A Practical English Grammar pe Cua BUC ey maT Ure ee) | AY A Elec § Soma actical English Grammar lone Timteabcaete te ONE Ca cooanesy iti enna [Tid aA PRACTICAL ENGLISH GRAMMAR _! COMBINED EXERCISES VOLUME I 1. Present and Past Tenses 2, Future and Conditional Tenses 3. Gerund, Infinitive, and Pai 5. Auxiliary Verbs 6, Indirect Speech and Passive Voice iples A.J. THOMSON A.V. MARTINET OXFORD UNIVERSIT) tofOxford University Prass, Walton iret, Oxford ox2 Go © Osfnd Une Proe 20s ‘uma ¥ nd hve pve ben pda tn” nitude of xererand are ease st ‘hs form bbls « Carbine 0 nig Te it inprason 107, Alt ihe, raga No art of his pala may be prurient, o amt (frm rho a mec, meen te, png cording ata hate pares °F Gcfrd Unray Prot “This Bok sold jt th somiton ha sent, Iya of ao arene etree, he these crated moa the pablshe's renee ‘as fv nr sour ether tha tha sh 5 plied ed wit bar cotton ang ‘out inp om th eet parchese Pid jn Hone Kin ie PREFACE, ‘Tus ten books of exerie which accompany the authors! A Practical Eaglsh Grammar bave been combined int evo volumes ‘This fist volume contains Books 1,2 , 5) and 6 andthe second ‘olume contains Books 4, 7,8, 9, and 30. Hook 4 is grouped with ‘Book 7 in Volume IT in order to bring together the work oa repestions. “References atthe ead of each exercige refer to paragraphs in A Practical Balch Grammar. Where nececrary two ast of efee- ‘ences are given, one forthe fst and one forthe second edition, "The exereiset are graded ‘A ‘Bor ‘CA’ mane ‘iil ‘B means ‘moderately eificl’, and “C’ means cay". Some ofthe exercises arin the form ofa asavenation between ‘ero people. Quotation marks ate-not used here bu the second sematk i usually printed directly below the fs. eg. Why you (sharpen) the sav? * Tam going to shorten the legs of the diting-room table, ‘When both serasks ar very short they are sometimes printed oa ‘the sume line with 2 wide space between them. ‘eg. You (bath the dog? Yes. You (help) me?CONTENTS 1. PRESENT AND PAST TENSES (Based om chapters 11, 16, and 17 of A Practice! Bnglih Gromer) verte Page 1 Auciiary Verb, Present Tense 2 Avriliry Verbs, P 13 Auiry Verbs inshore anaes 4 The Simple Present Tense 55 The Simple Present Tense, Negutive and Int "Tense rogativne 6 The Present Continvous Tense The Simple Present and the Pretent Continuous 8 The Simple Present and the Present Continous 9 The Simple Past Tense (mainly isepular veebs) 10 The Simple Past Tense, Negative and Tnterogative 11 The Past Continuous Tense 12 The Simple Pst and the Pst Continuous 13"The Simple Pst and the Past Continuous 14 The Present Perfect Tense 15 The Present Pesfect and the Simple Past 16 The Present Peafect and the Simple Pest 27 The Present Perfect and the Simple Past 38 The Present Perfect Continuous Tense 29 The Present Perfect and the Present Perfect Continuous 22 For and Since 3 4 6 ” 19 4 7 29 4 a 3 “ “6 ” 2, FUTURE AND CONDITIONAL TENSES (Based on chapters 18-21 of A Protcal Buglsh Granonar.) Brera Poe 1 The Present Cotinous Tease 2 The Gola to Foom * 4 The Present Continous andthe Golng t9 Form 53 44 The Future Tense A 5 § The Present Continuous ad the Fue Tense s 6 Wits and dhe Golng to Form 8 7 Will Tfsiive and the Going to Form, Tntrrogative 62 & The Future Continuous Tense @ 49 Wil lfiniive an the Future Continuous 10 Won't-Tnfisitve and the Fuute Coninvous Negnive 67 1 Will you? aod Second Peron Inteogatve Forms 69 1 Shall zed Wil ” 15 Tims Cause 3 14 ‘The Potute Pee Tense 1 15 Tie Clauses 7 16 Condon! Sentences: Type 2 8 17 Conditional Sentenest: Type a fo 18 Conditional Sentences: Type 3 & 29 Conon! Sentences: Mixed Typen 8 0 Conditional Seotences: Mixed Type 4s s3. GERUND, INFINITIVE, AND.PARTICIPLES (Based on chapters 23, 25, and 24 of A Practical English ‘Grammar Buorcve Page 1 nitive with or withovt To 8 2 Infinitive with or without To & 1 Tnfntivecepresnted by is To o 1 Indirect Commands expressd by Objece Infinitive 94 5 Tndirst Commands exprested by Object-+Infitive ., 9§ 6 Too/Bnowgh/So -.. As with Infinitive on 7 Various Infinitive Constructions 8 8 Infinitive sod to express Purpose 100 19 Clases and Phrases of Porpose rea zo Perfect Infinitive wed with Auxiliary Verbs 105 Pere Init el with Asis and ome ese 12 The Gerund mag 1 Gerund ad Titve rs 14 Gerund and Infinitive wre walt oh 15 Gerund and Infinitive eee ee 16 Taine, Geund and Pa BAe 8° 17 Connections with Batcpl’ 8 77h? bang 18 Miachted Pati 2 taiboe 28 . AUXILTARY VERBS ‘ebm chapters 124o:x5;and a and2 [paragraphs 250, (ei of a Prete! Brglsh Grommar) ri Page TD sliary Verb, Negative and lcerogativ, 16 Aussi pd Otay Verb Nei an uy ater, " 43 Have, Posesive #7 19 6p Have arouse wes : nt Vg ‘The Have; Object PastReiile Contrstion | 133 6 Be 5 4 abd Be ble! ©! ; ar ee 19 19 Short aaa sing. Vara a ro Question Ty oe 3 Additions to rears, ving Alsty Veda a4 7 Aggcements and disagreement with separ, wing, 145 SKuniay Verbs E 14 Avuliaree flow by Ininiye with or wihout To. 148 14 Must and Have To a 435 Must Not and Neod Not ast $6 Need Not sd Don't Have To, ete ce 17 Must, Can't, and Needi’t with the Pesfect Infinitive 155 18 Will and Shall a sy 15 Would snd Should 459 20 Would and Should 6 21 Aviary Verbs wed with the Perfet Inte. 263 7‘6. INDIRECT SPEECH AND PASSIVE VOICE (Based on chapters 27 and 28 of A Practice! English Grammar.) Brera Page 1 Tadirect Speech: Statements 163 2 Indirect Speech: Statements m0 3 Tadizect Speech: Questions ™ 4 Indizece Speech: Question with some Yes/No answers 274 and questions begining Shall 1? 5 Indirec Speech: Commands 6 6 Indirect Speech: Commands a7 7 Indizect Speech: Commands with I Clauses and 179 "Time Clauses 8 Indirect Speech: Suggestions and commands with Let 380 19 Indirect Speech: Sentences with Must, Needn’t, and x82 ave to 10 Indivee Speech: Sentences with Will and Shall, 235 ‘Would snd Should 1 Tndiret Speech: Mixed types 286 12 Indizet Speach t Direct Spesch 388 15 Passive Voice: Active to Pusive (without agent) 99 14 Passive Voice: Active to Passive (with agent) 91 25 Aative to Pave with ver-hprepeion adv 255, 6 Active to Passive with changes of construction 194 17 Pause to Active 196 KEY A. pase ano Past TaNsE5 aoa 2. voruns AND CONDITIONAL TaNsEe 207 3. ORRUND, INFINITIVE, AND PARTIOIPLES 25 5. avxiuiany venns ae 6. iupinecr seHncH AND’ rassrvE vorce 236 EXERCISES | PRESENT AND PAST TENSESse i Ausiliary Verbs © [Read the following (a) inthe negative {@) inthe iterogative (6) in the grd person singular (wcies ace used bth by themes and pat of vasons setae of erdnay vets) - 102, 103 "Note, 1 may meaning ‘posibiliy” cannot be used in the inter- fogative Imad we e's phate sh as Do you Ga ‘ha Fafature tense, ore Hkely-an inne, cg: No.x_ Am Itikly tose him? No. 13 Do you think that they will ome? 2 Use needn't a the negutive of must in Nos 15, 2 es ce 5 3, T may se him, ‘They should read more, You are two metres tl We are seeing Mary tomorrow. ‘They can play the harp. ‘The gils ae playing tenis, We ean tll ou the time, ‘The birds are eating the buds, ean show him the way. ‘They have s house. "The men will be angry. ‘Tom and Ann can go by bos, 1 They may come tonight, Hf. We are cleaning our own shoes, PB Feru reso eH Po, 1 PREOENT & PAST TENSES 15, They mort obey me. 16, The boys have seen the comet, 7. These lakes are deep 18, There exereies ae all wrong. 19, They ate very ea . Zo. They sy (permision take i eae 2, They have made a cake, 22, Thay are made by was 3, You must be quick 24. Thoie gardens are fll of weeds 235. They ae in a hurry. 26. You have alot of grey baie 27, Lam ashamed, a8, You'l be able to drive in afew days a9, They have writen to him. Jo. We must lend him tome money 31. The cows are walking on the daffodil ye. These plays are writen by the students, 33. They ill be lf they eat it 5, These repair wil ake along tie. 35: Some pearls are made by oysters: 3b. Thave a bad cold. 2 Aucsiliary Verbs eo 1, 105, Put the following verbs into the pus tice. (Ausiiaceare ured both by themsefan aad se pare of certain forms ad tenses of rdinary verbs) Use had tovas the past tense of must. 12) He a working har 2 She does’ ke cats. « 5. Leaa’teny anything.PRO. X PRESENT & Past tenses 4 We must read i atefly. 5 a ? & ° ~ 2. 34. 35 2. a. a 2%. 30 3 32 ca Tam afraid of cows Hl can leit easily It ie’ far from London, Tent the tower goo years old? He's mowing the gras He hopes tat Tom willbe thers. Flow much does thie cost? "They haven't much mane. low old is he? Do you sce any dierence? do what Team, How fa ean you sian? ‘You must change that. "Tom can always ride my bicyle, What tei it? “ave you time to do it? ‘Are you tightened? Mist you pay frit youre? ‘What have you got in the box? We hope that fel ome, Hl says that she may not be in ite. (Ble ad hat he...) Do you understand what hei aying? I dont, ‘There are accdenta every day at these cowstoade She thnks that it may cost £100. (She though that it...) Doesn't Mr. Pitt know you addres? ‘They aren: expecting me, are they? ‘ie thinks thatthe snakes may be dangers (ie 28), She wans to hoow if she may borrow te er. She wante pera ohn a Borrow theca. (She wanted to 1s she interested in exoeoiles? Po. 4 PRESENT & PAST TENSES 134 Tom io cetan that he will win 35. Can you real the notice? No, Tat 36. I don think thatthe bull wil attacks, 5 | Ausilary Verbs © ross Acar the following questions, (aia the imative {Gai coger, fn each cao repeating the Acinry end sing @ pronoun a8 sbject. eg, Do yu need this? * Answer: Yes, Ido, No, T don't © Cax'Tom swim? Anmwer: ex, be can, Noy be cave ‘Une needa’ the saptve of mast. Te the water dep? Do you know the way? {Can you swim? Does he come every ay? [Are you afraid of eho? ‘Are you fcing beter? ‘Must you go? Are you ejoying this? ‘Does he kor you? ‘Aze your neighbours noisy? 11, May Tbortow your ea? 12, Is English dieu? 15. Wil she ses him? 14 Do you play cards? 25, Should I tl the police? 36. Can you cook? 5ruoun pause & rast TENERS 1x7. Are you Mr. Pit? 38. Did she sing well? 19. Ts your mame Pits? . j 20. Were they frightened? 21, Will bi mother be there? 22, Ought Lo get anew bat? 23. Should T marry him? 24, Wes the driver hiled? 25, Have you any money? 36. Did you dismiss him? 27. Do you live here? 28, Should we et the grace? 29, Ia he bappy? 30. a it old today? 38. Can help you? 3% Mum you spe ie? 53} Are you having a bath? 3h Amin your way? 35 Does he love you? 36. Are you hungey? 4 The Simple Present. Tense © a Read the following i the ged perso ssl. 1, Tekin Tam right, : 2. Policemea often dret trafic : i 5. They help thee father 4 Butchers sell mest. 5 Welive in Loadon. 168,165 4 Po. x PARENT Se PAST TENEES 6 They wotry too much. 4. You dive too quickly 8 Talynys carry an umbrella 19. Why do dogs bark? ro, Bids usualy build neste that tee 11, Cats dor’ bark. 12, Buses go every ten minates, ton tg, Talways ead The Times 14, Do you like hard-boiled open? 15, These seats cost 50. 16, [goto church on Sunday 17, Blephans never forget. 18, You make very bad soup. 19, Do duck ay gps? 2p, T often forget my own age 3t, Do you like snails? 232, Do you often eat gaclic? : 25, Tonk my own meas, 34, Baglshmen seldom speak at breakfast, 235, Detectives don't weat uniform 26, What do they do? ‘They do nothing They lie in be all day. 27. Good eildren aways obey their paren. 28, They kise their mother when they come hom from school. 29, Englishmen rush home when the day's work i ove. 30. The boys box i the gymoasium.on Feidays: $e. Hie dog always sack strangers. c 42. There hotels doa’ allow dogs 5. Motor eyeen don’t make a lot of nose! S54 Lhnush my bair every night 55: My etn oe By oe he wl hy osin Me Pts arden. 436. They do exercites every snoring before beakfst 5° PO. PRESENT & past TENEES 5 The Simple Present Tense 168,169 Rend the lowing, te neve Gis te Reape. Now 2 and 1, have is wed a8 an ordinary ved ad should Detected ar one ad + + & é z & 5 % Ps Ps 6 wn 8 2%. 23 ‘You know the anewer Hl has breakfast a 8, Jock loves il Some schoolgils wear uniforms. He erst you Jets in the su. ‘The bel sings at 80. "The Mowers lok feesh Some chile like sect “He thinks too much. He lives beside the sea ‘They tal in thei lp, "This stave heats the wter, ‘Shea cold bath everyday. CCinbers often carey ropes He usually believes you. He sve sed in the spring. remember the ede. ‘She plays chess very wel ‘They aay forget to pay: ‘These thieves usualy work a night. [He leaves ome at 8 everyday. ‘Most men shave every day here 6 po. pagsnnt & pase vexens a. She agees with you, 25, The dog bark all aight, 236, Their neighbours often compli 27. Some git enjy dances, 28. They fel very cold 29. Tom looks well 30. They sll eh grape juice here, 31. She spends all her money on clothes. 42, Sho cue ber husband’ baie every week 33. They pick che apples in October. Sh. The lat tenn eaves at midnight 35. This car breaks down frequently. 436. That star moves round the wu. 6 The Present Continuous Tense © Xoo ‘Put the vets in brakes into the present continuous tense. have in Novas i used ay an ordinary verb and can therefore Be wied in the condinnocs fase 1. She (ot work), she (en) in che sive. 2 He (each) his boy to ride ‘3 Why Ann (oot wea) her new dre? {4 The aeroplane (By) at 3,00 meen §. What Tom (do) now) He (cles) hs shoes. 8: This re (go) ut. Somebody (bring) more coe? 2 (nny? : ‘Yet in) very hard. You can't go out yet 4 You (mend) my socks? 4. You oot el) the rth “low do you know that I (not tl) the truth? "8 1% a x. n Bs Py 2 % 2s 26. 2. 8 st & vase reves ‘Who (me) that hose nie? Tes our uncle, He (peta) he vai 7 Ms Jones (weep the spe outside house Whe you (ead) sow? (read) Crime and Peco tis lovely day. The son shine andthe bird ng). Someone (knock) atthe door. You (ago) to'anwec it? Tigo ina minute jue a) ot of my bet She alway (ring) wp and aking wily question My aunt docs usualy make cakes on, Mondays, but she (oak) one today ne iter (Come) tte tert ‘Whereis Tom? He (i) under the Cen T borrow our pen oF yu oe) iat the some? You (do) anything this evening? No I'm not. WALT ces Wek you the Co with me? (Child: Come and look The house ost the ond ion el Mater: come now, (sep the Fe Bogue CALLE Yes, they have just dvved and the men Gump) down from the engines sion J to a Moser: Whit she people ofthe house (do)? ERLE Some ofthe nd nthe st holding a Manet another (tow) things down fromthe window, ‘A woman-(wave) fom: the ate. thine the i tapped. ‘Pechape the ss (ae). : ‘The ee (pu) ner, and one of hem cli) wp to help her Now th ean ome) dov ii (Gr «iby. The We ae) epi a 89 ino Bese To (etc) suesty emi Why you (epe}90 fst? You (ihe) lot ofits ‘What the strange smell ‘The people ae dor (ook) Bbages © =e oh ‘Tom ually feds the hos bt To) ty he nt wel ‘You can't see Mira, Pit because (tt, Se awaysrents ‘eer neh . : 8 eG. x PREeANT & pant TeNEES 30. They (dig) an enormous hoe just ouside my gate, Why ches (aight? 1 don't know. Pesan they (sk) for ol t+ Who (rake) that terrible noe? {es ny new maid. She (va) up. 32 The children are very quiet. Go and see what the (do, Sere wenn ae 3+ What you (ait) for? (ai) for my, change; the boy jst ge) 4 Loan’thear what you (ay); the wali (make) too much acs, 435. She always (ose her glases and aking me t oo fo them, 436. Why yo (hie) the bores? T (hide) them beesuse my motherialay (come) to dionee ‘omar and the deat’ approve of drinks r 7 ‘The Simple Present and the Presént Continucis © ort ‘ith vib in ences inde Sle pre the present + Gecko oi ney, ya) dhe nes of ote 2 You cn se Tom gosh (ae) abil 2) He tly (ih) cole But today be (din) te, ‘What he (do) inthe evenings? is Shea) ceo ey ae AB «5. Twon' go out now ai (ra) and Toot ave) aire, 6 The la esi eae) the sation at go sy Jee usually peat) 9 aug that (po nds him An (ake) adres for here the moet. She (mae) aker oan dotien rs tne 9, In Spain women usily (no wey at » 7Pa. pansent & Past TENSE + so: Pn afeid Ye broken one of our cote cu ‘oo’ weey. Tot nate) ait (oo i) hn stay. % 11 Tear) at today bro the ot 12, Tom can't have the newapaper now bea his ant (ea) 1g. Lau anor th phone now bein (ake) an omelet 14, The hele (boil) 20m Shall T maketh ea? 25. You (enjoy) yous ox would you ike to lave now? Tey) Sa ery oc (rt wo ny ta % 16, How you (gs) to work a ule? null (fo) by bus bu tomorow Io) in Tom's eat 7. Why you (pa) on your cont? Teer Sat You com) mith me? Ye ove to come ou (in) i bring ny dog? 18, How much you (ne) hin? I (owe) him £3 ‘You Gate 0 fy him? 19, You belo wo your lel thay? Yea, You (ead) tt es, quite do How often you (ange) Jour bool? T (ang) one every dy. ao, Mary usualy (laa) languages very quickly but se (ot See) able etn node Grats 21 Lalays (by) ltery tickets bat I never vn) anything 22, You (like) this necklace? (give it to my daughter for her ith tanarow 23.1 won't tll you my are unk you (pomie) sotto el Seyone| "Troms. 24. You aay (vats) ith you Tf and? 25: Yous ti | No, Uli) hin very much bu T(t ov) him. 26, You rem) at ight? “Ye aay (ea) and 1 (ct) to much upper Tae) “yet 27. Who (make that terrible nie? Tes Me PAC He (tow) his nose P20. PROSENT & PAST TENSES 28, These workmen are neve said; they always complain} 25, We (ase) thin room today because the window in the other room i broken £>- He los ay tht e wl mend he window but he eve 31. You (non) why an apple (al) down and not up? 42, You (write) to im tonight? ‘Ye, always (wet) to him on his birdday. You (ant) v0 end any mage? ‘Tom and Mf. Put (hare) a long conversion. I (wondes) Bhat they (al) aaa Cea ‘You believe) al thatthe newspapers say? Nei Gorkale anya ‘Then why you (ead) newspapers? 35: This ci a) = vey sng me, You (ik it al nh (ht msn (ot ent). Te nays (ak) nie ke 16: The ve (noe) horsiby, Ica’ se across the room, T expect) that birds (bil) 4 nest in the ehtmney. ‘hey always (do) that [Why you (nt put) wire azos the tps of your chimneys? id concliees ut the bate unl (eanaw) ie 8 ‘The Simple Present and the Present Continuous ° wont Pt the verbs in brackets nto the simple present or present 1. What Tor (hin) of the ge Teta) moe’ ont gre) ih 22 What this one on)? Te (co) forty pense,ao. PRESENT fe PAST TENSES + Noes) the wind?” Te (Glow) very strongly tonight 4 Nantes my hat anywhere? "No 1 ood fort but oo et 1H never (tes) twat you ay: He alaye (Bia) about Something ee. 6 This boos aout man’ who (ese) his fei end (0) ‘to live on a Pacific island. ae ean 1. Yo ent) wh snes {Got sneyand) hm ea 4. What fou (ee) fares sey Towa (a) caro nd (Ein) «a of eld wate. 6 When the curtain (ce) (ne) Ferdinand and Mi iting ins eave They (ly) ches so, Why yoo al) a fa tole? You wy Yate tity 1 Gy eae T pet) my mater ook da iste kof wang. 1. “ay ha dog wd i ow, He esp jumping wp on ing? nda 1 he vt gf Wal 1 You Gcopai ne Titular enn bie it foe reine sa, My moter hopes tht Juck(oot coms the pay brea e aye (eons Core Oey "4 Ths tclegram as jt av an he by (ai ince you (want) to send a reply. ae hi 1s: poplar he Gant edt Sane (wx) my a Ieee of he bull °6, She ava oy) fom me and nove emenbe 7e7 x1. You ocd another bso yo el waa caogh? 