Analisa Stabilitas Bendung (BETA Ver.)

BAB III
ANALISA STABILITAS BENDUNG

Gayagaya yang bekerja pada tubuh bendung, akibat :
1.
Tekanan air.
2.
Tekanan lumpur.
3.
Tekanan berat sendiri bendung.
4.
Gaya gempa.
5.
Gaya angkat (uplift pressure).
3.1 Tekanan Air

3.1.1 Tekanan Air Normal
Gambar 3.1 Diagram Tekanan Akibat Air Normal

air = 1 ton/m3
Pa1 =
1
.air.h 2
2
Pa2 = b . h . air
1
2
.1. 6
2
= (4.85).(6).(1)
= 18 ton
= 29.1 ton
41
Tabel. 3.1 Perhitungan Tekanan Air Normal

Bagian
Berat (ton)
V
Pa1
Pa2
Jumlah
Lengan (m)
H
18
29.1
29.1
Momen (tm)
Mr
Mo
5.92
10.57
106.56
307.59
18
307.59
106.56
3.1.2 Tekanan Air Banjir (Flood)
Gambar 3.2 Diagram Tekanan Akibat Air Banjir

1
1
2
. air . h 2 = .1. 6
2
2
= b . h . air
= 2.20.(6).(1)
= b . h . air
= 4.85.(6).(1)
= b . h . air
= 5.35.(2.20).(1)
1
1
2
2
= . air . h = .1. 2.84
2
2
1
2
= . air . h
2
Pf1 =
= 18 ton
Pf2
Pf3
Pf4
= 13.20 ton
= 29.10 ton
= 11.17 ton
Pf5
Pf6
= 4.03 ton
=
1
2
.1. 2.84
2
-4.03 ton
42
Tabel.3.2 Perhitungan Tekanan Air Banjir

Bagian
Berat (ton)
V
Pf1
Pf2
Pf3
Pf4
Pf5
Pf6
jumlah
Lengan (m)
H
18
13.20
29.10
11.77
4.03
13.22
Momen (t m)
Mr
Mo
6.65
7.56
10.57
10.33
0.95
4.03
37.23
4.94
119.70
99.79
307.59
121.58
3.83
19.92
452.92
219.49
3.1.3 Tekanan Lumpur

lumpur = 0.6 ton/m3
= 300
Ka
= tan2 (450 /2)

= tan2 (450 30o/2)
= 0,333
Keterangan :
lumpur
= berat volume lumpur (t/m3)
= sudut gesek dalam
Ka
= tekanan lumpur aktif
43
Gambar 3.3 Diagram Tekanan Akibat Lumpur

1
. Ka . lumpur . h2
2
1
=
.(0,333).(0,6).(6)2
2
PL1 =
= 3.596 ton
PL2 = lumpur .b.h
= 0.6.(4.85).(6)
= 17.46 ton
Tabel.3.3 Perhitungan Tekanan Lumpur
Bagian
berat (ton)
V
PL1
PL2
jumlah
3.2
Lengan (m)
H
3.596
17.46
17.46
Momen (t m)
Mr
Mo
y
5.92
10.57
21.291
184.552
3.596
184.552
21.291
Tekanan Berat Sendiri Bendung

Berat volume pasangan batu pasangan =
2.2 t/m2
Gambar 3.4 Diagram Tekanan Akibat Berat Sendiri Bendung

44
Pada badan bendung yang berbentuk parabola, luas penampang digunakan

pendekatan :
A = 2/3 . L . H
5/8 H
H
3/8 H
3/8 L
5/8 L
L
W1
= b . h . pasangan
= 6 . 3.56 . 2.2
= 47.01 ton
W2
= b . h . pasangan
= 1.49. 4.36 . 2.2
= 14.29 ton
W3
= b . h . pasangan
= 2 . 4.90 . 2.2
= 21.56 ton
W4
= b . h . pasangan
= 2 . 5 . 2.2
= 22
W5
= b . h . pasangan
= 3 . 4. 2.2
= 26.4 ton
W6
= 1/2 .b. h . pasangan = 1/2 .1.50 . 3 . 2.2
= 9.90 ton
W7
= 1/2 . b. h . pasangan = 1/2 .0.95 . 1.89 . 2.2
= 2.63 ton
W8
= 2/3 . b. h . pasangan = 2/3 . 1.83 . 1.63 . 2.2
= 4.33 ton
W9
= b. h . pasangan
= 1.65 ton
W10
= 2/3 . b. h . pasangan = 2/3 . 0.30 . 1.40 . 2.2
= 0.46 ton
W11
= b. h . pasangan
= 0.15 ton
= 0.50. 1.50 . 2.2
= 0.07. 1.93 . 2.2
ton
Tabel 3.4 Perhitungan Tekanan Berat Sendiri Bendung

