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MathCAD 15
2013
681.3.06
, . . MathCAD
[] / . . . : , 2013. 114 .
.
2 10.02.13
MathCAD 15.
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.
.................................................................................................................. 7
MathCAD ...................................................................... 9
1 Mathcad ................................................................................................... 9
1.1 Mathcad............................................................................................. 9
1.2 ........................................................................................................ 10
1.3 ........................................................................................... 11
2 , ............ 14
2.1 Mathcad .................................................................................................. 14
2.2 ................................................................... 15
2.3 .......................................................................................... 16
2.4 ....................................................................................... 16
2.5 ....................................................................................... 17
2.6 ............................................................................. 19
2.7 .......................................................................................... 20
2.8 . ....................................................... 22
2.9 ......................................................................................... 22
2.10 . ................................................. 23
2.9 ........................................................................................ 24
3 . ................................................................... 25
3.1 ............................................................................ 25
3.2 ............................................................................................................ 26
4 ............................................................................................ 27
4.1 ........................................................................................ 27
4.2 .......................................................................................... 28
4.3 ................................................................................... 28
4.4 ....................................................................... 29
4.5 ............................................................. 30
4.6 ........................................................................................... 30
4.7 ........................................................... 31
4.8 ....................................................................... 33
3
. ................................................................................................ 34
1 .................................................................................................. 34
1.1 ....................................................................... 34
2.2 ............................................................................. 35
2.3 ........................................................................... 35
2.4 ORIGIN ......................................................................... 36
2.5 .................................................. 36
2.6 .......................................... 38
2.7 ....................................................................................... 39
2.8 ........................................................................... 40
2.9 ......................................................................................... 41
2.9.1 ............................................................................. 41
2.9.2 ................................................................ 41
2.9.3 , ...................................................... 42
2.9.4 , ,
....................................................................................................................... 42
2.9.5 ..................................................................................... 45
.................................................................................................. 46
1 ............................................................................ 46
2 ............................................................................ 46
3 .............................................................................. 47
4 ................................................................................... 49
5 ....................................... 51
5.1 ...................... 52
5.2 ( ) 54
6 ........................................................................... 55
6.1 ................................................................ 55
6.2 Given Find . 56
7 ............................................................... 57
................................................. 58
1 ......................................................... 58
1.1 .............................................................. 60
4
1.2 ................................................................................ 64
1.3 ................................................. 65
3 ........................................................................ 68
3.1 ............................................................. 69
4 ..................................................................................... 70
5 ................................................................................... 71
6 ........................................................................................ 72
7 .................................................................................. 73
8 ......................................................................................... 73
.............................................................. 75
1 .......................................... 75
1.1 ....................................................................................................... 76
1.1.1 .................................................................................... 76
1.1.2 - ....................................................................................... 77
1.2 ............................................................................................................... 79
1.2.1 ...................................................................................... 81
1.2.2 ........ 85
1.3 .......................................................................................... 87
............................................................................ 89
1.1 .............................................................................................. 89
1.1.1 .................................................................................... 89
1.1.2. ..................................................................... 90
1.2 if ........................................................................................... 91
1.3 .................................................................................................. 94
1.3.1 while ................................................................................................... 94
1.3.2 for ....................................................................................................... 96
1.3.3 break, continue, return ..................................................................... 97
1.4 ......................................................... 98
1.5 - ...................................................................................... 98
1.6 ................................................................................................ 99
1.7 ........................................................... 100
2 ............................................................................................................... 103
5
Mathcad , , . Mathcad
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Mathcad : Standard (), Formatting
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9
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1.2
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10
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4. View () , Mathcad, .
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6. Format () , .
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8. Symbolics ( ) .
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10
1.3
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1.3
11
Formatting ()
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19
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2. (Font),
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Mathcad . , Word Times New Roman .
System Ms Sans Serif.
2.7
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20
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2.9
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23
2.9
Mathcad ,
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Format ( ). :
General ()
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Exponential threshold ( ).
Scientific ()
: 1,22105.
Decimal (-
1.3
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Engineering () ,
3: 1,22106.
Fraction () :
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(Level of accuracy)
(Use fixed number).
( ) ( Set as default ( )).
24
3 .
1. :
23.4 b
78
2. :
a
b = 101.4 a
b = 54.6
3. :
a
3
a.b = 1.82510
= 0.3
4. :
a = 4.837
b = 8.832
5. n- :
n
3
1
n
a = 2.86
1
n
b = 4.273
6. :
b
106
a = 6.29310
3.1
1. .
1.1 :
x
3.34
1.2 :
sin( x) = 0.197
cos ( x) = 0.98
sec( x) = 1.02
csc( x) = 5.073
tan( x) = 0.201
cot( x) = 4.974
25
2. .