1c) tine if yo el) the pth throgh thc wad x ot a vrata. x pneseny & rast TeNeRs 19, T (eave) up beeawse I (go) abroad in July: 20, Ii) pity you don tere xi You ge 2 the line ay 0 lok ar pt (ake) o Fate, 22, Tom nce (40) any wot in he garden; he rye vor) om eres) any w e ws (work) sy, What he (4) ihr (in) Gi) 24, Tha fl et th el a eck: You (rar 25. Hl Petes (ge) on nso? , Wey we HE sce) te ei 3. 2 SEG 25. Why Ma Bi ot) 0 angy? Me” Pa ne} 2 Spb arg) the’ ah the cape 21. Thin or inrry. We( lene) home on the eh (i Tecate Gin haya igh fo Voice, “i end) hn Cll eal abou i ben you) bak : : 25. Thing in tout hy wh (ok) eae with sane wc be a ni ado Then he es) Cn Ha ns fire el eee) oa) 1 (Gnd) ane who (gi) i hand oi 79 Sod in escoandy Ea, ao beg iby ow av grown bowcoattr ani coiace al ee oe oy 40. The sak sory about in?) Totknon). Ph sy fen) ee at 1% How you (al eer hat (gin De 87 Papi Youn tly Bien eto isang 3 What he word ‘athe! (nes)? Te (mean) ‘disaster’ cradle oe exit 3xo. enssnny & past Tests Wat yo (ma for? 3 Tena the op to open, Birt (oot open) lig flown) at (ato be enya hi le (eae fy 24: Why yo ee, Mi. i out ot) re 1 ne) beau (ant) the th ign th iad with Giitehore bsp ate Ea wood, 35. Who own) thi brea? ot ewe but onoty ow) who 26. You mind iT (ak) youn gueton? ‘hae (Gepend) one guest. Te (cones) your brother 1 (Sh) nsw any Geto bout ny bob. 9 The Simple Past Tense © sto ¥72-6, 2965 and es 172,175, 298 ‘Putte verbs in the following sentences ito the simple pst ene, go to work everyday meet her on Tuesdays. Fe always wears black, mae the cakes She gets up at 630. He understands me ‘They have lunch st 10, 3. She epeaks slowly. 5. He leaves the house a 9.0. read chaper every sight 41, You est too much, 12, Heoften fle 13, Tom sings very well: ao. 1 PRESENT & Patt TENSES 14. He eres when he is but. 15. Who knows the anawer? 16. He takes the dog vt ioe day. 1. The curtain rises at 8. 38, Temoke roo cigarette ¢ week 49, We eat them raw. 20. dream everynight 20. Bids lay eggs in, 22, He often fess il. 233, Tknow what he wants, 24. Lusully pay him sop. 25. His dg alaye bites me 36. [change my library book every week. 37, Teeosts 0p. 38, He signs the cheques 239, Llie down after func, ye. We drink waiter 31. His oses grow well 32, That him, 33: Leee him everyday 34: These dogs always fight 35. I sometimes ty to separate them. 36. He slgpa badly. 10 The Simple Past Tense © ted: 172-6, 196; ad 172, 73,198 Pus the verb in the following sxtence int (2) the negative and (B) the interrogative. u e me 1. Laaw your bother. 2 Werheard a tebe noite. 4: lesley til 10 35Poko. x Pnuseys & pase vensEs | 4 He looked the picts ; . Pho. x PRESENTE NAT TENEHS $ Teyana ne ny & Went out fo Rouge xiev nse i * 17. She thought about e : Ti set at piney caste cee The Past, Continuous, 85.103) 0 sai Reed aa eis ‘ ie © ats ind ois ‘His nove bled for ages. at dos ‘Put the verbs it. beck int ak ast co v0 12, My mother chose thi bt, 1, Lent you 2p. 3 1 Detective lin afraid mut ak s0u: bo wht, yu (a) i reed aioe pn 1 Shoko on th oo 1s EE wy 1 Tore worked very ar. : : Hee ens i iebntetne ain eondor eelm eet NE he tte tical Eesti Hl 4 danagin ena 1. His wife came at 8, not n : pedo (rinh tte sei 18, He lost his wallet. “ = e oe eee sipiaa cap 4h pang foe a raed 22. We few to New York ' thing ale ee rteinns en Br Aun drew amp. x py nn who ina), 2. The duck ida gg ‘ {60 Thehonie wana go onder besa sone) es 35. Mrs it fl dowosta. . mel at 1, The dirt didnt allow the sess fo tne by ae whe 2 She ln her way : 1, tikes. Be Si er te 25, He fnbade er oles oes sen vont 3. the ar was spy then (mp2 28. Temi th andy. zo ‘ Sa re (th ed teen a br. Jock ap the mone. ederes ubtcttonr xi tn wetne toe 38. He rode slow 1 Ait gat stn he Soom ate meee Me: Jone Seer : Front inthe Ali and dns Joes inp) roa teaesnct tot ‘ rn, Hole wa tle fw hip (al ha by Inspects alg tight fo Men uo ese Sen ieee re saree 9 Rory Lost eh) 0. 5 Damn meta dot whe 1s, My ef sd (al our you the other day = 35. The hoy an 2 Whol mer hi Be eu) piigs D6 10 op be Mr iteiook tebe, gc cus HPibtewiowlipnal and thewend offing: Obi 35. He forgave her oe is iis Fors oe) Res Neeson 36. Mrs, Pitt translated it, a ‘r6Tom ate néthing for lusiel béaruebdbe (diet) “Hoe said that he (ta) tole 7 Kies a 26 =u 18. a 2 3 a5. 26. = 28 28. . x e us * Fa zo. PRESENT & PAST TENSES ‘Who you (lk to onthe telephone aX eam in? T(taik) toe Pee As she (climb) the ladder it slipped sideways and she fell of When I at et hh (wok in sesnuat eatced th elven fora women's Some of ther (ste) nth sc, otet(Lok) for shel oer (payin the san. ‘ree lie) hen you sa hit? She eid that she cold’ come to fhe door becuse she at) be a oom the sounds war clear that Mary (rote) the piano. ‘here hed been an accident and men (ar) the injured People an anaes "Te (Gh) ot et aera paloma (9) 0 Wh ey Gh) about? Nobody et oo “Tom (at) ia corner th a book, I tld hic hat be (ead) in ver bad phe ‘oer it the pre to see what the bop) Jame Td Alcander ea) he pase noe emestoee) ‘They tad ten ofthe wel of the car and (end) the puncte. T sted when woud be ey ‘Wen T ened at the meting the fae epsker bad just finished speaking and the udlence (clap). * The tafe (nak) 0 sch nob at T coulda eae what he (say). “iil eQeare drive he had trey acident, ‘While he epi) hit oot he had bad a He va ie mad Helge 0 poeta teeth “While we (st someone came tothe hous and lef thine "The eam had je begun and the candidates (oie) thls ‘ae ate fp of ts papers a Senne shook the ale as (wt), Thats why Tae tat eo 2 so. x ennennt & PAST TENEES 12 ‘The Simple Past and the Past Continuous o ited 172-95 aid od: 2-8 us the verbs in brackets into the simple past ofthe past eon 1. Tithe Se a 6.0 and it bar) brightly when Tom came in a7. 12. When, T arrived the leeure bad steady stared and the protease (ont) the Bleu 4. Take) a cake when the ight went out Thad to fish iin he dak ‘4 dia'e want to meet Paul so when he entered the room I (eave). ‘5, Unforsnately when Tarived Ann justleve), to we only had {ume fra few werd 6, He (ave) «bath when the phone rang. Very unwiigly he (ge) one ofthe bath and go) to answer i 1. Herwas very polite Whenever his wife entered the room he {eand) up. The adil (pls) bows, when he resived news of the Tnvasion, He Gs) on Gahing the game. 4. My dog (walk) long quiely when Me. Pits Pekinese eseled hin zo, When T arrived she (have) dinner. She apologized for arin without me Su tad tat de alae (in) at Bos (wen) a bowler bat and (erry) an 12, Have you red his at book? Yeo ave ‘What you thin) of #2 T (ike) very meh sj, (ear) at with him when we were students. He always {Complain about ay uatidines. 14. He suddenly (celine) that he travel) in the wrong dzetion, 20rno.r ohssnnr & rast TENORS 15, He (pay) the gts ouside her hose when someone opened 5 FG ado in Grow) ont bck of ace 16, jor he ter we the wind (Sw on fy ‘an 7 Tha bul (ops) the ate hehe (hee) fottos, He Melayu) out i rch and (st) der the bed, 18, When I (lot for my passport Fn) this ld photeraph 19, You looked very buay when Taw you lat night, What you on 420. ‘The boys (play) cards wheri they (hear) their’ father’s ster "fey ilecly (i) ther td (a) oot te leat Books. 2, ele) hn eon when ena) of i AD 24, He (ot alow ut gout in the boa etry rong ‘wind (bt 2 AT (Gon) the fod or) om bane tn an at) 24. Lal is) on he rod whe (e's fon poco. 25 LEGGY te) ne vl on) ery oe 4 Bow ymueas ocr ast (ean no lamp: postysterdey El a gy oe ee ti wer eater ical vga salar or on on te oie yt (get) up. ae eos pgp ave carer cy A rate cts ee 2 Wn a aa = Beate ae aad (er tans oad aoe lepers acre a a * ! a, FOPRESENT KE PAST TENSES ‘The nest. day a ths hat the police (oo) for then 3 EE id the cnn wd ab (go in eet sdroctons. Shes ery erga Sheahan) eel nw Sh mt voy exe 35 Higher st lt that be (pnd) 60 mah moe 36: Tle over she wal ane) Mei, He li age ‘sd (be) tog bun to speak tome ws A Bs cnet x0 Fhe Shap Pay and he Pat Conta o eds yp anda ye [Put tive in hrachets in the simple pat oF the past cone 00M, Spee (Sip in ssi ‘ha peeks sory oerageeie Tage tone eh go tough el wr Py Bhs cae pg mt ne err en emit bey ‘ = (Go nme i ce ‘Seth 4 Mr. Smith {carey apa. umbrella as a in) aight, He fsethrow) the umbre tothe ground aod fran) avy ft he could. 6, ‘The bull (top) and (Bein) fo attack'the umbels, White he el) and ei) ‘When’ he (make ai (6h wind She ek) at ~ 2 tone ae oraten ee eles sath é *pe 15, 4 15. 6. m 19. X20, Wy Yo erp) et now) eyes loeton ye fg oO" 816 eng ‘The murderer (Gn) the care down the stiies when he cleat ¢ knoe onthe door. When T (kf teogh your books I (ote) that you have a aaa ee ee garetts Case where he (wor) He (ett) bive overalls and black hoes. phe} (travel) at 40 kp. (begin) oe @ o) her pe - (ey) to find Wie ian pe weylgaiin bea soem user fecccan TE EES i ie bs ce ve us ie se dg at Na sm et fhe (Mise) her umbrella and (eti}Peomething bot T SCR ira ca ett » 0.1 PRESENT & FAST TENSES 2 Tit you gary fa he bn Wy ou oe) a ek (be) 2 ack Deca Thad hurt my leg hat moe ‘ff hore. ae 122, The fcor was covered with balls of wool. Obviously Mrs. Pitt soa Serie ate sash cates ter trie Seen ee gg erent ac a ere eee se st in a7. When 1 ea) ‘her she {hurry) slong the road to the ne elon oe ane er Srl nea eee ion SLES Se ea eet a ae me ee a es oats er ey Sete atk area ee ae > ABE Hs enayeinasnty Sa eos ese ee cnats ic) wee ea aa 1 ep eal ee ce eee eee ha Pc ee ote cone ealamate Wes TONS SSSs ‘a i a orn he og a: Therese ny be bene he ver) on rk ee ees” s eeeeces 4 sTay)y Teme? but she Ok Hea) be Decne the dog | ‘Ye, Ive) plenty, thank yoo. (2h asin, any be era sh eat |* 16 Chega) tne Feu Be nn ‘Phone) the police, — + ape e ‘17. How many bottles the milkman (leave)? He (leave) six. 2 peyton po 0 How go now) Me Pitkin fren ee 12. Wold yu he som ae? ust ont we ut 4a, Mary (water) the tomatoes? Yes, T think she. The Present Parfet Tene Sieietmio eich esc ; 3 Wy goo (om mend) tant Tet) Oo eames, mtinesedtery Ramen are, Meets She ha te i he a per sty TERS RE peat Zou (rt tp? Yen, Tn 46: Tat) in ode srr ines See aes Yelm ms Seaia f Youu) him sy? Na toowtumyeaml ‘Have you seen him lately?" No, I haven't, 29. I (buy) a new carpet. Come and look at it. 1. Where you (be)? Ibe) tothe dentist, 40. He (post) the letter? i ieee b Thepou ons Yay 3 Tse et) im bE er oe [oe ie Bp Yuere(ewenie? Not § Smeme win) heed? Yo, Tn nn 3. We) te mst exon bom i igneiapepioren 3 Te pus (eure ple ced yea 2. Hepat) a 36. Tt te tee ye 8. Someone (take) my bicycle, 9; The phone (stop) ringing, . 18. YouQie) ow berindy? NoToveae 1. Lj (oa) at howe 12, The eat cel) che fh. 13, You (espn) the exercise? Yea,T * asGx PRESENT & PAST TENSES 15 The Present Perfect and the Simple Past © at des 172-6, 1, 845 and ed 172-4, 179-84 Pt the verbs in brackets into the present perfect of the simple past tengo and fil he spaces ie question. ae ‘eg, Have you sen that play? Answers: 1 Have you wound the clock? 1 Haveyou ever eaten snails? 5 as she fod the dog? 4 Have they repre the bv hey re 45. Havethey done their bome- ‘work? 6, live you found the rsiches? 1 Have you made the cafee? 6 ‘epesting he sey ured in ¥e t or: Noy oe vel Tpit eh, ae sight. (2) Ye, 1 fi} Ye 1(windtonMonday. @ Not.. (6) Yes L(G) some ot Tom's ary wk, Ye, Think she eee Notes. x 8 Mey ty epi) eae (e) Yea, they (do) ea, ©) Yes, they (bo) i before hey let school ger BBS Tk tem Fedo ON Cae vpao.x bxasent & PAsr TENSES aggre Bia 21 G6) hee seve lave you sea him lately? (@) No, I reel : oti oe) hie ince | Geum, UE toveyouteentoste (Yeu, | meee celY Bet igo, Wor at “Pate Sn Fis. | 2% Have you ever hiven thie (0) Yes, T (dv) if = ( Yen, V(t) it when you ere tay. sa, Has hems his tin? (@) NOH wees Hehe nientis Behe te(go Sve aE amptoumems” glee. mmocesgim BESTE ge oo iemuaee? geen. a! 4g. Have you spent all your (a) No, T only (spend) half of sot @ veut 46, Hl rch have you sved_(@) H(t sr) saying. 6 Honea Bites vy Ho iv tempers gone (@) Novi a Hag pesos wore) Ye (a) downtat niht seca hin gen? () Nov (ote) ic "8 Heare smn? No ew nday . alana) te paren. ee ere. ao Hayeyou cer fom a (NO. D ae plane bore? 8) Yes, 1G) daring the was, ”pmo 0G i Oey on or 28 Have you plated your (a) Yeu T (lan) them on al “hen Noten yt 23 Hane msi tothe fe) Yo, pret 8) FEB ot a one 44 Uwe you eer drink (@) Noid aT 5) Tt ce ya Oe Doel ia” 16, ‘The Present Perfect and the Simple Past tak 1h ong nd png 19-84 thew n ad ia prant pret oe vn ‘Past tense. (In some sentences the present perfect coutaaous Ee 1 This is my house. —_ How long you (live) fiere? Tite) fgg wnce ago. 7” AEH Ce) fi ; ‘He'tiv) tn London fortwo years and then (oto Edinburgh. Yon wea your ang ves you ge hee Yea my mother (asi) oniee = 4 But when I (leave) school I (Git) my hair and (wear) it short 5 Seon (a uote yo. 6. ay re wie pla fl i ha nd ‘Aragedy. ee 7 Uns Lah Ne a wen eee 8.1 (ate) hr dhe yea nope wee ei =i r \ ao. pansent & Pasr TENSES 19. He (not smoke) for two wecks, He i ring give it up. 10, Chop (compose) some of his music in Majorca, x1, When he are)? He (arive) at 20, \ 12, You (lock) the door before you lef the Bouse? 5.1) hi book when Tasha (thn very nig. Tea’ go out because F(a nih) my wor 15, [never (drink) whisky. Wel have some now. 6, Lite) the eter but I ean find = stamp. "Fp. The clock is low. om, (00). 1K, Here are your shoes; I just (clean) them. 19, T(lesve) home a 8.0 snd (et) here at 2. 20, I (€o) this sort of work whea Tb) in dhe army. at, He just (go) ont. 1-22, He (go) out ton minutes ago, 23. You (have) breakfast yet? 2.34. L(oncet) hi it Jone. 5. You (te) the moon lastnight? 226. The concert (bepia) at 2.40 and ( fone enjoy) se very much, a7. The play jot (begin). You are litle ae 28. The newspaper (come)? Yes, Annis reading it. 12g, The actors (esos) yeterday and start) rehearsals ealy thio ‘morning. 430. Te (be) very ead this yea T wonder when i a going to get ‘3H- Cervantes (write) Don Quixote 32, We (mika) the bus. Now we! ‘3h He (break) his login aking acident lar yar 34 Me. Pound isthe bank manager. He (be) here for five year. 2 isn Yes, L(have) ta 8. 1) Sor two hours, Bre have to wallPG. 1 PRESENT & PAST TENSES +435. Mr. Count (wok) ae cashier for twenty-five years. Thea he (retire) and (go) olive inthe county, 36 Yoo be) hee before? (Gpend) my haidays here Ist year Yor qa ageclcaney” = No, iencrer 0p) rsning . v7, The Present Perfect and the Simple Past Oy ted: 170-6, orgs and ed: 172-4 175-84 ‘ut the verb in brackets into the preset perfect or simple past tenae Fl the spac by repeating te ‘athe pre eading ver. a (6g. You (ec) Mary on Monday? Yat... Did you see Mary-on Monday? “Yen id Feerisgpm 2 (ot se) today, but he (ll) Mary that he'd be infor 210 iin ad Se, het yit, (pay) fre ‘Where this knife? > [init paren Merges Gee? 100 te Fx) ces end Bene norte, Nesashint sca Spel malaga ake, 5. Dom tay wh flr ee hon? Eee kena en catonet oars? cn cee as : 0), ° r 6 . a 1s 6. segity pees Hage genet eee et Senna er i Te (begin) in 1914 and (last) foe four years, t eestor ee Meeps Sree er eee iG “You (lke) your last job? TG ete the’ X(qure with yep snd Hoo long you (be) there? . (be) there for to eek n {gatknon) tn yn) Ma Bt How og yo (nw) 1 (no) bec fo ten yar, ‘That Mr Mina, wh echo me mathe, bat heat fev) tnwiotehinemuch Lou (bointunenafor awe $e (Ge) chon ewes he? Wha you hin) of ie? vt in) ht you re You) ae ag? JET olhee wo mont You (Otte Canetal? Yes Fo) ters ae Senay You eve (9) ie up amok? SF eye bu hen ln) hat Twa geting at Tourer You x) tay’ pape? Se Gpae hag appen)? “Yeo, sveal nati (escape) from our local asylum Mar (ed he et? Yards ed ta ere tach Whats (rd hint hele im some fs «ow lg Joe aon ur hen sds? oe! he fa Bt ee? Pare eo er) yor at ect Aer Ste Sa PR hoe ce te Go) hr se. Te pd hot? eer ee Wout pose 22. Wher ue)? Tite) oo i yk Fone AP Heh yh We ak) partnase No, We (come in at, 2 Hoy gt orb moment he (be) theese monte Lots of people (wi) to the Towa Geet ting arte hbase TS 22, just (be) tothe Slim War and Peace, You (ee) it? foL.-.. Tet ike the book? T et ea the book {read when I (bs) st school When Tolsoy (wate) #2 He (write ta 1858, He waite) anything cle? 2. Hana bing) elephants scrosthe i ch ae Fe (want oe them in bate. 24. Where you ie)? (be) the deni He ai) one ur tad ca he, Felon) a, ke 235, She (a) tht she'd phone me ‘ao and she (not pon) et. 2 morning, but itis now m, 28 29. ». 0 . xs u 35 496, Simeone (i eet ying nt tp hi got’ SGeaiy bil I aot pie) you te money for that st cry yore butt mall pend ton neti ea How lng yo) ot of werk? Ee on Th em ene by ound) hej Fee eae eat inthe ppt You Guy mening ny socks? Lae eee semttgve ye FESTUS me bck he ui and (gh) yn i. Pie fr S'S (ot be) wrth endig 02) pete tee et) yd ater dy, Have yous bandage? Hegasedoe How iagoes Fee ee plod al oe ara) ow jou (ge he? Tiged wie tar acedent a year ago Ye (ee) tere ear yea? Fee athe eae tgeicr aera, Helis oboe ot and ste ten ef) oof wock igen hee Tes eee i. i Mister ppl king a? “utes wo apres? prance Fea se Ga ao ay. Tone) you twice peserdy sed (gs) 9 sore. Cty hen ental ge et) ay veo, err tp fea borg oy that there ane Gor Uk the ctoplane Since tet the xe sae ce i ty fe) eT SS dg deed “Pao, t PRESENT & Past TaNEES 18 The Present Perfect Continuous Tense oO, tt: 185,185; 2d oh 185 ‘atthe verbs in brackets nto the preset perfect continuous tease 7% Tak) cakes, Thats why my Band are all covered wth 7% Hes phone og) for gn minutes. T wonder why abe doen't 2 3 He (overwork). That is why he looks pale, JA There est in oor hae Enot pach Hea do 15: Hae you sea my beg anywhre? Tk) for for 78. What you (do)? T (work) in the laboratory. am 7-H (ey) Grek fortwo yea ad des cven know te alpha yee + & How log you (afore? (wait) about Half an ~9. I(r) fortwo je nom. The be Bod oon st ile atte eae ie eA ae a Sigh sseeetae 7 neat Dont yoke thal fer toa palo 15. T'm sorry for keeping you waiting. I (feed) the hens, Tez tat mapas Tae 2 hee pean ace anc ueac esse 2 Ripetian ria anal 20, I(¢hop) al ay and I'm completely exhansted. “ 0.x PRRSENT & PAST TENSES at, We (live) here since 1942 22, Tim on adit I (at) aoting but bananas for the lat oath. 25. The children (look) forward to this holiday for months. ‘a4. That pie les) for agen. We most et i meade. 35, To (i inthe gue all aero. Why you nt eb) 26. T (ak) you to mend that window for six weeks, When are ou going to dot? 137. Someone (oe) ny fountainepen ‘The sib a al bent. 38. Hw long you (ve)? (Give) for ten year 25, The tal (go) on fora Tong time, I wonder what the verdict ww bes 430. (anon) for three days now. ‘The soeds wil be blocked i it oct sop e000 3% Mary (on)? To, te (ote), the (pee) onion. 42: The car (make) avery cious noise ever since iran out ofc He walked very woateadily up the sta and ‘hin wie id, oailen (wean tome .4¢ Your fingers are very brown, You (smoke) too much 35. You unaly Know when someone (at) gat. ‘ 46. Byer sine he cae to us that man (ry) 0 make trouble 10) ‘The Present Perfect and the Present Perfect Continuous 0 168 5 in brackets nt the present pyfect or the present pute Sonus tse (in we cs eke cul be wed) 1 We alt) ten kilometres, 2. We (wall) for thre hours. 4: You (onl) too fs. Tha’ why you are ied, 45Pao. r agsenT & pact TaNsxs «| T(daen socks all he morning 5: How many pare you (darn)? 