Segmen
Berat (ton)
Lengan (m)
Momen (t m)
45
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
W6
W7
W8
W9
W10
W11
W12
Jumlah
3.3
19.80
24.71
33.00
22.00
26.40
1.18
0.21
3.87
4.68
3.76
4.40
9.90
X
9.50
8.82
6.50
4.00
1.50
9.35
9.28
8.24
7.43
6.23
4.33
Mr
Mo
2.51
7.43
6.00
4.50
2.00
11.32
11.89
11.30
9.93
9.62
7.67
188.10
217.98
214.50
88.00
39.60
11.02
1.94
31.93
34.76
23.47
19.07
49.64
183.52
198.00
99.00
52.80
13.35
2.49
43.79
46.46
36.21
33.73
2.00
5.00
19.80
890.16
49.50
808.48
153.92
Gaya Gempa
3.3.1 Gempa Horizontal
Gaya Horizontal (H) = Kh . W
= 0.1 . 153.92 = 15.392 ton
Momen akibat gempa horizontal :
M0 = Kh . M01
= 0.1 . 808.48 = 80.848 tm
Keterangan :
H
= gaya gempa horizontal (t)
Kh
= koefisien gempa horizontal, (Pondasi batu : Kh = 0,10)
V1
= berat sendiri bendung (t)
M01 = momen guling akibat berat sendiri (tm)

3.3.2 Gempa Vertikal
Gaya Vertikal (V)
= Kv . W
= 0.05 . 153.92
= 7.696 ton
Momen akibat gempa vertikal :

Mr
= Kv . Mr1
= 0.05 . 890.16 = 44.508 tm
Keterangan :
46
= gaya gempa vertikal (t)
Kv
= koefisien gempa vertikal, (Pondasi batu : Kv = 0,05)
Mr1 = momen tahanan akibat berat sendiri (tm)

3.4
Gaya Angkat (Uplift Pressure)

3.4.1 Air Normal
L
= Lh + Lv
= 32.85 + 19.2
= 52.05 m
H = 422.45 m 415.6 m = 6.85m

Ux =
Hx
Ux = Hx
Lx
. H
L
Lx .(6.85)
52.05
Ux = Hx 0.1316 Lx
Keterangan :
Hx
= tinggi muka air dari titik yang dicari (m)
Lx
= panjang rayapan (m)
= total rayapan (m)
H = tinggi muka air normal (m)

Ux
= uplift pressure di titik x (t/m2)
Gambar 3.5 Rayapan Gaya Angkat
47
Tabel 3.5 Perhitungan Gaya Angkat Akibat Air Normal

Bagian
Gambar
Gaya angkat per 1 m panjang (t)

4
.(1,0497 + 5,7373) = 13,5740 t
2
H=
h 2a b
3 a b
y=
4 2.1,0497 5,7373
= 1,5396
3 1,0497 + 5,7373
=
a-b
m
y total = 4 1,5396 = 2,4604 m

3
.( 6,2530 + 5,7373) = 17,9855 t
2
V=
b-c
1.8 m
h 2a b
3 a b
y=
3 2.6,2530 + 5,7373
= 1,4785
3 6,2530 + 5,7373
=
m
y total = 3 1,4785 = 1,5215 m
4.89 m
4.616 m
2
.(4,5968 + 6,2530) = 10,8498 t
2
H=
h 2a b
3 a b
y=
c-d
2 2.4,5968 + 6,2530
= 0,9491
3 4,5968 + 6,2530
=
m
y total = 4 0,9491 = 3,0509 m

d-e
2
2
V=
.(5,1125 + 4,5968) = 14,5640 t
h 2a b
3 a b
x=
2 2.5,1125 + 4,5968
3 5,1125 + 4,5968
= 1,4734
48
x total = 6 1,4734 = 4,5266 m