2.1 :
x
x. deg
300 x
2.2 :
sin( x) = 0.866
cos ( x) = 0.5
sec( x) = 2
csc( x) = 1.155
tan( x) = 1.732
cot( x) = 0.577
3.2
1. 10.
10 .
1.1 :
5.67
1.2 :
ln( x) = 1.735
1.3 10:
log( x) = 0.754
2.
.
2.1 :
x
12.78
2.2 :
b
2.3 :
logb( b , x)
ln( x)
ln( b )
logb( b , x) = 3.676
26
4
4.1
Simplify ()
. , ,
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.
:
:
3 x 3 x 2
2x
1
1 3
9
x
1
3x
:
1. , , ..
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2
3 x 3 x
2x
1
1 3
9x 1
3x
2. , .
3. .
4. .
13
3
3 x 3 x
9 x 1
27
4.2
. ,
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:
( x 5)
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1. .
2. . .
5
x 25 x 250 x 1250x
3125x
3125
4.3
Factor ( ) ,
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:
2 x3 3 x 1
x3 2 x 2 9 x 18
:
1. .
28
2. .
.
( x 1) 2 x 2 x 1
( x 3) ( x 3) ( x 2)
:
124678488
:
1. .
2. .
.
3
2 3 11 347 1361
4.4
Collect ( ) , .
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:
2
x 2 x 3 x 8 x 6 x 15 x 50 10 x
:
1. .
2. .
.
3
13 x 24 x 8 x 50
29
4.5
.
. .
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b:
( a3 b c2 )3
:
1. .
2. . .
a9 3 a6 c2 3 a3 c4 c6
6 a3 c2 3 a6 3 c4
3
2
3 a 3 c
4.6
Mathcad
:
1. , Calculus (), . .
2. lim.
3. lim ,
, .
4. .
30
x2 2
lim
x 3 x 6
:
3. .
4. . .
1
3
4.7
Symbolics :
1. , , ,
. Symbolics Variable Differentiate ( ) Symbolics Variable Integrate ( ).
2. Calculus () .
Symbolics Evaluate Symbolically ( ).
31
(5x
3 x 7) dx
:
1. .
2. .
.
5x2 3x 7 dx 5x
3 x
7 x
10
3
( x 3 x 5) dx
:
1. .
2. . .
(=).
10
cos( x )
sin x
'
32
:
1. .
2. . .
cos ( x)
cos ( x)
sin( x)
d
sin(x) x cos (x) 2 x
dx
4.8
:
1. .
2. Symbolics Variable Convert to
Partial Fraction ( - ).
Mathcad ,
.
:
2 x 2 3 x 1
x3 2 x 2 9 x 18
:
1. .
5.
- .
.
1
3 ( x 3)
3
x 2
14
3 ( x 3)
33
.
1
:
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2. . ,
.
3. .
1.1
1. , .
2. Vector and Matrix
Toolbar ( ),
Matrix or Vector ( ).
Mathcad Insert Matrix ( )
[Ctrl]+[m].
3. (Rows)
(Columns), .
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2.1
4. ,
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34
2.2
, :
1. . .
2. [Ctrl]+[m]. ,
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3. Insert () Delete (),
. , 1, 0 Insert Delete.
Mathcad , ,
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2.3
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Xn Subscript ( ), [ [ ]
( ),
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( ), . :
35
1. .
2. Matrix and Vectors Toolbar ( ) <> Matrix Column
( ).
3. .
M
2 3 1
4 2 0
V1
<0 >
M
V1 =
V2
<1 >
M
V2 =
2
4
3
2
2.2
2.4 ORIGIN
ORIGIN. ORIGIN=0,
, .
, ( ) ORIGIN:=l.
ORIGIN . Tools Worksheet Options ( ), Built-in Variables
( ) Array Origin (ORIGIN)
. ORIGIN ,
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Matrix. ORIGIN
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Mathcad ,
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2.5
36
Mathcad :
, :
rows(M) ;
m() min() ;
, :
cols(M) ;
tr(M) , .
, :
last(M) ;
length(M) ;
V
Matrix;
2 1
M
4 3
rows( M )
n =3
5 2
cols( M)
m=2
2.3
4
V
SV
SV = 2
2.4
4
ORIGIN 1
3
1
5
last( V)
K =4
2.5
37
4
V
length( V)
n =4
2.6
1
V
4
2
1
MV
max( V)
MV = 4
MV
min( V)
MV = 2
2.7
2 4
M
2 7
tr( M) = 3
2.8
2.6
:
augment(A, ) .
.
M1
1 0 5
1
4 2
M=
1 0 5 2 3
1
4 2 4
3 1
2.9
stack(A, ) . .
