b07c15ff
00432699ff007f8fff001347fc2c1f057fd0c9a67fdfe3ff00c4d7c41451feaee1bfe7fd7ffca7ff
00c807f6c57ff9f54bff0027ff00e48fb7ff00e160f82bfe864d33feff001ffe268ff8583e0aff00
a1934cff00bfc7ff0089af8828a3fd5dc37fcffaff00f94fff00900fed8aff00f3ea97fe4fff00c9
1f6fff00c2c1f057fd0c9a67fdfe3ffc4d1ff0b07c15ff00432699ff007f8fff00135f105147fabb
86ff009ff5ff00f29fff00201fdb15ff00e7d52ffc9fff00923edfff008583e0affa1934cffbfc7f
f89a3fe160f82bfe864d33feff001ffe26be20a28ff5770dff003febff00e53ffe403fb62bff00cf
aa5ff93fff00247dbfff000b07c15ff432699ff7f8ff00f1347fc2c1f057fd0c9a67fdfe3ffc4d7c
41451feaee1bfe7fd7ff00ca7ffc807f6c57ff009f54bff27ffe48fb7ffe160f82bfe864d33feff1
ff00e268ff008583e0affa1934cffbfc7ff89af8828a3fd5dc37fcff00afff0094ff00f900fed8af
ff003ea97fe4ff00fc91f6ff00fc2c1f057fd0c9a67fdfe3ff00c4d1ff000b07c15ff432699ff7f8
ff00f135f105147fabb86ff9ff005fff0029ff00f201fdb15ffe7d52ff00c9ff00f923ee45f1df83
5d770f12e8e01cfdfbd891b8f5576561ed91cf51c538f8e3c1e3af897461c679bf83382320e37e70
4608f50411c1af866a497ef0ff00ae70ff00e8a4a5feaee1af6f6f5fabda9f4b7f77cd8ffb62b7fc
f9a7f7cbfccfb6ff00e160f82bfe864d33feff001ffe268ff8583e0aff00a1934cff00bfc7ff0089
af8828a7feaee1bfe7fd7ffca7ff00c80bfb62bffcfaa5ff0093ff00f247dbff00f0b07c15ff0043
2699ff007f8fff001347fc2c1f057fd0c9a67fdfe3ff00c4d7c41451feaee1bfe7fd7ffca7ff00c8
07f6c57ff9f54bff0027ff00e48fb7ff00e160f82bfe864d33feff001ffe268ff8583e0aff00a193
4cff00bfc7ff0089af8828a3fd5dc37fcffaff00f94fff00900fed8aff00f3ea97fe4fff00c91f6f
ff00c2c1f057fd0c9a67fdfe3ffc4d1ff0b07c15ff00432699ff007f8fff00135f105147fabb86ff
009ff5ff00f29fff00201fdb15ff00e7d52ffc9fff00923edfff008583e0affa1934cffbfc7ff89a
3fe160f82bfe864d33feff001ffe26be20a28ff5770dff003febff00e53ffe403fb62bff00cfaa5f
f93fff00247dbfff000b07c15ff432699ff7f8ff00f1347fc2c1f057fd0c9a67fdfe3ffc4d7c4145
1feaee1bfe7fd7ff00ca7ffc807f6c57ff009f54bff27ffe48fb7ffe160f82bfe864d33feff1ff00
e268ff008583e0affa1934cffbfc7ff89af8828a3fd5dc37fcff00afff0094ff00f900fed8afff00
3ea97fe4ff00fc91f71278fbc1921217c4ba482067e7ba58c7a7064da09e7a039ef8c03527fc271e
0fc67fe125d1b07201fb7dbe0918c8077e0919191db233d457c33521ff00549ff5d25ffd061a4f87
70da7efebeafb53ecdff002f907f6c56ff009f54bef9ff009faff5bfdbafe3ef0621da7c49a513d7
e4b959073fed2065fa8ce477a6ff00c2c1f057fd0c9a67fdfe3ffc4d7c41453ff5770dff003febff
00e53ffe443fb62bff00cfaa5ff93fff00247dbfff000b07c15ff432699ff7f8ff00f1347fc2c1f0
57fd0c9a67fdfe3ffc4d7c41451feaee1bfe7fd7ff00ca7ffc807f6c57ff009f54bff27ffe48fb7f
fe160f82bfe864d33feff1ff00e268ff008583e0affa1934cffbfc7ff89af8828a3fd5dc37fcff00
afff0094ff00f900fed8afff003ea97fe4ff00fc91f6ff00fc2c1f057fd0c9a67fdfe3ff00c4d1ff
000b07c15ff432699ff7f8ff00f135f105147fabb86ff9ff005fff0029ff00f201fdb15ffe7d52ff
00c9ff00f923edff00f8583e0aff00a1934cff00bfc7ff0089a3fe160f82bfe864d33feff1ff00e2
6be20a28ff005770dff3febffe53ff00e403fb62bffcfaa5ff0093ff00f247dbff00f0b07c15ff00
432699ff007f8fff001347fc2c1f057fd0c9a67fdfe3ff00c4d7c41451feaee1bfe7fd7ffca7ff00
c807f6c57ff9f54bff0027ff00e48fb7ff00e160f82bfe864d33feff001ffe268ff8583e0aff00a1
934cff00bfc7ff0089af8828a3fd5dc37fcffaff00f94fff00900fed8aff00f3ea97fe4fff00c91f
722f8efc1aea1878974700f4dd7b0a375c72aecac3f1032391c115d3c1343730c3716f224d05c451
cd0cb1b068e5865412472230e191d1959587054822bf3d2bef2f0aff00c8b1e1cffb00e8ff00fa6f
b7af2b35cb2960214654ea549fb494a2d4f9745149ab72a5ddff005bf7e071b3c5caa46708479231
69c6fadddb5bb7d8cef1ff00fc897e25ff00b055cffe822be1eafb87c7ff00f225f897fec1573ffa
08af87abd5e1dff76aff00f5ff00ff0071c0e0ce3f8f4bfebd7fedf20a28a2be84f2028a28a0028a
28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
28a00b10ff00abbbff00af75ff00d2bb5aaf5621ff005777ff005eebff00a576b55ea63bcffc4bff
004888ded1f4fd58514515420a28a2800a28a2800a28a2800a28a2800a28a2800a28a2800a28a280
0a925fbc3feb9c3ffa292a3a925fbc3feb9c3ffa2929755e8ff38811d14514c028a28a0028a28a00
28a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a002a43fea93feba4bffa0c351d487fd527fd7497ff00418693
de3ebfa3023a28a298051451400514514005145140051451400514514005145140057de5e15ff916
3c39ff00601d1fff004df6f5f06d7de5e15ff9163c39ff00601d1fff004df6f5f37c47fc2c2ffd7c
a9ff00a4c4f6726fe257ff00043ff4a658d774a5d7347d4748799add750b592d9a7541234424182e
232c81c8f42cb9f5af147f80d6c47c9e269d5b3d5f4a8dc63bfca2fe339f7ddc7a1a28af9ec3e3f1
7848ca187aae9c652e692e4a72bcac95fdf84ba24adb791ebd6c2d0c4352ad4f9da5ca9f34e3657b
dbdd947ab22ff85089ff0043537fe0907ff2da8ff85089ff0043537fe0907ff2da8a2ba7fb6732ff
00a097ff0082a87ff2af2fcfbb31fecdc17fcf9ffca957ff009607fc2844ff00a1a9bff0483ff96d
47fc2844ff00a1a9bff0483ff96d45147f6ce65ff412ff00f0550ffe55e5f9f761fd9b82ff009f3f
f952afff002c0ff85089ff0043537fe0907ff2da8ff85089ff0043537fe0907ff2da8a28fed9ccbf
e825ff00e0aa1ffcabcbf3eec3fb3705ff003e7ff2a55ffe581ff0a113fe86a6ff00c120ff00e5b5
1ff0a113fe86a6ff00c120ff00e5b51451fdb3997fd04bff00c1543ff95797e7dd87f66e0bfe7cff
00e54abffcb03fe14227fd0d4dff008241ff00cb6a3fe14227fd0d4dff008241ff00cb6a28a3fb67
32ff00a097ff0082a87ff2af2fcfbb0fecdc17fcf9ff00ca957ff9607fc2844ffa1a9bff000483ff
0096d47fc2844ffa1a9bff000483ff0096d45147f6ce65ff00412fff000550ff00e55e5f9f761fd9
b82ff9f3ff00952aff00f2c0ff0085089ff43537fe0907ff002da8ff0085089ff43537fe0907ff00
2da8a28fed9ccbfe825ffe0aa1ff00cabcbf3eec3fb3705ff3e7ff002a55ff00e581ff000a113fe8
6a6ffc120ffe5b51ff000a113fe86a6ffc120ffe5b51451fdb3997fd04bffc1543ff0095797e7dd8
7f66e0bfe7cffe54abff00cb03fe14227fd0d4dff8241ffcb6a3fe14227fd0d4dff8241ffcb6a28a
3fb6732ffa097ff82a87ff002af2fcfbb0fecdc17fcf9ffca957ff009607fc2844ff00a1a9bff048
3ff96d47fc2844ff00a1a9bff0483ff96d45147f6ce65ff412ff00f0550ffe55e5f9f761fd9b82ff
009f3ff952afff002c0ff85089ff0043537fe0907ff2da8ff85089ff0043537fe0907ff2da8a28fe
d9ccbfe825ff00e0aa1ffcabcbf3eec3fb3705ff003e7ff2a55ffe581ff0a113fe86a6ff00c120ff
00e5b51ff0a113fe86a6ff00c120ff00e5b51451fdb3997fd04bff00c1543ff95797e7dd87f66e0b
fe7cff00e54abffcb03fe14227fd0d4dff008241ff00cb6a55f80b1823778a5cae790ba32a923d98
ea8c01f72a7e94514bfb6732ff00a097ff0082a87ff2af2feaec3fb3705ff3e7ff002a55ff00e585
a4f815688b2a8f11dc9f3631193fd9b17004b1cb91fe99d73181f426a07f80b6e71e5f89e65eb9df
a4a499f4c6dd463c7be739f6a28a1671992ff9897abbbfdd50df45ff003efb243fecec1bff00972b
ff0003abff00c991ff00c2844ffa1a9bff000483ff0096d47fc2844ffa1a9bff000483ff0096d451
4ffb6732ff00a097ff0082a87ff2af2fcfbb17f66e0bfe7cff00e54abffcb03fe14227fd0d4dff00
8241ff00cb6a3fe14227fd0d4dff008241ff00cb6a28a3fb6732ff00a097ff0082a87ff2af2fcfbb
0fecdc17fcf9ff00ca957ff9607fc2844ffa1a9bff000483ff0096d47fc2844ffa1a9bff000483ff
0096d45147f6ce65ff00412fff000550ff00e55e5f9f761fd9b82ff9f3ff00952aff00f2c0ff0085
089ff43537fe0907ff002da8ff0085089ff43537fe0907ff002da8a28fed9ccbfe825ffe0aa1ff00
cabcbf3eec3fb3705ff3e7ff002a55ff00e581ff000a113fe86a6ffc120ffe5b51ff000a113fe86a
6ffc120ffe5b51451fdb3997fd04bffc1543ff0095797e7dd87f66e0bfe7cffe54abff00cb03fe14
227fd0d4dff8241ffcb6a3fe14227fd0d4dff8241ffcb6a28a3fb6732ffa097ff82a87ff002af2fc
fbb0fecdc17fcf9ffca957ff009607fc2844ff00a1a9bff0483ff96d47fc2844ff00a1a9bff0483f
f96d45147f6ce65ff412ff00f0550ffe55e5f9f761fd9b82ff009f3ff952afff002c0ff85089ff00
43537fe0907ff2da8ff85089ff0043537fe0907ff2da8a28fed9ccbfe825ff00e0aa1ffcabcbf3ee
c3fb3705ff003e7ff2a55ffe584abf01ad82fcfe269d9b9c95d2a345f6f94dfb91c75f98e7dba548
df022d18e7fe124b91f2aaff00c8362fe150a0ff00c7e77c64d1452fed8ccbfe825ffe0aa3ff00ca
fc87fd9d82ff009f0bff0003a9ff00c995bfe14227fd0d4dff008241ff00cb6a3fe14227fd0d4dff
008241ff00cb6a28a7fdb3997fd04bff00c1543ff95797e7dd8bfb3705ff003e7ff2a55ffe581ff0
a113fe86a6ff00c120ff00e5b51ff0a113fe86a6ff00c120ff00e5b51451fdb3997fd04bff00c154
3ff95797e7dd87f66e0bfe7cff00e54abffcb03fe14227fd0d4dff008241ff00cb6a3fe14227fd0d
4dff008241ff00cb6a28a3fb6732ff00a097ff0082a87ff2af2fcfbb0fecdc17fcf9ff00ca957ff9
607fc2844ffa1a9bff000483ff0096d47fc2844ffa1a9bff000483ff0096d45147f6ce65ff00412f
ff000550ff00e55e5f9f761fd9b82ff9f3ff00952aff00f2c0ff0085089ff43537fe0907ff002da8
ff0085089ff43537fe0907ff002da8a28fed9ccbfe825ffe0aa1ff00cabcbf3eec3fb3705ff3e7ff
002a55ff00e581ff000a113fe86a6ffc120ffe5b51ff000a113fe86a6ffc120ffe5b51451fdb3997
fd04bffc1543ff0095797e7dd87f66e0bfe7cffe54abff00cb03fe14227fd0d4dff8241ffcb6a3fe
14227fd0d4dff8241ffcb6a28a3fb6732ffa097ff82a87ff002af2fcfbb0fecdc17fcf9ffca957ff
00960f4f80b0827ccf144ac31c04d212339f525b5290118cf181eb9e30663f022d3685ff008492e7
0199b3fd9b17f10518ff008fcedb47e74514bfb6332ffa097a7fd3aa3dadff003ec7fd9d825ff2e1
7fe0755fe73207f80b113f278a2455f47d1d5ce7bfcc3538c7e1b78f534dff0085089ff43537fe09
07ff002da8a28fed9ccbfe825ffe0aa1ff00cabfaf9b17f66e0bfe7cff00e54abffcb03fe14227fd
0d4dff008241ff00cb6a3fe14227fd0d4dff008241ff00cb6a28a7fdb3997fd04bff00c1543ff957
97e7dd87f66e0bfe7cff00e54abffcb03fe14227fd0d4dff008241ff00cb6a3fe14227fd0d4dff00
8241ff00cb6a28a3fb6732ff00a097ff0082a87ff2af2fcfbb0fecdc17fcf9ff00ca957ff9607fc2
844ffa1a9bff000483ff0096d47fc2844ffa1a9bff000483ff0096d45147f6ce65ff00412fff0005
50ff00e55e5f9f761fd9b82ff9f3ff00952aff00f2c0ff0085089ff43537fe0907ff002da8ff0085
089ff43537fe0907ff002da8a28fed9ccbfe825ffe0aa1ff00cabcbf3eec3fb3705ff3e7ff002a55
ff00e581ff000a113fe86a6ffc120ffe5b51ff000a113fe86a6ffc120ffe5b51451fdb3997fd04bf
fc1543ff0095797e7dd87f66e0bfe7cffe54abff00cb03fe14227fd0d4dff8241ffcb6a3fe14227f
d0d4dff8241ffcb6a28a3fb6732ffa097ff82a87ff002af2fcfbb0fecdc17fcf9ffca957ff009612
afc06b50a37f89a766ee574b8d14f3c614df391c63ab1e79e3a0f73d32c869ba6e9fa72c8665d3ec
6d2c9652a10ca2d6de3804850160a5c47b8a8660a4e32719a28ae5c4637158b518e22aba8a0db8a7
0846cda49bf7231be896f7f237a385a1876dd1a7c8e4926f9a72ba5b7c527fe67fffd9}}}}}
{\shp
ffd8ffe000104a46494600010101006000600000ffdb004300010101010101010101010101010101
01010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
010101010101010101ffdb0043010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101ffc0
0011080027027c03012200021101031101ffc4001f00000105010101010101000000000000000001
02030405060708090a0bffc400b5100002010303020403050504040000017d010203000411051221
31410613516107227114328191a1082342b1c11552d1f02433627282090a161718191a2526272829
2a3435363738393a434445464748494a535455565758595a636465666768696a737475767778797a
0101010101010101010000000000000102030405060708090a0bffc400b511000201020404030407
05040400010277000102031104052131061241510761711322328108144291a1b1c109233352f015
6272d10a162434e125f11718191a262728292a35363738393a434445464748494a53545556575859
5a636465666768696a737475767778797a82838485868788898a92939495969798999aa2a3a4a5a6
f2f3f4f5f6f7f8f9faffda000c03010002110311003f00fef57c5fe26b4f0678675bf155fd8eafa9
d9e85a7cfa8dcd8681a74bab6b577140016874dd3602b2dedd3e711c1190ce7382315f2b1fdb77e1
f8e7fe1577ed11f87c1ed70fe82e09afa77c7fff00225f897fec1573ff00a08af87abea721c0e5b8
ac3d69e3b0b5abd48d6e584a9629e1d287241f2b8aa35399ddb7cd75a3b5b44cf0736c4e3a856a51
c2e229d183a77946787559b973b57527521656495acfbdcf43ff0086def87dff0044b7f689ff00c3
39af7ff1fa3fe1b7be1f7fd12dfda27ff0ce6bdffc7ebcf28af77fb2320ffa17e2ff00f0e52ffe66
feaefcade57d7f38ff00a0dc3ffe10c7ff0097ff00577e56f43ff86def87dff44b7f689ffc339af7
ff001fa3fe1b7be1f7fd12dfda27ff000ce6bdff00c7ebcf28a3fb2320ff00a17e2fff000e52ff00
e66feaefcac7d7f38ffa0dc3ff00e10c7ff97ff577e56f43ff0086def87dff0044b7f689ff00c339
af7ff1fa3fe1b7be1f7fd12dfda27ff0ce6bdffc7ebcf28a3fb2320ffa17e2ff00f0e52ffe66feae
fcac7d7f38ff00a0dc3ffe10c7ff0097ff00577e56f43ff86def87dff44b7f689ffc339af7ff001f
a3fe1b7be1f7fd12dfda27ff000ce6bdff00c7ebcf28a3fb2320ff00a17e2fff000e52ff00e66fea
efcac7d7f38ffa0dc3ff00e10c7ff97ff577e56f43ff0086def87dff0044b7f689ff00c339af7ff1
fa3fe1b7be1f7fd12dfda27ff0ce6bdffc7ebcf28a3fb2320ffa17e2ff00f0e52ffe66feaefcac7d
7f38ff00a0dc3ffe10c7ff0097ff00577e56f43ff86def87dff44b7f689ffc339af7ff001fa3fe1b
7be1f7fd12dfda27ff000ce6bdff00c7ebcf28a3fb2320ff00a17e2fff000e52ff00e66feaefcac7
d7f38ffa0dc3ff00e10c7ff97ff577e56f43ff0086def87dff0044b7f689ff00c339af7ff1fa3fe1
b7be1f7fd12dfda27ff0ce6bdffc7ebcf28a3fb2320ffa17e2ff00f0e52ffe66feaefcac7d7f38ff
00a0dc3ffe10c7ff0097ff00577e56f43ff86def87dff44b7f689ffc339af7ff001fa3fe1b7be1f7
fd12dfda27ff000ce6bdff00c7ebcf28a3fb2320ff00a17e2fff000e52ff00e66feaefcac7d7f38f
fa0dc3ff00e10c7ff97ff577e56f43ff0086def87dff0044b7f689ff00c339af7ff1fa3fe1b7be1f
7fd12dfda27ff0ce6bdffc7ebcf28a3fb2320ffa17e2ff00f0e52ffe66feaefcac7d7f38ff00a0dc
3ffe10c7ff0097ff00577e56f43ff86def87dff44b7f689ffc339af7ff001fa3fe1b7be1f7fd12df
da27ff000ce6bdff00c7ebcf28a3fb2320ff00a17e2fff000e52ff00e66feaefcac7d7f38ffa0dc3
ff00e10c7ff97ff577e56f43ff0086def87dff0044b7f689ff00c339af7ff1fa3fe1b7be1f7fd12d
fda27ff0ce6bdffc7ebcf28a3fb2320ffa17e2ff00f0e52ffe66feaefcac7d7f38ff00a0dc3ffe10
c7ff0097ff00577e56f43ff86def87dff44b7f689ffc339af7ff001fa3fe1b7be1f7fd12dfda27ff
000ce6bdff00c7ebcf28a3fb2320ff00a17e2fff000e52ff00e66feaefcac7d7f38ffa0dc3ff00e1
0c7ff97ff577e56f43ff0086def87dff0044b7f689ff00c339af7ff1fa07edbdf0fcf1ff000ab7f6
89fc7e0e6bc3f533e2bcf28a3fb2320ffa17e2ff00f0e52ffe66feaefcac7d7f38ff00a0dc3ffe10
c7ff0097ff00577e56f4c87f6d5f014e262bf0c3f68341040f3b997e11eb3182a85576a6eb91be56
675548c7cce4e141355cfedbbf0fc75f85dfb447e1f0775d3fca735c1c3feaeeff00ebdd7ff4aed6
abd4aca3206e5ff09f8ab2692ff8519768b77ff66eb71bc7e6f65fedb436d7fd863dff00ebff0097
e27a1ffc36f7c3effa25bfb44ffe19cd7bff008fd1ff000dbdf0fbfe896fed13ff0086735eff00e3
f5e794557f64641ff42fc5ff00e1ca5ffccdfd5df9597d7f38ff00a0dc3ffe10c7ff0097ff00577e
56f43ff86def87dff44b7f689ffc339af7ff001fa3fe1b7be1f7fd12dfda27ff000ce6bdff00c7eb
cf28a3fb2320ff00a17e2fff000e52ff00e66feaefcac7d7f38ffa0dc3ff00e10c7ff97ff577e56f
43ff0086def87dff0044b7f689ff00c339af7ff1fa3fe1b7be1f7fd12dfda27ff0ce6bdffc7ebcf2
8a3fb2320ffa17e2ff00f0e52ffe66feaefcac7d7f38ff00a0dc3ffe10c7ff0097ff00577e56f43f
f86def87dff44b7f689ffc339af7ff001fa3fe1b7be1f7fd12dfda27ff000ce6bdff00c7ebcf28a3
fb2320ff00a17e2fff000e52ff00e66feaefcac7d7f38ffa0dc3ff00e10c7ff97ff577e56f43ff00
86def87dff0044b7f689ff00c339af7ff1fa3fe1b7be1f7fd12dfda27ff0ce6bdffc7ebcf28a3fb2
320ffa17e2ff00f0e52ffe66feaefcac7d7f38ff00a0dc3ffe10c7ff0097ff00577e56f43ff86def
87dff44b7f689ffc339af7ff001fa3fe1b7be1f7fd12dfda27ff000ce6bdff00c7ebcf28a3fb2320
ff00a17e2fff000e52ff00e66feaefcac7d7f38ffa0dc3ff00e10c7ff97ff577e56f43ff0086def8
7dff0044b7f689ff00c339af7ff1fa3fe1b7be1f7fd12dfda27ff0ce6bdffc7ebcf28a3fb2320ffa
17e2ff00f0e52ffe66feaefcac7d7f38ff00a0dc3ffe10c7ff0097ff00577e56f43ff86def87dff4
4b7f689ffc339af7ff001fa3fe1b7be1f7fd12dfda27ff000ce6bdff00c7ebcf28a3fb2320ff00a1
7e2fff000e52ff00e66feaefcac7d7f38ffa0dc3ff00e10c7ff97ff577e56f451fb6e7c3f233ff00
0abbf688fc7e0f6b80fe46e01a964fdb5fc03108cb7c30fda11bcd8965013e116b4e5158b00b205b
9263930bbb6361b6323630c09f35a925fbc3feb9c3ff00a29297f6464174bfb3f15d5bff0085196b
6b7fd437f5f93fed0cdffe836874ff009828ff00f2fea77fff000dbdf0fbfe896fed13ff0086735e
ff00e3f47fc36f7c3eff00a25bfb44ff00e19cd7bff8fd79e514ff00b2320ffa17e2ff00f0e52ffe
66feaefcacbebf9c7fd06e1fff000863ff00cbff00abbf2b7a1ffc36f7c3effa25bfb44ffe19cd7b
ff008fd1ff000dbdf0fbfe896fed13ff0086735eff00e3f5e79451fd91907fd0bf17ff0087297ff3
37f577e563ebf9c7fd06e1ff00f0863ffcbffabbf2b7a1ff00c36f7c3eff00a25bfb44ff00e19cd7
bff8fd1ff0dbdf0fbfe896fed13ff86735effe3f5e79451fd91907fd0bf17ff87297ff00337f577e
563ebf9c7fd06e1fff000863ff00cbff00abbf2b7a1ffc36f7c3effa25bfb44ffe19cd7bff008fd1
ff000dbdf0fbfe896fed13ff0086735eff00e3f5e79451fd91907fd0bf17ff0087297ff337f577e5
63ebf9c7fd06e1ff00f0863ffcbffabbf2b7a1ff00c36f7c3eff00a25bfb44ff00e19cd7bff8fd1f
f0dbdf0fbfe896fed13ff86735effe3f5e79451fd91907fd0bf17ff87297ff00337f577e563ebf9c
7fd06e1fff000863ff00cbff00abbf2b7a1ffc36f7c3effa25bfb44ffe19cd7bff008fd1ff000dbd
f0fbfe896fed13ff0086735eff00e3f5e79451fd91907fd0bf17ff0087297ff337f577e563ebf9c7
fd06e1ff00f0863ffcbffabbf2b7a1ff00c36f7c3eff00a25bfb44ff00e19cd7bff8fd1ff0dbdf0f
bfe896fed13ff86735effe3f5e79451fd91907fd0bf17ff87297ff00337f577e563ebf9c7fd06e1f
ff000863ff00cbff00abbf2b7a20fdb77e1f9e9f0bbf688fc7e0eeba3f9ce2a41fb6c7804a6fff00
855ffb428196183f0875a0c4a98c1017ed1927f78a463a80e7a29c79bd487fd527fd7497ff004186
93ca320d3fe13f15abff00a194bb5ffe81bcbf17e567fda19c7fd06e1fff000863ff00cbff00abfa
1e807f6ddf87e38ff855bfb447e1f0775d3fa89c8a4ff86def87dff44b7f689ffc339af7ff001faf
3ca29ff64641ff0042fc5ffe1ca5ff00ccdfd5df9597d7f38ffa0dc3ff00e10c7ff97ff577e56f43
ff0086def87dff0044b7f689ff00c339af7ff1fa3fe1b7be1f7fd12dfda27ff0ce6bdffc7ebcf28a
3fb2320ffa17e2ff00f0e52ffe66feaefcac7d7f38ff00a0dc3ffe10c7ff0097ff00577e56f43ff8
6def87dff44b7f689ffc339af7ff001fa3fe1b7be1f7fd12dfda27ff000ce6bdff00c7ebcf28a3fb
2320ff00a17e2fff000e52ff00e66feaefcac7d7f38ffa0dc3ff00e10c7ff97ff577e56f43ff0086
def87dff0044b7f689ff00c339af7ff1fa3fe1b7be1f7fd12dfda27ff0ce6bdffc7ebcf28a3fb232
0ffa17e2ff00f0e52ffe66feaefcac7d7f38ff00a0dc3ffe10c7ff0097ff00577e56f43ff86def87
dff44b7f689ffc339af7ff001fa3fe1b7be1f7fd12dfda27ff000ce6bdff00c7ebcf28a3fb2320ff
00a17e2fff000e52ff00e66feaefcac7d7f38ffa0dc3ff00e10c7ff97ff577e56f43ff0086def87d
ff0044b7f689ff00c339af7ff1fa3fe1b7be1f7fd12dfda27ff0ce6bdffc7ebcf28a3fb2320ffa17
e2ff00f0e52ffe66feaefcac7d7f38ff00a0dc3ffe10c7ff0097ff00577e56f43ff86def87dff44b
7f689ffc339af7ff001fa3fe1b7be1f7fd12dfda27ff000ce6bdff00c7ebcf28a3fb2320ff00a17e
2fff000e52ff00e66feaefcac7d7f38ffa0dc3ff00e10c7ff97ff577e56f451fb6e7c3f233ff000a
bbf688fc7e0f6b80fe46e01afad740d620f11685a2f882d6dafecedb5dd274dd62decf55b47b0d4e
d20d4ece1bd86db52b190992cafe08e758af2d2425edee12485896426be05afbcbc2bff22c7873fe
c03a3ffe9bedebe7f3fc165d85a587781c356a129d49aa8eae29e214a2a316924e953e569ddb7777
bdac8f5f29c4e36bd4acb155e9d68c6117050c3aa2e2db69b6d549f32696d6567d7a19de3fff0091
2fc4bff60ab9ff00d0457c3d5f70f8ff00fe44bf12ff00d82ae7ff004115f0f574f0effbb57ffaff
00ff00b8e0659c7f1e97fd7aff00dbe41451457d09e4051451400514514005145140051451400514
5140051451400514514005145140051451400514514005145140051451401621ff005777ff005eeb
ff00a576b55eac43feaeeffebdd7ff004aed6abd4c779ff897fe9111bda3e9fab0a28a2a84145145
001451450014514500145145001451450014514500145145001524bf787fd7387ff452547524bf78
7fd7387ff45252eabd1fe71023a28a29805145140051451400514514005145140051451400514514
005487fd527fd7497ff4186a3a90ff00aa4ffae92ffe830d27bc7d7f4604745145300a28a2800a28
a2800a28a2800a28a2800a28a2800a28a2800afbcbc2bff22c7873fec03a3ffe9bedebe0dafbcbc2
bff22c7873fec03a3ffe9bedebe6f88ff8585ffaf953ff004989ece4dfc4affe087fe94cb1aee94b
ae68fa8e90f335baea16b25b34ea82468848305c46590391e85973eb5e28ff0001ad88f93c4d3ab6
7abe951b8c77f945fc673efbb8f434515f3d87c7e2f0919430f55d38ca5cd25c94e579592bfbf097
4495b6f23d7ad85a1886a55a9f3b4b953e69c6caf7b7bb28f5645ff0a113fe86a6ff00c120ff00e5
b51ff0a113fe86a6ff00c120ff00e5b514574ff6ce65ff00412fff000550ff00e55e5f9f7663fd9b
82ff009f3ff952afff002c0ff85089ff0043537fe0907ff2da8ff85089ff0043537fe0907ff2da8a
28fed9ccbfe825ff00e0aa1ffcabcbf3eec3fb3705ff003e7ff2a55ffe581ff0a113fe86a6ff00c1
20ff00e5b51ff0a113fe86a6ff00c120ff00e5b51451fdb3997fd04bff00c1543ff95797e7dd87f6
6e0bfe7cff00e54abffcb03fe14227fd0d4dff008241ff00cb6a3fe14227fd0d4dff008241ff00cb
6a28a3fb6732ff00a097ff0082a87ff2af2fcfbb0fecdc17fcf9ff00ca957ff9607fc2844ffa1a9b
ff000483ff0096d47fc2844ffa1a9bff000483ff0096d45147f6ce65ff00412fff000550ff00e55e
5f9f761fd9b82ff9f3ff00952aff00f2c0ff0085089ff43537fe0907ff002da8ff0085089ff43537
fe0907ff002da8a28fed9ccbfe825ffe0aa1ff00cabcbf3eec3fb3705ff3e7ff002a55ff00e581ff
000a113fe86a6ffc120ffe5b51ff000a113fe86a6ffc120ffe5b51451fdb3997fd04bffc1543ff00
95797e7dd87f66e0bfe7cffe54abff00cb03fe14227fd0d4dff8241ffcb6a3fe14227fd0d4dff824
1ffcb6a28a3fb6732ffa097ff82a87ff002af2fcfbb0fecdc17fcf9ffca957ff009607fc2844ff00
a1a9bff0483ff96d47fc2844ff00a1a9bff0483ff96d45147f6ce65ff412ff00f0550ffe55e5f9f7
61fd9b82ff009f3ff952afff002c0ff85089ff0043537fe0907ff2da8ff85089ff0043537fe0907f
f2da8a28fed9ccbfe825ff00e0aa1ffcabcbf3eec3fb3705ff003e7ff2a55ffe581ff0a113fe86a6
ff00c120ff00e5b51ff0a113fe86a6ff00c120ff00e5b51451fdb3997fd04bff00c1543ff95797e7
dd87f66e0bfe7cff00e54abffcb03fe14227fd0d4dff008241ff00cb6a3fe14227fd0d4dff008241
ff00cb6a28a3fb6732ff00a097ff0082a87ff2af2fcfbb0fecdc17fcf9ff00ca957ff9607fc2844f
fa1a9bff000483ff0096d4abf0163046ef14b95cf2174655247b31d51803ee54fd28a297f6ce65ff
00412fff000550ff00e55e5fd5d87f66e0bfe7cffe54abff00cb0b49f02ad116551e23b93e6c6232
7fb362e009639723fd33ae6303e84d40ff00016dce3cbf13ccbd73bf494933e98dba8c78f7ce73ed
45142ce3325ff312f5777fbaa1be8bfe7df6487fd9d837ff002e57fe0757ff009323ff0085089ff4
3537fe0907ff002da8ff0085089ff43537fe0907ff002da8a29ff6ce65ff00412fff000550ff00e5
5e5f9f762fecdc17fcf9ff00ca957ff9607fc2844ffa1a9bff000483ff0096d47fc2844ffa1a9bff
000483ff0096d45147f6ce65ff00412fff000550ff00e55e5f9f761fd9b82ff9f3ff00952aff00f2
c0ff0085089ff43537fe0907ff002da8ff0085089ff43537fe0907ff002da8a28fed9ccbfe825ffe
0aa1ff00cabcbf3eec3fb3705ff3e7ff002a55ff00e581ff000a113fe86a6ffc120ffe5b51ff000a
113fe86a6ffc120ffe5b51451fdb3997fd04bffc1543ff0095797e7dd87f66e0bfe7cffe54abff00
cb03fe14227fd0d4dff8241ffcb6a3fe14227fd0d4dff8241ffcb6a28a3fb6732ffa097ff82a87ff
002af2fcfbb0fecdc17fcf9ffca957ff009607fc2844ff00a1a9bff0483ff96d47fc2844ff00a1a9
bff0483ff96d45147f6ce65ff412ff00f0550ffe55e5f9f761fd9b82ff009f3ff952afff002c0ff8
5089ff0043537fe0907ff2da8ff85089ff0043537fe0907ff2da8a28fed9ccbfe825ff00e0aa1ffc
abcbf3eec3fb3705ff003e7ff2a55ffe581ff0a113fe86a6ff00c120ff00e5b51ff0a113fe86a6ff
00c120ff00e5b51451fdb3997fd04bff00c1543ff95797e7dd87f66e0bfe7cff00e54abffcb0957e
035b05f9fc4d3b37392ba5468bedf29bf7238ebf31cfb74a91be045a31cffc249723e555ff00906c
5fc2a141ff008fcef8c9a28a5fdb1997fd04bffc1547ff0095f90ffb3b05ff003e17fe0753ff0093
2b7fc2844ffa1a9bff000483ff0096d47fc2844ffa1a9bff000483ff0096d4514ffb6732ff00a097
ff0082a87ff2af2fcfbb17f66e0bfe7cff00e54abffcb03fe14227fd0d4dff008241ff00cb6a3fe1
4227fd0d4dff008241ff00cb6a28a3fb6732ff00a097ff0082a87ff2af2fcfbb0fecdc17fcf9ff00
ca957ff9607fc2844ffa1a9bff000483ff0096d47fc2844ffa1a9bff000483ff0096d45147f6ce65
ff00412fff000550ff00e55e5f9f761fd9b82ff9f3ff00952aff00f2c0ff0085089ff43537fe0907
ff002da8ff0085089ff43537fe0907ff002da8a28fed9ccbfe825ffe0aa1ff00cabcbf3eec3fb370
5ff3e7ff002a55ff00e581ff000a113fe86a6ffc120ffe5b51ff000a113fe86a6ffc120ffe5b5145
1fdb3997fd04bffc1543ff0095797e7dd87f66e0bfe7cffe54abff00cb03fe14227fd0d4dff8241f
fcb6a3fe14227fd0d4dff8241ffcb6a28a3fb6732ffa097ff82a87ff002af2fcfbb0fecdc17fcf9f
fca957ff009607fc2844ff00a1a9bff0483ff96d47fc2844ff00a1a9bff0483ff96d45147f6ce65f
f412ff00f0550ffe55e5f9f761fd9b82ff009f3ff952afff002c1e9f016104f99e2895863809a424
673ea4b6a5202319e303d73c60cc7e045a6d0bff000925ce033367fb362fe20a31ff001f9db68fce
8a297f6c665ff412f4ff00a7547b5bfe7d8ffb3b04bfe5c2ff00c0eabfce640ff016227e4f1448ab
e8fa3ab9cf7f986a718fc36f1ea69bff000a113fe86a6ffc120ffe5b51451fdb3997fd04bffc1543
ff00957f5f362fecdc17fcf9ff00ca957ff9607fc2844ffa1a9bff000483ff0096d47fc2844ffa1a
9bff000483ff0096d4514ffb6732ff00a097ff0082a87ff2af2fcfbb0fecdc17fcf9ff00ca957ff9
607fc2844ffa1a9bff000483ff0096d47fc2844ffa1a9bff000483ff0096d45147f6ce65ff00412f
ff000550ff00e55e5f9f761fd9b82ff9f3ff00952aff00f2c0ff0085089ff43537fe0907ff002da8
ff0085089ff43537fe0907ff002da8a28fed9ccbfe825ffe0aa1ff00cabcbf3eec3fb3705ff3e7ff
002a55ff00e581ff000a113fe86a6ffc120ffe5b51ff000a113fe86a6ffc120ffe5b51451fdb3997
fd04bffc1543ff0095797e7dd87f66e0bfe7cffe54abff00cb03fe14227fd0d4dff8241ffcb6a3fe
14227fd0d4dff8241ffcb6a28a3fb6732ffa097ff82a87ff002af2fcfbb0fecdc17fcf9ffca957ff
009607fc2844ff00a1a9bff0483ff96d47fc2844ff00a1a9bff0483ff96d45147f6ce65ff412ff00
f0550ffe55e5f9f761fd9b82ff009f3ff952afff002c255f80d6a146ff00134ecddcae971a29e78c
29be7238c7563cf3c741ee7a6590d374dd3f4e590ccba7d8da592ca5421945adbc70090a02c14b88
f7150cc149c64e334515cb88c6e2b16a31c45575141b714e108d9b4937ee4637d12defe46f470b43
0edba34f91c924df34e574b6f8a4ff00ccffd9}}}}}
{\shp
ffd8ffe000104a46494600010101006000600000ffdb004300010101010101010101010101010101
01010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
010101010101010101ffdb0043010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101ffc0
001108000a027c03012200021101031101ffc4001f00000105010101010101000000000000000001
02030405060708090a0bffc400b5100002010303020403050504040000017d010203000411051221
31410613516107227114328191a1082342b1c11552d1f02433627282090a161718191a2526272829
2a3435363738393a434445464748494a535455565758595a636465666768696a737475767778797a
0101010101010101010000000000000102030405060708090a0bffc400b511000201020404030407
05040400010277000102031104052131061241510761711322328108144291a1b1c109233352f015
6272d10a162434e125f11718191a262728292a35363738393a434445464748494a53545556575859
5a636465666768696a737475767778797a82838485868788898a92939495969798999aa2a3a4a5a6
f2f3f4f5f6f7f8f9faffda000c03010002110311003f00fef6fc4dadbf86fc3fab6bd1e89aef891f
4ab29af1741f0cda5bdff88355310c8b3d26ceeaeec2dee6f65e90c535e5b231c832ad7cebff000d
3ba97fd1b17ed4ff00f86fbc29ff00cf06bea7a2bbb0b88c1d184a389cbe18c9395e3396271141c6
365eea8d19453d53777aebe48e4c450c4d5945d0c6cb0d151b4a11a142aa93bdf9b9aac5b5a7bb65
a75dcf963fe1a7752ffa362fda9fff000df7853ff9e0d1ff000d3ba97fd1b17ed4ff00f86fbc29ff
00cf06bea7a2babebd95ff00d08e97fe17e3bcbfe9e793fbfc8e7faa661ff436a9ff0084784f2fee
793fbfc8f963fe1a7752ff00a362fda9ff00f0df7853ff009e0d1ff0d3ba97fd1b17ed4fff0086fb
c29ffcf06bea7a28faf657ff00423a5ff85f8ef2ff00a79e4feff20faa661ff436a9ff0084784f2f
ee793fbfc8f963fe1a7752ff00a362fda9ff00f0df7853ff009e0d1ff0d3ba97fd1b17ed4fff0086
fbc29ffcf06bea7a28faf657ff00423a5ff85f8ef2ff00a79e4feff20faa661ff436a9ff0084784f
2fee793fbfc8f963fe1a7752ff00a362fda9ff00f0df7853ff009e0d1ff0d3ba97fd1b17ed4fff00
86fbc29ffcf06bea7a28faf657ff00423a5ff85f8ef2ff00a79e4feff20faa661ff436a9ff008478
4f2fee793fbfc8f963fe1a7752ff00a362fda9ff00f0df7853ff009e0d1ff0d3ba97fd1b17ed4fff
0086fbc29ffcf06bea7a28faf657ff00423a5ff85f8ef2ff00a79e4feff20faa661ff436a9ff0084
784f2fee793fbfc8f963fe1a7752ff00a362fda9ff00f0df7853ff009e0d1ff0d3ba97fd1b17ed4f
ff0086fbc29ffcf06bea7a28faf657ff00423a5ff85f8ef2ff00a79e4feff20faa661ff436a9ff00
84784f2fee793fbfc8f963fe1a7752ff00a362fda9ff00f0df7853ff009e0d1ff0d3ba97fd1b17ed
4fff0086fbc29ffcf06bea7a28faf657ff00423a5ff85f8ef2ff00a79e4feff20faa661ff436a9ff
0084784f2fee793fbfc8f963fe1a7752ff00a362fda9ff00f0df7853ff009e0d1ff0d3ba97fd1b17
ed4fff0086fbc29ffcf06bea7a28faf657ff00423a5ff85f8ef2ff00a79e4feff20faa661ff436a9
ff0084784f2fee793fbfc8f963fe1a7752ff00a362fda9ff00f0df7853ff009e0d1ff0d3ba97fd1b
17ed4fff0086fbc29ffcf06bea7a28faf657ff00423a5ff85f8ef2ff00a79e4feff20faa661ff436
a9ff0084784f2fee793fbfc8f963fe1a7752ff00a362fda9ff00f0df7853ff009e0d1ff0d3ba97fd
1b17ed4fff0086fbc29ffcf06bea7a28faf657ff00423a5ff85f8ef2ff00a79e4feff20faa661ff4
36a9ff0084784f2fee793fbfc8f963fe1a7752ff00a362fda9ff00f0df7853ff009e0d1ff0d3ba97
fd1b17ed4fff0086fbc29ffcf06bea7a28faf657ff00423a5ff85f8ef2ff00a79e4feff20faa661f
f436a9ff0084784f2fee793fbfc8f963fe1a7752ff00a362fda9ff00f0df7853ff009e0d1ff0d3ba
97fd1b17ed4fff0086fbc29ffcf06bea7a28faf657ff00423a5ff85f8ef2ff00a79e4feff20faa66
1ff436a9ff0084784f2fee793fbfc8f963fe1a7752ff00a362fda9ff00f0df7853ff009e0d1ff0d3
ba97fd1b17ed4fff0086fbc29ffcf06bea7a28faf657ff00423a5ff85f8ef2ff00a79e4feff20faa
661ff436a9ff0084784f2fee793fbfc8f97a1fda635197cdcfecd1fb50c3e5c2f28f3be1ff0085c7
9a5318862d9e3e7cccf9f9036c4383b9d78cc3ff000d3ba97fd1b17ed4ff00f86fbc29ff00cf06be
a7a28faf6577ff00912527b69f5fc6f4b5ff00e5e5f5d7d2fa07d5330d3fe156a69bbfa9e135dbfb
9a755a77f23e58ff00869dd4bfe8d8bf6a7ffc37de14ff00e78347fc34eea5ff0046c5fb53ff00e1
bef0a7ff003c1afa9e8a3ebd95ff00d08e97fe17e3bcbfe9e793fbfc83ea9987fd0daa7fe11e13cb
fb9e4feff23e58ff00869dd4bfe8d8bf6a7ffc37de14ff00e78347fc34eea5ff0046c5fb53ff00e1
fb9e4feff23e58ff00869dd4bfe8d8bf6a7ffc37de14ff00e7835249fb4d6a3188c8fd99bf6a393c
c8c48447f0ff00c2c4c44b32f9526ef1f2e241b4310bbd76b290e49207d47451f5ecaf4ff844a5e7
fedf8ed745a7f134eafe61f54cc3fe86b53a7fcc1e13caff0063aebe97f23e58ff00869dd4bfe8d8
bf6a7ffc37de14ff00e78347fc34eea5ff0046c5fb53ff00e1bef0a7ff003c1afa9e8a3ebd95ff00
d08e97fe17e3bcbfe9e793fbfc83ea9987fd0daa7fe11e13cbfb9e4feff23e58ff00869dd4bfe8d8
bf6a7ffc37de14ff00e7834f1fb4dea250b7fc332fed4808cfc87e1f785779c18c703fe13f2bcef2
4658711c99c10a1bea4a28faf657ff00424a5ff85f8ed76ffa79ebf7f902c2661d736a8ffee4f09e
5fdcf5fbfc8f963fe1a7752ffa362fda9fff000df7853ff9e0d1ff000d3ba97fd1b17ed4ff00f86f
bc29ff00cf06bea7a28faf657ff423a5ff0085f8ef2ffa79e4feff0020faa661ff00436a9ff84784
f2fee793fbfc8f963fe1a7752ffa362fda9fff000df7853ff9e0d1ff000d3ba97fd1b17ed4ff00f8
6fbc29ff00cf06bea7a28faf657ff423a5ff0085f8ef2ffa79e4feff0020faa661ff00436a9ff847
84f2fee793fbfc8f963fe1a7752ffa362fda9fff000df7853ff9e0d1ff000d3ba97fd1b17ed4ff00
f86fbc29ff00cf06bea7a28faf657ff423a5ff0085f8ef2ffa79e4feff0020faa661ff00436a9ff8
4784f2fee793fbfc8f963fe1a7752ffa362fda9fff000df7853ff9e0d1ff000d3ba97fd1b17ed4ff
00f86fbc29ff00cf06bea7a28faf657ff423a5ff0085f8ef2ffa79e4feff0020faa661ff00436a9f
f84784f2fee793fbfc8f963fe1a7752ffa362fda9fff000df7853ff9e0d1ff000d3ba97fd1b17ed4
ff00f86fbc29ff00cf06bea7a28faf657ff423a5ff0085f8ef2ffa79e4feff0020faa661ff00436a
9ff84784f2fee793fbfc8f963fe1a7752ffa362fda9fff000df7853ff9e0d1ff000d3ba97fd1b17e
d4ff00f86fbc29ff00cf06bea7a28faf657ff423a5ff0085f8ef2ffa79e4feff0020faa661ff0043
6a9ff84784f2fee793fbfc8f963fe1a7752ffa362fda9fff000df7853ff9e0d1ff000d3ba97fd1b1
7ed4ff00f86fbc29ff00cf06bea7a28faf657ff423a5ff0085f8ef2ffa79e4feff0020faa661ff00
436a9ff84784f2fee793fbfc8f963fe1a7752ffa362fda9fff000df7853ff9e0d7d2ba2ea2dac68f
a4eaefa76a5a3bea9a6d8ea2da46b50456bac696d7d6b15cb69dab5b413dd436da958994db5fc10d
cdc450dd452c71cf322891b4a8ae4c5e23095a30586c0430728b6e728e23115f9d34924d5694946c
d3778d9bbd9e891d187a389a4e4ebe3258a4d25152a14697235bbbd28a6efd9e8ba1ffd9}}}}}
\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg24}{\bkmkend Pg24}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmu
lt0\par\pard\li1440\sb191\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10005 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 Poon 23\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1
440\sb172\sl-276\slmult0\fi3506 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
12\f13\fs24 Experiment 2 Methods\par\pard\li1440\sb276\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \
expndtw-3\charscalex100 Participants\par\pard\ql \li2160\sb272\sl-276\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Students who had compl
eted the previous survey. \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb264\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 Procedure \par\pard\ql \li1440\r
i1280\sb56\sl-553\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
10\f11\fs24 From the participants who completed the first survey, another e-mail
recruited students to \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 complete a 4-question surve
y each day for seven days (Appendix C). Those who finished to \line \up0 \expndt
w-2\charscalex100 completion were entered into a lottery with a monetary reward.
Afterwards, data was analyzed \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 using SPSS; Factor
analysis and ANOVA were used. \par\pard\ql \li5745\sb216\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 Results \par\pard\ql \li2160
calex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 I had hypothesized that the computer-addi
cted group would have greater emotional \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1439\sb30\sl-560\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 dependence than the social-player group an
d non-addicted group. The computer addicted group \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscal
ex100 showed no correlation between quality of day and number of hours played, \
ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 r\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 (93)=.142, ns. \par\
pard\ql \li1439\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1439\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\p
ard\ql\li1439\sb63\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\
cf16\f17\fs16 Table 2-Frequency of hours each group played over the course of a
week. \par\pard\li1439\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1439\sb179\sl-230\slmult0\f
i0\tx4967\tx7307\tx9376 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf17\f18\f
s20 Total hours played during a week\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 computeraddicted\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 social-player\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\cha
rscalex100 non-addicted\par\pard\li1439\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1439\sb20\
sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx6991\tx9060\tx11040 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 0\tab \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 9\tab \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 8\par\pard\li1439\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1439\sb1\sl-2
30\slmult0\fi0\tx6991\tx9060\tx11040 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1-2\tab \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 3\tab \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 2\par\pard\li1439\sb228\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx9060\tx11040 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 3 to 4\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 3\tab \up0 \ex
pndtw-2\charscalex100 2\par\pard\li1439\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1439\sb1\s
l-230\slmult0\fi0\tx9060 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 5 to 6\tab \up0 \expndtw2\charscalex100 2\par\pard\li1439\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1439\sb1\sl-230\
slmult0\fi0\tx9060 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 7 to 8\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\char
scalex100 2\par\pard\li1439\sb228\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx9060 \up0 \expndtw-2\char
scalex100 9 to 10\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1\par\pard\li1439\sb0\sl-230
\slmult0\par\pard\li1439\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx9060 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscale
x100 11\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2\par\pard\qj \li1439\ri1422\sb15\sl-5
50\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Int
erestingly, the non-addicted group showed a significant negative correlation bet
ween \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 quality of day and game play time on the firs
t day, \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 X\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 = 10.74, \ul0
\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 p\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 <.05. Table 2 demonstr
ates that \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 some social players play up to 11 hours
per week. \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkm
kstart Pg25}{\bkmkend Pg25}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\s
b191\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10005 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf

10\f11\fs24 Running Head: COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 Poon 24\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb172\sl-276\slmu
lt0\fi4140 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 Discussio
n\par\pard\li1440\sb276\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Finding
s\par\pard\ql \li1440\ri1263\sb45\sl-551\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscale
x100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 My study attempted to validate computer game
addiction\u8217?s entry into the DSM-V, as well \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex
100 as explore more in depth about computer game addiction criteria, specificall
y emotional \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 dependence. First, I found that
there was a computer addicted group, whose total percentage in \line \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 comparison to the rest of the student body was consistent wit
h Thomas and Martin\u8217?s (2010) \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 findings
but not the social player\u8217?s or the non-addicted (see Table 1). However, on
ly four people \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 replied that were computer ga
me addicted so all my hypotheses concerning that group were non-\line \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 significant. There might be several reasons for the low resp
ondent rate from computer addicts: \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 They migh
t have dropped out in freshman year, they might be too concentrated on computer
\line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 games to answer my study, they might be too
embarrassed or bothered to answer a survey about \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscale
x100 computer game addiction, etc. Or perhaps, my criteria for computer game add
iction were too \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 strict. When I used Young\u8
217?s Diagnostic Questionnaire, the cut off for being entered into the \line \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 computer-addicted group was five or more addictive sy
mptoms based on the DSM-IV\u8217?s criteria \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
for problematic gambling. However, ICD-10\u8217?s criteria for dependence syndr
ome is only 3 \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 symptoms or more; under these
conditions fourteen more participants would have been entered \line \up0 \expndt
w-2\charscalex100 into the computer-addicted study. Regardless, the computer-add
icted group sample size was too \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 small and I
was unable to determine if the computer addicted group truly had lower GPAs, or
if \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 they preferred MMORPGs. \par\pard\ql \li2
160\sb237\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Second, I found that ther
e was no correlation between emotional dependence and \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri129
7\sb30\sl-560\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 grouping, as well as no corr
elation between quality of day and number of hours played. Besides \line \up0 \e
xpndtw-4\charscalex100 having more participants in the computer-addicted group t
o make these result more valid and \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 reliable,
a possibility may be that if a computer game addict is truly addicted, they wil
l be unable \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\b
kmkstart Pg26}{\bkmkend Pg26}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1440
\sb191\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10005 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\
cf10\f11\fs24 Running Head: COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 Poon 25\par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb152\s
l-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 to control their game play behavior
and will play regardless of mood. Also, non-addicted \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri1370
\sb57\sl-551\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 participants would be able to
control their behavior in accordance to how much free time they \line \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 have (Thomas and Martin, 2010). Table 2 does show that ther
e was a low amount of games \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 played during th
e week I sent out a survey every day. This might have been an unusual week, as \
line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 I sent it out after spring break. Students ma
y have been readjusting back to school life, and been \line \up0 \expndtw-2\char
scalex100 more involved in their studies. It was also curious to note that the s
ocial player group had the \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 highest rates of
game play, and that on the first day that I sent out the second part of my surve
y, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 there was a significant correlation betwe
en quality of day and number of hours played for the \line \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 non-addicted group. \par\pard\ql \li2160\sb237\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 Third, my hypothesis that there would be more females playi

