KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas segala limpahan rahmatNya sehingga saya dapat
menyelesaikan penyusunan mini project penelitian ini dalam bentuk maupun isinya yang sangat
sederhana. Semoga mini project penelitian dengan judul UPAYA PEMBENTUKKAN SISWA
PEMANTAU JENTIK DALAM MENURUNKAN KASUS DBD DI KELURAHAN PONDOK
KELAPA TAHUN 2015 ini dapat dipergunakan sebagai salah satu acuan, petunjuk maupun
pedoman bagi para warga Kelurahan Pondok Kelapa.

Harapan saya semoga mini project penelitian ini membantu menambah pengetahuan
tentang Demam Berdarah Dengue bagi para warga Kelurahan Pondok Kelapa, sehingga saya
dapat memperbaiki bentuk maupun isi mini project penelitian ini sehingga kedepannya dapat
lebih baik.

Mini project penelitian ini saya akui masih banyak kekurangan karena pengalaman yang
saya miliki sangat kurang. Oleh kerena itu, saya harapkan kepada para pembaca untuk
memberikan masukan-masukan yang bersifat membangun untuk kesempurnaan mini project
penelitian ini.

Jakarta, Februari 2015

Alfiatur Rizki
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DAFTAR ISI
Kata Pengantar ........... i
Daftar Isi

....ii

Daftar Gambar..vi
Daftar Tabel vii
Daftar Lampiran.viii
BAB I...............................................................................................................................................5
PENDAHULUAN..........................................................................................................................5
1.1 Latar belakang........................................................................................................................5
1.2

Rumusan masalah.............................................................................................................7

1.3 Tujuan.....................................................................................................................................7
1.3.1 Umum..............................................................................................................................7
1.3.2 Khusus.............................................................................................................................7
1.4 Manfaat...............................................................................................................................8
BAB II.............................................................................................................................................9
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA.................................................................................................................9
2.1. PENYAKIT DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD)......................................................9
2.1.1. Definisi...........................................................................................................................9
2.1.2. Agent Infeksius.............................................................................................................10
2.1.3 Vektor Penular...............................................................................................................10
2.2. PENULARAN VIRUS DENGUE......................................................................................10
2.2.1. Mekanisme Penularan..................................................................................................10
2.2.2. Tempat Potensial Bagi Penularan Penyakit DBD........................................................12
2.3 Tanda dan Gejala DBD........................................................................................................12
2.3.1 Demam.........................................................................................................................12

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2.3.2 Tanda-tanda perdarahan................................................................................................13

2.3.3 Hepatomegali (pembesaran hati)..................................................................................13
2.3.4 Renjatan (shock)...........................................................................................................14
2.3.5 Trombositopeni.............................................................................................................14
2.3.6 Hemokonsentrasi..........................................................................................................14
2.3.7 Gejala klinik lain..........................................................................................................15
2.4 PENGENALAN NYAMUK PENULAR (VEKTOR) DBD................................................15
2.4.1 Siklus Hidup Nyamuk Aedes.........................................................................................15
2.4.2 Ciri-ciri Nyamuk Aedes................................................................................................16
2.4.3. Tempat Perkembangbiakan Jentik Aedes.....................................................................20
2.4.4 Perilaku Nyamuk Aedes................................................................................................22
2.5 JUMANTIK ANAK SEKOLAH.........................................................................................23
2.5.1 Struktur.........................................................................................................................23
2.5.2 Tata Kerja/Koordinasi Di Lapangan..............................................................................25
2.5.3 Kriteria Dan Perekrutan Jumantik Anak Sekolah dan Guru Penanggung Jawab PSN. 26
2.5.4 Perekrutan......................................................................................................................27
2.4.5 Peran Dan Tanggung Jawab..........................................................................................27
2.5.6 Dukungan Operasional..................................................................................................29
2.6 PELAKSANAAN PEMBERANTASAN SARANG NYAMUK (PSN) ANAK SEKOLAH
....................................................................................................................................................30
2.7

Ukuran Kepadatan Populasi Penular...............................................................................35

2.7.1

Survei Nyamuk........................................................................................................35

2.7.2

Survei Jentik (Pemeriksaan Jentik)..........................................................................35

BAB III.........................................................................................................................................38
METODE PENELITIAN............................................................................................................39

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3.1

KERANGKA KONSEP..................................................................................................39

3.2

VARIABEL PENELITIAN.............................................................................................39

3.3 DEFINISI

OPERASIONAL

DAN

SKALA

PENGUKURAN VARIABEL. .40

3.4 Desain Penelitian.................................................................................................................41

3.5

Sampel Pengumpulan Data.............................................................................................41

3.6

Tempat Penelitian............................................................................................................42

3.7

Waktu Penelitian.............................................................................................................42

3.8

Penentuan Instrumen Pengumpulan Data.......................................................................43

3.9

Pengumpulan data...........................................................................................................43

3.10

Pengolahan Data dan Analisa Data.................................................................................44

BAB IV..........................................................................................................................................46
HASIL...........................................................................................................................................46
4.1 Profil Komunitas Umum......................................................................................................46
4.1.1. Luas Wilayah................................................................................................................46
4.1.2. Batas Wilayah...............................................................................................................47
4.2

Data Demografi...............................................................................................................49

4.2.1.

Jumlah Penduduk....................................................................................................49

4.2.2.

Potensi Penduduk.....................................................................................................52

4.2.3.

