Unit 5 Chem Rxns

1
Unit 5
Chemical
Reactions
Chemical Reactions
All chemical reactions have two

parts:
1) A substance that undergoes a
reaction is called a reactant.
In other words, reactants are the
substances you start with.
Chemical Reactions
2) When reactants undergo a
chemical change, each new
substance formed is called a
product.
In other words, the products are
the substances you end up with.
Chemical Reactions
The reactants turn into the products.
Reactants Products
Chemical Reactions
In a chemical reaction, the way atoms
are joined is changed.
Atoms arent created or destroyed.
Chemical Reactions
Chemical reactions can be described

several ways.
In a sentence
Copper reacts with chlorine to form
copper (II) chloride.
In a word equation
Copper + chlorine copper (II) chloride
Symbols Used in
Equations
The arrow separates the reactants

from the products
The arrow reads reacts to form.
The plus sign reads and
Symbols Used in
Equations
(s) after the formula - solid

(g) after the formula - gas
(l) after the formula liquid
(aq) after the formula aqueous
(a solid dissolved in water)
Symbols Used in
Equations
used after a product indicates a

gas, same as (g)
used after a product indicates a
solid, same as (s)
10
h
e
a
t
Pt
,
Symbols Used in
Equations
indicates a reversible
reaction. (More info later)
shows that
heat is supplied to the reaction
is used to indicate a
catalyst used supplied, in this case,
platinum.
11
What is a Catalyst?
A catalyst is a substance that speeds
up a reaction without being changed
by the reaction.
Enzymes are biological or protein
catalysts.
12
Diatomic Elements
There are 7 elements that never want
to be alone.
They form diatomic molecules.
H2 , N2 , O2 , F2 , Cl2 , Br2 and I2
1 + 7 pattern on the periodic table
13
Diatomic Elements
14
Indications of a
Chemical Reaction
The following is an indication that a

chemical reaction has occurred:
formation of a precipitate
15
Indications of a
Chemical Reaction

evolution of a gas
16
Indications of a
Chemical Reaction

color change
17
Indications of a
Chemical Reaction

absorption or release of heat
18
Product Testing
A test for oxygen gas: Take a glowing

splint and place it in a sample of gas,
if it re-ignites the gas is oxygen.
19
Product Testing
A test for hydrogen gas: Use a
flaming wooden splint. H2 gas will
make a squeaky pop when lit in air.
Care needs to
be taken with
this test
as large
amounts of
hydrogen are
very explosive
in air.
20
Product Testing
A test for carbon dioxide gas: CO2

will extinguish a flame.
21
Product Testing
A second test for

carbon dioxide gas:
CO2 is bubbled
through limewater,
and calcium
carbonate solid is
formed causing the
limewater to become
cloudy.
22
Skeleton Equation
A skeleton formula uses formulas
and symbols to describe a reaction.
All chemical equations are sentences
that describe reactions.
23
Problem
1) Convert the following sentence to a
chemical equation.
a) Solid iron (III) sulfide reacts with
gaseous hydrogen chloride to form
solid iron (II) chloride and
hydrogen sulfide gas.
Fe2S3 (s) + HCl (g)

FeCl2 (s) + H2S (g)
24
Problem
Convert the following sentence to a
chemical equation.
b) Nitric acid dissolved in water reacts
with solid sodium carbonate to form
liquid water and carbon dioxide gas
and sodium nitrate dissolved in water.
HNO3 (aq) + Na2CO3 (s) H2O

(l) + CO2 (g) + NaNO3 (aq)
25
Problem
2) Convert the following chemical
equation to a sentence.
a) Fe (s) + O2 (g) Fe2O3 (s)
Solid iron reacts with oxygen gas to
form solid iron (III) oxide.
26
Problem
Convert the following chemical
equation to a sentence.
b) Cu (s) + AgNO3 (aq)
Ag (s) + Cu(NO3)2 (aq)
Solid copper reacts with silver nitrate
dissolved in water to form solid silver
and copper (II) nitrate dissolved in water.
27
Balancing Chemical
Equations
28
The Balanced Equation

Atoms cant be created or destroyed.
All the atoms we start with we must
end up with.
A balanced equation has the same
number of each element on both
sides of the equation.
29
O
O
C + O2 CO
This equation is NOT balanced.