M1 ( 1 2 3 )
M2 ( 4 5 6 )
M stack (M1M2)
1 2 3
4 5 6
2.10
38
1
6
M 11
16
21
9 10
12 13 14 15
17 18 19 20
22 23 24 24
7 8 9
M1 submatrix(M1313) M1 12 13 14
17 18 19
2.11 ,
2.7
Mathcad . , 100
. , augment stack.
- .
ORIGIN 1
n 5
m 5
i 1 n
j 1 m
x 0.1 i
y 0.2j
0.02
0.04
f 0.06
0.08
0.1
i j
i j
sin x y
0.199
0.296
0.389
0.479
0.1
2.12
39
2.8
Mathcad :
sort(V) ;
5
2
V 4
1
3
V sort (V)
1
2
V 3
4
5
2.13
reverse(V) ;
1
2
V 3
4
5
V reverse (V)
5
4
V 3
2
1
2.14
csort(M, i)
i- ;
3 4 5 6
M 4 5 1 2
6 8 2 1
M csort (M2)
4 5 1 2
M 6 8 2 1
3 4 5 6
2.15
rsort(, i) i- .
3 4 5 6
M 4 5 1 2
6 8 2 1
M rsort (M2)
6 5 3 4
M 2 1 4 5
1 2 6 8
2.16
40
2.9
2.9.1
,
, .
:
1. .
2. .
3. Matrix () , .
.
( ), ,
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2
V
VT
VT = ( 2 3 1 )
2
M
3
4
1 2 3 4
M 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
M M
5 9
6 10
7 11
8 12
2.17
2.9.2
Matrix ||, :
M
2 3
1 2
NM
NM = 1
2.18
41
2.9.3 ,
, , -1
X Matrix.
.
.
Mathcad identity(n),
n .
8
M
2
1
3 4 6
5 4 2
1 4 6
2 9 1
M M
M1 identity(4)
0.223
0.389
M
0.068
0.055
0
M1
0
0
0 0 0
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
2.19
2.9.4 , ,
.
A,
B C, cij aij bij
2 8 5
A 4 3 8
7 1 6
7 6 4
B 2 5 8
1 7 7
9 14 9
A B 6 8 16
8 8 13
5 2 1
A B 2 2 0
6 6 1
2.20
42
( ). Mathcad-
.
2 8 5
A 4 3 8
7 1 6
7 6 4
B 2 5 8
1 7 7
35 87 107
A B 42 95 96
57 89 78
0.306 0.796 1.449
0.204 1.803 1.034
B
0.673 2.116 1.946
2.21
. , .
View Multiplication as (
).
.
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,
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, (mn) (nk) = (mk) (
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3
A
4
1
2 1 3
2 1 2
1 3 2
3 4 3
A A
14
15
A
21
29
16 18 18
17 16 21
19 22 26
21 28 26
2.22
43
, .
1
V
V1
V1 =
0.5
V 0.2
0.7
4
3
5
V 2
7
V V 10
2.23
,
n
, UV U iVi
i 1
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2
V1
V2
V1. V2
C=7
2
V1
V2
(3 2
1)
V1. V2
M= 9
15 10 5
2.24
, X Y ,
XY X Y sin( )
, X Y .
Matrix X Y ,.
1
V1
2
3
4
V2
V1 V2
P= 6
3
2.25
.
44
2.9.5
Mathcad , .
. :
1. .
2. f ( M ) . ;
3. [ = ].
M 3
3
4
0.924
0.5
cos ( M )
0.707
1
0.707
1
0
2.26
Mathcad , . , V ,
cos(V)= .
0
30
45
V
60
90
180
1
0.866
0.707
cos ( V deg )
0.5
0
2.27
45
1
:
f ( x ) ax2 bx c
:
1. .
2. , ,
. .
3. polyroots
:
:
2
x 2x 8 0
1. .
a
1 b
2 c
2. , , . .
v
(c b a )
3. polyroots.
r
polyroots ( v )
r=
2
4
2
:
1. .
2. ,
.
3. Symbolics Variable Solve
( ).
46
:
h:
3
2h h b 0
1. . ( [Ctrl]+[=]).
2
2 h h b
2. , .
3. Symbolics Variable
Solve ( ).
8 b 1 1
4
4
8 b 1 1
4
4
Symbolics ,
.
Symbolics ,
.
( ), Mathcad :
No solution was found ( ).
3
root . ,
root, , , .
.
47
:
-4 3:
3
x 6x 2 0
1. , .
x
4.. 3
2. .
3
f( x)
6. x 2
3. , .
x
f ( x)
-4
-38
-3
-7
-2
-1
-3
-2
11
5. . , .
x
3 2
2
x 2.5
6.
X1 root (f (x) x)
X1 2.602
7. . 0.
15
f (X1) 3.553 10
48
8. .
x
0 1
x 0.5
X2 root (f (x) x)
X2 0.34
11
f (X2) 6.095 10
9.
x
2 3
x 2.5
X3 root (f (x) x)
X3 2.262
10
f (X3) 3.052 10
4
root ,
. .
