Metabolisme

Metabolisme
Definisi: rangkaian reaksi-reaksi kimia
dalam sel yang terjadi secara
continue dan saling berhubungan
satu dengan yang lain
Anabolisme
Katabolisme
Ampibolic

Overview Metabolisme

Metabolisme
Bahan bakar tubuh : carbohydrates, fats, dan proteins
( makromolekul)
Energi : oxidasi :CO2 and H2O.
Cadangan dalam tubuh : triacylglycerol (fat), glycogen
(carbohydrate)
Penurunan atau penambahan BB normal: Energi
dipakai Energi tersedia
insulin dan glucagon; regulator pemakaian dan
penyimpanan bahan cadangan
Karbohidrat utama dalam darah : glukosa : regulator
insulin dan glukagon dalam darah

Puasa
Puasa : hypoglisemia , memicu pamkreas agar
glukagon disekresi
Glucagon: cadangan carbohydrat
membebaskan glucose ke sirkulasi ( brain)
Puasa lebih 3 : ketone bodies (derived from fat)
as an alternative fuel supply for the brain.

Anabolisme

Biosintesis senyawa biomolekul (glikogen,

protein, trigliserida)
Butuh Energi (endergonic).
ATP: ADP + Pi (ATP-ADP cycle)
Misal
Glikogenesis
Glukoneogenesis
Biosintesa asam lemak
Biosintesa protein

Katabolisme

Pemecahan molekul besar : molekul

kecil (glukosa, asetil KoA, Asam amino)
CO2 dan Energi (ATP)

CO2 : sirkulasi
ATP : dibebaskan setelah elektron
ditransfer ke O2

Mis:

Glikolisis
Glikogenolisis
Oksidasi asam lemak

Amphibolic
Anabolisme dan Katabolisme: terjadi dalam
satu proses metabolism
Siklus Kreb
Biosintesis heme, glukosa, asam lemak
Katabolisme: sitrat, ketoglutarat

Energi
Oxidation of fuels to generate ATP is called respiration
Electrons lost from the fuels during oxidative reactions :
transferred to O2 by a series of proteins in the electron
transport chain
Energy of electron transfer : used to convert ADP and P i to
ATP by a process known as oxidative phosphorylation
Satuan Energi :
Calori
kilocalorie
kilojoules (kJ)

The ATP-ADP cycle

Generation of ATP

approximate order in which the processes occur. TG = triacylglycerols; FA

= fatty acid; AA = amino acid; RBC = red blood cell; VLDL = very low
density lipoprotein; I= insulin; % = stimulated by.

Metabolisme KH, Fat AA

TAG = triacylglycerol

Overview Metabolisme KH

Overview of fatty acid metabolism

Overview of amino acid metabolism

Transport and fate of major carbohydrate and

amino acid substrates and metabolites

Transport and fate of major lipid substrates and metabolites

FFA, free fatty acids; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; MG, monoacylglycerol;

TG, triacylglycerol; VLDL, very low density lipoprotein.

Intracellular location and overview of major metabolic pathways