There is one carbon atom on the left
and one on the right.
There are two oxygen atoms on the
left and only one on the right.
30
O
O
C + O2 CO
We need one more oxygen atom in

the products.
We cant change the formula,
because it describes what it is.
31
O
O
In order to have two oxygen atoms,

another CO must be produced.
But where did the other carbon come
from?
32
C
+
C
O
O
We must have started with two

carbon atoms.
33
C
+
C
O
O
The balanced chemical equation is

2 C + O2 2 CO
34
Rules for Balancing

1. Write the correct formulas for all
the reactants and products.
2. Count the number of atoms of each
type appearing on both sides.
3. Balance the elements one at a time
by adding coefficients (the
numbers in front).
4. Check to make sure it is balanced.
35
Rules for Balancing

Coefficients are used as multipliers.
For example, 2Na2CO3 means that there
are 4 sodium atoms, 2 carbon atoms and
6 oxygen atoms.
36
Never
Never change a subscript to balance an
equation.
If you change the formula you are
describing a different reaction.
37
Never
Never put a coefficient in the middle of
a formula.
2 NaCl is okay; Na2Cl is not.
38
Example
H2 + O2 H2O
Make a table to keep track of where you
are in the balancing process.
39
Example
H2 + O2 H2O
Reacta
nts2
2
Product
H s 2
O
1
We need twice as much O in the product.
40
Example
H2 + O2 2 H2
O the
We need 2 oxygen atoms on
product side, so a coefficient of 2
should be placed in front of water.
41
Example
H2 + O2 2 H2
O
We must recalculate the number
of
hydrogen and oxygen atoms on the
right. Coefficients are used as
multipliers. R
P
2 H
24
2 O
1 2
42
Example
H2 + O2 2 H2
O
Now we need 4 hydrogen atoms on

the reactant side.
R
2 H
P
4
2 O
43
Example
2 H2 + O2 2 H2
O
A coefficient of 2 should be placed in

front of hydrogen gas.
R
4 2 H
P
4
2 O
44
Example
2 H2 + O2 2 H2
O
The equation is balanced; it has the same

number of each kind of atom on both
sides!
R
4 H
P
4
2 O
45
Example
2H +O
2
2
2H O
2
R
P
4 2 H 2 4
2 O 1 2
This is the answer,
not this.
46
Balancing Hints
Balance elements in the following

order:
1) metals
2) nonmetals
3) hydrogen
4) oxygen
47
Balancing Hints
If an atom appears more than once on
a side, balance it last.
If you fix everything except one
element, and it is even on one side
and odd on the other, double the first
number, and then move on from there.
48
Problem
3) Balance the following equation.
a) CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O
CH4 + 2 O2 CO2 + 2 H2O
49
Problem
Balance the following equation.
b) AgNO3 + Cu Cu(NO3)2 + Ag
2 AgNO3 + Cu Cu(NO3)2 + 2 Ag
50
Problem
c) Mg + N2 Mg3N2
3 Mg + N2 Mg3N2
51
Problem
d) P + O2 P4O10
4 P + 5 O2 P4O10
52
Problem
e) Na + H2O H2 + NaOH
2 Na + 2 H2O H2 + 2 NaOH
Problem
f) Pb(NO3)2 + K2CrO4 PbCrO4 + KNO3
53
Pb(NO3)2 + K2CrO4 PbCrO4 + 2 KNO3
Problem
54
g) MnO2 + HCl MnCl2 + H2O+ Cl2
MnO2 + 4 HCl MnCl2 + 2 H2O + Cl2
Problem
h) Ba(CN)2 + H2SO4 BaSO4 + HCN
55
Ba(CN)2 + H2SO4 BaSO4 + 2 HCN
Problem
i) Zn(OH)2 + H3PO4 Zn3(PO4)2 + H2O
3 Zn(OH)2 + 2 H3PO4 Zn3(PO4)2 + 6 H2O
56
57
Types of Reactions
Predicting the Products
58
Types of Reactions
59
Types of Reactions
Reactions fall into 5 categories.