ng social games was \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb264\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 disproven, but my hypothesis that males would play more goal-oriente
d games was proven \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\s
b8\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 (Table 1). Males were far more i
nterested in games such as Strategy, First-person shooters, \par\pard\ql \li1440
calex100 adventure; all of these games involve a goal that can be accomplished w
ithin set parameters. \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri1250\sb36\sl-553\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 Weinstein (2010) had shown that males had greater activation
in the reward system when playing \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 games and
it may be because of this biological response that males played more games over
all \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 than females. Females did not enjoy soci
al games the most as predicted, they also enjoyed puzzle \line \up0 \expndtw-2\c
harscalex100 and trivia games as well. A combination of the two, such as the pop
ular facebook game/app \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\
f14\fs24 Words with Friends\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 , was also frequently r
eported by females. There are not many studies \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex1
00 looking at what components of games females may enjoy as females have been un
iversally \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 shunned by computer game companies
in developing games that may appeal to them (Jenkins & \line \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 Cassell, 2008). Because they enjoy puzzle and trivia games, this may
indicate that females enjoy \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 cognitive stimu
lation more than social aspects of games, although the social aspect is also \li
ne \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 appealing to this demographic. \par\pard\sect\s
ectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg27}{\bkmkend Pg27
}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb191\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx
10005 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Running Head:
COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Poon 26\par\pard\ql \l
i1440\ri1288\sb200\sl-552\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Fourth, I
found that when playing computer games, participants used laptops the most, \lin
e \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 followed by phones, web-enabled devices (such as
iphones), tablets, and then desktops. They \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
frequently reported that they used their laptop and phones in conjunction with e
ach other or one \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 other device. Trinity Colle
ge students seem to be continuously \u8216?connected\u8217? to some sort of \lin
e \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 technological device; they then use these device
s to both contact friends as well as play games or \line \up0 \expndtw-5\charsca
lex100 to do their studies. \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri1315\sb8\sl-552\slmult0\fi780
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Fifth, I also found that 38.3% of participants mu
ltitasked when playing computer games. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 This
demonstrates that people are not completely immersed or focused on computer game
s, and \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 are able to do constructive activitie
s such as socializing with friends, doing homework, eating, \line \up0 \expndtw2\charscalex100 etc. As the majority of participants were social players, this m
ight mean that they do not play \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 immersive, \
u8216?hard-core\u8217? games such as MMORPGs, or they are do not feel the same d
raw as \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 computer-addicts do. \par\pard\ql \li
1440\sb236\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13
\fs24 Limitations \par\pard\ql \li2160\sb264\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\char
scalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 There were several limitations to my stu
dy. First of all, there were not enough \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri1287\sb56\sl-552\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 respondents to my surveys. A larger sample
size would increase the validity and reliability of my \line \up0 \expndtw-4\ch
arscalex100 results. Also, my computer-addicted group was not big enough as only
four people were \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 classified as having five
or more symptoms. Although the percentage of computer addicts to the \line \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 overall population fits in with what Thomas and Martin
(2010) found, it is still not a large \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 enough
population to have significant results. Second of all, my results were not repr
esentative \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 of Trinity College (see Table 1).