:
1. ,
. , .
2. root, ,
, ;
3. .
:
-4 3:
3
x 6x 2 0
1. .
x
4.. 3
2. .
f( x)
6. x 2
3. ,
49
-4
d
f ( x)
dx
42
-3
21
-2
-1
-3
-6
-3
21
2 (-2-1, 12),
2 .
4. .
TOL 10
5. .
,
.
2 1
x 1.5
2
6.
x
d f ( x) x
dx
X1 root
X1 1.414
7. .
f (X1) 7.657
8. .
x
1 2
x 1.5
d f ( x) x
dx
X2 root
X2 1.414
f (X2) 3.657
50
5
, AX=B.
X=A-1B.
MathCAD lsolve(A,B), X
.
.
.
, ,
:
;
;
,
.
:
:
x 2 y 3 z 1
2 x 3 y z 2
x 2 y 5 z 3
1. :
1x 2 y 3 z 1
2 x 3 y 1z 2
1x 2 y 5 z 3
2. :
1 2 3
A
2 3 1
1 2 5
3.
51
1
b
2
3
4.
1
A .b
5.
8
X=
5
1
6.
0
A. X
b= 0
0
7. Isolve
lsolve( A , b )
8
X=
5
1
5.1
1. ORIGIN .
2. .
3. ( ).
4. . , .
5. , .
6. .
52
:
:
x 2 y 3 z 1
2 x 3 y z 2
x 2 y 5 z 3
1. :
1x 2 y 3 z 1
2 x 3 y 1z 2
1x 2 y 5 z 3
2. :
1 2 3
A
2 3 1
1 2 5
3.
1
b
2
3
4. ORIGIN 1.
ORIGIN 1
5. .
= 2
6.
1 2 3
1
2 3 1
1 1 3
2
2 2 1
3 2 5
1 = 16
1 2 1
3
2 3 2
1 3 5
2 = 10
1 2 3
3 = 2
7.
x
x=8
y= 5
z=1
53
5.2 ( )
:
1. ORIGIN .
2. - .
3.
augment(A,b).
4.
rref(Ar).
5. submatrix(Ag,1,3,4,4).
:
:
x 2 y 3 z 1
2 x 3 y z 2
x 2 y 5 z 3
1. :
1x 2 y 3 z 1
2 x 3 y 1z 2
1x 2 y 5 z 3
2. :
1 2 3
A
2 3 1
1 2 5
3.
1
b
2
3
4. ORIGIN 1.
ORIGIN 1
54
5.
1 2 3 1
Ar
augment( A , b )
Ar = 2 3 1 2
1 2 5 3
6.
1 0 0 8
Ag
rref( Ar )
Ag = 0 1 0
0 0 1 1
7.
8
submatrix( Ag , 1, 3, 4, 4)
x=
5
1
6
6.1
, ,
. . F(x)=0 root. , 0.
:
3- :
3
x 6 x 21x 52 0
1. .
a3
1 a2
6 a1
21 a0
52
2. .
f( x)
3
a3.x
2
a2.x
a1.x a0
3. root.
0 x1 root( f( x) , x) x1 = 4
55
4. .
i
1 x
x2
root
x3 root
1 1.i
f( x)
,x
x x1
x2 = 1 +3.464i
f( x)
,x
( x x1) . ( x x2)
x3 = 1 3.464i
3
y 4 z 4
xy z e
1. .
x
1 y
1 z
2. .
Given
2
2. x y 5 2. z
3
4. z 4
z
x. y z e
vec find( x, y , z)
56
3. .
1.325
vec = 1.823
0.513
7
, ,
:
1. Given.
2. Given.
3. Find -.
4. , , .
5. [Ctrl]+[+]. Mathcad
.
6. Find. Mathcad . , - Find.
:
2- :
x 2 y a
4 x y b
1.
Given
x 2. . y a
4. x y b
2. .
1
Find( x, y )
( 1
8. )
( 4. a
( 1
. ( 2. . b
a)
b)
8. )
57
1
:
1.
2. , .
3. Graph Toolbar ( ),
.
4.
, .
5. . .
,
-10 10.
:
f ( x ) sin( x )
1.
f (x) sin(x)
2. ,
.
4.1 , 1 ,
2 , 3
58
, 0.5
, -
, -
0.5
( -
sin( x)
cos( x)
4.2
).
( )
. .
, f1(x) f2(y), ( )
, ( ) , .
, .
, 2, , .
.
.
.
ORIGIN 1
2
5
8
Data 14
20
16
12
20
15
i 1 last(Data)
Datai10
5
0
4.3
59
1.1
(. 4.4). ( ,
) , .