1. Synthesis
2. Decomposition
3. Single replacement
4. Double replacement
5. Combustion
60
Synthesis Reactions
Whenever two or more substances

combine to form one single product,
the reaction is called a synthesis
reaction.
61
Synthesis
62
Synthesis Reactions
63
Synthesis Reactions
Key: M = Metal; NM = Nonmetal
a. Formation of binary compound:
A + B AB
b. Metal oxide and water:
MO + H2O base
c. Nonmetal oxide and water:
(NM)O + H2O acid
64
Synthesis Reactions
a. Formation of binary compound:
A + B AB
If the synthesis reaction has two
elements as reactants, just combine
the elements, metals first, and crisscross oxidation numbers if
necessary.
65
Synthesis Reactions
Example
Mg + N2
Mg
2+
3-
66
Synthesis Reactions
The charges do not add to give

zero.
2+
Mg 3
32
67
Synthesis Reactions
Example
Mg + N2 Mg3N2
68
Synthesis Reactions
Now the reaction needs to be

balanced.
3 Mg
+ N2 Mg3N2
69
Synthesis Reactions
b. Metal oxide and water:

MO + H2O base
A base is a metallic hydroxide.
70
Synthesis Reactions
Example
CaO + H2O
CaO is a metallic oxide. A metallic

oxide plus water should yield a base
(a metallic hydroxide).
71
Synthesis Reactions
Example
CaO + H2O
Ca
2+
OH
1-
72
Synthesis Reactions
The charges do not add to give
zero, so you must criss-cross.
The hydroxide needs parenthesis.
2+
1Ca 1 ( OH ) 2
73
Synthesis Reactions
Example
CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2
74
Synthesis Reactions
Check the balancing.
CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2
The reaction is already balanced!
75
Synthesis Reactions
c. Nonmetal oxide and water:

(NM)O + H2O acid
The acid will be a ternary acid,
hydrogen with a polyatomic ion.
76
Synthesis Reactions
Example
SO2 + H2O
SO2 is a nonmetallic oxide. A nonmetallic

oxide plus water will yield an acid, a
ternary acid.
77
Synthesis Reactions
Example
SO2 + H2O
Ternary acids start with H and end in O.

The other element goes in the center.
78
Synthesis Reactions
Example
SO2 + H2O
H S O
This is the only compound for which you

can add the number of elements and use
these numbers as subscripts.
79
Synthesis Reactions
Example
SO2 + H2O
H 2S 1O3
There are
is one
2 hydrogens.
three
sulfur.
oxygens.
80
Synthesis Reactions
Example
SO2 + H2O H2SO3
The reaction is balanced.
81
Problem
4) Write and balance the following
synthesis reaction.
a) Ca + Cl2
Remember that the first step is to
write the formula.
Then balance.
Ca + Cl2 CaCl2
82
Problem
Write and balance the following
synthesis reaction.
b) Fe + O2
HINT: Use iron (II).
2 Fe + O2 2 FeO
83
Problem
synthesis reaction.
c) K2O + H2O
K2O + H2O 2 KOH
84
Problem
synthesis reaction.
d) Al + O2
4 Al + 3 O2 2 Al2O3
85
Problem
synthesis reaction.
e) SO3 + H2O
SO3 + H2O H2SO4
86
Problem
synthesis reaction.
f) N2O5 + H2O
N2O5 + H2O 2 HNO3
87
Decomposition
Reactions
decompose = fall apart