1
2
H=
.(3,4563 + 5.1125) = 8,5688 t
h 2a b
3 a b
y=
e-f
1 2.3,4563 + 5.1125
3 3,4563 + 5.1125
= 0,9356
m
y total = 2 0,9356 = 1,0644 m
3
2
V=
f-g
.(3,8001 + 3,4563) = 7,2564 t
h 2a b
3 a b
x=
3 2.2,552 2,775
3 2,552 2,775
= 0,9842 m
x total = 8 0,9842 = 7,0158 m
2
2
H=
g-h
.(3,8001 + 7,3158) = 16,6739 t
h 2a b
3 a b
y=
2 2.2,775 3,924
3 2,775 3,924
= 1,3419 m
y total = 3 1,3419 = 1,6581 m

3
.(7,8315 + 7,3158) = 22,7210 t
2
V=
h-i
h 2b a
3 a b
x=
=
3 2.3,924 4,221
3 3,924 4,221
= 1,4830 m
x total =11 1,4830 = 9,5170 m
49
3
2
H=
.(3,199 + 4,221) = 19,7681 t
h 2a b
3 a b
y=
i-j
3 2.3,199 4,221
2 3,199 4,221
= 1,4057 m
y total = 3 1,4057 = 1,5943 m
Tabel 3.6 Gaya Angkat Akibat Air Normal

Titik
a
4
b
3
c
2
d
2
E
1
F
3
G
2
h
3
i
3
j
Hx (m)
Ux
(t/m2)
Lx (m)
8.0500
52.0500
1.200
12.0500
48.0500
5.727
12.0500
45.0500
6.121
Uplift Force (t)
Lengan (m)
H
-13.854
17.772
43.0500
4.385
10.0500
41.0500
4.648
9.0500
40.0500
3.779
9.0500
37.0500
4.174
11.0500
35.0500
6.437
9.032
29.0500
4.227
58.639
26.954
11.085
36.217
10.606
77.844
1.929
20.470
9.515
16.589
JUMLAH
21.672
6.525
19.904
8.0500
1.564
2.517
-10.612
6.832
Mo
4.010
11.930
32.0500
Mr
1.055
4.214
11.0500
1.517
10.506
10.0500
Momen (t m)
189.388
2.618
6.843
43.430
42.142
Gaya Angkat :
H = fu . H
= 0,50 . (6.843)
= 3.4216 t
V = fu . V
= 0,50 . (58.639)
= 29.3197 t
M0 = fu . M0 = 0,50 . (395.525) = 197.7626 tm

Mr = fu . Mr = 0,50 . (42.142)
Dimana :
3.4.2
= 21.0710 tm
fu = koefisien reduksi untuk jenis tanah keras (50 %)
Air Banjir
50
395.525
Ux
= Hx -
Lx
. H
L
H = Hb = 424.4735 415.600 = 8.8735m
Lx . 8.8735
52.05
Ux
= Hx -
Ux
= Hx - 0.1705 Lx
Keterangan :
Hx
= tinggi muka air banjir dari titik yang dicari (m)
Lx
= panjang rayapan (m)
= total rayapan (m)
= beda tinggi M.A.B dengan muka air di hilir (m)
Ux
= uplift pressure di titik x (t/m2)
Tabel 3.7 Perhitungan gaya angkat akibat air banjir

Bagian
Gambar
Gaya angkat per 1 m panjang (t)

4
.(1,0497 + 5,7373) = 13,5740 t
2
H=
a-b
h 2a b
3 a b
y=
4 2.1,0497 5,7373
= 1,5396
3 1,0497 + 5,7373
=
m
y total = 4 1,5396 = 2,4604 m
51
3
.( 6,2530 + 5,7373) = 17,9855 t
2
V=
h 2a b
3 a b
y=
b-c
3 2.6,2530 + 5,7373
= 1,4785
3 6,2530 + 5,7373
=
m
y total = 3 1,4785 = 1,5215 m
2
.(4,5968 + 6,2530) = 10,8498 t
2
H=
h 2a b
3 a b
y=
c-d
2 2.4,5968 + 6,2530
= 0,9491
3 4,5968 + 6,2530
=
m
y total = 4 0,9491 = 3,0509 m

2
2
V=
.(5,1125 + 4,5968) = 14,5640 t
h 2a b
3 a b
x=
d-e
2 2.5,1125 + 4,5968
3 5,1125 + 4,5968
= 1,4734
m
x total = 6 1,4734 = 4,5266 m
1
2
H=
.(3,4563 + 5.1125) = 8,5688 t
h 2a b
3 a b
y=
e-f
1 2.3,4563 + 5.1125
3 3,4563 + 5.1125
= 0,9356
m
y total = 2 0,9356 = 1,0644 m
52
3
2
V=
.(3,8001 + 3,4563) = 7,2564 t
h 2a b
3 a b
x=
f-g
3 2.2,552 2,775
3 2,552 2,775
= 0,9842 m
x total = 8 0,9842 = 7,0158 m
2
2
H=
.(3,8001 + 7,3158) = 16,6739 t
h 2a b
3 a b
y=
g-h
2 2.2,775 3,924
3 2,775 3,924
= 1,3419 m
y total = 3 1,3419 = 1,6581 m