4.4 X,Y
(. 4.4)
:
1. X-Y Axes ( X-Y) : , ;
(Crossed )
(Boxed ), .
( ).
Log Scale ( ) .
;
Grid Lines ( ) ;
Numbered () ;
60
Auto Scale () , . , ;
Show Markers ( ) . , ( ). , .
.
4.5 , 1 , 2
Y, 3
Autogrid () . , Number of Grids
( ).
,
. , Enable Secondary
Y-axis ( Y).
Placeholder ( ),
, .
4.6
61
2. Trace () .
4.7
:
Symbol Frequency ( )
, , 2 . .;
Symbol () (
, , , );
Symbol Weight ( ) , ;
Line () : Solid , Dot , Dash
, Dadot -;
Line Weight ( ) ;
Color () ;
() : Lines , Points , Solidbar , Step .;
Y-Axis ( Y) Mathcad Y Y2
,
.
62
3. Number Format ( ) , .
4.8
4. Labels () . Title
() ,
. , , (Axis Label).
4.9
5. Defaults ( ) ,
(Change to default), (Use for default) .
63
4.10
1.2
:
1. .
Zoom ().
2. , .
3. X-Y Zoom ( X-Y)
Zoom ().
.
4.11 , 1 , 2
, 3
64
,
Unzoom ( ) Full View ( ).
, .
, , Trace ().
X-Y Trace.
. , . X-Y Trace , . ,
. Track Data Points ( ), . ,
.
1.3
, :
1. .
2.
.
3.
, , .
4.12 , 1 , 2 , 3
65
, :
1. ;
2. ;
3. , , .
4.13
: ,
, .
(, ) , Bring to Front ( )
Send to Back ( ).
,
.
, , . . Mathcad Format Separate Region ( ).
.
Separate Region,
, Mathcad
.
. Mathcad
.
66
2
:
1. Graph Toolbar , .
2. : ,
. .
. , ,
.
Log Scale (
).
:
6 f ( ) cos(2 )
1.
0 2
30
2.
4.17 , 1
, 2 , 3
67
3
:
1. , ( := ) .
2. , .
3. Graph Toolbar
( ), , Surface Plot ( ). .
4. .
5. . .
:
2
f ( x, y ) x y
1.
2 2
f (xy) x y
2. ,
.
4.14 , 1 , 2 , 3
. :
68
1. .
2. , ,
.
3. . 3-5
i 0 7
j 0 7
X 0.5 i
Y 0.2 j
i j
sin X Y
i j
4.15
3.1
.
:
Appearance Fill
surface Colormap (
)
4.16
4
, ,
.
:
1.
n 40 i 1 n
j 1 n
2.
i
j 2
n
n5
3.
i
i j
i j Yij sinisinj
sin cos
i j
cos
4.
( X YZ)
4.17
:
,
2
f ( x ) x sin ( x )
1.
f (x) x sin(x)
70
2.
x 0.01 2
3.
6
4
x
x
0
2
6 4 2
f ( x) f ( x)
4.18 f ( x ) x sin ( x )
4.
u
S( u v ) f ( u ) cos ( v )
f ( u) sin( v)
5.
4.19 , 2
f ( x ) x sin ( x )
5
CreateSpace. CreateSpace
71
.
:
CreateSpace(F, t0, t1, tgrid, fmap),
F ; t0 t1
, -5 5; tgrid ,
20; fmap . fmap . .
t cos ( t)
H( t) t sin ( t)
t1 16
t0 0
C CreateSpace (Ht0t1200)
4.20 , CreateSpace
6
n 40 i 1 n j 1 n
i j
i j
2 i
cos
i 0 N i 2
2 i
Y sin n
n i j
j 20
5
5 2 cos
5 2 cos
i j
i j
j 0 N j 2
i j
isinj
i j
cos
2 sin
4.21
72
7
Mathcad
. 80 . , Mathcad , : Resource Center QuickSheets and Reference Tables Reference
Tables Geometry Formulas Polyhedra (
).
, D- Polyhedron ("# 1 80").
.
4.22
8
. ( ). , . . : , , . .
. 4.22
G, X Y H1 H2 . ,
73
,
.
i 0 n j 0 m x
i y
j
i
j
2 n
2 m
H1 F1 x y H2 F2 x y G H1 i H2
i j
i j
i j
i j
i j
i j
i j
4.23
74
1
,
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. , ,
, .
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() ,
. ( ), ,
, ,
, .
.
, , , .
, ,
, , , (,
).
75
1.1
,
, .
1.1.1
Mathcad
. linterp.
linterp(X, Y, x) X Y, y, x. X Y . X
, . ,
. x y
.
:
:
F,
4,7
5,0
5,2
5,4
5,9
S,
3,0
3,0
4,0
7,0
10,0
S F=5,6 . .
1.