In a decomposition reaction, one
compound breaks down into two or
more simple substances.
88
Decomposition
89
Decomposition
Reactions
90
Decomposition
Key: M =Reactions
Metal; NM = Nonmetal
a. Binary compounds:
AB A + B
b. Metallic carbonates:
MCO3 MO + CO2
c. Metallic hydrogen carbonates:
MHCO3
MCO3 (s) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
91
Decomposition
Key: M =Reactions
Metal; NM = Nonmetal
d. Metallic hydroxides:
MOH MO + H2O
e. Metallic chlorates:
MClO3 MCl + O2
f. Oxyacids decompose to nonmetal oxides
and water:
acid (NM)O + H2O
92
Decomposition
Reactions
a. Binary compounds:
AB A + B
A binary compound is made up of

only two elements.
The compound merely falls apart
into its elements.
93
H2O
e lctri
y
Decomposition
Reactions
H
+ O
Both of these elements are

diatomic!!!
94
H2O
e lcterlict
yriy
Decomposition
Reactions
H
+ O
Now we must balance.
2 H2O
2 H2 +
O2
95
HgO
Decomposition
Reactions
Hg + O
Oxygen is diatomic!!!
96
HgO
Decomposition
Reactions
Hg
+ O
Now we must balance.
2 HgO
2 Hg + O2
97
Decomposition
Reactions
b. Metallic carbonates:
MCO3 MO + CO2
98
Example

decomposition reaction.
NiCO3
NiCO3 is a metallic carbonate.
99
Example
NiCO
NiCO3 is called nickel (II) carbonate.
The Chemistry Reference Tables

state that a metallic carbonate
decomposes to form a MO (metallic
oxide) and CO2.
100
Example
NiCO
The metallic oxide is nickel (II) oxide.
Ni
2+
2-
The two oxidation numbers add to

give zero, so the formula is NiO.
101
Example
NiCO3
NiO + CO2
The reaction is already balanced!
102
Decomposition
Reactions
c. Metallic hydrogen carbonates:

MHCO3 MCO3 (s) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
Example
103

Ca(HCO3)2
Ca(HCO3)2 is a metallic hydrogen

carbonate. The Chemistry Reference
Tables state that a metallic carbonate
decomposes to form a MO (metallic
oxide), water and CO2.
104
Example
Ca(HCO
3) 2
The metallic oxide is calcium oxide.

2+
Ca
2-

give zero, so the formula is CaO.
Example
105
Ca(HCO3)2
CaO + H2O + 2 CO2
106
Decomposition
Reactions
d. Metallic hydroxides:
MOH MO + H2O
Example
107

KOH
KOH is a base (a metallic hydroxide).

The Chemistry Reference Tables state
that a base decomposes to form a MO
(metallic oxide) and water.
108
Example
KOH
The metallic oxide is calcium oxide.
1+
2-
The two oxidation numbers DO NOT

add to give zero, so you must crisscross.
109
Example
2 KOH
K2O + H2O
110
Decomposition
Reactions
e. Metallic chlorates:
MClO3 MCl + O2
Example
111

AgClO3
AgClO3 is a metallic chlorate. The

Chemistry Reference Tables state that
a base decomposes to form a metallic
chloride and oxygen gas.
112
Example
AgClO3
The metallic chloride is silver chloride.
Ag
1+
Cl
1-

give zero, so no criss-crossing.
113
Example
2 AgClO3
2 AgCl + 3 O2
114
Decomposition
Reactions
f. Oxyacids decompose to nonmetal

oxides and water:
acid (NM)O + H2O
Example
115

H3PO4
H3PO4 is an acid. The Chemistry

Reference Tables state that an
decomposes to form a nonmetallic
oxide and water.
116
Example
2 H3PO4
P?O? + 3 H2O
Remember for acids you can steal

subscripts.
Because the hydrogens do not
balance, you have to balance them
first.
117
Example
2 H3PO4
P? O ? + 3H2O
2
Now there are 2 Ps on the left and

