Events Under Hitler

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January 1933
The depression after the
Wall Street Crash made
many more people vote
for the Nazis. In 1933
Von Papen convinced
Hindenburg that Hitler
should become
Chancellor.
Ironically, the
government agreed as
they thought Hitler
posed no real threat and
could be easily
manipulated.

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The Reichstag Fire

February 1933

The Reichstag building burnt

down.
A communist was found inside
the building. He admitted
responsibility.
Chancellor Hitler was able to
convince people that the
Communists were trying to take
power by terrorism.
He was able to have the
Communists banned from the
Reichstag, thus riding the
government of his main

Enabling Act of 1933

Passed on March 23, 1933
Formal name was the Law to Remedy the Distress of
the people and the Nation
Helped Adolf Hitler get closer to his goal of achieving
full control over the German Parliament
Although many members of parliament disagreed with
the idea of the Enabling Act, the military influence of
Hitlers SA men forced them to change their minds
It granted Hitler the right to enact laws without
consulting the German Parliament for a period of four
years
Formed the legal and constitutional basis for the Third
Reich because it allowed Hitlers plans to deviate from
the existing constitution
It encouraged the dissolving of all parties other than the
Nazi party, and formed the platform for Hitlers

The Night of the Long Knives

The night of the Long Knives took place
between June 30TH and July 2nd 1934.

Hitler moved against the SA

and its leader Ernst Rohm
because he saw them as a
threat to his power, he also
moved against conservative
critics of his regime.

Over 100 people were killed for political

reasons by the SS and the Gestapo and more
than 1000 were arrested.

The death of
President Hindenburg

August 1934

PRESIDENT HINDENBURGS
DEATH GAVE HITLER THE
OPPORTUNITY TO COMBINE
THE ROLE OF CHANCELLOR
AND PRESIDENT. HE CALLED
HIMSELF DER FUHRER.

y
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Oa Ado
to

Every soldier swore a personal oath of

loyalty to ADOLF HITLER.

So..
HITLER
BECAME
CHANCELLOR

THE
REICHSTAG
FIRE

THE
ENABLING
ACT

Der Fuhrer

OATH OF
LOYALTY
TO
HITLER

DEATH OF
PRESIDENT
HINDENBURG

THE NIGHT
OF THE
LONG
KNIVES

Understandings of
Fascism
Political Ideas Economic Ideas Social Ideas
Cult of the
leader and the
elite rule
Extreme
nationalism
(ultranationalism
)
Organized
violence and war
and military
force
It is in the
country's
national interest
to expand its

A governmentdirected private
enterprise
economy to
serve the needs
and interests of
the state
Anti-union/ antiworkers rights

Inequalities
between
individuals and
groups of people
Racial purity
Racial or
national
superiority
National
strength more
important than
individual rights

FEATURES OF FASCISM IN NAZI GERMANY

Extreme Nationalism
Anti Racism
Liberalism
- Big
Establishment
of central European
empire
Business-State-Military
Partnerships
Anti-parliamentarianism
-Superiority
of the Aryan
Race
Unify
German
speaking
lands
Collectivism
- Wealthy
industrialists
cooperated
withstate
state
-Individual
worth
in serving the
-Violent
Anti-Semitism
-militarism,
expansionism
- Every
citizen
together
for greater
good
of Germany
- The
stateworks
prevents
formation
of labour
unions
Eugenics

See page 186

Hitler and the Economy

Six million Germans were unemployed in

1932, by 1936 there were fewer than 1
million unemployed.
Public projects such as the building of roads
and the re-arming of the military stimulated
the economy
Subsidies were given to farmers
Yet, workers had few rights and industrialist
benefited from the banning of unions and
protests.
In most cases, women were not allowed to
work outside the home, and couples received
payment for each child.

Hitler and the Youth

Boys
focused on future military roles
Cubs

Girls focused on domesticity

- ages 6-10

Young German Boys

- ages 10-14

Hitler Youth
- age 14

Labour service or armed

forces

Young Maidens
- 10-14

League of German
Maidens
- 14 onward

- 18 onward

Read Nazism Reacting

to Feminism on page
193 and complete the
questions

Children were encouraged to

report any inappropriate (ie:
anti-Nazi) behaviour or
comments

VIEW:
Education for Death: The Education
of one of Hitlers Children
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ASW3
UCc17AI

Nazis Profound Use Of Propaganda

Joseph Goebbels, Hitlers minister for

pubic enlightenment and propaganda,
established a huge propaganda
organization that controlled all forms
of the media.
The use of radio, movies, public
address systems, giant posters,
pamphlets, flyers, newspapers, and
mass meetings helped to strengthen
Hitlers image and his message to the
people.
Today Germany, tomorrow the whole
world.

Propaganda and the Nazi Youth

Nazi German propaganda poisons
young German minds:
"The Jew is the most dangerous poison
mushroom in existence," a pious mother
teaches her son in this 1938 children's
book, which was illustrated by the antiSemitic cartoonist "Fips" (Philip Rupprecht).
The Poisonous Mushroom was written to
educate German youngsters in proper Nazi
attitudes. Determined to have children wellindoctrinated before adulthood, the Nazis
built propaganda into the school curriculum,
screened teachers for adherence to the
party line, and shaped science programs
around their notions of "blood purity."

