The Roaring

Twenties

Chapter 20

Three Republican Presidents

(each only serve one term)
Put this on the back of your Guided Notes
There is a Chart

Warren Harding

elected 1920

slogan: Return to normalcy

rejection of Democrats
idealism; return to
isolationism

Congress raised tariffs

Harding died in office in 1923

presidency known for

corruption & scandals

Calvin Coolidge
became

Pres. when Harding died;

elected in 1924

slogan:

The Business of
America is Business

emphasized

saving money in
govt & laissez faire = booming
economy

continued
did

isolationism

not run for reelection in 1928

Herbert Hoover

elected 1928

slogan: A chicken in every

pot; a car in every garage
promised continued
prosperity

Congress raised tariffs

Stock Market crashed in

1929; Hoover blamed for
Depression

Prohibition
&
Economy of 1920s

Prohibition
Prohibition the
banning of alcoholic
beverages
1919 states ratified
Eighteenth
Amendment forbade
the manufacture,
distribution & sale of
alcohol in the U.S.
(it was not illegal to buy
or consume alcohol)

Prohibition
Prohibition didnt stop
drinking, many
Americans drank more
Increased organized
crime
Bootleggers sold illegal
alcohol
Speakeasies, secret
drinking places in cities,
became popular

Twenties Economic Prosperity

(pg. 661)
1. Business growth new businesses appeared; profits
increased
2. New jobs created
3. Wages rose; purchasing power increased
4. Consumption increased (higher wages; installment plan)
5. Stock market soared bull market; investment
increased
(esp. due to purchasing on margin buying stocks on
credit)
6. Uneven prosperity farmers, minorities & unskilled
workers left out

Henry Ford

You can paint it

any color, so long
as it's black.

Henry Fords Model T

Henry Ford: responsible for much of Americas economic
growth
1908 Model T made cars affordable for ordinary
Americans by:
Mass production used on a larger scale (thousands
of parts)
Assembly Lines opened large factories (esp. in
Detroit) and put cars on moving belts; workers added
interchangeable parts; reduced manufacture time from
12 hours to 90 minutes
Fords treatment of factory workers:
doubled wages (from $2.35 to $5.00 a day)
reduced workday (9 hrs to 8 hrs)
invented idea of the weekend
More money + More free time = buying an automobile

Assembly
Lines

Ford Highland
Park first
assembly line in
1913

Examine the graph

Describe the relationship between Model T Prices
& Sales

Model T

1908 Model T - $850

1916 Model T - $350
1927 - $290
1919 10% of American families owned a car
1927 56% of American families owned a car

Communism & The Red

Scare

Communism
German philosopher Karl Marx
The Communist Manifesto
(1848)
Struggle between rich & poor
Poverty created by the
capitalism
(private ownership of wealth)

Photo: Karl Marx

Marx get rid of private

property =
no need for money, capitalism,
&

The Red Scare

General A. Mitchell Palmer

leader of the Palmer Raids

Red Scare fear of

communists & radicals thought
to be planning revolution in
U.S.

Attorney General A. Mitchell

Palmer led raids against
suspected radicals &
foreigners using Espionage &
Sedition Acts

Palmer & agents accused of

using torture to obtain
intelligence & collect evidence

Immigration Restriction

Nativists led Congress to restrict immigration

to the U.S. from E. & S. Europe & Asia

Emergency Quota Act (1921) & National

Origins Act (1924) set up a quota system
to determine the number of immigrants of a
nationality that could enter the U.S. each year

favored immigrants from England and N & W

Europe

Culture of the 1920s

Nineteenth
Amendment
Approved by
Congress in 1919
Gave women the
right to vote

Victorian Era v. The

Flapper

The
Flapper
young woman from
the 1920s who defied
traditional rules of
conduct & dress

Bobbed Hair

Characteristics of the
Flapper
wore

excessive
makeup

bobbed

their hair

drank

alcohol &
smoked

treated
drove

sex casually

automobiles

The Harlem Renaissance

Background
Great Migration continues through the
1920s
movement of African Americans from the
rural south to the urban north that began
during World War I and continued through
the 1920s

African Americans left the south in search

of .economic
..
opportunity, social advancement,
greater political rights, & to escape racism

The Harlem Renaissance

Background

most African Americans who moved north

found a better life

still faced with racism and oppression

average African American lived in the worst
housing and had the lowest paying jobs

African Americans began to demand a solution

to the countrys racial problems

The center of this movement was in

New York Citys Harlem

district

Harlem
Renaissance

Harlem is a neighborhood in
the New York City borough
of Manhattan

The Harlem Renaissance

Renaissance is Latin for

rebirth
What was the Harlem
Renaissance
period of
rebirth for?African
American culture
During this period, African
American novelists, poets, and
artists celebrated their culture

Marcus Garvey

immigrated to Harlem from

Jamaica

believed blacks were

exploited everywhere

solution:
Promoted black nationalism
organized Back to Africa
movement
advocated separation of
races
advocated black pride

Jazz

created by African Americans

1st purely American music form

Started in South & Midwest,

(esp. New Orleans - different
cultures & traditions mixed)

spread north w/ Great Migration

symbol of the Roaring Twenties

played in speakeasies in NY,
Chicago, St. Louis, and LA

The Cotton Club

one of Harlems most famous attractions
where African Americans played African
American music (jazz) to all-white audiences

Louis Armstrong

trumpet player
famous for jazz music

nicknamed Satchmo

known as the
ambassador of jazz
traveled to Africa, Asia,
& Europe

also pioneered scat

Irving Berlin
songwriter
inspired
songs

& composer

by jazz music

written by Berlin:

God Bless America

Blue Skies
Ive Got My Love to Keep

Me Warm
White Christmas
Happy Holiday

Tin Pan Alley

collection

of New York City

music publishers & songwriters
that dominated popular music

composers

like Irving Berlin

commercialization

of music
--jazz and blues pop-songs &
dance numbers popularized

sheet

music manufactured for

commercial sale & profit

Buildings housed sheetmusic publishers that

were the center of
American popular music
in early 1900s.

African American
Literature: Langston
Hughes

Langston Hughes was a

black poet & playwright

wrote poetry & short

stories about the black
experience that reminded
black Americans of their
African heritage

celebrated African
American culture and life

Impact of the Harlem Renaissance

gave a voice to African

American culture

altered the way whites viewed

African American culture & the
way African Americans viewed
themselves

gave African Americans a

sense of group identity &
solidarity

later influenced the Civil Rights

Movement

Radio

1920s radios became

widespread

news & entertainment

broadcasts began

increased the speed

with which people
gained information

increased national
unity

Movies
1920s

movies
became popular

1927

the first movie

with sound, The Jazz
Singer

movies

with sounds
called talkies