3
.(7,8315 + 7,3158) = 22,7210 t
2
V=
h 2b a
3 a b
x=
h-i
3 2.3,924 4,221
3 3,924 4,221
= 1,4830 m
x total =11 1,4830 = 9,5170 m

3
2
H=
.(3,199 + 4,221) = 19,7681 t
h 2a b
3 a b
y=
i-j
3 2.3,199 4,221
2 3,199 4,221
= 1,4057 m
y total = 3 1,4057 = 1,5943 m
Tabel 3.8 Gaya Angkat Akibat Air Banjir

53
Titik
Hx (m)
Lx (m)
Ux (t/m2)
a
4
b
3
c
2
d
3
e
2
f
2
g
3
h
3
i
3
j
10.0735
52.0500
1.200
14.0735
48.0500
5.882
14.0735
45.0500
6.393
12.0735
43.0500
4.734
12.0735
41.0500
5.075
11.0735
40.0500
4.246
Uplift Force (t)
Lengan (m)
H
-14.164
18.413
35.0500
7.098
13.0735
32.0500
7.610
10.0735
29.0500
5.121
11.681
39.352
11.720
88.163
1.934
22.062
22.928
9.517
19.096
63.789
28.003
6.528
-11.855
JUMLAH
22.085
2.515
13.504
13.0735
1.559
Mo
4.012
4.661
4.757
Mr
1.050
9.810
37.0500
1.521
11.128
11.0735
Momen (t m)
209.969
2.598
8.865
49.611
45.013
438.499
Gaya angkat :
H = fu . H = 0,50 . (8.865)
= 4.4325 t
V = fu . V = 0,50. (63.789)
= 31.8943 t
M0 = fu . M0 = 0,50 . (438.499) = 219.2497 tm

Mr = fu . Mr = 0,50 . (80.7419) = 22.5067 tm
Tabel 3.9 Akumulasi Beban-Beban pada Bendung
No
Keterangan
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Tekanan Air
Air Normal
Air Banjir
Tekanan Lumpur
Berat Sendiri Bendung
Gaya Gempa
Gempa Horisontal
Gempa Vertikal
Gaya Angkat
Air Normal
Air Banjir
Gaya (t)
Vertikal
Horisontal
3
4
Momen ( t m)
Mr
Mo
5
6
9.3160
13.2232
5.5896
153.9225
23.4613
37.2298
4.6876
-
95.9548
141.0171
57.5729
890.1630
175.9594
321.3782
35.1567
808.4758
7.6960
15.3920
-
80.8480
44.5080
80.8480
44.5080
29.3197
31.8943
3.4216
4.4325
21.0710
22.5067
197.7626
219.2497
54
3.5
Kontrol Stabilitas Bendung
Kombinasi gaya-gaya yang bekerja pada bendung :
3.5.1 Tanpa Gempa

Tegangan ijin tanah = 35 t/m2
1. Keadaan Air Normal dengan Uplift Pressure
H = a(4) + c(4) + g(4)
= 23.4613 + 4.6876 3.4216 = 31.5704 t
V = a(3) + c(3) + d(3) + g(3)
= 9.3160 + 5.5896 + 153.9225 + 29.3197 = 198.1478 t
Mr = a(5) + c(5) + d(5) + g(5)
= 95.9548 + 57.5729 + 890.1630 + 2.9526 = 1046.6434 tm
M0 = a(6) + c(6) + g(6)
= 175.9594 + 35.1567 + 197.7626 = 408.8787 tm
Kontrol :
a) Terhadap guling (over turning)
SF =
Mr
1046.6434 2.6041
=
.............. 1,50
408.8787
M0
(OK!)
b) Terhadap geser (sliding)

SF =
f V
0.70 . 198.1478 4.3935 ....... 1,20
=
31.5704
H
(OK!)
keterangan : f = koefisien geser``

c) Terhadap daya dukung tanah (over stressing)
Resultante beban vertikal bekerja sejarak a dari titik O.
a =
M r M 0 1046.6434 408.8787
3.3101 m
=
198.1478
V
Resultante beban vertikal bekerja sejarak e dari pusat berat bendung.