I found that there were a smaller proportion of males to females \line \up0 \ex
pndtw-2\charscalex100 than what is actually at Trinity College. This is because
more females responded. Third of all, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 my res
ults are not generalizable to the general public. This study only applies to Tri
nity College. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 If I could expand my populatio
n to include other campuses, then perhaps I could apply my \par\pard\sect\sectd\
fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg28}{\bkmkend Pg28}\par
\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb191\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10005
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Running Head: COMPU
TER GAME ADDICTION\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Poon 27\par\pard\ql \li1440
\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb152\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\cha
rscalex100 results to the average college student. Fourth of all, I had neglecte
d to add a Non/applicable \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\l
i1440\sb8\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 option in my withdrawal s
ymptoms question. This may have caused an overestimation of \par\pard\ql \li1440
\ri1264\sb58\sl-550\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 withdrawal symptoms, a
s only two people had responded to the previous withdrawal question in \line \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Young\u8217?s Diagnostic Questionnaire. Fifth of all,
I had adapted Young\u8217?s Diagnostic Questionnaire, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\cha
rscalex100 which was about Internet Addiction (Appendix A), to apply it to Compu
ter Game Addiction \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 (Appendix B). It is unkno
wn if this survey is reliable and valid when applied to computer game \line \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 addiction. \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb237\sl-276\slmult0 \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 Future Research \par\
pard\ql \li1440\ri1271\sb36\sl-552\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 For future research, I would attempt to find why so
cial players demonstrate addictive \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 symptoms.
There were social players who played for long periods of time but did not \line
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 demonstrate addictive symptoms, and social player
s who played for short periods of time by \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 de
monstrated addictive symptoms. It would be interesting to find why symptoms of a
ddiction \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 appear after playing computer games
. To do so, I would create a reliable and valid measurement \line \up0 \expndtw2\charscalex100 of computer game addiction. I would also attempt to strengthen t
he definitions of computer game \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 addiction. C
omputer game addiction is only a subcategory of computer addiction, and can also
\line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 cross over with internet addiction as well
as video-game addiction. Also, with the advent of \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal
ex100 internet gambling, computer game addiction may also be interconnected with
problematic \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 gambling. The DSM-V may not ent
er computer game addiction, but rather computer addiction to \line \up0 \expndtw
-4\charscalex100 encompass all of the above. I would also attempt to reject othe
r disorders as the cause of \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 computer game ad
diction, such as having an addictive personality, depression, anxiety, etc. The
\line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 argument against computer game addiction is
that is symptomatic of another disorder. Future \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex
100 research can conclusively prove that playing on the computer for long period
s of time can cause \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 addictive symptoms and t
hat it is no comorbid with any other disorder. Finally, I would also \par\pard\s
ect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg29}{\bkmkend
Pg29}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb191\sl-276\slmult0\f
i0\tx10005 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Running H
ead: COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Poon 28\par\pard\
ql \li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb152\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 attempt to find other treatment options for computer game a
ddiction. Young (2009) already \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1384\sb58\sl-550\slmult0 \
up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 suggests treatment options for children such as fam
ily therapy, setting limits on children\u8217?s game \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex1
00 play and what they can play with, restructuring their environment, finding th
e source of turmoil \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 and help them deal with it in

