Euler modificat
COR
Hammi
Runge-Kutta 4
ng
i
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
xi
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
yi
yi
Eroarea
Yi
eroarea
yi
eroarea
yi
1
1,1
1,191818
1,277438
1,358213
1,435133
1,508966
1,580338
1,649783
1,717779
0
0,004554
0,008601
0,013
0,017
0,021
0,026
0,031
0,037
0,044
1
1,095909
1,184097
1,266201
1,34336
1,416402
1,485956
1,552514
1,616475
1,678166
0
4,63E-04
8,80E-04
1,29E-03
1,72E-03
2,19E-03
2,72E-03
3,33E-03
4,03E-03
4,86E-03
1
1,095657
1,183596
1,265444
1,342327
1,415064
1,484274
1,550437
1,613948
1,675112
0
2,11E-04
3,79E-04
5,32E-04
6,91E-04
8,56E-04
1,04E-03
1,25E-03
1,50E-03
1,80E-03
1
1,095446
1,183217
1,264912
1,341642
1,414216
1,483242
1,549196
1,612455
1,673325
0
0
0
0
6,00E-06
8,00E-06
8,00E-06
9,00E-06
1,10E-05
1,40E-05
1
1,095446
1,183217
1,264912
1,341636
1,414208
1,483234
1,549187
1,612444
1,673311
1,784771
0,053
1,737867
5,83E-03
1,734192
2,15E-03
1,732056
1,60E-05
1,73204
Versiunea clasica a metodei Euler este cea mai putin precisa, observandu-se clar
si fenomenul de propagare a erorii, specific metodelor monopas;
Metodele Euler modificat si Euler Predictor-Corector au o precizie acceptabila
pentru ecuatia considerata si pasul h adoptat, obtinuta pe seama unui volum
mare de calcule, cu un plusa pentru metoda Euler Predictor-Corector;
Metoda Runge-Kutta de ordinul 4 conduce, practic, la valorile exacte ale
rezultatelor (erori de ordinul 10-5,10-6);
Metoda Hamming ofera cu certitudine valorile exacte ale functiei;
Valoarea pasului h este corespunzatoare, evolutia erorilor indicand chiar
posibilitati de augmentare la metodele de ordin superior.
Page | 1
Mirela MOGA
Lucrarea 14
2 x
y
x0 0
y0 1
f0 f ( x0 y0)
f0 1
x1 x0 h
x1 0.1
y1 y0 h f0
y1 1.1
f1 f ( x1 y1)
f1 0.918182
x2 x1 h
x2 0.2
y2 y1 h f1
y2 1.191818
f2 f ( x2 y2)
f2 0.856197
x3 x2 h
x3 0.3
y3 y2 h f2
y3 1.277438
f3 f ( x3 y3)
f3 0.807748
x4 x3 h
x4 0.4
y4 y3 h f3
y4 1.358213
f4 f ( x4 y4)
f4 0.769203
x5 x4 h
x5 0.5
y5 y4 h f4
y5 1.435133
2 x
y
e 0.005
x0 0
y0 1
pas 1
initializare
f0 f ( x0 y0)
f0 1
x1 x0 h
x1 0.1
y10 y0 h f0
y10 1.1
iteratii
f1 f ( x1 y10)
y11 y0 h
f1 0.918182
er y11 y10
er 0.004091
er e
f0 f1
2
y1 y11
y11 1.095909
Page | 2
Mirela MOGA
Lucrarea 14
pas 2
initializare
f0 f ( x1 y1)
f0 0.913412
x2 x1 h
x2 0.2
y20 y1 h f0
y20 1.18725
iteratii
f1 f ( x2 y20)
y21 y1 h
f1 0.850337
er y21 y20
er 0.003154
er e
f0 f1
2
y21 1.184097
y2 y21
pas 3
initializare
f0 f ( x2 y2)
f0 0.846286
x3 x2 h
x3 0.3
y30 y2 h f0
y30 1.268725
iteratii
f1 f ( x3 y30)
y31 y2 h
f1 0.79581
er y31 y30
er 0.002524
er e
f0 f1
2
y31 1.266201
y3 y31
pas 4
initializare
f0 f ( x3 y3)
f0 0.792343
x4 x3 h
x4 0.4
y40 y3 h f0
y40 1.345436
iteratii
f1 f ( x4 y40)
y41 y3 h
f1 0.750833
er y41 y40
er 0.002076
er e
f0 f1
2
y41 1.34336
y4 y41
pas 5
initializare
f0 f ( x4 y4)
f0 0.747839
x5 x4 h
x5 0.5
y50 y4 h f0
y50 1.418144
iteratii
f1 f ( x5 y50)
y51 y4 h
f1 0.712997
er y51 y50
er 0.001742
er e
f0 f1
2
y51 1.416402
y5 y51
Page | 3
Mirela MOGA
Lucrarea 14
2 x
y
x0 0
y1 y0 h
y2 y1 h
y3 y2 h
y4 y3 h
y5 y4 h
y0 1
f ( x0 y0) f ( x0 h y0 h f ( x0 y0) )
2
f ( x1 y1) f ( x1 h y1 h f ( x1 y1) )
2
f ( x2 y2) f ( x2 h y2 h f ( x2 y2) )
2
f ( x3 y3) f ( x3 h y3 h f ( x3 y3) )
2
f ( x4 y4) f ( x4 h y4 h f ( x4 y4) )
2
y1 1.095909
x1 x0 h
y2 1.184097
x2 x1 h
y3 1.266201
x3 x2 h
y4 1.34336
x4 x3 h
y5 1.416402
Page | 4
Mirela MOGA
Lucrarea 14
Page | 5
Mirela MOGA
Lucrarea 14