e =
B
a = 11 3.3101 2.1899 m
2
2
55
Jarak e masih terletak di dalam Bidang Kern

B 11
6
6
e = 2.1899 m <
e > 1,833 m
Tegangan yang terjadi pada tanah akibat beban beban pada
bendung :
V
M.x
= A I
y
V
V . e . 0,5 . b x
1
= bx . by
3
. bx . by
12
=
V
6.V.e
2
bx . b y
bx . by
V
bx . b y
6.e
b x
Tegangan izin tanah dasar () = 3,5 kg/cm2 = 35 t/m2

Tegangan tanah dikontrol per 1 meter panjang bendung :
min
198.1478 1 6 . 2.1899
2
= -3.5037 t/m > 0

11
11
(Tidak
OK!)
max =
198.1478 1 6 . 2.1899
2
2
= 39.5306 t/m < = 35 t/m

11
11
(Tidak OK!)
2. Keadaan Banjir dengan Uplift Pressure
H = b(4) + c(4) + h(4)
= 37.2298 + 4.6876 4.4325
= 46.3498 t
V = b(3) + c(3) + d(3) + h(3)

= 13.2232 + 5.5896 + 153.9225 + 31.8943
= 204.6295 t
Mr = b(5) + c(5) + d(5) + h(5)

= 142.0171 + 57.5729 + 890.1630 + 22.5067 = 1111.2598 tm
M0 = b(6) + c(6) + h(6)
56
= 321.3782 + 35.1567 + 219.2497
= 575.7846 tm
Kontrol :
a) Terhadap guling (over turning)
SF =
M r 1111 .2598
1.93
=
575.7846
M0
1,50
(OK !)
b) Terhadap geser (sliding)
SF =
f V 0,7 . 204.6295
3.0904
=
46.3498
H
1,20
(OK !)
keterangan : f = koefisien geser
c) Terhadap daya dukung tanah (over stressing)
a =
M r M 0 1111.2598 575.7846
2.6168 m
=
204.6295
V

e =
B
a = 11 2.6168 2.8832 m
2
2
Tegangan pada tanah dasar
min =
V
bx . by
6.e
b x
204.6295 1 6 . 2.8832
2
= -10.6529 t/m > 0
11. 1
11
(Tidak
OK !)
max =
204.6295 1 6 . 2.8832
2
2
= 47.8583 t/m < = 35 t/m
11. 1
11
(Tidak OK !)
3.5.2 Dengan Gempa Horizontal
Tegangan ijin tanah (dengan gempa) = 35 t/m2 x 1,3 = 45.5 t/m2
57
H = a(4) + c(4) + e(4) + g(4)

= 23.4613 + 4.6876 + 16,6319 4,4694
= 44,964 t
V = a(3) + c(3) + d(3) + g(3)

= 6.85 + 4,44 + 166,3187 - 1,2634
= 146,895 t
Mr = a(5) + c(5) + d(5) +g(5)

= 77,7 + 46,62 + 994,4437 + 36,8688
= 1155,633 tm
M0 = a(6) + c(6) + e(6) + g(6)

= 95,5562 + 18,9201 + 90,0251 + 210,1931 = 415,242 tm
Kontrol :
a). Terhadap guling (over turning)
SF =
Mr
=
M0
1155,633
2,7830
415,242
1,50
(OK !)
b). Terhadap geser (sliding)
SF =
f V 0,7 . 146,895
2,2869 1,20
=
44,964
H
(OK !)

c). Terhadap daya dukung tanah (over stressing)
a =
Mr M0
=
V
1155,633 415,242
5,0403 m
146,895

e =
B
11
a =
5,0403 0,4597 m
2
2
V
bx . b y
6.e
b x
min =
146,895
6 . 0,4597
1
= 10,0053 t/m2
11 . 1
11
max =
146,895
6 . 0,4597
1
= 16,7029 t/m2 < = 22,75 t/m2
11 . 1
11
>0
(OK !)
(OK !)
58
2. Keadaan Air Normal tanpa Uplift Pressure

H = a(4) + c(4) + e(4)
= 27,38 + 5,4212 + 16,6319
= 49,433 t
V = a(3) + c(3) + d(3)

= 6.85 + 4,44 + 166,3187
= 178,159 t
Mr = a(5) + c(5) + d(5)

= 77,7 + 46,62 + 994,4437
= 1118,764 tm
M0 = a(6) + c(6) + e(6)