a healthy manner, etc. \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb237\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5
\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 Conclusion \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri1
291\sb36\sl-552\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10
\f11\fs24 There are far fewer computer-addicts than predicted on Trinity College
campus, but the \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 majority of participants de
monstrated one or more symptoms of addiction. They do not show \line \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 emotional dependence as one of the components. Computer game
play seems to cause symptoms \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 of addiction wh
ich may be due to computer games having salient qualities. Game types seem to \l
ine \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 be composed of different features that are mor
e attractive to different sexes; Males enjoy \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100
Strategy, first-person shooters, and adventure games while females enjoy puzzle
, social, and \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 trivia games. In addition, stu
dents play computer games on a wide variety of devices, including \line \up0 \ex
pndtw-4\charscalex100 phone, laptop, electronic devices with web-enabled activit
ies, tablets, and desktops. Students \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 tend to
play while multi-tasking, so their time is not solely spent on one activity. Ov
erall, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 computer gaming seems to be a recreat
ional past time in Trinity College, and does not seem to \line \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 have detrimental effects on the student body. \par\pard\ql \li1440\
ri1258\sb8\sl-553\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 The wide-reaching
implication of this study is if computer game companies should take \up0 \expndt
w-2\charscalex100 social responsibility for the extreme computer game usage of i
ts customers. They deliberately \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 create games in or
der to draw in and create a user base to gain money. In Asia, the government \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 has already taken steps to counteract the ill effects
of game play by limiting usage (Bosker, 2010; \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Cai
n, 2010; Cho, 2010). If computer game companies refuse to create restraints for
its players, \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 and computer games grow in greater po
pularity then the U.S. government may have no choice \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex1
00 but to follow in the steps of its Asian counterparts (Van Rooij et al., 2010)
. \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart P
g30}{\bkmkend Pg30}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb191\sl276\slmult0\fi0\tx10005 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\f
s24 Running Head: COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Poon
29\par\pard\ql \li1440\ri1344\sb200\sl-552\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-4\charsc
alex100 Research already indicates that computer games can be a destructive pres
ence in a game \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 player\u8217?s life, but it can als
o have a positive impact. Gaming allows players to communicate with \up0 \expndt
w-2\charscalex100 others they may not ordinarily meet, gives self-confidence, an
d develops skills that may be used \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 in real life. A
s demonstrated above, there is a small portion of computer game users who are at
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 risk for computer game addiction. Hopefully, comp
uter game addiction can enter common \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 knowled
ge, so that computer game addicted users can get the care and treatment that the
y may \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 need. Also, more studies need to be dedicate
d into the salient qualities of each computer game \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
type to find what causes addictive symptoms as well as to prove the existence o
f computer game \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 addiction so that it may be entere
d into the DSM-V. \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl240{\bkmkstart Pg31}{\bkmkend Pg31}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\
li1440\sb191\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10005 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosup
ersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Running Head: COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
arscalex100 Poon 30\par\pard\ql \li5560\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5560\s
b172\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24
References \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1370\sb30\sl-560\slmult0\tx2160 \up0 \expndtw2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 American Psychiatric Association.
(2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders \line\tab \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author. \par\pard\ql
\li1440\ri2216\sb186\sl-553\slmult0\tx2160\tx2159 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100