1( 6 ‘That boy (et) seven ice-creaas, ‘7. He (not stop) cating since he arived, 8, The deiver (drink). T chink someone ele ought to drive 9. T (pull) up 200 dandelions, 10. T(pull up dandelions all day. 11, Whit you (do)? We (pick) apples. 42, How many you (pik)? We (pick) ten baskets. 15: H (deep) on every bed in tis house and T dont He any of 2) se, 14 He dee) snc ten clock time he woke wp. 15. He ide); thats why he wearing spore 16.1 (ide) al he hove inthis sable 17, Whata lovely mel Mary (mak) jam. 18, The stant (or) very wall this term, 19, Tony (her) from ht ie sne he ent ay. 2: (heat) rom her regs. She ina wry god eorrespodeit 2 (pu) oa onthe fire. Tha why my hans areal Dac 28 (plh) thi abe all the morning and Mn Pi ee 23. 1 (work) for him for ten years and he never once (say) ‘Good ‘morning’ to me. ep 24. He (cach) in this col for ive year 25 T (ach) hupdeede of stadents But T never (mee) such « (ela at a eee 26. Why yu (be) ao long in the guage? ‘The ges were tf (pump) them up 2. L(pum) up thie tyre, Would you like to doe fourth? 25, Tok) for mustiroome but (ot fd) ey. 25. He (cough) alot ately, He ough to giv up smoking. 40. You ier) the news? Tor and Ann re engage! ‘That's not new, I (know) it for ages! ae 6 \ rao. x PRECHNT & PAE TENSES 31 Tey) to finish thi Iter fr the lst half-hour Tish you'd ray of top talking, ied Gey) anything 32 The dever of that ar (blow) his hora forthe atten nite. "55 Ie (rin) for two hours andthe ground is too wet to pay on, ‘othe match (be) postponed. 4 He (hope) for ise in slay forse months but he (aot dae) to ak fore 43. Me, Smith, you (whigper tothe student on your right for the Tare ve mien, You (lp) hin with i xara paper oe he (lp) you? —_ 436. Why you (make) such a horrible noise T(t) my key and T(t) t0 wake my wife by throwing Sones at herwindow ‘You throw) stones atthe wrong window. You live next dor. 20 For and Since . ° i 85,383 Fil the space inthe folowing sentences by ung for or since 1. Weve bee ing ono Bourn 2 De been working fn afer <-- mouth 5 Theyre ben Ing in France >> 3948 4 Hens ben ia pron sa yeu {ve known that =. log tie. & That man has been nding there 1 Ske hat worn the sue haf == 140: © cThings hve changed -PT wan 8 $9. The ee has been boing». = quarter ofan hour, roy The witless has beet mo 7 2m 1 That tk has ben athe hl Year za. He ha ben very «+. the lst month " six flock,/exace ennsnnr & pate reves He see eet maf EXERCISES 2 npc Se ice FUTURE AND CONDITIONAL nee latand et Tanens 2 ism ertay oor | LAGOS ge eee | 2 enw et 3 hoeinini rae 2 Niche Slee Sania Eioanee oe \ 3 Bieitiotie lage. ura 2 Teeter aca ieee SAINT fetee oc Arcee op Helen le he SRS in S Retieree ther) enna Smet reece 3p tinea akan 36. Nobody has come toate us swe bought these bood- | we | ‘ i \ a1 The Present Continuous Tense © be 195, 166-93 ad a 95, 16-30 Pot the verbs in brackets into the present continuous tens 1 They ae going to dig for i xe. They start) on Monday. 2. My uncle make)» speech on Fin. 4+ Lae) my ster othe alt tomorow, 4 She (el) for mea § He (ply a Winbledon next sumies 6 Tate hee atthe sein a ten. 7. The eae (ar) on Monday. 8 How you (et tothe party tomorow? 1g) by ce ME is 4 The pn ter (come) thi seca: 16 You give) up anything for Lent? ‘Yes, gic) op cg, va doth ne * Nese ei wid ie Ce ae 1 Gop ee pe waits oan ay 2 a 1 Resco ny i acre 7 i 22.1 (end) ty ca fori tidy, 35, The ker (tr) werk nee we 2 Sinope) aw rch et in Juby 2 Ww bogus a he ae) ey en 2. Iai) ap odo ner winter 2 hoy ge na oot ek BE You sping te? Yon igo my apy cme 2», Ths Pe Minka) Asa one, Beas) ear jen Faye "The Gucn (gv agien pty net eck. Yon 6)? My rte lee on Teeny. nee) om oui ‘hep 55: seh he 630 plane moro. Wit yeti ct Toe) ie aedne 4: Herter Ged) hero Fane net ye 3¢. Loe the ent moro Ms a) my an. 34.1) yd ny Aeron coun er 2 The-Going to Form © irs ut the verbs in bracket into the going to frm, 4. You (mis) your tain, 2. The preasue cooker (explode) 5 Whin the gardener (eat) the grass? 4 She ye) her hair back. We make) thio whisky Bote ito lamp. {6 What you 40) with this oom? (aia) the walls in Bec and white stripes,1 & 1m 2. oa 35 36. a 9. 30 BE 3. 33 at 35. 36 PRo.2 FUTURE & CONDITIONAL TENSES ‘The umpire (bow) his whine, You (st) all that? ‘That man with the tomato in his hand (throw) it at the peak. ‘That dooe (am), The bull aac) ws, Te (ai). Look at those cloud, ‘The cat (ave) Kites ‘Themen inthe helicopter (ty) t rescue the man nthe wate ‘Tht vider (al) of. Thee swans (ct) ll our sandwiches, ‘The Lord Mayors standing up. He (make) a epeech. 3: He (grow) a beard when he leaves schoo. ‘This aeroplane (cash. 1 (otop here for a moment to get some petro. ‘You (sk) hi to help you? Pre lent you my car nee. I (not do) tain. ave seen the ply. Now I (ead) the book. ‘My son (be) fogman whea he grows up. 1 aot sleep) inthis room. Tee haunted. We (buy) a Pekinese YYou (reserve) a seat? 1 (plant) an oak tee ere ‘The dog (bury) the bone, T(bave) a bath. 1 eraugge) this out ofthe country. “There was no blossom this spring. Apples (be) saree. 1 don’t like this macaroni I (oot fit) (oot stay) here another nite ‘They (2) him for manslaughter when he comes ost of We (make) lot of money out of this, s ao. 2 FUTURE & CONDITIONAL TENSES 3 The Present Continuous and the Going to Form ° 4 : 195, 197-8 Planned fut actions can be exprested by the present continsous tense with a tine expresion of by the going to form with Withoue a de exprerion, "The present contnwoue ie mais Ted for very definite arrangements in the nest future. The Boing to fom can be wed ore widely. ‘Une the present continuous where possible ia the following sentences ald pu he reminng verb to the lng to forme 1. T (play) bridge tonight with Tom and Ann 2 He (ave) an operation next week. 5: Tes very cold. Tigh a i. {fe (ave) some fends to linc tomorrow re bought a pianos i (be) delivered this altemoon, ‘Where you (ut) Tipus fein the ding oom, “You (ge) tothe auction tomo? ‘Yeu, Figo} bur I foot buy) anything Ye reminded you once; (nt do) i gsi. (have) my haircut this afternoon, 5. My nepew (come) stay with me next weekend ‘Where you (put) him? 1 (put) hii the oom inthe tower. 0. Ourclae (tart) Grek next tem. 11. I(spend) afew days in London next week. 12, The Town Ciuncil (build) a new school hee 1x3, What you (ll) the police? Ite) them the truth, 14, He (tar) tomorrow. 15, The Queen (open) Parliament next month. 3316 The Pn Met ii ih "Ths ine) sors ee SE cee prt ot ieeyeacers se) yaw eh eon 2 tat) tet ae i ee 2 Ton) ns tl eh hy 2 Set eet ncn mh 3 iejpyp smn oboe Boe oy 24 Shes anit ne a Sie deer 2 Beteag omc 2 Teton yo sf ston 2 ie prc gh) pr onthe) me * KerVieeteriesrssiaay nie Bonet 430. They (launch) a ship this afternoon. You (come) to see it? Wagon) ne none 5 Tea) oop tan et Nowy apres ® TESTA NERP AL ca re 24 1p ice ge oo : Mcp pup ay Sabot ce a a glo a eo $6 Uc) yee my om po Py Po. 2 FUTURE & CONDITIONAL TES 4 The Future Tense © 19}-20 ut the vere in brackets nto the fate tense, 1. Iflnow) the result ina week. 2. You (be) ia Rome tonight, ‘You (hve) time to help me tomorrow? e(matter if T don't come home tl moening? ‘You (be) able drive ater another Bve lecons, Do you think chat he (recognize) me? ‘Unless he runs he (not catch) the tn He nd) it o you if you a him. 9, Thope I (nd) i 10, If these men goon strike we (not have) any peel, 11. He (oeliege) whatever you tl hie, 12, I (remember) this day all my life. - Perhaps he(asve) in time for lunch Fhe works wel I (pay) him Tvonder hot many of s (survive) the next war [Ifyou think t.over you (ee) tht Tam eight [Ifyou lear another language you (get) better job, Tam sure that you (ike) our sew house. [Newspaper announcement: The Presiden (rie) along the High Stet in an open carriage 25, He (mind) fT bing my dog? 21. You (need) avian if you ar going to Spain. 22, Ifyou open that trapdoor you (see) some steps, 25, You (el) betpr when you've had a me. 24, He (be) offended if you don't invite him. 25, She have) £100 year when she is twenty-one 8"6. ar = 3 3n 33 35. © vno.2 FUTURE & CONDITIONAL FENEEE 1F you put any more polish o that oor someone (ip) on. T wonder if he (zee!) Papers (ont be) delivered onthe Bask Holiday. {hope he rermembe) wo buy win [i you lene the pram onthe path de portman fl) oer it [i eft over and har ime! be (8) you. “Announcement: Ma Bt (present) the prs you wane twenty cities you (or) fo give me more Zone [Notees The managment (te) responsible for atlen eft on the oeats. : : 1 drop thi (plod. ‘Whee our father (ny) when he hens about hi acient? Heo ay) moc be (ot end ne te ear apa. 5 ‘The Prevent Continuous and the Future Tense 195, 200 Pt the verbs in brackets into the present continonus or the Fite en ng the rset conaoun whee pei (he going to fore could be oned here insted ofthe present continuo, but forthe sake of simplicity students are advised (0 {ee only the bo tenses fist mendied, 2 + 5 & 7 © ° 1 azn sue that T(resogniz) him. (ace) her tomorrow. He (ply) ina tennis match on Priday She (come) back on Monday. go) again ext year, We (now) tonight. ‘You pay and I (ws) you the money. (belive t when Tse it (ave) my car repainted neat week. 6 ts ™ as, 6 m * is 3 3 26. 2 2. ° 3 3 * 35 36 ‘raso.2 FUTURE & CONDITIONAL TANSHS 1 hope that you (have) a good time tomorrow. is specch (be) broadcast tonight “The weep (come) eight tomorow. “Tom (catch) the 7.49 tain. Where you (meet) them? 1 (ees) then at midnight in the middle of the wood. What hore you (de) tomoerow? Look! I've broken the expat. What Mis Pit (6)? She (not mind); he never Hed that one. ve lf the light on. Te mater)? He (oot forget) to come, He (leave) in afew days. 1 (emembe) i. I you deop that bot i (break). never (forgive) him. [Fm eure tht you (lite) him ‘They (ay) the foundations next week ‘You (et) signpost athe end ofthe road He bas ut my hair 0 short. Don't worry: i (grow) again very quickly ‘You (understand) when you are older. ‘The eat (eratch) you if you pall ta, 5. (be) back at 830. {he doea't work hard he (00 pas) his xa. She (go) on a erste net summer 1 (owe) toa new Sat next week Tam sorcy thatthe child saw the accident. 1 Gone tak it matters: He soon forge) all about it. 1 (mit) her il he comes back He (ot wrt) to you wales you write to him. ‘There (be) a Big mecting here tomorow. 70.2 ruTURE & CONDITIONAL TENSES 6 Will + Infinitive and the Going to Form o we0-g ture with Intention can usualy be expres by Wll.nfintive 2 the gong to form, Very often eter ofthese canbe ued Bot Ten Gimeno is ely relied te doing fos ‘ust be weed and when the iatation it elealy aopremeined ‘emt tse wil nee ae it he eb in racket non of hese to fms (some af the examples the present continuous could be ued ister of the going to form) L we 1. The fie hs gone out Solas. Te) tod get ome etic 2 Did you remember eo book cats? Ob no forgot. (eephone) for them nom, 3 Hl ha just Bee taken to Hosptel witha broken leg. {Vm sort to het that. (end) him some grapes: 4: Pve hited a typewriter and I (lien) to ype 5:1 ga yo are wing Your grein ove. You (6) 6 Lean understand this ltr, (eal) my son, He (ans) for you. 1% You (buy) bread? 1No, bectuse I (ot ea) it any more. (et) bate instead 8 A to of paint was dlvred here today. You (redenrte) your ktehen? cee ® 9 Why are you geting out the jack? Webhave a puncture and (chang) the whee, T(belp) you 10, Look what Fve jst bought at an action! What an extraordinary thing! Whe you (pt)? 12, Why are you peling that bit of gare? T pu) in de stem 8 bho.a roreRE & conorriowat rextns 1, What you (do) when you grow up? 1 en 13, Why are you taking otal our ese % Taloes) he 14 Wil ou lends you season ticket? 1No, (oot end) i you. Tes aan the ew 1s, That tee makes the house very dak “Very wel, T (et) i dome 16, I've jst eared st the focal tcc olegs. I (tnd) oltery clas next winter 17. How do T get fom beta t London Bridge? dont kn, but I (a) that obra 18, Why ar you caning «corkscrew? T(open) boste of wine , 19, Lee that you've gota later fom Chats, Wht ost he ay [don't now. (i ed) the eter now ss Ihave me. a0, My brother has ust tuned fom Amerie (OF good, we (ad hn to ur est pasty. sea at, Why have you st your alarm clock too of at fvethiey Because T Get op then. lve gota ott 24, hear tht you've decided to go oma dit. When you (tat)? Tas) on Monday 23, You look froze, Si down by he fan T (make) you ome a4, Thayve brought «rope and they (ow the cart a garage a5, Thaven' bought any cigaretes because I (gv) up stoking. 236. Thave ted to explain but she doer'tundertand Engl 1 (ey to heen Finish; pehape sl understand tat 17, Eve come out without any money Nesge mind, I lend) you some, How much do you wast? 28, Do you se that car? They (rail) i for ebay. ‘Why are you taking up that or oaed? ° Tipu) oy money Ender the foe. don tu banks 436: Child Ive ton my drs Mother: Trend) fo you, 9‘Pao. 2 FUTURE & CONDITIONAL TENEES Tm catching the 6.0 tai. Solara LT (give) you. Lieto the station. 44. Tag Bought se Hse Ene a sake) forte sewing 00m. su Why are ou sharpening the saw? (shorted) the lege of the dining room table, M+ You won't need the big basket, will you? Ok yen Twill I (buy) lt of rages 35: Te planned my future for the next ten year. ‘Thay ever on, Wha 90 (0) when 7 eave dhe ‘ives 436. Why are you putting that old laf into a paper bag? 1 (ge) ito Mes Pit fr ber hens. a Will Infinitive and the Going to Form Toten 8 prion © 108, 205, 4-5 Buh wil you and are yoo going to can nmdoen quate Sih an tions ut St 9 very ae eee Sete tie arte mon mee gad oe {SEN wl you in questons abst itso, ‘Are you Shin ut oun ed ren einen analy renee (ee ao sxe ihe vee sino of he to form. Whe tothe pole wl be noted ine ayn me samp {tere continu eae cud be ted Itead of e going tiem) Theor conten osu +. You open) the door for me, please? Ye, certainly. 2, You (Ue) the washing-up tonight? Ae RAR an eee al erron 6 0. yoruRE & CONDITIONAL PENGED 4 Vim ooking for my ete ‘You (gant someonc port? @ ion eat) sod to me wile} mend your socks? i plesnse, Wat book would you the? 5 You Gat ay se ofthis shall Tl the wae oe my Dre wet meting ye sibing bots. Yoo (ot cnt) 1 Bi point the thal atch, You (me) wih me? Tealiyievey ak Pelee 8. Your) my easy for me plc? Yen cently ou Give another cigar? Noy hank ou. (EW you bay le eget Fo a) a coemose "That poe bel again. Take theres of i nk vel ou YoU (ob naw) it? 1, You(eome) and seme afer the clas? Tanto sco your ork a you xg, Tote hat you have ordered The Tic, You rly rtd)? 1 You Quy) amps? “Ten you (by) some forme plese? 2. You lend) me your hing od? Yo, of cous. Wie you at)? 16, Yor ii hi bok osha ket back tothe bray? 17, You (give) me 10, pene’ "Fe lr pou ar You nk) leghone cal? 18, Youre) the col of barbed wien the all? Someone wil Tal oer iif you do zp, You (bt) your dog? Yea, you (hep) me? 2s You (ive), please? I dont He diving tight. RE ite eae wad You (et it? You will be il f you do. 23. You (have) some ofthis cake? T made it myself, &6,2 FoTURE & comDITIONAL TENSES ‘4: You really (cl) the fie brigade? T don't think it isa all necessary 4s. You int) the whole rom by youre? Te wil ake you ages. 26. You (be) ready in five minsten? 27, lots: You st) here, pease, beside Me Pitt? 28. You (do) something for me? ‘Ye, ofcourse, whist nit? 25, You (be) angy if he efits to help you? 5. Why ave jou brought your tpewster? You (wok) tis 431- You al meat ix? have to catch on ent ria. 3% You (walk) herein this rin? You'll get awfully wet 53. You ign) hee please? 34 What areal these notes for? You (give) a lecture? 35. Why do you want «candle? You (explore) the eaves? 436: WET catch the fsb, you (cok) them for me? 8 The Future Continuous Tente © “This tense ean be ued 1. With a point in time to indicate thatthe action will begin before this ine and continue after i. 2. With or without atime to expres a futur witht itenton 1 this way it very like the present continuous, but fis 08, Tike the’ present continuous, restricted in tine and is 2 mote detached und canal way of expressing the futre- often implies that the action will occur in the ordiairy course of events Or Eater of outoe (xcept wen Used asin 1, above, this tense can usualy be replaced by one of the other fore form, though the exact Shade of meaning may then be leet) "Put the verbs ta brackets ino the future continuous tense, rn 2. 74.6,2 FUTURE & CONDITIONAL TENEES "This ime next month I(t) on beach. When you arive T probably (pic) fruit When we reach England it prob (in) In few days time we (8h) over the Pyrenes, eal for her a eight. No, dont; se tl have) breakfast then, "(wat for you when you come out. When you next see me I (went) my new dres, My aoa wil be in the sich frm next yea, ‘Tat means that old De Adder (cach) him mathe, TI give Jack your mestag. I can do it easly beense I (see) Tim tomorzow. We gt work onthe sare train. Yu (do geometry nen tem, Tito ost for you a the parade, Do, bu (wea) uniform so you may Sn it hard to recognize We have todo night duty here. I (do) mine next week Tn hundred year! ime people a) o Mars for thi holidays 1 Use) theca this afteroon, (6c) you asi. Tee serious injry but he (walk) gsi in ix weeks. Til come a thee o'lck Good, I (expe) you ‘They ae pulling down all he old houses in his street. 1 ‘ipo they (pl) down sine in few ya tne Tike to see your new ft. Wel, come tumorcow, but i (ot lok its best, for the ‘painters stil (wor) on it Stand there, they change) the guard ina minute and you'l eta god view ‘You'd beter go back now, your mother (wonde) where you In Bey year’ time we (live) entirely on pill. ‘What do you thnk the children (do) when we get home? expect they (have) thee supper 6pao.2 rurune & CONDITIONAL TENSES a4. The garden (lok) ita baat next month, 35 Tron be can tot ofthe any. The poe (me) 26, What the tide (0) aac tomorow morning? Teo in Me oe renbered dat the basco tp on. “xt the mater ow) dw the shy tow. 28. You (oe) your cers toro or can I boro i? 2g. We've put gu tothe opin tine, The un (ie) in inte [Ki howe We (ake of) in «minus, Pe fen your say tl st. Wed beter go out toro bectoe Mary (pct) the ano al ay. a Deal ig pom he (pt) th clin ed Ring 1, Were making #Souseto howe colton forthe efiges, $5 Meco) your howe net week 4 Tha ot i i ne of ate Tey 4g: When I get home my dog (atthe dor wating for me. 56 Lets go down tothe arbour; the Shing bows al (Come in Bectse ofthe gle 9 Will | Infinitfoe and the Future Continuous ® ars Sex note for previous exercise, ‘Put the verbw in brackets nto the appropriate foture form, sing will infnitire or the fare continuous (Where steam: tive forma ae posible they wil be given inthe key) 4 There i going to be a bun ete, Bveryou (wall) to work % exo. 2 PUrURE & CONDITIONAL TENSES 2% You've jst mid the nt taal Never ming (wall) Hil ting you tomorrow a8 ac No, don rng at ix T (bth the baby then, Ring later, 4 Motter: You face is dy. (Cid A ght Gra . Wil you hare funch with me onthe 24th? 5 Palove to, but Tm aa (0) iy eam then, 6 Xo) for Me Pitt net week as hin own secretary wil be ‘ray. ‘The headmaster sid: “Seth and Brown (repr) to me at 1 Nc cock Soh and rows oksd bose) {8 Why did you take his razor? He (lok) for it everywhere 49, Thope youl do well inthe race tomertow. Tsk) of yoo. 4 Notice on bored ship: In the event of an emergency all ‘aneogers(etemble on the boat desk, 1 I dont fs wall enough to goto the station to meet him, 1 eect) hi for you, ell oe how Pil secoguze him ‘He (net) a blac and wie school cap. 1a, Tle) thse owers atthe hospital for you. I (go) there Sry to wnt my cousin, 15, You ough to try to get a tcket for the Specaton’ Gall ‘Nest weeks they (cs) capil pushes . 