= 95,5562 + 18,9201 + 90,0251
= 204,501 tm
Kontrol :
SF =
Mr
=
M0
1118 ,764
5,4707
204,501
1,50
(OK !)
SF =
f V 0,7 . 178,159
2,5228
=
49,433
H
1,20
(OK !)
keterangan : f = koefisi en geser
a =
Mr M0
=
V
1118 ,764 204,501

5,1317 m
178,159

e =
B
B
11
a =
5,1317 0,3683 m <
= 1,8333 m
2
2
6
V
bx . by
6.e
b x
59
max =
178,159
6 . 0,3683
1
= 19,4499 t/m2<=22,75 t/m2
11. 1
11
(OK !)
min =
178,159
6 . 0,3683
1
= 12,9425 t/m2 > 0
11. 1
11
(OK !)
3. Keadaan Air Banjir dengan Uplift Pressure

H = b(4) + c(4) + e(4) + h(4)
= 39,6468 + 5,4212 + 16,6319 5,6602
= 56,040 t
V = b(3) + c(3) + d(3) - h(3)

= 12,6466 + 4,44 + 166,3187 - 34,4487
= 148,957 t
Mr = b(5) + c(5) + d(5) + h(5)

= 110,1082 + 46,62 + 994,4437 + 40,3710
= 1191,543 tm
M0 = b(6) + c(6) + f(6) + h(6)

= 166,1707 + 18,9201 + 49,7222 + 235,1931 = 510,309 tm
Kontrol :
SF =
Mr
=
M0
1191,543
2,3349
510,309
1,50
(OK !)
1,20
(OK !)

SF =
f V 0,7 . 148,957
1,8606
=
356,040
H

a =
Mr M0
=
V
1191,543 510,309
4,5734 m
148,957

e =
B
B
11
a =
4,5734 0,9266 m <
= 1,833 m
2
2
6
60
max =
V
bx . by
6.e
b x
148,957
6 . 0,9266
1
= 20,3856 t/m2 < = 22,75 t/m2
11. 1
11
(OK !)
min =
148,957
6 . 0,9266
1
= 6,6976 t/m2
11. 1
11
>0
(OK !)
4. Keadaan Air Banjir tanpa Uplift Pressure
H = b(4) + c(4) + e(4)
= 39,6468 + 5,4212 + 16,6319
= 61,7 t
V = b(3) + c(3) + d(3)

= 12,6466 + 4,44 + 166,3187
= 183,405 t
Mr = b(5) + c(5) + d(5) + e(5)

= 110,1082 + 46,62 + 994,4437 + 90,0251
= 1241,197 tm
M0 = b(6) + c(6) + e(6)

= 166,1707 + 18,9201 + 90,0251
= 275,116 tm
Kontrol :
SF =
Mr
=
M0
1241,197
2,3349
275,166
1,50
(OK !)
1,20
(OK !)

SF =
f V 0,7 . 183,405
2,0807
=
61,7
H

a =
Mr M0
=
V
1241,197 275,116
5,2768 m
183,080
61

e =
B
B
11
a =
5,2768 0,2232 m <
= 1,833 m
2
2
6
max =
V
bx . by
6.e
b x
183,405
6 . 0,2232
1
= 18,7031 t/m2 < = 22,75 t/m2
11. 1
11
(OK !)
min =
183,405
6 . 0,2232
1
= 14,6441 t/m2
11. 1
11
>0
(OK !)
3.5.3 Dengan Gempa Vertikal

Tegangan ijin tanah (dengan gempa) = 16,2 t/m2 x 1,3 = 21,06 t/m2
H = a(4) + c(4) + g(4)
= 27,38 + 5,4212 4,4694
= 28,332 t
V = a(3) + c(3) + d(3) + f(3) - g(3)

= 6.85 + 4,44 + 166,3187 + 8,3159 - 31,2634
155,211 t
Mr = a(5) + c(5) + d(5) + f(5) + g(5)
= 77,7 + 46,62 + 994,4437 + 49,7222 + 36,8688
= 1205,355 tm
M0 = a(6) + c(6) + f(6)+ g(6)

