Potential Causes/Sources

Consequences
Environmental Factors
Economic uncertainty
Political uncertainty
Technological uncertainty
Organizational Factors
Work overload
Role conflict and
ambiguity (uncertainty)
Poor quality of supervision
Organizational change
initiatives
Organizational structure
Organizational leadership
Organizations life stage,
etc.
Individual
Factors

Individual
Differences
Perception
Job experience
Social support
Locus of control
Self efficacy
Hostility etc.

Experienced
Stress

Family problems
Economic problems
Personality

Figure: A Model of Stress

Physiological
Symptoms
Headaches
High blood
pressure
Heart disease
Digestive
Psychological
Symptoms
Anxiety
Emotional
instability
Lack of
concentration
Behavioral
Problems
Performance
problems
Absenteeism
Turnover
Excessive