14. You've left the light on. (Ob, so T haves To) a turn it of 15. Te just ben appointed asta at che loa brary. hen you (work under my ster She is ead liberia there, 28 Tanto pot this eter but T don’t wast og ot in the sin, 1 (pot for you (gs) out anyway as T have fo take te og Mea walk 2 The pia Elin 0X xpos er nde (ant) 28, Today a Guy Fawkes’ Day; this evening people (lt) of fevorks a (ake) bores in ae cues") 194 Miliary order: Sentee (ertin) on duty sil they aro releed, e 6pxe.2 FUTURE & coNDITiONAL TENEEE 20, This time next Monday I (it) in a Pais café reading Le Fame. ‘You fot ea), You'l be watching the people 21, Wage have gone up s0Taopose pir (50 up) fo, 22 Tes nearly autumn bon the eve (chang) clo. 25 Motel) Mysto bin ebay 24. Cute in revsran: Wales, thi plate dict, Wate Ti sony bing eu te. 2g. Tn fw yea tine wel (ie acetal ete hoon, 236, Tes beginning to get dk; theres ight (goon) a fe 27. We(oot pla) por athe party tong; our hoses doen (ot ph) poker ath py tel 28. Let wit bere; Tower Budge (ops) fn a inate tet that afer bes ge open). ay Tue your phone to sng for a tai? (ha cv nd nod fo yom (ee) you 4 Come on deck; wont) harbour in fow minsten, 3 Before you ee the ofce you (tad) the hye ft eal to ‘Mr Bit Doyou undead voor 22 oy ey ny Os tai) te 33 Laulipester announcement The ship) ina few niten “ea peso no erveng se lcd po koe 14+ Now ta he poring regulon hare become ster ore None fhe Se ia i Pe got tn my brement and {don ow bow 35: To ao my ow bow to get 1 (bring) my dog round whenever you like He (ats) them for you. 46 Um afraid Ive jn broken your goldfish bow, [Never ming, I (pt) the golds inthe bat Pio. 2 urURE & CONDITIONAL taNss8 10 ‘Won't + Infinitive and the Future Continuous Negative ® 29 Won't infritve (exept when used ms prt ofthe ordinary furore Tire dni only tapes th the weet lw corn scion, The negative fare eobtiniou tase [rzly wats cats certain action wl st tae place. ure vere fn tracert che appropri ar fom, wing ‘yon'tinfiskive or the fre conde negative (Whe ott ‘rare forme azo slo posible ths wl be noted ia the key) 4. T don ike that man and ¥ (nt bel) ie. 42, He(ot mex) her, Benue they willbe in erent pace 3 The (oot ot) down the tres. Ho aye tht yall sight a ti ‘The gardener (nt eu) the gram for some ine bese Pe 4 Tpfeluc fhe be flim ode a 5: Tp (ot us) our party, eau wile ay 0 tat 6 Peter aye hat be (oot come) to our pasty. He does't “spprov of parce She sayy thatthe (ao end) me the bak, brense Inve ve 4 Shay that he ot eed eh 4. Mr Pics (aot sma) atthe mesting tonight, becaae he faa ‘nexpicedly had 0 goto hoopla, 111 work ander 8 ay brother. T TIL york under anyone exept my oot work) 10, Well be fa the same fim, but we (aot work) together, icatie wel bein fee Spares," sx, I (not are) that pupil in my clam. She in ff ney, 42, I (sot tac) you ner week, a have to go t Pasi 13, Heino angry with Bieter hte (ot pel) oa, oPu. vurURE & CoNDITZONAL TeNsts 24.1 give your mesuge to my sister when T write; but T (pear) or sms ine a ly as cate moth ad Posted eter to her yesterday. 35 1(got fed) your dog agai. He almaye tre to bite me when {Feome ner hin 6, They were very ride tome. T(t go) there agin, 237. He id (oot paint) you in that drs, Ie doesnot suit you? 38, T (aot tale) any photographs for sme time because my {aiera is being Hepat 45. L(at vse) that pen spun, Look aa the bot i as made, 0, That boy (oot wash hfe. He Iles being diy. 38, You cn have my umbrella tomorrow if you Hie (a we) ‘Til be too buy ogo ove Ne aot) 2, She says that he (aot send) the child to school, no matter ‘an ny. She thik far beter to dct cea 25, He says he (nt pay) for them agsin, because they ace't ‘ving hin enough money. £4. She (not sng) atthe next concert, Beet she hes had to go tn tac : 25, [(o0t play) cars with you ago. You always cheat, 26, She (at tae) par inthe bee tournament, becnose be ie away thee 27. X(t eat) anymore ofthis Ife very queer already, 38, (ao xt) cary agua for along time, because T a ging to ‘house where ho one knows how ocak eee 29, He saya that be (not ide) tat mare agin, because she's era 0. Tom (ride) in tomorow’ race, becuse he soo young, S Tiay dont low les taser siecas me 3% Absinthe in abotelyneesty to me and T (oo ie) i up, 3. Jak (no dik) since this tine next week, bene be be in hospital and they won't ge to hin thse 13: Toot ope) the window. I dite fea ae 1H Thecis something on hs mind bute ot ll me what “ Pic. FUTURE & CONDITIONAL TeNEDS 5+ The eat (oot et fb so T have to buy meat for him, £86. He (not wea) uniform when you see hi, beste he'll be on leave then ad they doa't Wear uniform wen they ate oa tare 11 Will You? and ‘Second Person Interrogative Forms ® sos-299, 224-8 Will you often introduce a requestor invitation, and sometimes A ommand, fir ofen wed ant introduce stone sou ae featons when th situation requires an unpremaditated dev eg, You can have cher, Which will you have? ‘ef You've mised the ls tein. What wil you do nom? or other types af intention, however, iis usually cfer tous one of the other fare forme: going t, the present consnuovwcr tbe fare continuous (hich nstered the moet polite form. ‘But the verb in brackets into one ofthe four formar When sore chan One anawer is poate hi wil be noted inthe key. 1. Why are you taking all tht bread with you? You (eed) the ‘ona? 2. You (et) your ft agua next summer? 4 You (igh) the fire for me, please? Here are the matchen 4 You (vex) your new bat frmorom? Balke osead that book, You (end) ito me? ‘Yeu af course. 6, Shop assistant: You (ome) thin way, plese? ‘You Gave) something more to eat? 7 Yee Gem, Take tothe cutie 8. You have) anything mare o eat? No, because T haven't any more money. 9+ You tad) exience a the university? 16. You pea) to'Tom at the meeting tomorow, do you think?% 4 Bs 16 u 8 aa ae PRO. 2 FUTURE & CONDITIONAL TANSES ‘You (ton) off the wisees, please? It ie making a horrible ‘You (take) your exam now or in December? ‘You (listen) in tothe concer: this evening? You (help) me with this, please? I ean epen it ‘im going to Bruselsnoxt week in my own plan. You (comme) wah? "Thank you yery much; Tove to if you have room for me. You lend) me our spews fo an hour? I wast 1 pe ‘You (mes) him a he station? No, we never mest hi He dest ike being met ‘You (ome) sailing with me this afternoon? 1No, thankyou, ont ke sailing. ‘You (uve) some more wine? Yes, please, T ga’ undetand thi eter, Yu (tat for me, Miso You (se) your bie this afternoon? No, ou can borrow i if ou ie. You (e) to the tbaceone's? Yes, have tog to get some cigar for my father, ‘Thin you Gene chen Csreteat on (come) to Fat with me next Wednesday? hank you very mcs Tid ve. ibe gong brondnexe week. Ithere anything Tcangetyou? ‘You (pu) though Para? ae ‘Yen apend) afew day there, ‘Tage me on ct tee that you are repaising your old henhouse. You (ke seth you ae epg (xn) Te just bought my tse, ‘You trave) by son or st? ‘A lot of slates have just bee left at your gste. You (ep) ‘your rool? ‘You (hold) my parcels, please, while T put up my umbrella? ‘You (go) to Madeza sb usual this winter? no. reruns & conprri0NAt TENSES $0. You Kindy (epi) why you did’ oy what Tod you? os (engin) hm, do yom sink? do Te chon soa for yoo "70a (end hint publ chal orto a State shel? Pesenge condor: You (el) me whet 1 ast, veal 4 You) by oa 0, wuld you give my Brother a ie? 36: You (ope) al ight agin? Beene if Think Tig 29 To 46. Pamenger to driver: You (ook) whire you ae ing? We mete 12 Shall and Will ®) 199-201, 224-8, 291-2 shen is tess nod to xen enn, bin ease = rsrem mln esa nismeated piel ameteeeroat i haanimn eames ‘Sometimes ether could be used . 1. When you are in bed I a # Maimph over es = We'won' ier tem aiump,) tear oe : oobe at worPac. ruTURE & CONDITIONAL TEWSnS 5 Youve ben god oil, nd ea we get home you 6, Your father......beae ofthis = Yl eran tell him.) 17. ssssesme go tothe cinema? Yes, let's 8. She, tel dhe same story over and ove again (Obstints Toelstence) 9, Chub rule: Members swt the mimes of he, ‘the book provided. ® 10. The word... know how unjustly we have been treated (= Wer ei the wont et) 11, Where... Tbe in six year ie, T wonder? 12, He... ++.-not come here agin. (— He refuses) 13, He... ---not come here again, (= I wort lt him come.) 14 You come to tet with me tomeerow? ‘Ths you very much, Pa love to. 1: Ame. tt ted on go bent 7 nici (DBemn merce) 7” "NH OT MS we 1 yh ine nex yee Tearing my on ng. 19, Who. runt hn ter the pt fe ees 22 Wnt. we do ith he den ar (song Do youlaiw he way? No Then -<-ow yu Whee. purit? Pili he po 2, You... beaters when you set 24, Vath g0 rnd the cute, pacing the ma nthe ret oie (xrat ro Tal Toy ln) ie nt ae eter ek 46.1. st opp’ sh ginger, 27 Wil you be god ein vie mt? We 23 Be." aying yout ee, 29: Tes sstobe eset mse pao.2 FOTURE & conDIrioNaL TeNETs 40: Tess. .not have todo ny cooking fora month. 'm going to sn'botl "You... hive everything you want, my chil’, ssid the ols woman. (=F give you everything you Want) ae 4% sos .you realy lend me your ear? T....be very eaefl of $3: ---+-ajou stand quite sil fore moment, please? 34. £2. put garlic in the stew? 35. A dog. obey is owner but a eat...» not 436. 1... bnow whether you ae tling the tath or not. 13 Time Clauses © 2s "The fate tense ib not woed in time clases, the present tense being set instead ‘Pu the verbe in bracket into the correct tense (present or iter). 1. When he return) I'l give him th ke. 2. Hell be ready a 000 38 you (6). 4: Vlstay in be sl the clock (strike) seven 4 She wl be delighted when she (hea) thi §. When the lnundry comes I (bave) some clean handkerchiefs, 8 Tahan't buy tomatoes til he price (come) down. 1p. Stay her il the lights (ean) green. 8 When i (get) cold Tl light che fire. 9. The lif (aot stop) until you press that button, ze. She'l have to Behave beter when she (go) to schoo, 11. When you look at yourself in the glase you (ee) what T mea, 12, He (be) here before you go. 1g, Tend) you miy bicycle whenever you want it. B4. 35 6 n. % 9, 35 oa 25 2, 8 2 . 3 3 3 « 3s 2. PEG. 2 FUTURE & CONDITIONAL TENSES He (wake) up when we tur the wires on He (eng) us up when be aries in England? ‘He will wash up before he (go) to be. Trwon't come to London tl the bus srke (be) ovee 1 (give) the children their dinner before (come) home: ‘They willbe astonished when they ee) how slowly he work. Trl pay you when T (get) my cheque, - T(go) on doing i unt he ells me to sop. 1Fbuy that house when I (hive) enough money. ‘You fl) rapidly though che ai il your parachute opens, Well have wo stay hee till he tide (go) out ‘When the National Anthem (bein) the audience will etand up When the fog (lit) wel be able to see hese we ts "The refrigerator (continu) to mak tht ois ill we have it repaie ‘As soon a1 the holidays begin this beach (bcoms) vt ‘roid i be! ‘The ear (oe move) tl you take the beak of, "The alarm bell (goon) singing til you pres this baton, {soon as she lear) to type Pl get hee a jab. Look before you (leap), We (have o stay on this detert stn til we ean sepa our oth y Don't count you chickens before they (be) hatched When winter (begin) the awallows will fy away to a warmer ‘county. Instructions ina pubic eeph ‘Atl the perso a the of ne box: Do not pres Baton od ewe) ™ 6.2 FUTURE & CONDITIONAL TREES 4 The Future Perfect Tense © 210 atthe vets ia bracket int the fae psec tense 2. Tn formnghts time we (take) our exam, 2. I Glinish) this book by tomorrow evening. 1. By this ime tomorrow we (have) ou injections. 4 Tn 1970 I (be) here twenty-five year, 5: Teil be here next summer but Tom (lee) 6 X(Gnish) this jb in twenty minutes 17. By next wines ey (build) four houses in vat fel, 8, When we rach Valparsio we (sil) all round the world 9, At the rate he is going he (epend) all his money by the time es twentjone 30, By this ie next year T (save) £35. 11, By the ne we gett the party everything (be) eaten 122, The tsi (lev) before we reach the statin, 13, If Teontinue with my det I (los) role by the end of the ‘month. 14, By the end of my university course T(ttend) 1200 lecture. 1g, By the end of thi weak my ines (ot) me £0. 16. By the time that he lesves schol his parents (epend) £3,000 ‘on his education, 17, By the end ofthe term I (read) all twelve volumes 18, When you come back I (nis) all the housework. 19, The police (hese) of the theft y this tine 20, We drink) all cht wine by the end of the year. 2 On the fourth of next month he (be) in prison for ten yar. 8& 35 36 PG. 2 FUTURE & CONDITIONAL TENEES When we reach Crewe we (da) half of the journey, By the end ofthe month my new maid (break al my wine ye 7 (Great) all my 1 we don't hurry the sun (cis) before we eeach the top. {Pm going to Hydo Puck to hear the people making speeches ‘Youll be too lke By the me you ger there they (init) thei speeches and everybody (a) home. By midnight he (be) unconscious for forty-eight hour. By the end of the month 5200 peopl (te) this exibition. 3. By Apeil 1970 I (pay) £3,000 in taxes, Truppose that when T come back in ten year’ cme al these ‘old houses (be) pulled down, (On ar October they (be) marie for twenty-five years By the end of the year I (ce) Fat forty-five ines, ‘The ie leader si, ‘By midi 50 en (coms) ot on -Ayour present nt you (ur) llth oa by he end of the "The teenuer ed, ‘By the end of the year al our debts (be paid) off = ae ‘Tour: Wey only ot ve hour in Rose; we leaving tesa; but Tim ate that we (oe) everything of importance esa (cet) everyting of impo Householder to Zao: One of your elephants isin my garden cating my tomatoe, 200 ofc: "The elegant Leper wil be with you in bl oscholdes: Your elephant ext) all my tomatoes by then, 6 a6. FUTURE & CONDITIONAL Ta¥SBS 15 Time Clauses 210,295 ® . "The fotre peer tense snot sed in ime cae, he present Foes beng wed instead Se a et ao the comet ene wing the fe, prcnt or groan pect: Congas Nex tio wits Non 03 Peet 1s When we ake) our exam wel hve aida. When (om) the book Indi you 5 When we (hve) ovr injections wel el sf When Ie) hee for twenty-five yas TM ak fora. $ Whee Tom (go) Peel yous see . & Byte emo i ge) bed trom hs holiday the mliman wl Ye He ee bot of koe is doe Dig ve re tn $9 ph your (0) 400 lees 4. Whenyou (do) 4000 klometes you can dive iat 7ok ph. $f When you ope te safe you (et) amal Back Box 12, Winn ve Gv) hnch wel go for wal 12: When he el gs Ia) the mest ot of oven 12, Til bt athe doors before (go) bed 13, rhea we oe) the etedal well go othe museum TE We tave to say up ti ror tlhe bl go) ay. UE He (eon you sri ou have fritid your bomewo 18. As soon a ha rom T.(0)you ow. Te My eles wil be frou wen be es) what you Bae done. 2 You or hee) the sound othe expeion afer you hve het 1. Thess pl remain hut wt he tri (pa). 2 Wns Fe Gell i aeepapes Bel go ome 7Pus. FUTURE & conDITIOWAL rawsEs 21, We ca havea fe here wail we (oweep) the ezine 2% You (ge) a shock when you open tat bee 23. When you are twenty-five your father (ge) you a atchkey. 2 Dow up ot fhe alae ut te pl (ay) Go 4, It said that one Engihrnan will not apenk to another ll ‘they (be) introduc 7 on 26, When « bot of hapege (i) oped for en ow ours the ins nar Soa oa 27. Hel rceptonist: When you (gn) the hotel regter the Porte vil chow you your oon" hast ber the 2. You(oot ow) ho good ayer ae il You ave ated one. 29, That oad wl not be ae he foo abe) 2° Wha eeyody (eve he park the ues wl lock 2%. Whe eave see the Char of Horo wha) 2p 52. When ou (hae) someting to eat ol el ete 35 Ia) in cout il the jp rene, 3. You cana eeome «meer of tis ab util jou (ae ‘8 parachute descent. smicaacs) 35. When the bon conor ister 36, As soon as everybody has gone to bed the mice (come) out «son a everybody ha gone to bed the mice come) out of (cat his prey he will become very 16 Conditional Sentences: Type 0 216s, 218-21, 2332 Put the verbs in brackets into the cotet tenses. 1 TET see hie (give) him a if 2, Hie goes into that fel the bull Chas) hima. ‘5 Ifyou ex all that you (be) i 8 P20.2 FUTURE & CONDITIONAL TENSES 4 IFT fad your paspor I (tclephone) you at once. $5 Ifthe police catch him they acres) him 6 you zea in bad ight you (run) your eyes. 7. Someone steal) your ea if you leave it unlocked. {What will heppen if my parachute (nt open)? 9, Ifyou mow the gras I (give) you sep- ze. T(lend) you my peal if you promise to take care of them. 11, TI you (ot go) away Tl end for the police. 12, If your dog bites me again I (be) very ange. 14, Ihe (be) late well go without him 14, Tf che (he) about this she wil be absolutely Furious 45, Ifyou put onthe Ketel I (ake) the te 16, Ifyou give my dog + bone he (buey) iat once, 17. If we leave the car here it(not be) in anybody's way. 18, Tf he (oot sar) at once hel be late for the tran, 1g, Ifyou come ate they (not et) you i. 26, Ifyou tel ny moro Bes I (be) very angry indeed, 1. Unless you work very hard you (ot be) succesful. 22, If lend you £10 when you tepay) me? 233, the sve (ce) any higher wel have to move pst 24, Ife (work) hard today ean he havea holiday tomorrow? 25, If you heat ie i (turn) to water, 26, If the hous (gs) on fie we can get out by the Kee escape. 27. I yu (ot like) this one PU bring you another. 28. Ualee you are more careful you (have) an acident 39, 1 you (ee) him tell him to rng me vp. ge. HL tllyou a secret, you(promise) not to telitto anyone ese? 41. I you (ot belive) what Tsay, ask your mother. 52, IF you like the house you (buy) i? $3. you wil kindly sit dowa I (oaks) enquires for you 3. Unleas Ihave a quiet rom I (not be able) o do any work ”Fue. 2 FUTURE & CONDITIONAL TENEES “35, Unless you pay him regularly he (nat wetk) for you ata 6 Sold you regu anyting cle ple (ng) the bel for 17 Conditional Sentences: Type 2 @ 2166, at-ar, 2336 Put the verb in brackets nto the correct tenses, 1. TE had a eypemitr I (type it myset 2: If Tnew his addres I (give) itt you. The shaved more often he (look) slot better. Ifyou played for lower stakes you (not oe) eo much. fhe worked mote slowly he (oot mais) so many mistakes “More tourist (com) to this town if had m beter elite, shoulda’ drink tht wine iJ (be) you, ET were eat to prioa, you (iit) me? Tf someone gave you a helcopter, what you do) with ie? TET had some money 1 (buy shares in that company. [fhe (lean) hie windserean he'd beable to see where he was oing 12, Ifyou drove your ear nto the river, you (be ble) to get out? x3. If everyone (cy) exactly what he thought, converstion would ‘econ impose 14. TET (vin) a big prize ina lottery Vd give up my jb. ‘What you (do) ia burglar came int your rooms at night? If Qenow) Greek I could tell you what thie sean, Feveryone gave £x we (hve) enough. Fhe (sop) stoking he might gt fat. [fhe know tha it was dangerous he (oot come). If you exw somebody drowning, what you (do)? 