= 95,5562 + 18,9201 + 49,7222 + 210,7404
= 374,939 tm
Kontrol :
SF =
Mr
=
M0
1205,355
3,2148
3,74939
1,50
(OK !)
62
f V 0,7 . 155,211
3,8348
=
28,332
H
SF =
1,20
(OK !)
a =
Mr M0
=
V
1205,355 374,939
5,3503 m
155,211

e =
B
11
a =
2,2368 0,1497 m
2
2
V
bx . by
6.e
b x
155,211
6 . 0,1497
1
= 12,9578 t/m2 > 0
11. 1
11
(OK !)
155,211
6 . 0,1497
1
= 15,2627 t/m2 < = 22,75 t/m2
=
11. 1
11
min =
max
(OK !)
2. Keadaan Air Normal tanpa Uplift Pressure
H = a(4) + c(4)
= 27,38 + 5,4212
= 32,801 t
V = a(3) + c(3) + d(3) + f(3)

= 6.85 + 4,44 + 166,3187 + 8,3159
= 186,475 t
Mr = a(5) + c(5) + d(5) + f(5)

= 77,7 + 46,62 + 994,4437 + 49,7222
= 1168,476 tm
M0 = a(6) + c(6) + f(6)

= 95,5562 + 18,9201 + 49,7222
= 164,199 tm
Kontrol :
63
SF =
Mr
=
M0
1168,486
7,1163
164,199
1,50
(OK !)
1,20
(OK !)

SF =
f V
0,7 . 186,475
3,9795
=
32,801
H

a =
Mr M0
=
V
1168,486 164,119
5,3806 m
186,475

e =
B
11
a =
5,3806 0,1139 m
2
2
<
B
= 1,833 m
6
max =
V
bx . by
6.e
b x
186,475
6 . 0,1139
1
= 18,0055 t/m2 < = 22,75 t/m2
11 . 1
11
(OK !)
min =
186,475
6 . 0,1139
1
= 15,8995 t/m2
11 . 1
11
>0
(OK !)
3. Keadaan Air Banjir dengan Uplift Pressure
H = b(4) + c(4) + h(4)
= 39,6468 + 5,4212 5,6602
= 39,408 t
V = b(3) + c(3) + d(3) + f(3) - h(3)

= 12,6466 + 4,44 + 166,3187 + 8,3159 34,4487
= 157,273 t
Mr = b(5) + c(5) + d(5) + h(5)

= 110,1082 + 46,62 + 994,4437 + 40,3710
= 1191,543 tm
M0 = b(6) + c(6) + f(6) + h(6)

64
= 166,1707 + 18,9201 + 49,7222 + 235,1931
= 470,006 tm
Kontrol :
d). Terhadap guling (over turning)
SF =
Mr
=
M0
1191,543
2,5352
470,006
1,50
(OK !)
1,20
(OK !)
e). Terhadap geser (sliding)

SF =
f V 0,7 . 157,273
2,7936
=
39,408
H

f). Terhadap daya dukung tanah (over stressing)
a =
Mr M0
=
V
1191,543 470,006
4,5878 m
157,273

e =
B
B
11
a =
4,5878 0,9122 m <
= 1,833 m
2
2
6
max =
V
bx . by
6.e
b x
157,273
6 . 0,9122
1
= 21,4114 t/m2 < = 22,75 t/m2
11 . 1
11
(OK !)
min =
157,273
6 . 0,9122
1
= 8,5185 t/m2
11 . 1
11
>0
(OK !)
65
4. Keadaan Air Banjir tanpa Uplift Pressure

H = b(4) + c(4)
= 39,6468 +5,4212
= 45,068 t
V = b(3) + c(3) + d(3) + f(3)

= 12,6466 + 4,44 + 166,3187 + 8,3159
= 191,721 t
Mr = b(5) + c(5) + d(5) + f(5)

= 110,1082 + 46,62 + 994,4437 + 49,7222
= 1200,894 tm
M0 = b(6) + c(6) + f(6)

= 166,1707 + 18,9201 +49,7222
= 234,813 tm
Kontrol :
SF =
Mr
=
M0
1200,894
5,1143
234,813
1,50
(OK !)
1,20
(OK !)