Arntz, A. (2006). Pathological Dependency: Distinguishing Functional from Emoti
onal \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Dependency. \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f
14\fs24 Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 ,
12(4), 411-416. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 BBC (2005, 8 June). Chinese
gamer sentence to life. \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 BBCNews\ul0\nosupersub\cf
10\f11\fs24 . Retrieved from \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 {\field{\*
\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4072704.stm#top./" }}
{\fldrslt {\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4
072704.stm#top.}}} \par\pard\qj \li1439\ri2131\sb0\sl-560\slmult0\tx2159 \up0 \e
xpndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 BBC (2005, 10 August). S Ko
rean dies after games session. \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 BBC News\ul0\nosup
ersub\cf10\f11\fs24 . Retrieved from \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 {\
field{\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4137782.stm./
" }}{\fldrslt {\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technolo
gy/4137782.stm.}}} \par\pard\qj \li1439\ri1668\sb0\sl-540\slmult0\tx2159 \up0 \e
xpndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Bjelde, K., Chromy, B., & P
ankow, D. (2008). Casino gambling among older adults in North \line\tab \up0 \ex
pndtw-4\charscalex100 Dakota: A policy analysis. \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 J
ournal of Gambling Studies, 24(\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 4), 423-440. \par\p
ard\qj \li1439\ri1552\sb219\sl-540\slmult0\tx2159 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
Bosker, B. (2010, September 14). Mother obsessed with computer game neglects her
children, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 lets dogs starve to death. \u
l0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 Huffington\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 \ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf13\f14\fs24 Post\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 . Retrieved from \par\pard\
ql \li1439\ri1246\sb12\sl-550\slmult0\fi720\tx2159\tx2159 \up0 \expndtw-4\charsc
alex100 {\field{\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/14/
mother-obsessed-with-comp_n_715879.html./" }}{\fldrslt {\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11
\fs24 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/14/mother-obsessed-with-comp_n_71587
9.html.}}} \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Boy
es, E. (2007). \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 EA: Women \u8216?too big an audienc
e to ignore\u8217?\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 . Retrieved from \line \tab \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 {\field{\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.gamespot.com
/news/ea-women-too-big-an-audience-to-ignore-6169357./" }}{\fldrslt {\ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf10\f11\fs24 http://www.gamespot.com/news/ea-women-too-big-an-audience-toignore-6169357.}}} \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\
fs24 Cain, G. (2010, April 20). South Korea cracks down on gaming addiction. \ul
0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 Time\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 . Retrieved from \l
ine \tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 {\field{\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www
.time.com/time/world/article/0/" }}{\fldrslt {\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 http
://www.time.com/time/world/article/0}}}\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 ,8599,19832
34,00.html. \par\pard\ql \li1439\sb237\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex
100 Chan, E., & Vorderer, P. (2006). Massively Multiplayer Online Games. In P. V
orderer & J. \par\pard\qj \li2159\ri1425\sb66\sl-540\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-2
\charscalex100 Bryant (Eds.), \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 Playing Video Games:
Motives, Responses, and Consequences\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 . Mahwah: \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Erlbaum. \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh
15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg32}{\bkmkend Pg32}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276
\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb191\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10005 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Running Head: COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION\tab
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Poon 31\par\pard\ql \li1439\ri1465\sb200\sl-553\sl
mult0\fi0\tx2160\tx2160\tx2160\tx2160 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Chappell, D.
, Eatough, V., Davies, M. N. O., & Griffiths, M. (2006). EverQuest
It\u8217?s
just a \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 computer game right? An interpr
etative phenomenological analysis of online gaming \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 addiction. \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 International Journal of Me
ntal Health Addiction, 4\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 , 205-216. \line \up0 \ex
pndtw-4\charscalex100 CBS (2010, 28 October). Baby killed for interrupting Mom\u
8217?s facebook time. \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 CBSNews\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\
f11\fs24 . \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Retrieved from {\field{\*\fl
dinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-201_162-7000628.html./" }}{\fldrsl

t {\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-201_162-7000628.htm
l.}}} \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Charlton
, J. P. (2002). A factor-analytic investigation of computer \u8216?addiction\u82
17? and engagement. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13
\f14\fs24 British Journal of Psychology\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 , \ul0\nosu
persub\cf13\f14\fs24 93\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 , 329-344. \par\pard\ql \li
1440\ri1323\sb10\sl-550\slmult0\tx2159\tx2159 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Cho,
J. (2010, 4 March). Game addicts arrested for starving baby to death. \ul0\nosu
persub\cf13\f14\fs24 ABC News\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 . Retrieved \line \ta
b \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 from {\field{\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://abcne
ws.go.com/international/thelaw/baby-death-alleged-result-parents-/" }}{\fldrslt
{\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 http://abcnews.go.com/International/TheLaw/baby-d
eath-alleged-result-parents-}}}\line \tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nos
upersub\cf10\f11\fs24 online-games-addiction/story?id=10007040#.T53Q9GWtO3o. \pa
r\pard\ql \li1439\sb217\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Crowley, K.
(2008, 27 June). Video villains come to life. \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 New
York Post\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 . Retrieved from \par\pard\ql \li2160\sb
275\sl-288\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 {\field{\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "
http://www.nypost.com/p/news/regional/item_yw41akglzxhp40vadr8kei./" }}{\fldrslt
{\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 http://www.nypost.com/p/news/regional/item_yW41a
KgLZxHp40VADR8kEI.}}} \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1391\sb64\sl-540\slmult0\tx2159 \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Feng, Jason. "Casino Em
ployee's Views on Gambling Addiction." Weblog post. \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs2
4 The Vancouver \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Observer\ul0\nosupersub\
cf10\f11\fs24 . 13 Apr. 2011. Web. 8 Apr. 2012. \par\pard\qj \li2159\ri1955\sb20
\sl-540\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 <{\field{\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "ht
tp://www.vancouverobserver.com/casino/2011/04/13/casino-employees-views-/" }}{\f
ldrslt {\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 http://www.vancouverobserver.com/casino/20
11/04/13/casino-employees-views-}}}\line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosu
persub\cf10\f11\fs24 gambling-addiction>. \par\pard\qj \li1439\ri1989\sb220\sl-5
40\slmult0\tx2159 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Fisher, S. (1994). Identifying v
ideo game addiction in children and adolescents. \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 A
ddictive \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Behaviors, 19\ul0\nosupersub\cf
10\f11\fs24 , 545-553. \par\pard\qj \li1439\ri1519\sb4\sl-560\slmult0\tx2159 \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Greenstein, David. \u8220?How Casinos Target Problem
Gamblers\u8221?. Weblog post. \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 The Fix\ul0\nosupers
ub\cf10\f11\fs24 , Web. 8 \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Apr. 2012 <{\
field{\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.thefix.com/content/casinos-target-gambli
ng-addicts7650?page=all /" }}{\fldrslt {\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 www.thefix
.com/content/casinos-target-gambling-addicts7650?page=all }}}\ul0\nosupersub\cf1
0\f11\fs24 >. \par\pard\qj \li1439\ri1605\sb180\sl-560\slmult0\tx2159 \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 Griffiths, M. D. (2009). The role of context in online gamin
g excess and addiction: some case \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 study
evidence. \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 International Journal of Mental Health A
ddiction\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 ,\ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 8\ul0\nosu
persub\cf10\f11\fs24 , 119-125. \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh1584
0\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg33}{\bkmkend Pg33}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slm
ult0\par\pard\li1440\sb191\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10005 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 Poon 32\par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1673\sb194\sl-560\slmult
0\tx2160 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Grsser, S.M., Thalemann, R. & Griffiths, M
.D. (2007). Excessive computer game playing: \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscale
x100 Evidence for addiction and aggression? \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 Cyberp
sychology and Behavior, \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 10, 290-292. \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 Hussain, Z. & Griffiths, M. D. (2009). Excessive use of massive
ly multi-player online role-\par\pard\qj \li2159\ri1496\sb0\sl-560\slmult0\fi0 \
up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 playing games: a pilot study. \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\
f14\fs24 International Journal of Mental Health Addiction, 7\ul0\nosupersub\cf10
\f11\fs24 , 563-\line \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 571. \par\pard\ql \li1439\sb
195\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Insley, J. (2010, 7 April). Far