8 Os on the left.
3 of the 8 oxygens are in the water,
so that only leaves 5 more.
118
Example
2 H3PO4
P2O5 + 3H2O
119
Problem
a) KClO3
2 KClO3 2 KCl + 3 O2
120
Problem
b) CaBr2
CaBr2 Ca + Br2
121
Problem
c) Li2CO3
Li2CO3 Li2O + CO2
122
Problem
d) Cr(OH)2
Cr(OH)2 CrO + H2O
123
Problem
e) NaHCO3
2 NaHCO3
Na2O + H2O + 2 CO2
124
Problem
f) HNO2
Dinitrogen trioxide one of the

products.
2 HNO2 N2O3 + H2O
125
Single Replacement
In a single-displacement reaction,
one element takes the place of
another in a compound.
One reactant must be an element and
one reactant must be a compound.
The products will be a different
element and a different compound.
126
Single
Replacement
127
Single Replacement
Remember zinc, Zn, always forms a
+2 ion doesnt need parenthesis.
In addition, silver, Ag, always forms a
+1 ion.
128
Single Replacement
Some single replacement reactions do

not occur because some elements are
not as active as others.
129
Single Replacement
There is a list referred to as the
Activity Series on page 7 of your
Chemistry Reference Packet.
A higher element on the list replaces
lower element.
If the element by itself is lower on the
list, the reaction will NOT occur.
130
Single Replacement
Reactions
a. Metal-Metal replacement:
A + BC AC + B
b. Active metal replaces H from water:
M + H2O MOH + H2
131
Single Replacement
Reactions
c. Active metal replaces H from acid:

M + HX MX + H2
d. Halide-Halide replacement:
D + BC BD + C
132
Single Replacement
Reactions
a. Metal-Metal replacement:
A + BC AC + B
You must check the activity series on

page 7 of your Chemistry Reference
Packet to see if this is possible.
133
Single Replacement
K + NaCl
Potassium wants to replace sodium.
134
Single Replacement
K + NaCl
Is potassium higher than sodium on

the Activity Series of Metals?
YES!!
135
Single Replacement
K + NaCl KCl + Na
Because K is higher, potassium can

replace sodium.
The potassium will bond with the

chlorine and the sodium will be alone.
Single Replacement
136
K + NaCl KCl + Na
You must always check to see if the

compound formed needs criss-crossing.
1+
Cl
1-
Since the charges add to get zero, the

formula remains KCl.
137
Single Replacement
K + NaCl KCl + Na
Check for balancing.
The reaction is balanced!
138
Single Replacement
Sn + FeCl3
Tin wants to replace iron.

139
Single Replacement
Metals replace metals
Sn + FeCl3
Is tin higher than iron on the Activity

Series of Metals?
NO!!
140
Single Replacement
Metals replace metals
Sn + FeCl3 No reaction
Because Sn is NOT higher, tin cannot

replace iron.
No reaction occurs.
141
Single Replacement
Reactions
b. Active metal replaces H from water:

M + H2O MOH + H2

142
Single Replacement
Metals replace hydrogen
Na + H2O (cold)
Think of water as HOH.

Metals high enough on the activity
series replace the first H and combine
with the OH1- (hydroxide) according to
page 6 of the Reference Tables.
143
Single Replacement
Na
+ HOH (cold)
Is sodium above hydrogen and

higher than the line marked Replace
hydrogen from cold water on the
activity series?
YES!!
144
Single Replacement
Na
+ HOH (cold) NaOH + H
Sodium replaces the first H, bonding

with hydroxide.
145
Single Replacement
Na
+ H2O (cold) NaOH + H 2
But hydrogen is diatomic.
Now check the criss-crossing for