F ( 4.7 5 5.2 5.4 5.9)
S ( 3 3 4 7 10)
2.
T
F F
S S
3. F
Fz 5.6
4. S .
Sz linterp(FSFz)
Sz 8.2
5. .
i ORIGIN last(F)
76
10
Si
Sz
7.5
5
2.5
0
4.5
5.5
F i Fz
1.1.2 -
-. ,
. ,
. , -, ,
( : spline ).
MathCAD .
- :
cspline(X, Y) ;
pspline(X, Y) ;
lspline(X, Y) ;
interp(S, X, Y, ) y(x)
S, X, Y .
, - .
cspline, pspline lspline
y(x), X Y (
). , y(x) c interp.
77
:
-
:
X,
4,7
5,0
5,2
5,4
5,9
Y,
3,0
3,0
4,0
7,0
10,0
Y X=5,75. .
1.
X ( 4.7 5 5.2 5.4 5.9)
Y ( 3 3 4 7 10)
2.
T
F F
S S
3.
xz 5.75
4. .
yc interp(D2CXYxz)
yc 11.263
yp interp(D2PXYxz)
yp 10.072
yl interp(D2LXYxz)
yl 9.676
5. .
h 0.05
15
Yi
10
gc( x)
yc
10
gp( x)
5
0
yp
5.333
5.667
X i xxz
78
15
Yi
10
gl( x)
5
0
4.5
yl
5.5
Xi xxz
5
0
4.5
5.5
X i xxz
1.2
y(x). , ( V VY)
. .
Mathcad
interp(s, , , t);
regress(x, , n)
,
; ; s ,
regress; t ,
; n .
.
, 5- .
:
s:=regress(X,,n), YY(t):=interp(s,,,t) YY(t):=interp(regress(X,,n),X,,t)
interp(s, , , t)
loess(, , span), s:=loess(X, , span)
2- , interp;
span>0 , .
span .
0,2< span <2. span=2 , . span=0,2
.
79
:
3- 2-
:
38
15
5,5
23
51
79
105
126
0,000
0,349
0,698
1,047
1,396
1,745
2,094
2,443
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
144
156
164
166
152
137
117
93
2.793
3,142
3,491
3,840
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Y ( 38 15 5.5 23 51 79 105 126 144 156 164 166 152 137 117 93)
Y Y
3. 3-
Yreg(x) interp(regress ( Y3) Yx)
4. 0,4
span 0.4
5.
i 0 15
200
150
Yi
Yreg( x) 100
Yloes s( x)
50
4
i x
80
1.2.1
. ,
,
. , , .
linfit , . , :
f ( x ) a0 f0 ( x ) a1 f0 ( x ) ...an fn ( x )
linfit, ai.
linfit (X, Y, F) , ,
, F,
X Y. F ,
, ,
.
:
1
2
f ( x ) a0 x a1 x a2
:
1 x
X,
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
Y,
0,43
0,22
0,80
0,10
1,00
2,00
1.
X ( 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 )
Y ( 0.43 0.22 0.80 0.1 1 2 )
x2
F( x)
1
1 x
81
2.
T
X X
Y Y
3.
S linfit(XYF)
3.087
S 1.475
0.515
a0 S
a0 3.087
a1 S
a1 1.475
a2 S
a2 0.515
4.
x min(X) min(X) 0.05 max(X)
f (x) F(x)S
i 0 length (X)
2
1.5
Yi
f ( x)
1
0.5
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
X i x
, linfit
, ,
. ,
f ( x ) a0 sin(2 x) a1 tanh(3 x)
a0 a1,
linfit.
82
f ( x ) 2 sin( a1x ) 3 tanh( a2 x)
a1 a2,
genfit.
genfit(X, Y, G, F) , n
u0, u1,...un-1, X Y
f, x u0, u1,...un-1. F , n+1- , f . G n- n .
:
u0 u1 x u2 x 2
f ( x ) e
X,
0,3
0,4
1,0
1,4
2,0
4,0
Y,
9,4
11,2
5,0
3,0
6,0
1.
X ( 0.3 0.4 1 1.4 2 4 )
Y ( 9.4 11.2 5 3 6 0 )
u0 u1 z u2 z 2
e
2
eu0 u1 z u2 z
F( zu )
2
z eu0 u1 z u2 z
2 u0 u1 z u2 z 2
z e
2.
T
X X
Y Y
3.
83
1
G 0
1
4.
P genfit (XYGF)
2.565
P 0.788
0.036
u0 P
u0 2.565
u1 P
u1 0.788
u2 P
u2 0.036
0
1
2
5.
x min(X) min(X) 0.05 max(X)
f ( x) F( xP)
i 0 length (X)
15
Yi
f ( x)
10
5
0
X i x
linfit genfit .
. . ,
genfit , linfit
.