21. IFT bought her everything ehe asked for I (be) ruined. & 0,2 FUTURE & CONDITIONAL TENSES 22, Ifyou slept under a mosquito net you (nt be) stung often 23, IT Gave) a depesT could got ab easly 24, Tf she (do) herbie dlerently she might ook quite sie, 25, If we had more rain our eros (grom) better. 236, Ifyou removed that sere the whole machine (al) 0 pier 27. 1(kep) a ore fT could afford 28. Ta ak him to dinner more often if he (be) more amusing 235, Ifyou moved the bed out of your hall it (be) eer fo get to The howe 430. 1 thought chat Yd be any use I (oe) to help 41. What would you do if theif (get) stuck between two floors? 2. TE you printed each wall» diferent colour it (make) «grest Se erence to the roo. 43. T(o0t go) thee if Tere you. ‘34 Hyou knew that you tad any six weeks moreto ive, how you pend) thee ix weeks? 35. Ifyou (fed) your hens propel they would ly eggs for you. 36. Td elim over the wall there (not be) 9 much broken glse fon top of 18 Conditional Sentences: Type 3 @ ibe, 218-ax, aye Put the vers in brackets into the correct tenes, A 1. 1¢T had known that you were in boeitlT (ist) you. 2. Ifthe esptan had been more careful his ship (aot be) unk. 5. Ifyou bad arived ten minute erie you (get) a seat 4 ye ere last werk you woud have ee my arden at 5, But for his quickness I (be) killed. 6 Tahouldn’ have believed iti (aot se) it with my owa eye aPo. FUTURE & CONDITIONAL TaNSES 17. Ihe had slipped be al) 50 fet. & If head asked you, you (ecept)? 9 HF you hada’ lace he dre the bugle) so 10, IFT (know) tht you were coming Td bave baked « eke, 11, IFT had realized that he was ill I (oe) t hep him. 12, Ifyou had eft that wasp alone i (aot sting) you 15: IFT had known what «bad diver you were I aot coe) with yoo 14, IFT had realized thatthe trafic ight were re T (0g). 15. But forthe fog we (reach) our destination ages ago, 16, Ifyou had olde tht never pi i debt (xt en) fan the 17 I yu (oot sets) he wouldnt have Koowa that we were 18,1 yu had pt come sari he mice hey i) 19, Ifyou had shut the doo the hen (ot get) int the house 20, IF he bad known that the river was dangerous he (aot 89) 21. If you (peak) more slowly he might have understood you. 22, Ife had known the whole story he (not be) 20 angry. 2, shoulda’ hae eaten if I (know) that there was garlic int. 2. IET ha ted again T thik tha I (eucceed). 25, Ifyou had obeyed my instructions you (not ge) into trouble 236, If you hadnt been in such « hurry you (aot pet) sugar ito he stew instead of elt 27. TE (ey when calle be wold ve aes with 1nd en wing ny eh (hea suite oly 25, If he had tend tomy distoes she (aot urs) down the wrong erect 0. TF you (ook atthe engine for a moment you would have seen Trea cece a xo. FUTURE & CONDITIONAL THNSES 136 If the geeae hade't cached, Rome (be captured) by her 42, He would have been asested if he (ey) to leave the country. 43a: IFT ha realize hati wan auch along way T (te) ex. 1H Ifyou had told me where you were going, you (save) me alot Berube. 5. They would have forced thee way into the house iT (aot or help. 26, etal xing hip re puting ini pk ie (not bur a hole inhi oat 19 Conditional Sentences: Mixed Types 0 ‘Chapter 20 ot the vers in brackets nto the correct tense, 1. If you (nd) « skeleton in the cellar don't mention it to anyone 2. Ifyou pats your examination we (hve) eeebration. 5, 1ET pres this button what (happen)? 4 Tshould have voted for her if I (have) a vote then 5: If you go & Pare where you (39)? 6 If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which you (choo)? 1p. Tf the fog (ge thick the fight may be canceled, 8, If the miliman (come) tell him to leave two pints. 9 If yd leave your glass there someone (a) on them, ro, You would play beter bridge if you (aot tlt) 29 much, 11, FT bear the burglar alarm what I (do)? 12 If you (read) the instructions carefully you would’t have sumered the wromg questions %726.2 FUTURE & CONDITIONAL TENSES 15, Leould epi he rot marl iI (ar) lng adder 14, Unlesn they turn that wise of Ig) ad 15: Ifyou aa Brontonaran waking down Onfrd Stet what joules? 16, Tf we un) ot of petra ere wel have long way to walk x7. Ifyou shake that tl of pot (ot be) Sit dik 18, Unless he (come) with me Pl probaly ge at. 49, Tyo drove more slowly you (a0 have) 0 man scien 25 Ifyou(wet false beard nobody wood ave egeize ou 21. Ie leave) the sh there che ca wl ge 122 Unless they leave a lap beside that bole inthe road some- body (all ito i 23. Ifyou (aot change) your wot clothes you'll get paeumoni, 24. IFT had known tht you coulda’ et oeopus I (aot buy) 25. IF they (hang) that picture lower people would be abe to 26.1 fe soca Inde sch high Bk she (eae co wal 27-1 (bing) you some beer {had known that you were thisty, 25, Ifyou had touched thet electric cable you (bs) eleerocuted 29, The newspapes (ot print) the story i hadnt been tus, 40. I (aot buy) things oa the istalment system if I were you 531. Dial ggg if you (want) Police, Ambulance, ot Fee Brigade, 5% Unles you lenrn to type you (aot be) any use to me, 433; If anyone attacked me, my dog (jump) a his throat. 234. Ife were in he (asm) the phone. 35, the plot (make) one ate the ship wood have sun ‘aground 56. Thole’ have te your umbra T hnoe)hat wn the only one you had. oe % 0.2 PUTURE & CONDITIONAL TENSES 20 Conditional Sentences: Mixed Types 0 Chapter 20 ‘Finish these sntences, taking care toute the corres tenes 1 The taken my adv 2 Tf yoo ate les. 43 the ie worse toenorow. 4 Habe practised more there n't enough wine in that bottle & 7 & Ifyou had checked the petrol before we sated, “This clock would’ have run down if. this one doesnt St you 9, If these ges are locke. re, If we leave before bref. 12, The whole house wll be owed if. 12, Her fe might have been saved if. 15, Ifthe voleno starts erupting. 14. The gras would look beter i. 15, Unless ic iene da. 16, Ifyou doa’t pur enough stamps on s letter, the peron who Be ite 17, He would lend ito you if. 38, Unis this hotel ges anocher cook. 4g, The stem becomes wore. 20, TE your uncle ea you, 21. If yoU teed to climb it without a guide. 22, IF you dida't shake the camera so much, your photo raph, 23. Vd have brought my oot. 24, Whe eu his hair move often. 83s. 3 28 2», » » y % x FA Pac.2 FUTURE & CONDITIONAL TENSES He would have given her diamoade if Ifyou had asked his permieion 1 the Bre had been noticed eatie hens any sense ‘You would have been angry i 1? he had put the Sowers nto water at once. Tahould hove ordered more coal if Ifyou leave the gute open “You wil have to go to the dente if He would have been drowned if Ted had a car [fhe telephone sings while Tm in my bath 86 EXERCISES 3 GERUND, INFINITIVE, PARTICIPLES, ANDI Infinitive with or without To © a nse to where necessary before the infiitives in brackets He made me (de) tall over again. ‘She can ng) quite wel He wll beable er) vexy soon, 1 sed (lie) ina caravan, ‘You ought go) today. 1 may (ein) tooo. ‘You needa't (ay) anything Just nod your head and he wil (ondertand), want (ee) the house where our president was born. “He made het (repeat) the message May (ae) your pone? ou, era’ ath) for permissions you can (ue) it whenever ou aa fo you ean (use) 18, Ifyou want (get) ther before dark you should (start) at once 12, [couldn't (remember) his aren. 25, Youll be able (le) t yourself when you are older 34, Would you ike (go) now or shall we (wait) tl the end? 25. Thoy wont let us ear) the Cstcy shed tl our hgeage Miah on cxauned™ Cosme sed ell or gpg 36, How dare you open) my leters 17 She peruaded him (wal) ite Inge. 1, ued (amok) 4o cpt a dey 49, Wl you lp ote (eve) he pan? 20. He woulda et my baby (ly) with i gld watch. 21. They refined (ace) the bribe 2, He expected (ae) in few aye, 2, Haas let me (oom) yout deton os sons publ 8 0.5 OBRUND, INpINITIVE, & PARTICIPLES 24, He made us (vat) for hous 25, Could you (el) me the ine plete? 26. We min (end) him telegram 27. let him (o) early a he wanted (met his wie 28, Where would you tke (have) hich? 235, You can (leave) your dog with wf you doo’ (want (ke) in with yoo 40: kei (go) t university bu can't ke) im (0). 3r. We could (gu) 0 5 comer, nla you'd prefer (i & 2. You sem nom) thi aoa very wel * Ye folds hee The Kidappers td the, parent (ot inform) the pois yeild one ene ‘4: Need I (come)? Pad much ater (a) ot home 35 You can (ete) a ore to water but you eat (nhs) him (Grin). Proved) 46. Ven sory (fsapoint) you but can't et) you (have) any ‘nore money tthe ad of the month 2 nf sther tT ° ats ei0.39 tects omy pict ESS wey tees ee Ane eagecsen 3 Wa ll a 1 Nocera 2 SeeSeetan kel &% 4%. Ps 1s 16. i. 28. 19. 23 34 25 26. Pao. 5 ORMOND, rePmeETIYE, fe PantrorPLEs He nude) the et eg int county “Vitor ar ake (oo fed) the anima Cau or) Me, Pi, Yr ta en Would you the (pea) bi coor es eter (rane hopfly than (sn), Proved) He sold now) ow (bd) an og uti be duct ad bee how) kine) = Te the baby in a bythe (bs) ste ofa go Ther th door pes ad Snow acto the ete (ake) me (ev) that he was my stepbrother ‘As we seam (have med) the tenn we may fo wel (go) Back ‘otek fa) fat he Hoe (hake) with the explnon eld ne ome ty re lt ga) he ade vs (roi) (no tel) anyone what we bad ne, ee Would yoo (ik) come) in my ct? No tht Pt ner aby advised hin lhe bus conductor el) i where(g of Kis beer (pat) your money in «bank then (ee) it under our bed Qa Od washing oe Ste expect er baad (and) vp and (open) the doe fr ber phnete abe eaves te oe ‘The burglar made me how) hin how (ope) the sale you knew he mas wg, why diet yo (oy) something? 1 siete (ay syns beta be vay eon gry a ou contrac him Wa beter (be) sre tan so. What do you (raat) eel hen? ‘Tl nth ty time he ares (al) Tall be delighted (Gis) the mar with it go Snes i) hn in mony? Yo Fide sl ave iin mp pocket, but 1 4s) hin tonight end prom (not ong thie ° 86.3 OERUND, INFINITIVE, & PARTICIPLES 1 aw the diver (open) his window and (throm) & box into 21 Lg the diver (pen) (0") 28, That afar too heavy fr one person (cry) lt me (hep) you. 25, Tos afraid (pick) up the revolver an T don't know how Udi) firearms. so, Lau th plane (crus) into the hill and (bur) into ames. 43t. There is nothing (4a) but (mai) tl somebody comes (et) sz, He heard a cock (crow) in «neighbouring village 53. You may a wel (el) us che eu, Ie wil be) easy (check) ‘our story. ‘a The American sid be had seen sine presidents (ome) and ae at (avery ld sn. ag. Isis up to you (ear) the iv of your ova county 36. Would you rates (be) more sup ean you lack ox (ook) aoc ped tan yo ah 3 Infinitive represented by its To o. sted: 249; and ed: 250 In each of the following pairs of sentences an infaitve wed in the Bist sentence i vepeted in the second: Read the ventenca, expressing ths socnad iat by fm to only. Note that where {GE secon inbnidve bas an objt thin wordphrase mat be fmited. eg. i the example: “Why ida’ you tel me the th ee ist time? ‘Treneant to tal you the truth hut Twas to Eights, che words undedied abould be ome 1 Did you vi the pyramid? 'No, Land to vat ther but there vas’ dine 2 Why do you wear gases? have o wea hems T have bad sight oP80. 3 GHRUND, INPINITIVE, & PARTICLFLES 5 Doyou smote? 8 oa 15 6 1, No, T ued to smoke but I don’t now, ‘Would yo like to go to the theatre tonight? Yea, Pd love to gots the teste Why dide't you pay the bill for him? Tolfered to pay f But he refed, - Have you put the car inthe garage? [No, Dut Tim just gong wo put there, - Lan you toto apologize to each other ‘Wall tim willing to apologize if he apologize Set, . Did you reserve azats on the tain? No, Ttsied to raserve them but they had all been booked tread. Di you roswer the letter? No, Tinended to answer t but Pe sed 1 forgot Why did't you hit him? Tyas afraid to hit him. Ted love to spend a night ina haunted room. 1rd hate to spend a ight ins haunted room, Why did't you ak your father for the money? T did't like to a him, Did you get a chanee to fy the aeroplane yourself? No, I wanted toy but the lt mould le me. ‘Why docsa't he beat his boys when they diobey him? He Uveaten t beat them fometimes but he never actually does it ‘Why didn't he repair the car Mise? ‘He watt abe to tepaie T uoed to drink why with my meal, sed to drike whisky with my meals ako but I don't now. Did you buy sausages? No, meant to buy them but I frgot. Why doesn’ he ty again? Hee dowart want to ty agai, ‘You should visit the Prado when you Yes Vintend to visit it in Madi - 3 26. ™. 2» e x 3. 4 a 9% x6. 3 GRRUND, INFINITIVE, & PARTICIPLES Wy dr’ he ply games? Fe et Eo play game ou gh op wor om 32,1 ee gdog tos. iy do oe jsp cay xr weigh? TT as elie oy Te by replat, Did he lp yout Yo, Linked Ko lp me bt edhe ad ine “You sul ve aed fer bere yous Figen tak hr ut whee fen T cud id fer myer Ty it ae pi atc inh ton? Polite fr Why did't he eo the police? Hewat oon He lr ink they'd bale hin, Why did he dive wo TLCS, teva hve ited i tin “ou med te spun, 32, Mlbw fed ite tbat 1 do’ now Wy ida’ you by he a? He kerasenne ties {hope the hen wo go othe wae Piatt pte Why doe py tnt Wee af es ei the aw Tinent to wok bd [HES you est wok bard bt you a Do te bye ca thai own shor? BRT tt bu they done vag. Why dite cal he poet Teta ol lepton in ad own et Wy di ou move our? THU pin ite more i ‘Why i young your oe? Xpand Postage 3Reo. 3 onmUND, mesrarTivE, & paRTioirLes 4 Indirect Commands expressed by Object+ Infinitive © 280 Indirect commands are normally expressed by mm, onan, a i> mith the person addreed ant te iftive: Change {olbwing dre commands ito Sadie commands es chs onstruction. Remember that the person sddresed often ot ‘ationed in a dec command, eg: He sid, Go away’, but must be mentoned i an indieet commend, eg. He told mie (Tomjuslthem, ete.) to go sway. 1. He sid Put some colon the fe” 2 She ai, ‘Shue the door." 3 Tid, ‘Lend me your pen fora moment.’ 4 Tesid ‘Dont readin Bad light, boye §: He sid, ‘Don't believe eveything you heat.” 6 The wecetary sai, ‘Pes fl up this frm’ 17 Tsai, ‘Don't uty." 8 Tesi ‘Dow’ touch that switch, Mary. 9. The raiders sid “Put your hands up.” ro. He said, Please do a8 I say.” 11. Mr, Pitt aid Help your mother, Peter" 12, He sid, ‘Doa't make tao much noise eilden.! 13, She ead, ‘Do whatever you ike” 14. She said "Don’t miss your tran.” 15, He said, ‘Read i before you signi’ 16. He said, Sing i pai.” 17. His mother sid "Brosh your hie” 38, Laid, "Buy a new ear! 1g, She au, ‘Don't drive to fart? * Po, 3 GHRUND, INFINITIVE, & PARTICIPLES 20, The sanouncer sid, ‘Don't forget to tune in to che ‘new Programme a eight lock” ‘1, Heald, ‘Come to the cinema with me" 22, Tas, “Cook it in buster." 23, The lift operator sid ‘Don't touch the gates? 2, The master sad, “Dont argue with me" 235, He eid“Pull a bard as you can.” 26, He oid, ‘Send forthe Fire Brigade. 47, Heid, ‘Don't lend her anything” 25, She esi ‘Make a li of what you want” 29. He ad, "Look at he paper” 439. A voice ai, ‘Stand clear ofthe doors” $8 My sunt ai, ‘Soe i you can fed any epg” 432. Laaid ‘Don't go alone” 38: The chop asstant sid Pay at the each desk? $34. She aid ‘Don point” 435: Tasid, Pur the ladder against the wall” 436. The detective sad, “Think well befote you answec* 5 Indirect Commands expressed by Object Infntioe © 28 See intrucons forex ¢ 1 My father sid ‘Come dows a once 2. The Prime Miniter ei, "Be patient? 4 The shopkesper sid, ‘Buy the lage tin? 4 Lesid,"Don't bathe here? {The policeman ud, "Tur right a he next com-sond” ‘The clk mad, Go w the othe counter” 4 Avoic sid, “Have your pnspora ay. The sergeant id, Stand at owe” %56.3 oakUND, anPriTivE, & PaRTIerLES ‘The maser sid, "Transit the fst a lines’ > Tau ‘iste to the iad? re sid, ‘Don't believe everything he tei you? ‘The policeman sad, ‘Keep moving’ He sai, Look everywhere "Neither borrow no lend, he eid to his son, ‘The clerk si, "Put your loggage onthe scale? 5: The doctor sid “Takes deep bres?” His employer std, ‘Don’t spend it all t once ‘The philosopher sid, "Culvate yoor gedens’ “Look eround you, T sid ‘The eld sd, “Give me a penny.” ‘The Customs ofer said, "Open your suitcases? ‘My mother always sid, ‘Don't waste ime,” He sid Pease pas the alt" "The riding marr sid, ‘Dismount.” She sid, ‘Put some erumbs on the wiedow sil or the birds” Tid, “Come in out of the rain.” ‘The Keeper sid, ‘Don't put your hands nea the bars? ‘The grocer aid, "Don't lean your bcyseagsinat my window. ‘The porter sid, “Cros the line by the footbridge. ‘My mother sid, ‘Don't shout into the telephone” He sai, ‘Meet me here a the same time tomoerow. sud, “Don’t decide in «hurry Think it over! ‘She sid, ‘Please help me to mend i” sid, “Open ata of soup.” "The driver sid Please mend the puncture! aid, "Don't put the wine neat the fie” Po. 3 GHROND, INFINITIVE, & PARTICIFLES 6 ‘Too[Enough/So . . . As with Infinitive © ted 2475 od ed: 248 Combine cach of the following pare of sentences into one sex tence using too/enough wits tafaiive eg. ‘It is very cold. We can't go out will become ‘Tx too cdo go out. Rewrite numbers 3, 20, and 35 using so «a8 with infinitive, (Enough sth indnitive could ako be used ers, wile 80. a8 ould replace enough in numbers 9, 24 and 29. "These aterm {es wil be piven in the key) 1. You ae vt young, You en have thle. 2 Tein wey cold. etc’ bathe, 23. Would you be Sry Kind ser tis ter by eer? 4 Lam ster old. Leagowen that ind of ht $ ‘The rope ant trong. healt sport the vo men, & He hadp't inuch money. He couldnelive on (Omit) 7. He walt, He couldn speak The ein ty ot Tem ola Ket 9, Tor we ey ols He ld othe poi 1) You ae qt thin, Yo could lip between the barn 11, He pl, Bevan eat anyting 12, Our new eri gr die Tews though tho gs, The Gor aan ong. We coulda dance on (Om 2) 1. Loyatried Ty gould move 15, The bul ine hig: He con't harm ou, 16, The coffee bat song ewan kecp ws awake 17. The esa dep. Wacaewade (Se No 6) 1B. Tram ute ld Eeold be your ties, 4, Tam very seb s0 bay your whole hotel > 7P26. 3 GEROND, npstive, & panrtenrEas S25, Would you be rsey good an forward my leer wile Tan wy? a "The eis ge thick’ Worn alk on it. (Be No.6) 2a. He pe iy drunk Leif kaowe my que. 45, eis Wap. Wea hye Draka inthe arden Hg dt Boca pai ik os vas, We aren't wiry high, Wweatt se the summit 25. You aes very ol. You can't understand thee things 27 He wan yy anon He wouldnt alto any of 28. Ny new hts vry elaborate 1 couldat wee ion the beach, 25, He wan ramon. Mopsned the Jeter 4e) The og wal npatens, Hentoudns ems athe rato 43t- My rtgaze fn clever. ThjveenSbe enuphe ia ape {a Te wart dark We cont Sethe igo. 43h Te wat ty bot Wiley an epg 08 the pavemeit 5H Theorangs were yy bites, Wenotstntaethern (See No.6) 535: Would you be yer kn and curn down your izle a litle? 56 Tews fallen outs. Waleouldnit ee the expe propedy. 