FASILITAS UMUM TERKAIT..............................................................................53

4.3.

Visi dan Misi...................................................................................................................57

4.3.1

Visi...........................................................................................................................57

4.3.2

Misi..........................................................................................................................57

4.4

FASILITAS KESEHATAN.............................................................................................57

4.5

SUMBER DAYA PUSKESMAS..................................................................................59

4.5.1

Jenis Pelayanan........................................................................................................59
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4.5.2.
4.6

Sarana Transportasi..................................................................................................63

SUMBER DANA DAN KEUANGAN..........................................................................64

BAB V...........................................................................................................................................68
DISKUSI.......................................................................................................................................68
5.1 GAMBARAN UMUM PELAKSANAAN PENELITIAN................................................68
5.1.1

Pemantauan Jentik....................................................................................................68

5.2 Analisis Univariat...............................................................................................................69

5.2.1 Karakteristik Sampel Penelitian..................................................................................69
5.3 Status Keberadaan Jentik di Rumah Responden................................................................70
5.4 Status Keberadaan Jentik di Sekolah Responden...............................................................71
5.5 Status Kehadiran Siswa yang melaksanakan PSN.............................................................72
BAB VI..........................................................................................................................................73
SIMPULAN DAN SARAN.........................................................................................................73
6.1 SIMPULAN......................................................................................................................73
6.2 SARAN.............................................................................................................................73
6.2.1

Untuk Sekolah............................................................................................................73

6.2.2

Untuk Dinas Kesehatan DKI Jakarta..........................................................................74

6.2.3

Untuk Petugas Puskesmas Kelurahan Pondok Kelapa...............................................74

DAFTAR ISI.................................................................................................................................75

Daftar Gambar
Gambar 2.1. Siklus Hidup Nyamuk Aedes................................. Error: Reference source not found
Gambar 2.2. Telur Nyamuk Aedes..............................................Error: Reference source not found
Gambar 2.3. Jentik Nyamuk Aedes.............................................Error: Reference source not found
Gambar 2.4. Kepompong Aedes................................................. Error: Reference source not found
Gambar 2.5. Nyamuk Aedes....................................................... Error: Reference source not found
Gambar 2.6. Tempat perkembangbiakan buatan.........................Error: Reference source not found
Gambar 2.7. Tempat perkembangbiakan alamiah.......................Error: Reference source not found
Gambar 2.8.Bagan Struktur Pembina Jumantik/ PSN Anak Sekolah Tingkat Kabupaten/ Kota
.....................................................................................................Error: Reference source not found
Gambar 2.9. Contoh PSN kit...................................................... Error: Reference source not found
Gambar 2.10. Pemantauan jentik................................................ Error: Reference source not found
Gambar 2.12. Tempat-tempat potensial perkembangbiakan nyamuk didalam rumah. 28
Gambar 2.12. Tempat-tempat potensial perkembangbiakan nyamuk di luar rumah..................... 29
Gambar 2.13 Kerangka Teori......................................................Error: Reference source not found
Gambar 3.1 Kerangka Konsep....................................................Error: Reference source not found
Gambar 4.1 Peta Wilayah Kelurahan Pondok Kelapa.................................................................43

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Daftar Tabel
Tabel 3.1 Definisi Operasional dan Skala Pengukuran Variabel...................................................36
Tabel 3.2 Jadwal Kegiatan Pengumpulan Data............................................................................39
Tabel 4.1 Jumlah RT di tiap RW Kelurahan Pondok Kelapa........................................................42
Tabel 4.2 Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Umur dan Jenis Kelamin...................................................45
Tabel 4.3 Jumlah Penduduk Setiap RW.........................................................................................46
Tabel 4.4 Potensi Penduduk Berdasarkan Mata Pencaharian........................................................48
Tabel 4.5 Potensi Penduduk Berdasarkan Agama.........................................................................48
Tabel 4.7 Fasilitas Umum Tempat Pendidikan..............................................................................50
Tabel 4.8 Fasilitas Umum Tempat Tempat Umum........................................................................50
Tabel 4.9 Fasilitas Umum Tempat Resapan...................................................................................52
Tabel 4.10 Peran Serta Masyarakat................................................................................................53
Tabel 4.11 Sarana Kesehatan.........................................................................................................55
Tabel 4.12. Sarana Pelayanan........................................................................................................55
Tabel 4.13 Tenaga Kesehatan........................................................................................................56
Tabel 4.14 Tenaga Kontrak/Harian Lepas.....................................................................................58
Tabel 4.15 Struktur Pegawai Puskesmas Kelurahan Pondok Kelapa............................................59
Tabel 4.16 Hasil Penerimaan Retribusi Puskesmas Kelurahan Pondok Kelapa............................62
Tabel 4.17 Perencanaan Pemanfaatan Dana..................................................................................63
Tabel 5.1 Waktu Pelaksanaan Pemantauan Jentik.........................................................................65
Tabel 5.2 Distribusi Responden menurut Jenis Kelamin...............................................................66
Tabel 5.3 Distribusi kehadiran siswa yang melaksanakan Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk di
rumah dan di sekolah pada minggu I, II, III, dan IV.....................................................................67
Tabel 5.4 Distribusi Status Keberadaan Jentik di Rumah Responden...........................................68
Tabel 5.5 Distribusi Keberadaan Jentik di sekolah SMP Kelurahan Pondok Kelapa pada
Pemeriksaan Minggu I, II, III dan IV............................................................................................69
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