84
1.2.2
Mathcad .
,
, . , , .
:
expfit(X, , g) f (t ) a e
bt
c;
sinfit(X, , g) f (t ) a sin(t b) c ;
b
pwrfit(X, , g) f (t ) a t c ;
lgsfit(X, , g) a ( e )
a
1 be ct
logfit(X, , g)
f (t ) a ln(t b) c
, ; ;
g , b ; t , .
, :
line(X, ) ,
f (t ) a bt ;
medfit(X, ) , f (t ) a bt . line medfit
, ;
lnfit(X, ) f (t ) a ln(t ) b .
85
rr.
( 1), .
:
X,
4,7
5,0
5,2
5,4
5,9
Y,
10
1.
X ( 4.7 5 5.2 5.4 5.9)
Y ( 3 3 4 7 10)
g ( 1 1 1 )
2.
T
X X
Y Y
g g
3.
0.055
C expfit( X Yg ) 0.908
1.407
4.
C1 x
Yexp(x) C e
0
Yexp( x) 6
4
2
4.5
5.5
X x
86
1.3
y ( x) y, ,
. , y, , .
ksmooth ,
Y.
, ,
. , supsmooth.
ksmooth(X, Y, b) n- , Y. Y X n- . b x.
supsmooth
k- ,
.
ksmooth, , supsmooth
.
supsmooth(X, Y) d n- ,
k- , k
.Y X n- . X
.
medsmooth ,
.
, ,
.
87
medsmooth(Y, n) m- , Y . Y m-
. n , . n
, , Y.
:
, 120
, 0,2. /10. .
1.
i 0 120 x
i
10
2.
3.
z supsmooth (xv)
4.
0.2
0.1
vi
zi
0
0.1
0.2
10
20
xi
88
30
40
1
. Mathcad , , . , . ,
.
, .
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,
.
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.
1.1
Mathcad Mathcad.
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1.1.1
:
-;
( := );
89
Add Line (
) , ;
,
.
,
, .
Add Line.
:
, Add Line ;
, Add Line (. 6.1).
6.1
, ,
,
, . :
;
Cut ();
Add Line;
;
.
1.1.2.
90
Mathcad Mathcad ,
Mathcad-.
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( := ), ( = ) .
, . .
,
.
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.
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91
. , if. ,
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:
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2. (Programming Toolbar)
if. .
3. . , Boolean ( ).
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.
5. , . .
: ..., ...,
.... Programming otherwise
(), , if.
:
QRT, .
0.
1.
2. AddLine
92
3. if
4. ,
5.
6. otherwise
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93
1.3
, , . Mathcad- , . Mathcad
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1.3.1 while
while ,
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while, :
1. (
).
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.
94
3. while .
.
4. ( while) , .
, Add Line ,
. ,
. .
while, Mathcad .
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, Mathcad .
:
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X,
1,25
1,28
1,34
1,45
1,72
1,81
1.
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K 1.5
2.
T
V V
3.
ORIGIN 1
4.
t
j 1
while V K
j
j j 1
j
V
j
5.
1.72
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1,98
1.3.2 for
for , . :
1. (
).
2. for ( for).
.
3. for .
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.
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:
1 2
0,2.
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10
for i 1 1.2 2
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15
1
A 15 B
3
17
Z
m1
for s A B
X
m m 1
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96
0
15
15
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1
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" (). : .
continue, break, return, , .
.
97
1.4
. , .
,
.
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1. .
2.
(, -
).
3. ,
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. ,
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98
1.6
Mathcad . Mathcad ,
. , Mathcad . , .
.
13- Mathcad, , Trace
Debug, . Mathcad 13 Mathcad, Trace Window (
), Debug ()
trace pause. trace ; pause , .
:
trace("format string", , , z...);
pause("format string", , , z...),
format string , ( ), ; , , z... , .
View
Toolbars Debug ( )
, Touggle Debugging Trace Window ( )
6.1
99
, , ( = ) , ,
Trace Window ( ).
:
, 1,5.
X,
1,25
1,28
1,34
1,45
1,72
1,81
1,98
K 1.5
V V
ORIGIN 1
t
j 1
while V K
j
j j 1
j
V
j
trace
[ = ] -
trace , [ = ].
1.7
:
1. .
2. -
.
100
3. .
.
.
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Mathcad- - . , .
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This variable or function is not defined
above ( ).
,
( , , ).
, , ,
[ = ]. ,
. , , .
Value of subscript or superscript is too big
(or too small) for this array (
101
). , , .
, , ,
. ,
, ORIGIN.
ORIGIN = 1, 0.
,
:
1.
, Cut ().
2.
, Paste ().
3.
( := ).
4. , (
) , , [ = ].
. .
5.
, ( := ) , Add line,
.
6. .
7. .
8. .
9.
.
10. .
11.