7 Various Tnfinitive Constructions 0 28,351 Replace the group of words undedined by an infisitve or an ‘eg ‘Te ie important tat he should undecetand ths! becomes “Tes impoctnt for Bim fo understand and ‘He was the first man who acived? becotes "Hea theft man fo ae 1. The captin wo the tan wl ip. 2, He got to the top and was very deappoiated whet he found that someone ele Bad reached i Best 8 2.0.3 QUROND, JFINETIVE, & PARTICIPEES 4. The committee have decided to send you to Pars. (Write: Yeu oo Par omit We comms be decided 0 ad) 4 Would you be 85 hod an tend me your umbrella? 5. There are 2 lot of sheets that need mending 6. Iwas astonished when 1 heard that he bad left the county. ‘7p. Ttis beter thailibshouldchear it from you 4. Lwas rude co im, which was stupid. (Ie was stupid...) 9. Ihebad another child wigan sah pay"be would bo happier to Tei necessary that eveyaié should know the truth 11, There was ao place where we could it 99% {2 Be po isha int his pte nd was toished wh be found tat is wale want 1. Heute into the burning house wich wa very brave of Ee imag teeth ec oe sd, Tean' got the pty; Tha nothing that can wet. 15 Tei pected tat he wil broaden eatement tonight Webapects a 16, Twat Hichen ws in whit) Fok 17, He eached the sain existed and was very disapointed ‘ cuwhen he lesen thatthe tain had jst It 18. Haven't you anyhingewimich youeould pen i? 1g, Te seems that the crime was committed by a left-handed man “Cle crime seams. Use perlct infinitive, passive) ao. Teter ative before six? (Is he...) at, Taso the pint of leaving the house when the phone rang. a2, This isthe plan: someone will meet you a the station... Aira teem ate ato) ay, Sheinanniou thatdheyshould have every posible advantage, eis id hat he ws brat cet, ea wi 2.2) ”Peo.3 omnon, INenWTIVE, & PaRrierrins As, The asers decided thatthe strike should continue 26. Would you be very kind and translate this for me? 27. Ita ave RaayiBlerve the hous separately 28. You signed the document without reading it, which was very sap (Far stapid. 2.223) re a5, Teed that she asa gh temper, (Shes) 30. He was the fist man wha wa Ube Channel 531. They believe thet he is bones (He...) 32 Te appears that he was killed witha blunt istrument. (He pia Uns pani inti) 3. He was the only one who realized the danger. ‘oh Hei eid that che earth was originally part of the cut, (The 435: He took out his pare whee and wat very disppointed when he discovered that ha te was abo punctured 36+ tis sd dat the murderers hiding inthe woods near your ore \ 8 Infinitive used to express Purpose ° sit ds 242, 287-8; ond de 2, 28 Combine each of the following pairs of sentences into one scence using 40 aafin order where fecessty : gl sent me to Spain, He wanted me to learn Spanish’ ‘sates ‘He sent me to Span to lean Spans) and ‘He turned out the light, He dida’t want to waste electricity ‘Deome He tamed out the light 20 az otto wate electric 4. Tam buying paint. neo paint my hall dcr. 2, He ied a knot in his handkerchief Ep hacia ld" “dp tenia iz to meet the wai Po, 3 GERUND, INPINITEVE, & PARTIEIPLES 4: He opened the lions cage. He intended to fed the lions 4 He tet his rifle outside He din’ wanpto frighten his wife. {fH has a box. He plang to pat his savings int. (Omit ‘’) 1, We had no cops bor he gave us coconut shells He sid Could ds out of them. (Oat thems) 2. He rushed into the boring house. le wanted to save the ctl 8 Se ead uty fr sort pst each dy Heian to ‘srnn Bi eye. ‘9 They got up very early. They wet to gett the top of the Tal Before sons. 10, He rang the bell, ie to gel us cat dinner wa ready. 11, Wemust keep our gloves on, Waldo wanttogetfrosbiten. 12, She puta sarecow up in the field, Shar winted-to frighten he bid 7 13, Ttook off my shoes, 1 fdnfCwant-to make any nose, 14, Before the chimney-sep came she covered the oor with epee anno pote arp 15, The boys ave collecting sick. Tey imeftto put itn on 5 er Ont then) nn ree JB, He was playing very softy. He did't want to disturb nyone 17, Tamsendig him tothe U.S.A. Twat him to study medicine ‘here 18, Taeat im oot ofthe room, I wanted to discuss his progress ‘pith he beadmaner, 1g, He fined a metal ladder tothe wall below his window. He wanted tobe abe to eaape if here was aire. ao, He changed his address constantly. He wanted to lode the police a1, The police have bariaded the main stress, They want to prevent the demoastrators from ‘marching through the aa. They cracsted everybody from the danger zone. They ranted to reduce the Fake 25. Tam learning Grek wih to read Homer,LG, 3 GEROND, INpENETIYE, & paxrzouPLas 24, He sent his chileen thi sister's hate, He wanted them to fwch the elev programe 25, He sen his cident the aunt's boose, He wast ome pce. 26, The towa council forbidden open es They a {reduce the amber of os vases 27, They employed a detective, They wanted to lar what I dd 25. Lam saving up. I want to buy helicopter, 29, He coughed. He wanted to war them tat he was coming 436. You should take your bode in June. In ths wa soil avi the vee 3% Theep my hens ia eld surrounded by ize netting. T ant to proc hem agnnt the nes. 32 Tamleening sing oan Indoor school, I wat tobe able {oo wha | gor Swhaerian 33. The wophmen let ced lights net he hole. They wanted to ‘rem noon ° 4 He invented a wife and sceilden By this rick be hope to ‘old paying income fs 435. When their ni goe grey somne women dye it. They want ek toes 6. He titel ere waging in the ake He da wast 26 Heil eh ws ing ei a9 (Clases and Phrases of Purpsé @ {ted 287-90; and ed. 289, 290 Combine ech ofthe following pair of sentences into oné sex tence. The orthodox way of combining sentence of this ype by using chs of purpose inroduced by so that/in order that, * ease or lest, butt fe very ofen possible to avoid clause and to use iatead an infntive phrase soositing of prevent/avoid ticks gurund or enable/ietfnae, ce wah a ase sn, 5 GERUND, INFINITIVE, & PARTICIPLES the sentences "The leters marked the tron at they went through the fort and "They wanted the rest of the pasty to know which way they had gone’ could be combined as follows (@) The leaders marked the tres so thatthe rest of the party ‘wouldhould know which way, ete, or (0) ‘The leaders marke! the trot 1 let the seat of the party now, ec 1. He ied the men who helped hte bury the tenue. Eb Seoted nobody vat hime an iow where wae 2 Put he cork back Sifncine ay kaa bot om. 15 The aiteld autores hve pute By ove the damaged ‘5M uaway. Thefcvdag repair work @rcoitthupilay apd page, 4 The gil packed the eggs i cotton wool She din want then ge broke the port i 4: He wore aie bead He did't want yond Fetopiz shin ‘eat 6 She bu whigh wall ound pr gedon, Bhu' wancher Tilt be sales see wldatt au Thy talked in wiper, di il rehear ‘tem - 8. You ough to take some of this serum with you "Fag gS qubheabyamalae creer 9+ Adapt Ti cow Sa ope nee of 4 zo. Tam inburing my if, Eogantmy children have something to ive on fT a led » Please shut the gate. I don't want the cows to get out ofthe “il, 12, He telephoned from a public eal-box, He dida's want the tall be taced to his own aden 1g, Tam puting net over my strawberry plants. don’ want the ‘i to eit ll he strawberries, 14, We keep «spade in the house, There may bea heavy fal of ‘snow in the nigh 15. We put bas onthe lower windows, We did't want anyone {real in 16316, m. 9 23 2. 3s. 26. 2. >. Pe a Ee 3h Fe Pino. OHRUND, tnvuwiTavE, & PARTtCIDLES ‘You shou cary jackin your a You may havea puncture We built he rot witha steep slope. We wanted the snow fo le of ex “The notecs are writen in several languages. The government wants everyone to undertardtheth Tput my addres on my dog's coli. I want anyone who finds ‘ino keow where he Ss oa She ted a bell round her ea’ neck, She wanted the birds to Tew when he was approaching ing your gun with you. We may be attacked by wales. have put wire over my chimey-pot. I don't want birds to Bud eas in ther Wt your mame in the book, He may fret who len it ee chained up the Honess at night. He didn’ waat her to inghten anyone Don't put on any more coal. The chimney may goon fre ‘The lorgla cu the telephone wite, He did't want me to all he poke ‘Take torch with you. Ie may be dark before you ge bak The manufactures have made the tape of tht new cooker very sti. They don’t want young children to be the to tra them om Donte he baby play with ay gases. He may break them ‘The debate on education has been portpned, ‘The governs ‘ent want t acu the net cri Tf someone knocks the door a aight don't open it, Tt ma ie the escaped conve, ¥ ms * ‘The policeman mopped the tlic every few minutes, He wanted the pedstans to beable to ces the road Some advertises hire a plane to write the nme of product ‘eos the aky. They want everyone to sce Neve et elite play ith then They may tt thee He ordered an enormous tomb to be bul for himeelt He ‘wanted everyone to Know wht s gest king he had bees To bao. 3 oenuxn, mspivimive, & panticrries 436. Turn down the oven. We don't wat the met to burn while 10 Perfect Infinitive used with Ausibiary Verbs « dated. 504 and: a, 6 50 ‘Use the perfect infinitive of the ves in italic with the appro= priteaunllary verb, Phrases underlined should not be repeated, ut thee meaning should be exprerted by the sua + perfect infinitive. Tein poste that he telephond while we wer ut “He aay fae elphoned te, sand Yoo thas him for ns preset but you did = You should ave thanked him Tor his presest, 2. Lralized that my houte was on fie. ‘That ) a tereible moment.» “we ara ghow lastnight pong ‘You (rot) a gots there aren’ any ghost. You (ra) it TE josie that «child Broke the window. ‘You carid it yourel, which wat not neces, I've had a toothache fortwo dap, « ‘You {oto & deta when ste. "There (be) motoréeyel races on the sands but as they have been canes ‘As I as standing in the hall your dog bit me. 7 late og he wan with el ye) sy brother's doe 8. I feel tesbly i taday, 1 ‘You (ot eat) thow tathrooms yesterday. Mushrooms don't ‘gre with you, 9, Lwonder why he did't anewer = Pomibly be did't understand the qudion. to, Taeebim a tp, which was not necesary. Di © 155 oa 1s 6 0, 38. 19, 33. oa 35, 26. ™ 3 2. ». 3H ro. GERUND, INPINITIVE, & PAREICIPLEE ‘The prisoner (cop) this way, for bere ate his footprints, ‘You edt hit, which was wrong. I did’ recopeiae the voice a the other end ofthe line 1 (Ge) my elder aster she often a home st that ne. Te (Got be) my youngest ster nese is absd Someone (coo) mel here lately; the stove is sil hot ve brought my own sandwiches ‘You fot bing them. have enoigh fortwo. ‘Ta blr wen sagt fo the ae although it was hidden ‘behind a plese Someone (tl) him where i wa, "The president (ere) the statue, but he i il o his wife ie olng ft iestad “The plane i late; T wonder what has happened? Pony oar dated by fogs PM Thave never met him, "You (meet) hi; he ives next door to you 1 (doi «(ea my duty todo it but Idd’ He (not cate) the 9.20 in Beaute he dia tTeave ome ill 925 1 opened, which was unncesary, ‘The police were here while we were out, Someone (Stray) un T drove at 80 miles an hour, which was wrong ‘When was your age T (clin) Gat mountain, (but T didn) If. policeman tad sen me climbing through your window east) me what Iwas doing He said that the death penalty was out of date and that Bland (boli) yeas ago ‘You boiled 6 many eggs but there ate ony four of ws. ‘She (lay) the chief par in the fl, but she quarrlled with the ditector, so he engaged someone ele ‘This poem (writen by Rests, but Tam not certain He (ak) of hi atin the these, (but he dda’, 106 pao.3 cEauND, inrisitive, & PaRticrnies 432. People used to wall 20 miles todo thei shopping. ‘They (have) a Tot of energy in those days 433. One day he went for a walk up a mountain and never came tack He (all) over a precipice su [jut presed lightly on the pane and my hand went through re efos(e) very thin 35: You translated it into French, which wasn't necessary, 6. You booked at the new moon chrough gs. It 6 most ‘lucky. 11 Perfect Infinitive used with Auciliaries ‘end some other Verbs o sete. 50-4) anda ast Tostructioos: at foe exercise 10, but where two vers in italics are placed side by cde, put the second verb into the pedect inve and the fiat nto an eprops tense: ‘eg, This alc oy) ul in thes yer Me pees oka bon ut thee yer 1 She (ory) my Brother bt she was killed in a plane eras a "sn etre the wedding date 2. You ripeted ty we wavumecenary 4: There (en) (ie) a there. Everything is smashed co bit ‘Welt out today, but the weather sw bad that we decided ‘spontpone ou sar il forneow : ‘5: thought they wes nushooms i. ‘Yous eat) hom uniow you were sure. They) poisonous. 6, He leant the language in sx months. He (oor way adem soe 1. Ubrought mn umbrella, which war wonecenyy 1B. I (ike) arf) but there wasn ine zie licef# 1% Ps 5 6 m eo. 3 GERUND, ININGTIVE, fe PaRrLoreLES Te forgotten the adds. Hert) ¢ down (ut Lida C14 knowa your house wats cold T (ot om) ‘Why id you put gine? ee Barta ‘Then eM. She puts gui in everything Who gave you madsen Tonk remember. 1) Tom, 1 (at oom he done now ‘You dough Bowers bu we have plenty in the garden. Aero years ath echool she knew aeclete'y nothing. Hera x) a god teicher ae My ster ba jst come back ffom abroad. She (sem) ono) her tip ery much Lie) very uncomfortable ia the Stone Age. ‘You (stond) sll when you were being photographed, (but vn you were being phatogeape, (but 1 opis En mr bes ha wt posted 1 (ke) (photograph) i but Thad ao mre ls. “There (he) «bad accident here. Look at al the broken gn [es ponsibe that prehistoric cave devings tare consected wil gor {Uhave been diving for 20 yeas ‘You (not dio for an years. You ae only 3o now. 1 (ak) ages to bd the pyramid He walled past me witout speaking. “He (ot racic) you. He's very shortsighted 1 (le (a) othe match Bot the Gkts were al sold “He aya ew you atthe thetreyeterday. He (nt em. T mast tere ‘Thin pstre may be a fake; onthe other had it (6) painted by one ofthe Dutch masters kis pone that the Sie i the ship was tare by a bomb, She walked go mie, carrying her child he (lee) pat cours 18 ao. oRNbND, rNpiNrrive, & PaRTICIPLES 430. Ib sponsible that he read iti the papers. Fe (io read). He can't read. Someone (tl) him. Told them to met me under the clock but they didnt tora erfape they were waiting under the wrong clock. There are “wo in the sation 42. He told me his name was Johnson ‘You (minndrtond) hn. His ame is Jone sid that T could find my pen and he sa chat per 35° Tamebody had borrowed i = 4 T (ie) (ao) quenton but I was so far back that Tide {think I'd be Beard 435: There (8) a fort here stone time. You can see where the undations were. 436. The dinar (esi) (be ater a spi aia. 12 The Gerund © Chapter 25, Put the following verb into the gerund. 1. He gave up (gum), 2. Try to avoid (rake) him angry. 13. Stop (argue) and star (work). i 14 He prefers seep) to (ead) Tam against (make) any complaints 6. Tes no use (ey) over ep milk. (Procerd) 2. Trugget (hold) another meeting next week. He finshed (speak) and sat down. = 9, He wat fined for (rive) without light. rer Iti dificult to get weed to (at) with chopstica 11, Ifyou cant tur the key ty (pot) some ol inthe lock 12, You have had many opportunites of (er) your county. 199‘reo. 3 CBRUND, iNPiNiTavE, & paRTiCIrU 13. You can’t make an omelet without (bieak) eggs. 1*¢ 3. We ae ooking forward to (end) your new boo. 15 They escaped by slide) down ropes made of blankets, 26, ‘They dont allow (emoke) in this theatre. 17. Hels thinking of eave) hie job and (o) to Ameria, 18, After (ead) this atte you wil give up (smoke). 19, Ifyou put your money into that busines you rik (lose) every ean ao, Impine (ive) with ameone who never stops (al). 21. Ia there anything here worth (buy)? 122, He was accused of (ta) oficial dSeurnents and (ell) them. 23. You can become a member by sign) thie paper and (pay) £2. 24, I don’ enjoy (go) tthe denise. 25. Would you mind (put) your pet snake somewhere ese? 36. The town was captured without «shot (be) fed 27. By (work) day and night he euceeeded in (nish) the jb in 28, He has a acheme for (make) gras grow in winter 2p, T dons feel ike (wok); whit about (go) toa cinema instead? 3p. Would you mind (wits) your name and address on the back of th cheque? 31 a thing i wort (do a al it wrth () wel, 48. [hate (borrow) mone. 43: He was frious at (be) mistaken for an ecaped convict 34 After (alk) for ten minutes I succeeded in (convine) him that there was no Ganges 35. Teemember (read) a review ofthat book and (think) Pike wo gerie 36, Asa result of listen) at eyboles he learnt many facts which ‘ne had no hesitation ia (psa) onto bis employes 0.3 ORROND, INFINITIVE, & PARTICIPLES 13 Gerund and Infinite ) haps 29 and 33 ut the verb in brakt into the cnc form (ern ot Bite, 1 am okng forward ot) 0 7X He dead (have) wt, 3 Tarot them hee + He urged usfwork) faster Tras) the manager E fev ae re (wai) 1 He wn er cE ouch the wie GB) Don’t forge toc) the door before (go) to bed. “Mee mega ea en 12. Teatundewtand he Gere ie ta IE He wees but she eed Ce <2. At diner he agnoyed ie by (ence) betwee the cure. ‘a: You ae expected fun) ihe am of your ova cot. 1. Hedley ay woman 15. Tan prepued it) bee igh act. 16 Would you ind hone ho Gro the 2 17. After ges) {for three hours we stopped to let the others (Goh op) gh 18 Ta beganintundentan) wht you mean THe wan fc Br (sce) the opeod le $2 rc hom lke (lay) aes but Pate (son T eben outa your aplsttn ba een rind. Tetley (rhe as you id. 2 Nn on I dont ln mek ny davng 0, Mio. Sh: dont alow sy fury) a4: Here wil by Go) tay ws 09} pbPao. 3 cxsunp, invinirive, & panticinies 3 Pewee mid mid oath. wore dk lass (void) (be) 27. Berge) iene you ras wh open) the trth 28, I trict permuae) hit ogre) with your proposal 2. Your vinows need (cs); wold you Ie foe you 30. Would you mind shut Yo) thems window That (a ia drag, 28 Teal lp (nen); Feo ald your fm Sarmughe ey 2: Do nop (alk Fam tying (Bish leter 5 Heder ve i ry oe My watch Kept ~ 3 have pcave you ken Cong ig) 5. By) cane ale the pa seo (th 46, Fepl we at) fey (sp a ogee 14 Gerend end Infnitce ‘Chupte22 ed 23 Pat the veibs in brackets into the comet frm (gerund ot infinis). Ap eee ition 1 inden ee ea He pap 6. ig a this beach is much more pleasant than (sit) ‘in the ‘7. She likes her children (go) to a dentist every six months. 2 See ani nce ere Pegi lly pe ag a.3 amon, mprorrivs, fe panrierrant 4. Aa inatrucor coming show) us how fax) the aqualung 15, Five no tention ogo) tht frm Leiba) ‘ny four acts ruched pt = G9) tages eephoe) the honpla bore tthe pce Ey fr ham 12, After (be)'The condone I decided (oot ‘tr for the competion 15. Some people seen(hve) a paon for (wre ¥ the news me 1 He ep renee) by eturn but T have no intention of ‘con 15. roertoi) ‘him but he refused {be pacified) and went on. ‘grunt 36, By (oe) homous wage ei persuading me (eae thie et eta Gol tr nearmne mee) 1 He geo decison ti was 100 ate (Go) 18, Imagine (ave up) a ge am: evry day! va Te orgs) it worry ht 2. There is no point ip (emain) ia a dangerous, place if you aurea see ts ere wl esa 21 The hare won't be well eougi(cun) in tomorow ree Mic doses sehfe aoc) fam i ag use. eB Abie Teng ft) to hin but afer «wile goed ‘cf (hea he sae tory agen snd sen. 25 Teg umaly eile) a sujet By (ea Boake than by ‘ool ee ou) bad tl 1 woulda be safe (ta) down now: wel av (a) pepe eee Zon 25, After (incon) the mates for an tour the commitee ale ousted witht (ave ached) ay decion 26,18 not mich we (have) bieyle Ifyou don't know how "a 127 He did't dave) the house Beane he wan aiid of {encet fdmeone wo might (recognize) hit. 28 1 istinetlyremembl? (pay) hm. T gave him £2 213ae.3 cESUNp, HrmrTive,.fe PARPICIFLES Did you semeniber (ge) him the ey ofthe ae? © ROTC pled toitaoee nk Please forgive me for interrpt) jou but would you mind cei fe (oe , 3% Hn mya wants eu tT never have time fg) to he eden {® He made sot of money by (bay eke in advance and (el) = ‘hum fr vice te rcs on he dy ofthe mate. 4. She mabe out ofthe room witout (g48)Boe 4 chance we 34 He keeps (ak) me the time and T keep (el) in Quy) Fil Sench 45. He mua tury th cis owiehe ine in agit pti) fs wes ee 36. 