NaOH.
146
Single Replacement
Na
+ H2O (cold) NaOH + H 2

Na 1+ OH 1-
No criss-crossing is needed for NaOH.
147
Single Replacement
Na
+ 2 H2O (cold) 2 NaOH + H 2
Now check the balancing.
The 2s are needed to balance the

hydrogens, but now Na is not
balanced.
Single Replacement
2 Na
148
+ 2H2O (cold) 2 NaOH + H

2
Now the reaction is balanced!
149
Single Replacement
Reactions
c. Active metal replaces H from acid:

M + HX MX + H2

150
Single Replacement
Mg + HCl
Metals higher on the activity series

replace the H and combine with the
nonmetal according to page 6 of the
Reference Tables. Hydrogen gas is a
second product.
151
Single Replacement
Mg
+ HCl
Is magnesium above hydrogen on

the activity series?
YES!!
152
Single Replacement
Mg
+ HCl
MgCl + H
Magnesium replaces the H, bonding

with the chloride ion.
153
Single Replacement
Mg
+ HCl
MgCl + H 2
But hydrogen is diatomic.
Now check the criss-crossing for

MgCl.
154
Single Replacement
Mg
+ HCl
MgCl + H 2
2+ 1Mg Cl
Criss-crossing is needed.
MgCl2
155
Single Replacement
Mg
+ 2 HCl MgCl2 + H 2
Now check the balancing.
The 2 is added to balance the

hydrogen and the chlorine.
156
Single Replacement
Reactions
d. Halide-Halide replacement:
D + BC BD + C

157
Single Replacement
Nonmetals can replace other

nonmetals.
This is limited to F2 , Cl2 , Br2 , I2
The order of activity is listed in the

Chemistry Reference Packet, page 7.
Higher replaces lower.
158
Single Replacement
F2
+ HCl
Is fluorine above chlorine in the activity

series of halogens?
YES!!
159
Single Replacement
F2
+ HCl HF + Cl
Fluorine replaces the chlorine, bonding

with hydrogen.
160
Single Replacement
F2
+ HCl HF + Cl 2
But chlorine is diatomic.
Check the oxidation numbers of H and

F.
1+
1H F
161
Single Replacement
F2
+ HCl HF + Cl 2
Check balancing.
F2
+ 2 HCl 2 HF + Cl2
162
Problem
single replacement reaction.
a) Rb + AlN
3 Rb + AlN Rb3N + Al
163
Problem
Write and balance the following single
replacement reaction.
b) Zn + HCl
Zn + 2 HCl ZnCl2 + H2
164
Problem
c) Ag + CoBr2
Ag + CoBr2 no reaction
165
Problem
d) Ag + H2O (steam)
Ag + H2O (steam) no reaction
166
Problem
e) Cu + H2SO4
Cu + H2SO4 no reaction
167
Problem
f) Cr + H3PO4
(HINT: Use Cr3+ )
2Cr + 2H3PO4 2CrPO4 + 3H2
168
Problem
g) Ca + H2O (steam)
Ca + 2H2O (steam) Ca(OH)2 + H2
169
Problem
h) Br2 + KCl
Br2 + KCl no reaction
170
Problem
i) Cl2 + KI
Cl2 + 2 KI 2 KCl + I2
171
Double Replacement
In double-displacement reactions, the
positive portions of two ionic
compounds are interchanged.
The reactants must be two ionic
compounds or acids.
Double replacement reactions usually
take place in aqueous solution.
172
Double
Replacement
+
173
Double Replacement
Reactions
DOUBLE REPLACEMENT:
AB + CD AD + CB
a. Formation of a precipitate from
solution
b. Acid-Base neutralization
174
Double Replacement
Reactions
DOUBLE REPLACEMENT:
AB + CD AD + CB
a. Formation of a precipitate from

solution
175
Example
NaOH
+ FeCl3
The positive ions change place.
You must check to see if you need to