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12. ,
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102
2
Mathcad AVI- Mathcad-.
AVI- Windows .
Mathcad FRAME,
. FRAME
0 n ,
FRAME .
FRAME .
FRAME -
Mathcad-. FRAME
Tools Animation Record ( ). ,
Mathcad Tools .
2.1
:
1. FRAME , .
2. Tools Animation Record (
).
3. .
4. . 10
. 2-3 ,
.
5. Animate () . .
.
103
Playback ( ,
1:1, ) .
- 10 ,
30 %. 3 , , .
, . .
6. Save As (
). Mathcad-.
7. AVI- Mathcad-, Mathcad
Insert Object ( ). .
. , .
. AVI- Mathcad-.
,
Mathcad- AVI-.
.
,
Mathcad-
AVI- . .
AVI- .
( ) .
:
.
104
. ,
, , .
(AVI-) .
Mathcad .
, .
Animate Options (),
Compressor Options ( ) ( ).
,
. .
6.2
105
1. Mathcad
1
,
. ( [ " ])
.
()
&
, .
Ctrl+1
Ctrl+3
Ctrl+4
Ctrl+8
Ctrl+9
Ctrl+0
Ctrl+Shift+4
Ctrl+Shift+3
Ctrl+Shift+?
n- .
Ctrl+\
n- .
Ctrl+Enter
106
2
.
()
Alt+Esc
Windows.
Alt+Tab
Windows
Ctrl+F4
Ctrl+F6
Alt+F4
Mathcad.
Ctrl+R
F1
F5
F6
F7
F9
Shift+F1
3
Mathcad.
()
Ctrl+F9
Ctrl+F10
Ctrl+F5
Shift+F5
Alt+BkSp
Ctrl+C
Ctrl+V
Ctrl+X
Ctrl+U
Ins
107
2.
. , , Mathcad .
Mathcad , , ,
. , ,
.
. .
. .
Array size
mismatch
,
, linterp
.
Cannot be
(:=) -
denned
Cannot take
, -
subscript
Cannot take
subscript
,
- .
Definition stack
over- How
Mathcad .
solution
, Minerr Find.
108
Domain error
, ,
Duplicate
. ,
.
Equation too
large
Mathcad -
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Error in constant
Mathcad -
. Mathcad .
Error in list
.
: f(, , z ...).
, .
Error in solve
,
,
block
.
File error
READ READPRN.
,
READ READPRN,
.
Illegal array
operation
, . ,
Illegal context
- ,
109
Mathcad.
Illegal factor
, . .
Illegal function
, Mathcad
name
, . , ,
: 6(). ,
*, Mathcad
, .
Illegal ORIGIN
ORIGIN
, 16 000 000.
-
ORIGIN
ORIGIN.
Illegal range
Illegal tolerance
, TOL -
TOL>1 TOL<0.
TOL .
Incompatible
units
, ,
, .
Index out of
, -
bounds
.
( , , ORIGIN,
ORIGIN > 0)
, ,
.
Invalid order
, 0 5
.
110
, Mathcad,
.
Missing operand
. ,
Mathcad ( )
,
Misplaced
comma
, .
Missing operand
. ,
Mathcad ( )
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Missing operator
Must be 3-vector
. -
Must be array
.
,
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Must be dimen-
sionless
, .
(, cos In) .
Must be in-
, -
creasing
,
(spline, pspline, cspline, interp, linterp hist).
.
111
Must be integer
, ,
identity ,
.
Must be nonzero
Must be positive
,
.
,
, ,
. Mathcad
.
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Must be scalar
, -, .
, Mathcad .
,
identity.
Must be vector
, -
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Find Minerr -
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Given.
Given
No scalar value
Not a name
, ,
, .
Mathcad ,
root.
allowed
. Mathcad
,
.
Overflow
, , Mathcad
( 10).
112
Significance lost
, ,
.
scripts
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.
. ,
(:)
, . ,
(=) .
Unmatched
parenthesis
. , .
Wrong size
vector
113
1. Mathcad (+ CDROM): , ,
2009 . 384 .
2. Mathcad 11/12/13 . (+ CDROM): . . , , 2007 . 960 .
3. Mathcad 12. : ,
, 2005 . 464 .
4. Mathcad 12. (+ CDROM):
, , 2005 . 566 .
5. Mathcad 12: . . , . . ,
, 2005 . 352 .
6. Mathcad 14 . : , , 2009 . 512 .
7. Mathcad: ..
, 2006 . 264 .
8. . 1. MathCAD: . . , . . , , 2009 . 132 .
9. Mathcad 12,
MATLAB 7, Maple 9: . . , . . , , 2006
. 496 .
10. Mathcad (+ CDROM): . . , , 2004 . 512 .
11. Mathcad. : . .
, , 2005 . 752 .
114