Referat Skoliosis
Referat Skoliosis
Pendahuluan
Skoliosis (bahasa Yunani) lengkungan
Definisi
Deformitas tulang belakang
Epidemiologi
AS 3-5 per 1000 anak (0.3%)
Indonesia 2% dari total 85% idiopatik,
>
Kelengkungan > 10% 1.9-3%
Kelengkungan > 20% 0.3%
>90% skoliosis idiopatik regio torakalis dan
ke arah kanan
Anatomi
Kelengkungan normal
Lordosis cervikalis
(anterior, 200-400)
Kifosis torakalis
(dorsal, 200-400)
Lordosis lumbalis
(anterior, 400-600)
Kifosis sakralis (sakral)
Deskripsi kurva
Arah skoliosis
Kurva mayor/ primer
Kurva kompensatori
Kurva mayor double
Apex kurva
Letak kurva
Bentuk kurva
Derajat skoliosis
Derajat skoliosis tergantung pada besarnya
Diagnosis
Anamnesis
Pemeriksaan fisik
Pemeriksaan penunjang
X-Ray
MRI
1. Anamnesis
Usia, jenis kelamin
Riwayat keluarga
Kelainan selama kehamilan atau persalinan
Keluhan nyeri
Deformitas lanjut
Riwayat kesehatan umum
2. Pemeriksaan Fisik
Forward bending test (Adams test)
Pemeriksaan neurologik
Skoliometer
u/ mengukur
sudut kurvatura
3. Pemeriksaan Penunjang
X-Ray
Posisi Postero-Anterior
Posisi Lateral Bending
Pola kurva
Pengukuran sudut
Rotasi
Kedewasaan tulang (bone maturation)
Pola kurva
processus spinosus
Foto pelvis AP
Menilai capping iliac apophysis
MRI
Klasifikasi King-Moe
Tipe I: kuva lumbal > kurva torakal
Tipe II: kurva torakal > kurva lumbal
Tipe III: kurva torakal dengan kurva lumbal
Klasifikasi Lenke
Terdiri 6 tipe kurva berdasarkan tiga regional
Memadukan 3 komponen:
Klasifikasi Lenke
Berdasarkan terapi yang akan dilakukan,
Penatalaksanaan
Skoliosis idiopatik infantil
Non bedah
Resolving type pemeriksaan fisik dan
radiologi tiap 3-6 bulan
Proggresive type gips atau brace
4-6 bulan
Kurva > 500 pembedahan
subcutaneous rod, multhihook segmental
system, spinal fusion
Curve (degrees)
Treatment
<20
Observation
>20 < 25
4 month xrays
Brace
30-40
Brace
>40
Consider surgery
Penanganan Operatif
Tujuan:
Indikasi operasi:
Harrington rod
Harrington rods menghubungkan vertebra hanya
Radiographic studies obtained in a 47-year-old woman who presented with adult degeneration of
adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. A and B: Preoperative x-ray films revealing a thoracic curve of 53 with the
apex at T-7 and a lumbar curve of 52 with the apex at L-2. The T-10 vertebra is the neutral vertebra (N). C
and D: Postoperative antero-posterior (AP) and lateral x-ray films demonstrating good correction of the
scoliotic curvature.
Radiographic studies obtained in a 77-year-old woman who presented with intractable back pain and
progressive scoliosis several years after multilevel lumbar laminectomy. A and B: Preoperative AP and
lateral x-ray films. C and D: Postoperative AP and lateral x-ray films demonstrating good correction of the
scoliosis and good placement of instrumentation.