criss-cross the products.
NaOH + FeCl3 Fe+3 OH- + Na+1Cl-1
NaOH + FeCl3 Fe(OH)3 + NaCl
176
Example
NaOH
+ FeCl3 Fe(OH)3 + NaCl
Now balance.
3NaOH + FeCl3 Fe(OH)3 + 3 NaCl
177
Double Replacement
A double replacement reaction will

only happen if one of the products:
doesnt dissolve in water and
forms a solid,
is a gas that bubbles out, or
is a covalent compound usually
water.
178
Example
3NaOH
+ FeCl3 Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl
None of the products are familiar

gases. Both products are ionic (not
covalent) because they start with
metals.
179
Example
3NaOH
We must consult the Solubility Rules

on page 6 of the Chemistry Reference
Tables to determine if a solid (a
precipitate) is formed.
180
Example
3NaOH
The Soluble side of the Solubility

Rules states that Group 1 (IA) salts are
soluble; therefore, NaCl is soluble and
is NOT the precipitate.
181
Example
3NaOH
The Insoluble side of the Solubility

Rules states that all hydroxides except
Group 1, Sr2+, Ba2+ and NH41+ are
INSOLUBLE.
Therefore, Fe(OH)3 is the precipitate
(solid).
182
Problem
double replacement reaction.
Assume the reaction takes place.
a) CaCl2
+ NaOH
CaCl2 + 2 NaOH
Ca(OH)2 + 2 NaCl
183
Problem
Identify the precipitate.
CaCl2 + 2 NaOH
Ca(OH)2 + 2 NaCl
Ca(OH)2 is the precipitate.
184
Problem
Write and balance the following double
replacement reaction. Assume the
reaction takes place.
b) CuCl2
+ K2S
CuCl2 + K2S CuS + 2 KCl
185
Problem
CuCl2 + K2S CuS + 2 KCl

CuS is the precipitate.
186
Problem
c) KOH
+ Fe(NO3)3
3 KOH + Fe(NO3)3
3 KNO3 + Fe(OH)3
187
Problem
3 KOH + Fe(NO3)3 3 KNO3 + Fe(OH)3
Fe(OH)3 is the precipitate.
188
Problem
d) (NH4)2SO4
+ BaF2
(NH4)2SO4 + BaF2
2 NH4F + BaSO4
189
Problem
(NH4)2SO4 + BaF2 2 NH4F + BaSO4
BaSO4 is the precipitate.
190
Double Replacement
Reactions
DOUBLE REPLACEMENT:
AB + CD AD + CB
b. Acid-Base neutralization
Remember that an acid starts with H

and a base is a metallic hydroxide.
One product will be HOH (H 2O).
191
Example
H2SO3
+ NaOH
The positive ions change place.
You must check to see if you need to

criss-cross the products.
H2SO3 + NaOH Na+1 SO3-2 + H+1OH-1
H2SO3 + NaOH Na2SO3 + H2O
192
Problem
8. Write and balance the following
a) HCl
+ Ca(OH)2
2 HCl + Ca(OH)2
CaCl2 + 2 H2O
193
Problem
8. Write and balance the following
b) H3PO4
+ CuOH
H3PO4 + 3 CuOH
Cu3PO4 + 3 H2O
194
Combustion
A combustion reaction is one in
which a substance rapidly combines
with oxygen to form one or more
oxides.
Combustion reactions involve a
compound composed of only C and
H (and maybe O) that is reacted with
oxygen gas.
195
Combustion
196
Combustion
If the combustion is complete, the

products will be CO2 and H2O.
Combustion reactions produce heat,

and are therefore considered
exothermic reactions.
197
Combustion
198
Combustion
199
Combustion Reactions
Hydrocarbon + oxygen
carbon dioxide + water
A hydrocarbon is a compound that

contains both hydrogen and carbon.
200
Example
Complete and balance the following

combustion reaction.
C4H10
+ O2 CO2 + H2O
Now balance.
Example
C4H10
201
4
+ 13/2O2 CO
2 + 5H2O
Fractions are not allowed, so multiply