SF =
f V
0,7 . 191,721
2,9778
=
45,068
H

a =
Mr M0
=
V
1200,894 234,813
5,0389 m
191,721

e =
B
B
11
a =
5,0389 0,4610 m <
= 1,833 m
2
2
6
V
bx . by
6.e
b x
66
max =
191,721
6 . 0,4610
1
= 21,5147 t/m2 < = 22,75 t/m2
11 . 1
11
(OK !!)
min =
191,721
6 . 0,4610
1
= 13,0934 t/m2
11 . 1
11
>0
(OK!!)
Tabel 3.10 Akumulasi Kombinasi Gaya-Gaya yang Bekerja pada Tubuh Bendung
SF
Kombinasi gaya gaya pada tubuh
bendung
1.
2.
3.
Tanpa gempa
a. Air normal + gaya angkat
b.
Air banjir + gaya angkat
Dengan gempa horizontal
b.
Air normal
c.
d.
Air banjir
Dengan gempa vertikal
b.
Air normal
c.
d.
Air banjir
Tegangan Tanah
Tanpa Gempa
Dengan Gempa
Max
Max
Min
Min
< 17,5
< 22,75
>0
>0
t/m2
t/m2
Guling
Geser
1,5
1,2
3,5534
2,8351
3,6294
2,6459
12.2388
15,9218
14,469
11,161
2,7830
5,4706
2,3349
2,3349
2.2869
2,5228
1,8606
2,0808
16,7029
19,4499
20,3856
18,7031
10,005
12,9425
6,6976
14,6441
3,2148
7,1163
2,5352
5,1143
3,8348
3,9795
2,7936
2,9778
15,2627
18,0055
21,4114
21,5147
12,9578
15,8995
8,5185
13,0934
67

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BAB III

ANALISA STABILITAS BENDUNG

Tekanan berat sendiri bendung.

Gaya angkat (uplift pressure).

3.1 Tekanan Air

Gambar 3.1 Diagram Tekanan Akibat Air Normal

Tabel. 3.1 Perhitungan Tekanan Air Normal

3.1.2 Tekanan Air Banjir (Flood)

Gambar 3.2 Diagram Tekanan Akibat Air Banjir

Tabel.3.2 Perhitungan Tekanan Air Banjir

3.1.3 Tekanan Lumpur

= tan2 (450 /2)

= berat volume lumpur (t/m3)

= sudut gesek dalam

= tekanan lumpur aktif

Gambar 3.3 Diagram Tekanan Akibat Lumpur

Tekanan Berat Sendiri Bendung

Gambar 3.4 Diagram Tekanan Akibat Berat Sendiri Bendung

Pada badan bendung yang berbentuk parabola, luas penampang digunakan

= 1.49. 4.36 . 2.2

= 1/2 .b. h . pasangan = 1/2 .1.50 . 3 . 2.2

= 1/2 . b. h . pasangan = 1/2 .0.95 . 1.89 . 2.2

= 2/3 . b. h . pasangan = 2/3 . 1.83 . 1.63 . 2.2

= 2/3 . b. h . pasangan = 2/3 . 0.30 . 1.40 . 2.2

= 0.50. 1.50 . 2.2

= 0.07. 1.93 . 2.2

Tabel 3.4 Perhitungan Tekanan Berat Sendiri Bendung

= gaya gempa horizontal (t)

= koefisien gempa horizontal, (Pondasi batu : Kh = 0,10)

= berat sendiri bendung (t)

M01 = momen guling akibat berat sendiri (tm)

Momen akibat gempa vertikal :

= gaya gempa vertikal (t)

= koefisien gempa vertikal, (Pondasi batu : Kv = 0,05)

Mr1 = momen tahanan akibat berat sendiri (tm)

Gaya Angkat (Uplift Pressure)

H = 422.45 m 415.6 m = 6.85m

= tinggi muka air dari titik yang dicari (m)

= panjang rayapan (m)

= total rayapan (m)

H = tinggi muka air normal (m)

= uplift pressure di titik x (t/m2)

Gambar 3.5 Rayapan Gaya Angkat

Tabel 3.5 Perhitungan Gaya Angkat Akibat Air Normal

Gaya angkat per 1 m panjang (t)

y total = 4 1,5396 = 2,4604 m

y total = 3 1,4785 = 1,5215 m

y total = 4 0,9491 = 3,0509 m

.(5,1125 + 4,5968) = 14,5640 t

x total = 6 1,4734 = 4,5266 m

.(3,4563 + 5.1125) = 8,5688 t

.(3,8001 + 3,4563) = 7,2564 t

x total = 8 0,9842 = 7,0158 m

.(3,8001 + 7,3158) = 16,6739 t

y total = 3 1,3419 = 1,6581 m

x total =11 1,4830 = 9,5170 m

.(3,199 + 4,221) = 19,7681 t

y total = 3 1,4057 = 1,5943 m

Tabel 3.6 Gaya Angkat Akibat Air Normal

Uplift Force (t)

M0 = fu . M0 = 0,50 . (395.525) = 197.7626 tm

fu = koefisien reduksi untuk jenis tanah keras (50 %)

H = Hb = 424.4735 415.600 = 8.8735m