mville runs up 900 debt. \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 The\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f1
1\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 Guardian\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 . Re
trieved from \par\pard\ql \li2159\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2159\sb8\sl276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 {\field{\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://
www.guardian.co.uk/money/2010/apr/07/farmville-user-debt-facebook./" }}{\fldrslt
{\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 http://www.guardian.co.uk/money/2010/apr/07/farm
ville-user-debt-facebook.}}} \par\pard\ql \li1439\ri1784\sb58\sl-550\slmult0\tx2
159\tx2159 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Jenkins,
H., & Cassell, J. (2008). From \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 Quake Grrls\ul0\nos
upersub\cf10\f11\fs24 to \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 Desperate Housewives\ul0
\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 : A decade of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100
gender and computer games. In Kafai et al (ed.) Beyond Barbie and Mortal Kombat.
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. \par\pard
\qj \li1439\ri1512\sb262\sl-560\slmult0\tx2159 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Jon
sson, P. (2011, 26 December). Boom in Internet gambling ahead? US policy reversa
l clears \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the way. \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f
14\fs24 The Christian Science Monitor\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 . Retrieved f
rom \par\pard\qj \li2159\ri1824\sb0\sl-560\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
{\field{\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.csmonitor.com/usa/2011/1226/boom-in-i
nternet-gambling-ahead-us-/" }}{\fldrslt {\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 http://w
ww.csmonitor.com/USA/2011/1226/Boom-in-Internet-gambling-ahead-US-}}}\line \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 policy-reversal-clears-th
e-way. \par\pard\ql \li1439\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1439\sb219\sl-276\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Krotoski, A. (2005). Socializing, subversi
on and the Self: Why women flock to Massively \par\pard\qj \li2159\ri1505\sb30\s
l-560\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game
s. In N. Garrelts (ed.) Digital Gameplay: Essays \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 o
n the nexus of game and gamer. Jefferson, NC: Mcfarland Press. \par\pard\ql \li1
439\ri1495\sb289\sl-550\slmult0\tx2159\tx2159 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Kush
ner, M. G., Abrams, K., Donahue, C., Thuras, P., Frost, R., & Kim, S. W. (2007).
Urge to \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 gamble in problem gamblers expo
sed to a casino environment. \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 Journal of Gambling \
line\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Studies, 23\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24
(2), 121-132. \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{
\bkmkstart Pg34}{\bkmkend Pg34}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li14
40\sb191\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10005 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf10\f11\fs24 Running Head: COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 Poon 33\par\pard\ql \li1440\ri1369\sb194\sl-560\slmult0\tx2160\tx2160 \u
p0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Lee, M., Ko, Y. K., Song, H., Kwon, K., Lee, H., Nam
, M., & Jung, I. (2007). Characteristics of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex
100 Internet use in relation to game genre in Korean adolescents. \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf13\f14\fs24 CyberPsychology & \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Behav
ior, 10\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 (2), 278-285. \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-2
76\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb219\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex10
0 Lefebvre, E. (2011, 9 May). Activision Blizzard posts record profits, WoW subs
declining. \par\pard\qj \li2159\ri1478\sb66\sl-540\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-2\
charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 Massively\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs
24 . Retrieved from {\field{\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://massively.joystiq.com/
2011/05/09/activision-blizzard-/" }}{\fldrslt {\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 htt
p://massively.joystiq.com/2011/05/09/activision-blizzard-}}}\line \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 posts-record-profits-with-a-largeshare-fro/. \par\pard\qj \li1439\ri1390\sb300\sl-540\slmult0\tx2159 \up0 \expndt
w-2\charscalex100 Loftus, G.R. & Loftus, E.F. (1983). Mind at Play: The Psycholo
gy of Video Games. New York: \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Basic Books
. \par\pard\ql \li1439\ri1632\sb11\sl-552\slmult0\tx2160\tx2160\tx2160 \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 Mars(ATWithMePls). (2008, 8 December). Salaries of Korean S
tarcraft Progamers. \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 Warcraft \line \tab \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 Blog: Clan oS - Old School \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 [We
b log post]. Retrieved from {\field{\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://clan-/" }}{\fl
drslt {\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 http://clan-}}}\line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\c

harscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 os.blogspot.com/2008/12/salaries-of-k
orean-starcraft-progamers.html. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Markey, P.
M. & Markey, C. N. (2010). Vulnerability to violent video games: A review and \l
ine\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 integration of personality research. \ul0\
nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 Review of General Psychology\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs
24 , \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 14\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 (2), 82-91. \
line \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Medic8. (2011). \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24
Gambling addiction\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 . Retrieved from \par\pard\ql \
li2160\sb236\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 {\field{\*\fldinst {HY
PERLINK "http://www.medic8.com/healthguide/articles/gambling.html" }}{\fldrslt {
\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 http://www.medic8.com/healthguide/articles/gamblin
g.html}}} \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri1657\sb34\sl-555\slmult0\tx2160\tx2160 \up0 \ex
pndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 National Opinion Research Ce
nter. (1999). Gambling impact and behavior study: Highlights. \line \tab \up0 \e
xpndtw-3\charscalex100 Retrieved July 30, 2007, from {\field{\*\fldinst {HYPERLI
NK "http://www2.norc.org/new/pdf/high.pdf./" }}{\fldrslt {\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f
11\fs24 http://www2.norc.org/new/pdf/high.pdf.}}} \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal
ex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Shaw, M., Black, D. W. (2008). Internet Addi
ction. \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 CNS\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 \ul0\nosu
persub\cf13\f14\fs24 Drugs\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 , \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f
14\fs24 22\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 (5), 353-365. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\char
scalex100 Skinner, B. F. (1938). \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 The behavior of O
rganisms: An Experimental Analysis\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 . New York: \lin
e\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Appleton-Century. \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\
paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg35}{\bkmkend Pg35}\par\pard
\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb191\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10005 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Running Head: COMPUTER G
AME ADDICTION\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Poon 34\par\pard\ql \li1440\ri14
83\sb194\sl-560\slmult0\tx2160\tx2160 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Stetina, B.
U., Kothgassner, O. D., Lehenbauer, M., & Kryspin-Exner, I. (2011). Beyond the \
line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 fascination of online-games: Probing addi
ctive behavior and depression in the world on \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 online-gaming. \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 Computers in Human Behavior\u
l0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 , \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 27\ul0\nosupersub\cf
10\f11\fs24 , 473-479. \par\pard\ql \li1439\ri1651\sb0\sl-550\slmult0\tx2159\tx2
159 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Sung, L. (2009, 20 March). China\u8217?s campa
ign against video game addiction proves effective. \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 Neoseeker.\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs2
4 Retrieved from {\field{\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.neoseeker.com/news/1
0205-chinas-campaign-/" }}{\fldrslt {\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 http://www.ne
oseeker.com/news/10205-chinas-campaign-}}}\line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
00 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 against-video-game-addiction-proves-effective/.
\par\pard\qj \li1439\ri1265\sb0\sl-560\slmult0\tx2159 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscale
x100 Thalemann, R., Wlfing, K., & Grsser, S. M. (2007). Specific cue reactivity on
computer game-\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 related cues in excessive
gamers. \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 Behavioral\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24
\ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 Neuroscience\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 , \ul0\n
osupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 121\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 (3), 614-618. \par\pard
\ql \li1439\ri1452\sb260\sl-550\slmult0\tx2159\tx2159 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex
100 Thomas, N. J., Martin, F. H. (2010). Video-arcade game, computer game and In
ternet activities \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 of Australian students
: Participation habits and prevalence of addiction. \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs2
4 American \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Journal of Psychology\ul0\no
supersub\cf10\f11\fs24 , \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 62\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f1
1\fs24 (2), 59-66. \par\pard\ql \li1439\ri1451\sb290\sl-550\slmult0\tx2159\tx215
9 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Weinstein, A. M. (2010). Computer and video game
addiction
A comparison between game \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
users and non-gamer users. \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 The American Journal of
Drug and Alcohol Abuse\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 , \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\
fs24 36\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 , 268-\line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex

100 276. \par\pard\ql \li1439\ri2398\sb14\sl-546\slmult0\fi0\tx2159 \up0 \expndt
w-2\charscalex100 World Health Organization. (2011). \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs
24 Management of substance abuse\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 . Retrieved from \
line \tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 {\field{\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://ww
w.who.int/substance_abuse/terminology/definition1/en/./" }}{\fldrslt {\ul0\nosup
ersub\cf10\f11\fs24 http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/terminology/definition1/e
n/.}}} \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Yee, N.
(2001). \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 Men are from Oggruk. Women are from Kelet
hin\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 . Retrieved from \line \up0 \expndtw-5\charscal
ex100 {\field{\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.nickyee.com/eqt/menwomen.html./"
}}{\fldrslt {\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 http://www.nickyee.com/eqt/menwomen.
html.}}} \par\pard\qj \li1439\ri1405\sb3\sl-560\slmult0\tx2159 \up0 \expndtw-2\c
harscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Young, K. (2009). Understanding onlin
e gaming addiction and treatment issues for adolescents. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw
-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 The American Journal of Family Th
erapy\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 , \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 37\ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf10\f11\fs24 , 355-372. \par\pard\qj \li1439\ri2672\sb0\sl-560\slmult0\tx2
159 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Young, K. S. (1998). Internet addiction: The e
mergence of a new clinical disorder. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul
0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24 CyberPsychology and Behavior\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\
fs24 , 1, 237-244. \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl
-240{\bkmkstart Pg36}{\bkmkend Pg36}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard
\li1440\sb191\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10005 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosu
persub\cf10\f11\fs24 Running Head: COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 Poon 35\par\pard\ql \li5529\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5529\
sb152\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Appendix A \par\pard\qj \li14
40\ri3703\sb83\sl-520\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Young\u8217?s Diagno
stic Questionnaire for Internet addiction (Young, 1998) \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 All questions are answered with yes or no. \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri1599\sb1
99\sl-280\slmult0\tx2160 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\
fs24 1.\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 Do you feel
preoccupied with the internet (think about previous online activity or \line\ta
b \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 anticipate next online sessions)? \par\pard\qj \
li1800\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1800\ri1425\sb220\sl-280\slmult0\tx2160
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 2.\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\
cf12\f13\fs24 Do you feel the need to use the internet with increasing amounts
of time in order to \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 achieve satisfaction
or for it to be enjoyable? \par\pard\qj \li1800\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\li1800\ri1318\sb240\sl-280\slmult0\tx2160 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 3.\ul0\
nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 Have you repeatedly mad
e unsuccessful efforts to control, cut back, or stop Internet \line\tab \up0 \ex
pndtw-4\charscalex100 use? \par\pard\qj \li1800\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\
li1800\ri1391\sb220\sl-280\slmult0\tx2160 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 4.\ul0\n
osupersub\cf23\f24\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 Do you feel restless, mo
ody, depressed, or irritable when attempting to cut down or \line\tab \up0 \expn
dtw-4\charscalex100 stop Internet use? \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \
par\pard\ql\li1800\sb248\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 5.\ul0\nos
upersub\cf23\f24\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 Do you stay online longer
than originally intended? \par\pard\qj \li1800\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\l
i1800\ri1342\sb221\sl-280\slmult0\tx2160 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 6.\ul0\no
supersub\cf23\f24\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 Have you jeopardized or r
isked the loss of a significant relationship, educational, or \line\tab \up0 \ex
pndtw-4\charscalex100 career opportunity because of your internet use? \par\pard
\qj \li1800\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1800\ri1607\sb240\sl-280\slmult0\t
x2160 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 7.\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs24 \ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf12\f13\fs24 Have you lied to family members, a therapist, or others to c
onceal how much you \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 use the internet? \p
ar\pard\qj \li1800\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1800\ri1464\sb220\sl-280\sl
mult0\tx2160 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 8.\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs24 \ul0
\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 Do you use the internet as a way of escaping from pro

blems or relieving feelings of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 helplessn
ess, guilt, anxiety, or depression? \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh
15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg37}{\bkmkend Pg37}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276
\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb191\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10005 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Running Head: COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION\tab
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Poon 36\par\pard\ql \li5536\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \pa
r\pard\ql\li5536\sb152\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Appendix B \
par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb250\sl-253\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf24\f25\fs22 1. Informed Consent \
par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1632\sb289\sl-300\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 IN
ORDER TO PROCEED TO THE SURVEY, PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING PARAGRAPH. IF \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex102 YOU AGREE WITH THE FOLLOWING, PLEASE CLICK YES, CONTINUE. I
F NOT, PLEASE CLICK \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 NO, AND YOU WILL BE EXITED FROM
THE SURVEY. \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb86\sl
-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 I am Amy Poon, a Senior Psychology Maj
or conducting my thesis on Computer Game \par\pard\ql \li1439\ri1266\sb0\sl-298\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Addiction. This extends to games played on
computers and games played with internet \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 conn
ections on mobile devices. There is not much research done on Computer Game \lin
e \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Addiction, and I hope that my research will contr
ibute to the growing number of papers \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 dedicat
ed to this subject. I also hope that my study will demonstrate the nature and \l
ine \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 importance of Computer Game Addiction, that wil
l dispel many stereotypes and myths that \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 are
common in today\u8217?s media. You do not have to participate in this research i
f you do not \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 feel comfortable with the topic
or are uncomfortable sharing personal information. If you do \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex105 decide to participate, I will take measures such as using password pro
tected computers and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 files to protect your informat
ion. I will also destroy all data once I am finished with my study. \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex105 You are free to stop the survey at any point in time or withdra
w from the study. If you are \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 confused about a
nything in this study, about this study, or have any questions at all then feel
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 free to contact me at amypoonthesis@gmail.com \par\
pard\ql \li1439\sb11\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf10\f11\fs24 -Yes \par\pard\ql \li1439\sb264\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 -No \par\pard\ql \li1439\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1439\sb2
08\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 2.
What is your Sex? \par\pard\ql \li1439\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 -Male \par\pard\ql \li1439\sb204\sl-276\s
lmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -Female \par\pard\ql \li1439\sb0\sl-276\slm
ult0 \par\pard\ql\li1439\sb128\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0
\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 What is your \par\pard\ql \li1439\sb1\sl-256\slmult0 \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Age? \par\pard\ql \li
1439\sb208\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 GPA? \par\pard\ql \li143
9\sb204\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs
24 4. What is your grade? \par\pard\ql \li1439\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs22 -\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Fre
shman \par\pard\ql \li1439\sb204\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -S
ophomore \par\pard\ql \li1439\sb204\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
-Junior \par\pard\ql \li1439\sb184\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
-Senior \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmk
start Pg38}{\bkmkend Pg38}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb
191\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10005 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1
0\f11\fs24 Running Head: COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
00 Poon 37\par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb152\sl-2
76\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -5-year or more \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb
204\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -IDP \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb204
\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Questions 5-12 will be answered wi
th yes or no. \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1735\sb201\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\c

harscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 5. Do you feel preoccupied with playi
ng computer games (think about previous gaming \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 act
ivity or anticipate next gaming sessions)? \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1303\sb217\sl260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 6. Do you feel the need to play comput
er games with increasing amounts of time in order to \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
00 achieve satisfaction or for it to be enjoyable? \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1873\s
b204\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 7. Have you repeatedly made un
successful efforts to control, cut back, or stop gaming \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 activities? \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1385\sb200\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 8. Do you feel restless, moody, depressed, or irritable when at
tempting to cut down or stop \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 gaming usage? \par\pa
rd\ql \li1440\sb184\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 9. Do you play
longer than originally intended? \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1702\sb201\sl-280\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 10. Have you jeopardized or risked the loss of a
significant relationship, educational, or \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 career
opportunity because of your gaming use? \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1463\sb200\sl-280
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 11. Have you lied to family members, a th
erapist, or others to conceal how much you play \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 co
mputer games? \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1489\sb180\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\c
harscalex100 12. Do you play computer games as a way of escaping from problems o
r relieving feelings \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 of helplessness, guilt, anxie
ty, or depression? \par\pard\qj \li1440\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1440\r
i1522\sb120\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 13. When refraining/con
trolling your computer game usage, have you ever felt any of the \up0 \expndtw-5
\charscalex100 following? \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-255\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 -Anxiety \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb8\
sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -Restlessness \par\pard\ql \li1440\
sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -Irritability \par\pard\ql \li1
440\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -Insomnia \par\pard\ql \li1
440\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -Headaches \par\pard\ql \li
1440\sb1\sl-256\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -Poor concentration \par\p
ard\ql \li1440\sb8\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -Depression \par
\pard\ql \li1440\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 -Social isolat
ion \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 -Sweat
ing \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -Racin
g heart \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-256\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 -P
alpitations \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb8\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
0 -Muscle tension \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 -Tightness in the chest \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 -Difficulty breathing \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb4\sl-276\slmu
lt0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -Tremor \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-256\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea \par\pard\ql \li1
440\sb8\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -N/A \par\pard\sect\sectd\f
s24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg39}{\bkmkend Pg39}\par\
pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb191\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10005
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Running Head: COMPUT
ER GAME ADDICTION\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Poon 38\par\pard\qj \li1440\
sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1440\ri1689\sb202\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 14. How would you rate your day?(
1 being absolutely terrible, 10 being one really great \line \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
rscalex100 day) \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb207\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 15. How many hours did you spend playing computer games today? \par\pard
\ql \li1440\sb204\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 16. Please choose
what types of computer game you are interested in. \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb4\sl276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 -First P
erson Shooters \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-256\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 -Adventure \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb8\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 -First Person Shooters \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 -Flash Games \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 -Massive Multiplayer Role Playing Games \par\pard\ql \li14

40\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -Simulation (such as Sims So
cial, Farmville) \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-256\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 -Strategy \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb8\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 -Social (found on websites such as Facebook and played with friends) \par
\pard\ql \li1440\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -Trivia \par\p
ard\ql \li1440\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -Puzzle \par\par
d\ql \li1440\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -Role Playing Game
s (single player) \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-256\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 -N/A \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb8\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
00 -Other (please specify) \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\
li1440\sb208\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f
13\fs24 17. What do you play games on? \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 -Desktop Computer \pa
r\pard\ql \li1440\sb184\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -Laptop \pa
r\pard\ql \li1440\sb204\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -Mobile Pho
ne \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb204\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -Tabl
et \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb204\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -Webenabled media player (such as ipod) \par\pard\ql \li1514\sb204\sl-276\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -N/A \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb184\sl-276\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 -Other (please specify) \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri1273\sb2
01\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 18
. When you are near your device do you feel more comfortable and secure, and whe
n you \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 are away from your device do you feel less c
omfortable and secure (on a scale of 1-5, 1 \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
being true, 3 being doesn't matter, and 5 being false) \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\
sl-255\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 -Very
true \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb8\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -Tru
e \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -not rea
lly \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -false
\par\pard\ql \li1440\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -extremel
y false \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-256\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -N
/A \par\pard\qj \li1440\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1440\sb0\sl-280\slmult
0 \par\pard\qj\li1440\ri1260\sb5\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 19. Please type in the major computer games (by titl
e) you enjoy playing or enjoyed playing \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 in the pas
t 3 months. \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\b
kmkstart Pg40}{\bkmkend Pg40}\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1440
\sb191\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10005 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\
cf10\f11\fs24 Running Head: COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 Poon 39\par\pard\ql \li5536\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5536\sb0\sl276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5536\sb156\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
00 Appendix C \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb204\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 1. What is today's date? \par\pard\ql \li144
0\sb44\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs2
4 -Sunday \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
-Monday \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-256\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -T
uesday \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb8\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -We
dnesday \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -T
hursday \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -F
riday \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -Sat
urday \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb188\sl-276\s
lmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 2. What are t
he last four numbers of your ID? \par\pard\qj \li1440\sb0\sl-320\slmult0 \par\pa
rd\qj\li1440\ri1749\sb208\sl-320\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 3. How wo
uld you rate your day? (1 being absolutely terrible, 10 being one really great \
line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 day) \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li1440\sb261\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 4. How ma
ny hours did you spend playing computer games today? \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24}

GHGJH

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Judul Asli

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

GHGJH

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

{\rtf1{\fonttbl

{\f2 Arial Bold;}

pard\ql\li3456\sb0\sl-540\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3456\sb0\sl-540\slmult0 \par\pa

ecessary precaution must be taken \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 in explori

ab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 For problematic gambling (also known as gamblin

b8\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 addiction. For instance, Thomas

Running Head: COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Poon 9\p

ir parents\u8217? credit card may accidentally rack \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\pa

d\ql \li1440\ri1281\sb56\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 gambling a

\expndtw-2\charscalex100 3. The computer addicted and social player groups will

endix B). \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs24

{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 75}}

rsub\cf13\f14\fs24 n \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24

b191\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10005 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf

ndtw-2\charscalex100 Third, my hypothesis that there would be more females playi

esentative \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 of Trinity College (see Table 1).

e source of turmoil \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 and help them deal with it in

\li1440\ri2216\sb186\sl-553\slmult0\tx2160\tx2159 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100

dinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-201_162-7000628.html./" }}{\fldrsl

195\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Insley, J. (2010, 7 April). Far

drslt {\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 http://clan-}}}\line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\c

fs24 36\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 , 268-\line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex

\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 Do you use the internet as a way of escaping from pro

th yes or no. \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1735\sb201\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\c

pndtw-3\charscalex100 -Massive Multiplayer Role Playing Games \par\pard\ql \li14

Anda mungkin juga menyukai