Poster from Nazi anti-Semitic

Hate Film, The Eternal Jew.
http://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=R8_eFDuaiUk

Hitlers Violations of the Treaty

of Versailles
Germany ceased paying

reparations altogether
Began secret rearmament
Germany began to build an air
force
Reoccupied the Rhineland, which
had remained a part of Germany
but was remilitarized under the
terms of the Versailles treaty
Annexation of Austria
Annexed Memel
( in Lithuania)

The Nuremburg Laws

The Nuremburg laws were denaturalization laws
passed in 1935 that were used as a basis for racial
discrimination against Jewish people
Some of the laws were:
Marriages between Jews and citizens of German or
kindred blood are forbidden. Marriages concluded
in defiance of this law are void, even if, for the
purpose of evading this law, they were concluded
abroad.
Extramarital intercourse between Jews and
subjects of the state of Germany or related blood
is forbidden
Jews are forbidden to display the Reich and
national flag or the national colors

Read the
section Nazi Eugenics on pages 190-191 and compare
(For more restrictions placed on the Jewish population, see pg 189)
with the accounts under Lives of Aryan Germans

Anschluss
It occurred on March 12,
1938. It was the annexation
of Austria and Germany, in a
Nazi attempt to unify all
German speaking people &
regions. Austrias Austrofascist leadership was
internally overthrown by the
German supported National
Socialist Party, with no
violence. A plebiscite was
held a month later, in which
99% of people voted for the
Nazi Party.

Earlier that year before the

annexation , Hitler met with
Chancellor of Austria, Kurt
Schuschnigg in order to
convince him to lift the ban on
political parties in Austria and
to free imprisoned Nazis. Hitler
threatened military action if
the Chancellor did not comply.
Austria agreed to Hitler's
requests and appointed
government positions to
several Nazis.

Anschluss Continued
A referendum was called on March 9, 1938 when it was
realized that the Nazis appointed were trying to take
over the government , and Schuschnigg tried to
inflame patriotism in Austria. The German military
invaded before any results could be determined

Austria remained under Hitlers power up until the

end of WWII, when the Anschluss was declared null
and void.

The Nazi-Soviet Pact

(August, 1939)
a)

World Shock

b)

Arch enemies

Secret Terms

Allowed for division

of Poland between
the two nations
Successor states to
be carved up.

APPEASEMENT AND THE MUNICH AGREEMENT

a)

Self-determination and the Sudetenland Issue

b)

The Munich Agreement (1938)

c)

3 million German speaking people

Wanted the right to self-determination

Chamberlain (Britain)
Deladier (France)
Mussolini (Italy)
Hitler (Germany)

March, 1939

Hitler takes all of Czech.

Agreed to give Hitler

the Sudetenland

Munich Agreement
The Munich Agreement was signed on September 30, 1938
It was an attempt to avoid another full-scale war
British Prime Minister Chamberlain met with Hitler on
September 15 and 16, where it was agreed that Germany would
not make any military advances on Czechoslovakia. A plebiscite
was held in the Sudetenland and all areas that were more than
50% German were annexed by Germany
Britain and France had promised to protect Czech sovereignty
after WWI, yet the decision was made without a representative
from Czechoslovakia present.
The people of France and Britain did not want another war, and
were anxious to avoid confrontation
The signing of the agreement was celebrated in Britain; in
Czechoslovakia it was viewed as a betrayal.

World War II Begins

September 3, 1939

Britain & France

declare war on
Germany after
Hitler refuses to
withdraw from
Poland.
Although war is
declared no actual
battles will be
fought until 1940.

September 17, 1939

USSR invades Poland and then continues

north to capture the Baltic Republics.
(Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Finland)

Kristallnacht: AKA
"Night of Broken Glass"
On November 9, 1938 a
massive coordinated
attack on the Jews
occurred through the
German Reich. Mob
violence broke out as the
regular German police
stood by and crowds of
spectators watched. Nazi
storm troopers along
with members of the SS
beat and murdered Jews,
broke into and wrecked
their homes, as well as
torturing Jewish women
and children. 25,000
Jewish men were sent to

Warsaw Ghettos

The ghetto was first

established in 1940 when its
estimated population was
440,000 but as people were
deported to concentration
camps the population
decreased to about 70,000
It was filled with
disease and
starvation and the
people who lived
within it were in
constant fear of

The Warsaw ghetto

was the largest of
all the ghettos in
which Jewish people
were sectioned off
from the rest of the

The Holocaust

The Final Solution or liquidation of all Jews,

Gypsies, and most Slavs in Europe.
(including all who opposed the Nazi Party)
Death camps were created to rid the Third
Reich of the unwanted.
Auschwitz (12 000/per day)

Liberation of Auschwitz
67% (6 million) of Jewish population in Europe
was annihilated. (90% in Poland/Germany)

The Holocaust
Group
Jews
Gypsies/Romas
Homosexuals
Communists/Socialists
Mentally/Disabled
Peoples

6 Million Jews
Approximately 12
million killed
total in the
Holocaust

Concentration Camps
Located across all areas
controlled by Germany
prior to and during WWII
Were built to torture the
people within and use
them as cheap labor
Housed political prisoners
and undesirables such
as Jews and outspoken
journalists
Camps became larger to
house more prisoners after
the start of WWII and
became more vicious
Deeper into the war the
prisoners began being
used as medical

Death Camps
Were built in WWII and
were used for the sole
purpose of executing all
prisoners who entered
Largest camp was
Auschwitz-Birkenau (this
camp was also used as a
work camp)
Largest camp meant for
the sole purpose of killing
was Chelmno
Prisoners were mainly
executed in gas chambers
(Zyklon B) and mass
shootings

ORGANIZATION

HOW DEALT WITH

abolished or made illegal

Political Parties
Opposition within the Nazi Party

outlawed
banned if they did not reflect Nazi ideals

The Arts
censored/forced out of business

Newspapers
The Church
Schools
German Youth

allowed to continue if supported the state

taught Nazi ideals
pressured to join Nazi youth groups