all coefficients by 2.
2 C4H10 + 13O2 CO
8
2 + 10H2O
202
Problem
9) Complete and balance the following
a) C6H12O6 + O2
C6H12O6 + 6 O2
6 CO2 + 6 H2O
203
Problem
b) C8H8 + O2
C8H8 + 10 O2
8 CO2 + 4 H2O
204
Problem
c) C3H8O3 + O2
2 C3H8O3 + 7 O2
6 CO2 + 8 H2O
How to Recognize
Which Reaction
Type
Look at the
reactants. (E = element; C = compound)
E + E or oxide + water
C
E+C
C+C
replacement
hydrocarbon + O2
205
Synthesis
Decomposition
Single replacement
Double
Combustion
206
Problem
10) Identify whether the reaction is
synthesis, decomposition, single
replacement, double replacement or
combustion.
a) H2 + O2
(synthesis)
b) H2O H2 + O2
(decomposition)
207
Problem
Identify whether the reaction is

combustion.
c) Mg(OH)2 + H2SO3
MgSO3 + H2O
(double replacement)
208
Problem

combustion.
d) HgO Hg + O2
(decomposition)
209
Problem

combustion.
e) KBr + Cl2 KCl + Br2

(single replacement)
f) Zn + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2
(single replacement)
Problem
210
Identify whether the reaction is synthesis,

decomposition, single replacement, double
replacement or combustion.
g) AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl + NaCl

(double replacement)
h) C6H6 + O2 CO2 + H2O

(combustion)

Unit 5 Chem Rxns

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Unit 5 Chem Rxns

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1

All chemical reactions have two

Chemical reactions can be described

The arrow separates the reactants

(s) after the formula - solid

used after a product indicates a

reaction. (More info later)

H2 , N2 , O2 , F2 , Cl2 , Br2 and I2

1 + 7 pattern on the periodic table

The following is an indication that a

The following is an indication that a

The following is an indication that a

The following is an indication that a

A test for oxygen gas: Take a glowing

A test for carbon dioxide gas: CO2

A second test for

Fe2S3 (s) + HCl (g)

HNO3 (aq) + Na2CO3 (s) H2O

The Balanced Equation

This equation is NOT balanced.

We need one more oxygen atom in

In order to have two oxygen atoms,

We must have started with two

The balanced chemical equation is

Rules for Balancing

Rules for Balancing

We need twice as much O in the product.

Now we need 4 hydrogen atoms on

A coefficient of 2 should be placed in

The equation is balanced; it has the same

Balance elements in the following

a) CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O

CH4 + 2 O2 CO2 + 2 H2O

f) Pb(NO3)2 + K2CrO4 PbCrO4 + KNO3

Pb(NO3)2 + K2CrO4 PbCrO4 + 2 KNO3

g) MnO2 + HCl MnCl2 + H2O+ Cl2

MnO2 + 4 HCl MnCl2 + 2 H2O + Cl2

h) Ba(CN)2 + H2SO4 BaSO4 + HCN

Ba(CN)2 + H2SO4 BaSO4 + 2 HCN

i) Zn(OH)2 + H3PO4 Zn3(PO4)2 + H2O

3 Zn(OH)2 + 2 H3PO4 Zn3(PO4)2 + 6 H2O

Reactions fall into 5 categories.

Whenever two or more substances

The charges do not add to give

Now the reaction needs to be

b. Metal oxide and water:

CaO is a metallic oxide. A metallic

CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2

Check the balancing.

CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2

The reaction is already balanced!

c. Nonmetal oxide and water:

SO2 is a nonmetallic oxide. A nonmetallic

Ternary acids start with H and end in O.

This is the only compound for which you

SO2 + H2O H2SO3

The reaction is balanced.

K2O + H2O 2 KOH

decompose = fall apart

A binary compound is made up of

Both of these elements are

Now we must balance.