1a ate) ene a woeano when edt ~ aS) Gerund and Infinitive @ Chapters 22 and 23, Aer fie cis sometimes poe oe ther gerand iti ‘Neca te tenth te be slight Seese in pleton ike} gerund () wally eas enjoy Freeing} ly ugliest the acon isa per ‘ormel eg. Tite nang enjoy tating (and 8 sat). ike inftv (6) as more the sng a aprove of, ike 2 0) ‘the idea or habit’; inte afoative ies no ndeation oto : ‘whether the action is performed or not and 'Setbepne ines tan no px Fed co. ‘di ie ying it wuay mean, ei i, wing © ut didnt like fo say it, ‘usually means, ‘I didn’t say it (beaue tid scm ight or ee 4 “he dation, operetta pth shove mete cd ass wh ay Se ally be hed bat Ca aoe "Rite yrs a eke in gerund ein 1, Lused Pride) alot but F haven't hada chance (do) any since acaien (Gries, Would you ene) wth me next ine? +. Mont gone perpen) mone (eu 5: Teeter eed a he hi ple) £ iSkee go rete en) ts ary owe £ Tie teen) wt ogee) i ay in he ‘at : DOwiry bo youkeep (look) ack? Ave you afraid of (be) followed? 7- Do you remember (post) ile letter? oe Teams er ep reese “8. Did eerie ck the doe? Ree eee (tt aom 44 Yous een you fe me bo Tega | {Gers im. You bare) be 111. I'm for (go} nothing till the police arrive. They don’t like you Gerd es aa i va: He anv ine ene) cite son nt ss Bt he ei te ae ae :3, Why dty ox I didn’t like (drink) it as T didn’t know what it was 14, Pim very sory for (bef ile. Te was good of yo wai) for me. 1 Tiesto ete moots bur Tee ed Thylsiline yall of bcd botchvge 6 Dao ie (en real ote 17 She el (oo) eager comspndene nd (at) ut any str ta you Bd igen eb le Soa ‘ion spp oe eter ae fa al 38, He took to (get i) early and (wall nly Aout the hovse aPa. 3 CERUND, INFINITIVE, & PARTICIFLES 15, I liked (listen) to the wiedas much better than (wate) television. 20. The car began (make) an extraordinary nose so I stopped oes) what it was ‘You'l never regcet (64 Rind action. : Sie decd (gat) broken plas on top of wal (neve dei ge) bes . sy Myr ey ch ye ee of te at ‘SIT CS Ret Ge eo a He ep a cafe etn nde ae ae ee he Fi 125." We ‘got tired of (wait!for the weather (clear) and finally ea el ee ie ao ae 2 yo oe a7, T suggest (lave) the ear here and (sends breakdown van oe io ee oy ee @ spt teen aera 9 1 rte etc each ek Tcl De ites a Jp. She china abel) the frre by (ee ito er . ‘crystal ball, = ‘gt He never thinks of (get)/Sut of your way; he expects you Bae ah aah me) k pees oa tin you wat Bees eee “eae hn of the ng ut 38 Te Ba hale ben)in the econ toe ng of te re any re wy ashy 9 a ie pen i area ieecgre tia as Lanes aaa bon) oe 35:1 Meat ro he “ go 10 aero yg ty etl a oe) ths (ay a ms PB. 3 GERUND, INFINITIVE, & PARTTCIFLES 16 Infiitive, Gora, ind Present Particle plata ‘Th erie loco ol i fe he ed Fe opty pre ped Sa ret eee ele pra re ole Jancis Sera es Siti sate ited a he as oe ee peas fl dee) be abet 2. The snow kept (fall) and the workmen grew tired of (try)“*~, il * S Tf we hadn't had thi puncture wee) home by now. ‘You (carry) the dog, ‘ey wel People were wating bu the bus di’ to ei ponabie hat) fl - ‘We went ailing on ake i » London pak. think i was ‘he Serpentine 1k (rot bd) the Serpentine, Theze aren't any sling boats ei ay ae Regents ru ne“ “HE Lok, there’ tree sight acon the road! Socthere Ite) blown down bythe gale Ist ight. ‘Thisbuilding (fished by the end of lst yer, (= thi wat the pln) but there Rave een ao stany siikes (aa aE had ye. hich was unneeeary. He can walk 1 the tempest hadnt struck them they (reac) the top next aay, 164 4. 5 6. 2 2. -. 2 3 8 » 1% 46. zo. § AUXILIARY VERBS ‘You (ro) the road by the subway. (but you diay Te isa pty you (not bring) your kite. Iti just the day for Tre. Tei posible hat (te) mistaken, Tat on a seat in th park and now my coat is covered in ‘The pain (be) et We stood on London Bridge and watched it opening t et ship tnough ‘You (ote) of London Begs. Tt dossn't open. You () on ober Bridge now she was in Beene I eard the wizelen, bu he didn’t open the dor. ostbly she (ot Bear) the bel Ifyou bad told me cat you were ia London 1 (put) you up. Gis would have bess posi) If they had gone any furter they fall) oer a preps He (check) that his brkes were working propery. (but he ‘an ‘You (apologis),which was not necersey. 1 cant think why they didet try help him, Isis posible thgt they (nt relist) that he as drowning. He (than). (we are fended that he did 1(go)on Tuesday (= thiswasthe plan). Buton Tuesday Thad ‘ errible cold =0T desided to Wa tll Wednesday. ‘You (warm) him thatthe ice was dangerous. (but you didn’) you bad kept quiet nobody (haw) anything about i ‘You bought anew one, which wasn't neceary Teould have Tent you mine ‘As soon as [switched on my new electri cooker there was ‘an explosion. ‘Thre (6) something wrong witht 165EXERCISES 6 INDIRECT AND PASSIVE VOICEI Indirect Speech: Statements © ted 295-285; nde 296-7, 285 1, Stents are aed wo ane eat thee cetenoes ae Spoken 4d reported om different dae, Ta wil ean tat wentence {ch a: He sd, am eoming tomorow wil become: He sid Sis nec en nd ut applies tl he ences on indict speci ths bok 2. Withee peesh, hen the psn sadreced penton, {cil is more usual shan any tos a ntoducony vbr ig He tld me that he tas ging exny the net day i more usta ha’ He id ome that he so ay thet Put the following into indirect spec: Pi) Thaw sein o show you’ 16S her. 1 CBE Nothing grows in my garden Te eben sn, Tm going away onrrow, mothe, hea. Gf ve been in London for 3 month but so fe T haven't had nto vit he Tower, aid Rapes 4 “Tao foggy today twas yesterday? I cemartd 1 “The new underpass i being ofiialy opened the day afer 2, toot al the BB. amauta G.Werhave moved ito our ew dat. We dn’ ike it ney so much ne or lt on sd mya We havea ft bt very often it dose't work they a 9, ‘From one of the windows of my st I can aoe the Eile "Tower sid my Hed zo, ‘Tee 9 ea what che time i but 1 dil 193 and id out? ‘hid hi dupe He sid, My wife ha just been mae a judge? MY come with you ws son Tam ready she repli. 33. ‘havea German owen this afternoon and haves doe iy Somovodk yo id the smal oy. 188 ssid, 1. 2 a5. 2, pao, 6 mnpinscr arepeH & PASSIVE VOICE ‘IE you let the ir get too hot you will scorch your clothes?” ‘rarsed het. You haven't pid me quite enough. The bili for x4 guiness Ghd you'velpid me only Lrg be poimted out, ‘Ann si, ‘Englishmen sake good husbands because they ‘re ney lays wiling to ep in the house” Mary enowered, like men tobe etl but 1 dn’ ike them to'be to domestcsted. I peter them to keep out of he Htcen atgeter: Nes tk sly in aprons anyway? Report: Thi ar rune so ie that ll you can hea the king of the lock “Manage: In tat case el have to do something about the coc ‘don't kaow what to do with all my damsons. I syppoee Til hove to mae jam, ‘The trouble ie that noone in my aly ents jar she si, “We like wotking on Sundays because we get double pay? pained the builders. He suid, "Tam quite a good cook and T do all xy own washing tnd mending 100" “You can kaep that one if you like, Joan, she sai ve got plenty of ethers "Tm ging ching with mother thie afternoon," sad the small ‘Dok apd we are going into the garden now tig foe ‘You've got my umbrella’ T sid erosly. "Yours bedroom. “Tinow exactly what they uid the private detective explained fo hig len, "because T put a ape-recorder under the ible? “Vat p sl sbe comes in, but T hope she won't be late? said Me Pic “Ifyou give me some wire, TL mend the fase for you sid ‘my oun ‘Taye 2 Tuskish bath ocasonally, but it does't seem to make any diference toy weight she sid 16 in youreo. 6 mornecr spexce & PASSIVE vorce 2 Indirect Speech: Statements ® ste 295-7, 285; and e967, 385 Toner which donot ehene who diet ch Becomes indict. Er ieseee tr easjeeges fiat tena all yr tems remtin unthanged fee 370) a 3 Se asa woeatoag esse cheb Za aS Se erp ght Fo cy em cae: He a ht he ped we Me bes og a Fee oe ino th pnt prec Cones nn PEE a etc il anges ters eer emerener erro chai Seated Aes mo rar ccaeani agit aanleessins eames fase Cony eee ‘would rather-+-past tense reins unchanged, had better--infinitive remains unchanged," xo. 6 mpiazcr spExoH & PASSIVE voIcE vv tn nw ecb i ec the house because I had lost my key, #0 I 2 thr bens Gera pene meee us ons reel 5 eee aa Te wy renee Tit ala adn, een ence unas 1 eerie eu pk we eth ota ee 6 ppengeingyr ei ty eed est 1 Wee eat ol he Mie te ame aaa ae noes eas sea eer a de set mt dad nd eno ey ei 2 ee rec tcimabaathae “ny eta se Wace ep ape Te vr ny Bt era ioe er ec kt ot i he Seer ac as ar SLY Se ewe seers! moi TS amare te oer de Fe Sd, ene, Me es se sea se sete spr eat eee wa ge eat Se RSL a eta ent enbe6, m. 28, ». 3 35. 26. 2 Pano. 6 inprazer sruseu & Passtve voror fold ap Snead to gt wed to new pope? (ave ‘mustn't unchanged) = ao “The sak overdone asi. Pinot complaining; Tm jst pag Sone a A woe: Tm “Tey coulda open the sfe onthe sot so they eared it ey hah the ght mths peed, ‘Uyou saw my fhe, you'd ecogniae him st ne He i the ost xy ig he id me "found an lf Rose xin the den ystednyhe ‘and Tim going t take to the muscu this ahernomn’ 1 said got out of ty bot, lavng the engine rn ie Sing sanding on he gy the gs sd es nd the tet heat stage out of harbour with no one on board.” a ss ‘Then Machuth nts sy, ‘Thave don the ded” ‘he adverivament ai Tyo arang tee loge in Ce era th une iy brthe sd "You may take ny eet You he. T shan’ ‘be needing it tomorrow or the day after. mm “Yeseiay Tom and et foo at house dha bo wat ‘lng og om mer a pe hoe sod alt lori iden but Tom deed gue boas: ad oppo s cometary nis Ca eli My ile wants wake ao bt rae “T don’ know what yon athe wl sy when he ee what» ‘mtn your puppies ave tae of is ve pod et ‘said my mother. ae “Ws high tine you psd your tas Tam fied of dv round with an L-plate infront of the ea my ate eid, He si TE pen my eau the al ca eat wat ‘the people in the next flat are saying,’ a ‘pao. 6 1pinsor arzzeu & PASSIVE vorce 3 Indirect Speech: Questions © ast eds: 295-8; ond 2 296-8 Du the following int indirect speech: Wiiy are you looking through the keyhole? Tedd. Who put salt in my coffee?” he asked. ‘Which of you knows how to make Irish stew? sid the chief ‘00k, Om di you travel fist class?” I asked him. “2 sFlow ean I posubly run inthis tight skirt?’ she inquired. 6. ‘What is your new house like? I asked them. ‘7. He ssid, ‘Where am I supposed to go now? 8. ‘Whose ear did you borrow last night? I said to hi. 9, ‘What was she wearing when you saw her last” the policeman asked me. te ‘Who owns this revolver?” sid the detective. 1 "Where were you lastnight, Me Jones? he sid, 12. What ele did you se?" asked the boy. (Cp lave you done th ear of work ee ai Hs ew employe. Tine on the chart” the ocuist asked er. GQ Senter “Did they understand what you sid to them?’ he inquired. Gyr you beng etended to, sit” sid the sap asta. “F."Will you go on auzke when the others do? the shop steward faked him. 18, ‘Do you sce what I aee, Mary? st the young maa, to ‘Who lee the banana skin on the froat doorstep?” sid ray socher 20. ‘lave you gone completely mad?" Tatke, ‘Do you want ‘iow usa wp? 21. Why is is hou 0 fl of large feather couche? she sted "Wes sate a pyehitrt?” caao.6 morxer spexcn & Paisivs voice 12% ‘hre you leaving today or tomorrow moran? and his sectetany. 25. ‘lo fag ie? Ta, stow long wl ihe me 0 get ‘4 ‘Could I speak to Mrg Pitt" sid the cle. ‘Tim afraid she's out” said the an pair gi. ‘Could I take 25, ‘Are you sorry for what you did he mother eked the ile ¥ 26, ‘Are you going tse him ofa the station” Task her. 27. ‘Would you mind if T ooked inside your bag, Madan? ‘2d te poleeman, ae 28. ‘If someone fel at your fet foaming st the mouth would you iow wat odo a the sutton Fiat Gd 4 Indirect Speech: Questions o Bi ek 275-95 and oe 6-9 1. Be careful of questions begining shall (ee 279) 2.Yes and ONG snawers aie ustly exposed 2 radiect, speech bythe subjec'-theapproprite salary ver 4 He aid, ‘Do you like it? She ad, "Yes" “5 He atked her she tied ie and she ed that ehe di Put the following int indirect speech: % Aeyo gig oletnen oe you” dogma. 2 ‘Did you go to France for your holidays after al or dd vay at Home? he sed be. ™ 4 ‘What shall Ido with your mail when you are sway? asked iis landlady. Shall 1 foemaed 44 ‘What would you wish for if wird suddenly appeared and ‘offered you ther wis? sid the small oy. {Shall T ever understand women? he sed hime “Will you be here for the nex ten minutes?” she sid, ‘Yes Tanewered. 1% pac.6 INDIRECT SPEECH & PASSIVE VOICE 1. ‘Could 1 lose five kilos in one week? the fat woman ssked. ‘No said the doctor, 5. Sha Tak her wat? disse “Area't you tired of living ia an ice-box? seid the television 9 “Meche "Why don't you ital our centr heating to. ‘Haven't you gota teevinon set? he weds ‘Nov sald. Nobody in or wilage has got one NOL tour nasa bck pce? be 1, ‘Woulatt you lik to lok tn yarn younger” sid my hace ree. Nor T replied 15, “Shall I ell him what happened? she sid ‘or shal Ty othiog? ; vg oo km Tih Why den ona or voles? 15, "Have you good heating and sight? the form asked so do Sow adeno Dv p ‘know anybody inthis are or enuld you get reference M+ Peet your previous adage asked me 15: “Tlave you ever been convieted of driving while under the Vrfuenceof drink? sb ated his. ‘Noy he ad 46, "De you ave many suicides in your county? Do you think 6 De Tietss came? the malate ake. sn. "Do youthink the fos going to gethicker and what bal we Cae ats eso hs ole the aad walt home ‘athe unde 18, “Would you lie to see ore the Rouse or are you more A Metered inte garden she thd me " 1. ‘Would ou ike to wae or would ou eather come b ‘9: Womocou? sid the oficial. so ‘Shall Te tine? he ake hal ooking at his watch Br Pee jn recved ny en's school report; would you ik © sit heated sno! Tai usPo, 6 inpinscr spezcx & passive voice 32, ‘Wil you be able to guide me or shall T being a map? be 25. ‘Shall we ever ses each other agin’ he si 24. "When you dn' ikea fim do you stay tothe end or walk cut ia the middle? she weds? 25. ‘What makes you think Smith is ging to resign? Has he told you so or are you oly guesing? Would you like to ake ‘ver his job asked my eolleguc. 26, ‘Do you init sty in ee se? SalI open the window? 27. "Did you hese a terrible erm shout 5 am. thie morning?” ssid my hor "eT stds "What as it? 28. you had tobe an aia’ Ted be, bat nia wo ‘you choose to bei? wt woud 5 Indirect Speech: Commands © st es 29§-7, 980-35 ond es 296-7, 280-4 Pt the following nto indizet speech: He sid, ‘Get out of my way.? ‘Climb in through the window’ he ordered. ‘Please pay atthe desea the assistant. ‘Open your bag, pleas, suid the store detective: ‘Dost wor aout sething, Mov Pit sid he sto. ‘Don't use bent coin in lot machin I advised him. ‘Bollow that car,’ the detective said tothe taxi-divee. “Washi in nkewacm water’ recommended the aitant=- ‘Flav confidence in ey urged the doctor “Take me up tothe 33d flor, he ead to the itman. 1. ‘Read the notice about Lfeeaving equipment, advised the HBenee newer 196 ao. 6 ipimgcr srapcn & passive YoloE 12, ‘Always cook with bute,’ ssid her mother, ‘never use ‘margarine 1g. ‘Dow argue with your Sater’ Tid, 4. ‘Don’t make # sound” he eid ina whisper 15, ‘Wit for me the bridge, said the young man, 36. ‘Dog oo mich wach Tadic ht, an aid ok x. ‘Don’t say anything to make her angry. said my father. 18, Notioo: Pease do not ask st the desk for pennies fr tee- phone calls, 19, "Dont forget to feed the golds, said her daughter 20. ‘Got your dog a bigger basket he ai 21, ‘Write to me a often as you ca,” suid his wife, 22, "Put your pistol on the table sid the cook. 25, ‘Plsse find mea seat in a non-amoker,’ aad the travel, 24, ‘Don't forget your sandwiches” said his mother. 25. ‘Don't go near the water, childcen,’ she side 26, ‘Search the house, sid the pole sergeane. 27, ‘Don't make mountains out of mole he aid. ‘8 ‘Ply for your life. Alli discovered’ said the mesage, 6 Indirect Speech: Commands © aot ee 295-7, oa and 276-7, aon or the following into indict spech 1. Make good ue of your ime. You wot gt auch an eppore ‘sy agen fe a tou ms 2. ‘Don't wait il tomorron’ sid che adverhement, ‘poet the ‘coupon today 4. ‘Bevery eaeful eoasing road she sid, ‘and remeber that they drive on the lef in Bnglnd, 4 ‘Tean'ropen it, You havea ty, Pte,’ he sid, , 7oa 15 6 n 8, a 3 3s Pa. 6 INDIRECT SPEECH & PASSIVE VoICE "Go and got me a paper, and come stght back,’ he sid “Someone's coming. Get into the cupboard she ei ‘Give way to kali approaching fom your right the road ‘sign warned. ‘Please send whatever you can spre, All contributions wil ‘be acknowledged immediatly ssid the secretary of the refugee fund, ‘Wear a wig and no one will know who you ary’ advised in: ‘Don't bathe when the red flag i fying” sid the lifeguard "Don’t forget to thask Mr Jonea when you are saying good- ‘bye to hey suid hs mother. ‘Watch the mille and dont let it bol over,” he sid "Don’t sheer under a tre i athunderstomy he sid, “The ‘ee might be struck by lightning” "Pur the message into a bottle and throw i into the ea sid ‘iy companion on the eat. "Read for youl i you don't beer what Tsay be “Stop that dog, he's got my slipper!” shouted my mother. "Don’t drive to ft or the baby be sick; abe said to her ‘husband. “Do mete cafes it tronge? Tg ims teiy ea lt ight” . ‘Do omen ns ju std shu he i ome “Bel thn Do yout gone ba? she “Don'ttske your costo Weare ging ou gui ina moment,” he to him, “Stand by the window and tall me if anyone gos into the house opposite he sid ‘Don't move wll the policeman waves you on, suid the driving instructor. ‘Don't touch it. You wil make it worse’ he tld me. "Be careful the steps are very slippery,’ T warned him. v8 726.6 Inpinser srercn & PA 26. Abi wing ink! id eal nt morment si hep, rummaging fra pene. ‘Now could you repent that please 27. "Tal them not to work to fst? ani the workman. ‘If we nis before st we sha’ gt any overt’ 28, ‘Prepare to meet your doom, The end ofthe words at hand? sald the placard 7 Indirect Speech: Commands with Ut— Clauses and Time Clauses o ait eds 295-7, 299-825 and ds 276-7, 279-81 ‘Commands with if clauses o time ses, ‘I gets cold give him another blanket? "When gota dark light the lantern and hang it out’ can be expesied in indizece speech either 1. by tel ifinisive-iftime clause (uuily in tha ord) ‘eg, He told me o give er another lana i tg cold. Told him to ight ds lantern, ety, when it got da, of 2 by aay [a tt time awe He id the ge cold Tas ool ie Td tat when gorda Re wos ttl ih ‘Was to exprene definite comand; auouldimplis sic Pot the along ints indict ape "He sid "When you ae nt Butcher’ remember ge tone rhe oe? 2. She snd Ty fe int at down and put your head etwecn your Ene? 4 TET nd your purse what all I do with ee wid “Keep lyon ses me agin Tee 4 She fhe rive be eck hi omaing 19‘rao. 6 INpinscr seueou & Passive VOICE “AE anyone rings vp, she sd, say that Tl be back shorty? ‘When you are ving always lookin your diving mieror ‘before tiring right said my instucio. “Tf you go out leave the key under the mat’ she mid ‘you think the oom cold shut the windows sid my aunt. “TE you fee only any time ring me up he wid “IE she dosn't want cabbage ak eri she'd ike some x= ower e sd te 11. “E you have a puncture get the car of the roed on to the ‘verge. Dont fee ion the motr-ay elf my fae. 22, ‘IETam ot back by hi tie eomorzow take chi eter to the oie he sid 13, ‘When you see Ms Dit don't forget to take off your exp’ ssid the mothe to the small boy. 14 ‘When the Bel igs tke the meat ut ofthe oven’ my sister id 415. ‘TE you are taken prisoner sd he ofcer, ‘give your name, SN anand number but refue to snewer ay ther quesone! 16, ‘When you hear the fie alarm, shut all windows and ownuais a quicy a posal sd the schoolmaster” 1. "Ite lif should sop between two oor press the emergency ‘buton, he aid 18, "Before you allow anyone to we the Turkish bath remember to ae him fhe haa weak hear said the vento atendat 8 Indirect Speech: Suggestion end Commands with Let o and ed.: 282 a otal Lap analy become: though (npr a ey ht tow Qe nace da a tee Sou pst erin ce = on Bees ao. 6 inpinier spa He sai, Lats oto can bo expressed by any ofthese construc- fio in the nepatie; ut auggest-Pnegstne gerund Mighty ip ual hn the ther and en replaced by he) ne He as against pagina the ieaagains it oc He was spore othe deaf oppor the da, te. 2rd person imperative “He ai, ‘Lot them go, can becore (@) he gpd tht they should gouged their going ‘but ioually it expres an oblgnion and becomes: (@) he vid that thy shold goons 1 0. ‘Very oceasonally it expreses a command and becomes (6) esi tha they weet go. ‘2d person suggestions ‘These are usually made with suggest or with suck phrases ag: “unpte yo go Wy dt Jou go? fat about yon ging cern indirect spech these Become: he mgesed that F should elnggeited my gongladvied met 0. Lets alo an ondinary verb meaning allow. ‘Let ne po the boy wid the plies "The boy asked the policezsn to lee him go. ut the fllowing into indirect speech 1. 'Lat’s goto cinema sid An, 2 The poitcian aid, ‘Let us show our constituents that we ae ‘worthy oftheir conidence” (use urged). 5 Leta ny pa te ge tights mote ged the 1 fe passive vorce 4 ‘Preoe foroy for tn yer ei thea. Whe soot Fring me ate? 5 ‘The pie fer sid ‘Let’ lene th mcd ea bare for tie Ie iay remind othr doves be more acl 6. ‘Tye holed you erry tine up tom mid hi cher “Why nt you ty todo te tony youre 1 Ten oe pest tat na de ede.‘ nde 38Po, 6 INpINECT aPRECH & PASSIVE VOICE * 8, "Tom made this mes. Let him clea it up’ sid hi father 9, ‘Get yourself same new clothes’ T suggested 10. ‘Tea go with you today aid the guide, ‘but suppor you Seofouelte! Tee jue el ote? 7 an, Lets give a party said Ano. "T2ts Bog er abana 12, Tai Lets not jomp to conchins, Let's wait til we Feat confirmation of this ramout . 1 ‘Suppose you sop working now and goto bed?’ be aid, 3 YOU be ch arin fhe morning 14, Let the nations forget their diferenees and. work together fox peace sid the preacher. 1, ‘Let me exphin’ she tid, ‘Don't be in auch a hur.” “atthe eilren ply in the garden if they want to she told fer gerdener. Ln oure they wos't do any harm 1. ‘Lets stay here il the storm han pase,’ Tsai. 18. ‘Tes the government's fuk. Let them do something about it) grumbled my father 9 Indirect Speech: Must, Needn’t, and Have to ” 286 ‘Must, 1 person “T rnust” can resin unchanged but uuily becomes had to though would have to bette foram obligation which as only Js froen or ikely to arise fa Ue future tp. Reading the letter he eid, ‘Good htavens! T mat go at ‘once He sai ‘If she gets worse I must stay with her! ‘These would become respectively: “He aid that he'd have zo go, and: He ssid that hed Rave 1 sy ‘Most 12 ually Becomes had to AVanust noe wally enaine unchanged. 1 ae.6 Inpinxcr sPtcH & PASSIVE Yoree Mast, 2nd aid srd person “Youjhe must wrully resins unchanged, ‘Afustyoujbe? onal Becomes had 6 ‘Youyhe must not remains unchanged or becomes weren't opwasnt to. ‘Must used for permanent commands or prohibitions oF to ‘expres advice slays remain unchanged, ‘Must used to expren deduction never changes, Neode't “Tneeda't’ can change to didn't have to}woulda’t have to in the same way tht T must changes to had tofwould have t, bt i very often remains unchanged. ‘Youjhe needn't wally remains unchanged. ‘Need Tyoujber remaine unchanged or becomes had to Have to Forms with have to follow the usual rule, Remember that “had to in dzet speech wll become had had to in indset. ‘eg, He ssd, “After the lecrre Thad to rush home “Ee sid that alter the lecture he had ad to cus home, ‘Pu the following into dizer speech 1 He sid," what you say i true T must go to the plica” 2 He said, 'T most be a the dock asx a.m. tomorrow.” 4. ‘Most you make such a noise” he asked, 4 "You mosta't come ia without knocking,” he tld us. "Your deka wil cost £57 Tsai In that ease” said my nephew, ‘T must go to the bank 6, Pack notice: Dogs most be kept 0 lead 7. Win ther sid, "le must work harder next term! "You needn't come in tomorrow” said my employer. "Take the day of 9. ‘T most go to the dentist tomorrow, he sid, ‘T have an sppointment| Bspao. 6 txnrancr srazcn & Fasstv2 vorce " zo, Notice: Pasengers must not lean out ofthe window. 11, He said, “There must be someone in the house; there's ‘smoke coming from the chimney." 12, Shai "When you ae aig boy sow ae toe your own 13. Port wine must never be shaken,’ my wine-merchan si, 14, “He haea't had anything to eat since Breakfat; he must be starving che sid 15, The official ead, ‘Phe pssport, photo n't like you at all "You must have anche ane taken? 16, "You mut’ play with knives, children sid their mother 17. ‘Lncedn't get up sil nine tomoron’ Tid. 1B, Notice on exclatore: Dogs and pushchairs must be cared 1, ‘How did you get your bulldog up the exalstor? Ts ‘Tearied him/ said To “You mas be very strong” Tad admiingly. a0, “You mustn't tell anyone what I've jut told you’ she eid ‘Need Tet ital, mommy? mid the cid "Yen, der, yo thst she ald a ‘had to deve your pgs ou of my garden,’ abe si 25. ‘Sa dnl mt bela the de dh rte 24, ‘Mae you do tall tonight? Coulda’ you Teave some for + Molo hed ba v 25: When you go dough geo you mut ete ape be 26. He aid, ‘You mort walk faster, you ae far to low? 27 "You mnt’ forget to pot the tarp on o your fiend wil vet py double poeage’ old me. 28, “Lend ell you how gett Tam Be aid 184 Po. 6 INDINBCT SPEECH & PASSIVE YoreR 10 Indirect Spoech: Sentences with Will and Shall, Would and Should o Chapter 28 and §§ 224-33 ‘Pat the following into indice speech . 1. He sid, ‘Will you come to tea on Monday” "Tha vey och Si ove ake in 2. ‘Will you haye another eup of coffee? sid Ann, "No, thank? Tas 43: Notice! Ta the event ofan emergency an slam bell wll bé ‘ung and all pansengers wil seemale at their espective ccibly point seven" be said. ‘Shel be at home now. What about ioging her up? "Take then eters othe pot, will ou, he sid ‘and st he door a you go ost 6 ‘Will you help me or shall T stk someone else?” he si 17. "Wil you help me, please? she wi, "Tenn iftit by myule? TE he ane me where you ae what shall I say? sid the “Tal him Tve gone aay on bate sid her employee 9. ‘Whece shall weal bein ten year’ time?” he sad, xo. "The miliman i at the door. Shall I pay him? she sid, 1, ‘Te broken the teapot Ann gave me for Christmas, What hal doy shes. “Should try to get mended Tid (advised 12, ‘Would you miod moving your ear? he said. 15, ‘What sal I doi heen tet mein” he si ‘Wet note and ph i under the doo’ T replied 14 ‘WII you by gue fora went ide expert 185ao. 6 inpinsor erence & Passive vores «15. Would you mind cooking your own supper tonight sid ‘ny ladlady 16, “Look a thin dreadfl lester, How shall Tanewer i ahe sid “Yehoulda' answer at all’ Load 17, Police announcement: Will anyone who saw this accident please get in touch with Scotland Yard 18 “If you will Kindly sit down the fortune-teller wil be with you ina moment, the gil said Ir Indirect Speech: Mixed types (4) tod: Chapter 28; ond ed Chapter 28 (specially 283-4) Balamation te. ‘Some exclamation can be changed into indizect speech by merely adding a verb fog. Heaig, What a pity He aud cat i was a pity He said ‘How marvelous” He sud Ut as marvellous, (thes can Best be expressed by: He exclaimed with dlghthorrr/urprise, et. He geve an exclamation of delighyioror, cc. Note He sid, “Thank you.” He said, Curse de fog Hi eid, ‘Good morning! He chased me He carsed the fo He gested me)wathed mea good ‘ening. Heat, ‘Happy Christman’ He wished moahappy Christmas Heid, Congratulation” He eongratlted me He aud, ‘Lise Hi called mea lis Put the following into indirect speech, avoiding as far as possible the verb aay and sing instead such verbs as: hope, Explain, protest, beg, ask, congratulate, interrupt, warn, freet, give, introduce, remari lavite, threaten, point out, {nist offer, refuse, accept, curse, advise, assure, answer, agree, admit, ee. 1. Ho sid ‘Don't walk on the ie it i safe? 186 aete 8 4. 1s 6. co 18, “Have a cigarette, 0,6 INpInger apexcH & PASSIVE VOICE ‘Mise Brown, this is Miss White. Miss White, Miss Beown," he a. “Here's five pence. Go and get yourself an ie-eeam,’ I sid ‘lease, pleas, do as Isa,’ sai, JET were you I'd pretend tobe il for fortnight’ aid ‘Tom: Fl pay. Ann: Oh no, you musta ‘Torn: 1 inst 0a ping. "Come ia and look round. There ix no abigntion to buy? sid dhe shopkeeper he sid, ‘No, thank replied. ‘Cure this map! e's led me wrong agai,’ he sid ‘Gould you come to dinner tomoerow night?” he asked *Thanks very much; P'd lve to" “Could you show me how to work it? I'm not used to eeciie ‘ypemriters”she sid “You pressed the wrong button,” sid the mechanic, ‘Don't do again. You might have nasty accident ‘Wha ance Now TU het do love aps be “Suppose you children go out foes nice long walk she sid ‘Haray, I've paged my exam!" he ered. “Congratulations! Tai “Abways be polite to people you pasa on the way up,’ the old oltiian advised the young Giploma, “in cise you tet vem again on your way down." ‘Many bappy returns of your birthday,’ we fi “Thakeyou? sid the boy. “You never listen to your mothe’ she aid ina complaining ‘One, and i's abit hard afterall the eouble ve bad Boge ing you up." “Welcome hore, my dea sid his wie. ‘Bat up your nice ice pudding,’ she urged. “You'l never rom big and steong if you don eat properly.” She sid ‘Tl give you £5 to keep your mouth shut” x6 mprnner sPnreMt & PASSIVE Vorce “an, ‘Let's wait here till the rain stop she sd, 23, ‘Care this ip-fastener Tee stuck agin’ she exclaimed, 24, ‘If the boys do anything clever you cll them your sons” ‘sd Mer Smith complaningly, and they do anything ‘opi you eal them ine” ae 25, "Do you know tht the shoes ou ace wesrng area pir? “Yet Te in sony thi moc and thew were the ‘nly ones Teould finds te sil 26, “What about going fora swim he sid ‘It's quit fine now? 27. ‘Ugh There's a yg in my Lette, Waiter! he ied. 28. ‘Nuh boy! tid i mother, youn Btn Sting opin” ‘Bue didn't sare i mther” tad the boy prowetagly. ‘ite he me ist” Pc 12 Indirect Speech to Direct Speech ° Chapter 28, Put the following nt dizect speech with the appropriate puncte 1 She asked i he'd like to go tothe concest and T sad that I ‘war sure he would 2 She told me took where Twas going ae the road wa full of Holes and very badly it 44 They sd that wile they wete bathing thay saw someone ‘Samining thir leben, “ 4 T asked if she had looked everywhere and she sid that she He suggested giving hers bottle of wine Hie sid that the new carpet had asived and asked where he swat pot 7 He said that evo days previously an enormous load of manure had been dumped at his front gute and that since then he ada’t bets able to got hi aout 188 4 6 1”. 8 8 % ‘ya. 6 spinner sPaecit & Pas ‘They offered me some more wine and T accepted. | He ai that f found the front door locked Twas to go ond tote back ‘She aked the burglars who they were and who had let them ins They tld er tot down tnd esp quit unless the ‘ranted fo ge hur ‘easked what the weather had been like during my holidays and Tsai that had been sal He suggested ging down wo the harbour and seting if they oul ire soot He aid that if T did't tke eseslators T could go up the energency earns I thanked hi ond sd th T wold rc ‘e suggested that‘Tom and I shoul go ahead and get the ‘ide He sad that be thought my electric iron was unsafe and dvised me to ave scent. “He mi tht if war broke out he would have to lave the ‘county at once 1 asked him ihe had enjoyed doing his military service and Theat at he hada She mid tha she was surprised to ace that the grandfather ‘lock tad stopped and bed if agone bad sin Sang wie She aid that she ad tied to ng up her mater several times fn the previous day but had fot suceeded In geting rough. {Tanke her if she'd ike to borrow the book but she thanked ‘pe sd ht ad ley ad ad ed egy moch “re wanted to Know fT was going to the dance and suggested ‘hat we should make Up a party and go together. Teal her to sap making a fs aout nothing and ‘he wan hacky to have got sets “The clerk inthe booking fice inquiced if wanted single return chet. Takeda return wa ay cheaper le Side made no diference 189 thatrao. 6 impregcr spzueu & Passive vorce "24. My employer hoped I would not be offended if he tld me ‘that, ins opinion, I would do beter in some other kind of i. 25, The A.A. man told the woman that if her wheels had gone a ‘couple of centimetres neaer the edge, the ear Would have plunged into the ravine 126, He suid I mustn't mind if ee Sst one wasn’t any good. 27, He asked the erowd if they thought that he wa a iar andthe ‘sow shouted that they di 28, The old sailor stopped a man in the steet and aked him to listen to his story. ‘The man asked if t would take long ‘explaining that he wat on hia way ta wedding, 13 Passive Voice: Active to Passive o chapter 27 Pt the fllowing into the passive voce. The agent should not be mentioned except in numbers 4,7, 28 ‘7. You should open the wine about thre hous before you uit 2 Previous climbers had cut step inthe ice and fixed a rope. 3 Somebody had cleaned my shoes and brushed my suit. 4 We heat the room by electricity. (Omit we) § Youmostnot hammeemailinto the wal without permission, 6 In some discs farmers ute pig to nd tues 7. Someone switched on ight and opened the doo. 4, Somebody had slashed the picture with a knife, 9. They ae pulling down the old theatre. xo, Why didn’t they mend the oof before ell in? 12, The local boys have broken all the windows in the new beary. 12, The librarian auld chat they were starting a new system ‘eesse people were not returning book. 15, The pliesoed each of us about his movements onthe night ofthe eee 190 Po. 6 mepimacr spaxcw & 7 14, Someone will serve refreshments 15, People must not leave bicycles inthe bal, 136, Members may keep books for three weeks. After that they um eed the \/2p, "Th burglar ad et an enormou bole in the steel oot 38. ve bought are deliveing i thi afternoon, {ond change te nesta) 1g, Somone bar lay told him to sept for duty tsi 20, People thre rotten eee end bags of sot 21. No one can do anything unlew someone gc ws more “nfomaton 23, People are spending fr more money on food now than hey spent ten ous mo 25. Theis wil ei he punting teen of he ‘They will say nothing more about the mater if someone returns the salen gu 2g, tin hgh ime someone told him to stop behaving ike child 26, A thit stole my dog and brought him back only when T offered {20 reward for him. 27. The judge gave him two weeks in which to pay the ne. 28, Moles make these lite hill, £ 4 Passive Voice: Active to Passive © Chapter 27 Put the fllowing into the pasive, mentioning the agent where neces Whe ren nds an vet bjt mate he indict object the subject ofthe passive verb ‘og: They gave her a clock. She wa given a clock, 1, We foc the seals tice a day. 2. Who wrote it? aor13 4 Pe 1. re 28 1. 2s Pa 35. 2 = ‘pao. 6 anpmmucr spREcH te passive Voice Compare clothes which we have washed with lathes which ‘anyother laundry bas Washed, He expected ust ole hin the ob "They showed her the east way todo it Lightning struck the old oak. . Titian coulda’ have painted it se people dda’ weae that ‘ple of dress tl afer his death A jellyfish sung hee 5. The author has wrtian a ypc eton for cildrea, Tag edt cry et er aa proton git ja What dd he write it with? “He ote it with « matchtck dipped in blood. ‘An uneasy silence succeeded the shot. Did the ide interest you? ‘The lawyer gave himn the detail of his uncle's wil. Beavers make these dams. ‘They used to etart these engines by hand, Now they tart them by sect, ‘Most people opposed thi. Sedeats ate doing a lot ofthe work ‘The Prine Minister was to have opened the dry dock ‘They are to court-martial hi, ‘The dont of he workshops wll mak a of men run ‘Anyone with the smullest ateligence could understand these ‘We vl not admit children under teen. Boa of sixteon to eighten ae to man this taining ship. ‘A rsnstorm flooded the gypies” camp. ‘The howling of wolves kept him awake all night ‘They think thats scientist should teach scence but hat any So cn teach history Hears couldn’ have done this Beats don't eat peopl, (Make ‘uly the fet ves passive) 192 Pao. 6 iNpingcr sparen & passive vorce 15 Active to Passive with verb+ prepostion|adeerb combinations Co st a. 298; ad ed: 274,298 this exercise moat ofthe sentences conten a yerb-+ preposition ‘verb combination. ‘Dhe preposition or adverb aust be retain ‘when the combingtion is put into the paste. Tn most of the sentence itis not necsary to mention the agent 1. The government has eae out trope 2. Fog held up the tenn (Agent required) ': You ate to leave this eee. Someone wil cll for str oa. 4 We called inthe police {§ They didat loo after the children property. 6 They are lying in eeinforcements, 1. Than they called up men of 28. &. Byeryone looked up to him. (Agent required) ‘All the ministers wil see bien of a the wi nt pana por. (Age 1 He has’ slept in his bed 2, We ean build on more roams 12, They thew him out. 15. They wil have to adopt a diferent attitude 14. He's «dangerous maniac. They ought to loc him up. 45, Hee sary did't tae them in. (Agent required) 16. Burglar broke into the hour, 17. The manufacturers ate giving away an arial owe with ‘ach packet of cared 18. They took down the notice, 19, They frown on smaking ete. 20, After the government had spent 4 millon pounds on the 198