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Ol>$Ol>
JMS t {l ~l$ Ol>. Ol>MS {]l* ^ll# r$ P r$. As ^ll#

.$., ^ll# $r$ llO]l (square cm, square meter, cm2, meter2 A MS*y >$)
Ol> {]l*MS$ _ MS A>$ VS$$^l$M.
1 ^ll# $r$ = 10,000 ^ll# .$.
1 H = 100 ^ll # $r$
1 M>t$ = 10,000 ^ll# $r$
1 M>t$ = 2.47 GMS>$ ($]l*$V>)
1 GMS> = 4,046.85 ^ll # $r$
1 GMS> = 4,840 ^ll # VSg$
1 ^ll # O l $$ = 640 GMS>$
1 O l $$ = 1.6 MSZ $r$
1 sMS Ol$$ = 1.852 MSZ$r$
1 AVS$ = 2.54 .$.
1 Ayl$VS$ = 12 AVS$$ = 30.48 .$.
1 VSf = 3 Ayl$VS$$
^ll${
x y
100
= x+ y+
1. O l > = yl]l# lyl$

^l$r$tMl = 2 (yl]l# + lyl$)
(MS~)2 = (yl]l#)2 + (lyl$)2
2. JMS ^ll${ yl]l#Z x% ]l*$, lyl$Z y% ]l*$ ]l Ol>Z ]l^la ]l*$ >l
3. JMS ^ll${ yl$ MlZ JMS Ml]l$ x% _]lyl$, Ol> V> E^s
y Ml]l$ lWY^]l >l
=
100 x
100 + x
4. JMS ^ll${ yl$ MlZ JMS Ml]l$ x% lWY_]lyl$, Ol> V> E^s
y Ml]l$ ^]l >l
=
100 x
100 x
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E$
1. JMS ^ll${ ^l$r$tMl 28 .$., MS~ 10 .$. Al Ol> Gl?

l]l:
^ll${ ^l$r$tMl = 2 (yl]l# + lyl$) = 28
yl]l# + lyl$ = 14
C$Ol# ]lY ^l
yl]l#2 + lyl$2 + 2 yl]l# lyl$ = 196
M> MS~2 = yl]l#2 + lyl$2 = 102 = 100
100 + 2 yl]l# lyl$ = 196
yl]l# lyl$ = 48
M>st Ol> = 48 ^l..$.
10k = 600
k = 60
2. JMS ^ll${ yl]l#, lyl$$ 3:2 Z E. ^l$r$tMl 600 $r$. Al Ol>

M>t$Z Gl?
l]l:
yl]l# = 3k $r$, lyl$ = 2k $r$ A]l$Ms,
^l$r$tMl = 2 (3k + 2k) = 600
yl]l# = 3 60 = 180 $r$,

lyl$ = 2 60 = 120 $r$.
O l > = 180 120 = 21,600 ^l.$. = 2.16 M>t $
3. ^ll${ yl]l#]l$ 50% _, lyl$]l$ 50% lWY Ol>Z ]l^la ]l*$ >l Gl?
l]l:
Ol>Z ]l*$ >l = x + y +
x y
100
l {M> x = + 50, y = 50
Ol>Z ]l*$ >l = 50 50
50 50
= 25
100
As Ol> 25% lVS$Yl$.
4. JMS ^ll${ $g]l$ M]lylZ JMS r$V> 5% GMS$P]lV>, ]l$MS 4% lMS$P]lV>

M^$. Al Ol>Z r$ >l Gl?
l]l:
l {M> x = + 5, y = 4
Ol>Z r$ >l = x + y +
5 4
x y
=54
100
100
= + 0.8
Ol>Z r$ >l = + 0.8% As Ol> 0.8% >l GMS$P]lV> ]ll*l]l#l$.
5. JMS ^ll${ ^l$r$tMl 60 $r$, Ol> 200 ^ll# $r$ Al yl]l#, lyl$ ]l$l
l?
l]l:
^ll${ ^l$r$tMl 2 (yl]l# + lyl$) = 60
yl]l# + lyl$ = 30 (1)
(a + b )2 4ab Al *{ A]l$_
yl]l# lyl$ = 302 4 200 = 10 (2)
ab=
(1), (2) ]l$_ yl]l# = 20 $r$
lyl$ = 10 $r$
yl]l# = 2 lyl$
As yl]l# lyl$]lMS$ st#.
^ll${
1. O l > = $f $f = ($f)2
^l$r$tMl = 4 $f
2. MS~ = 2 $f
(MS~)2 (^l$r$t Ml)2

3. Ol>= &&&&& = &&&&&&&&&
2
16
4. ^l$r$tMl = 2 2 MS~
5. JMS ^ll${ $fZ x% ]l*$ ]l MS~, ^l$r$tMlZ MS*y x% ]l*$ ]l$.
6. JMS ^ll${ $fZ x% ]l*$ ]l Ol>Z ]l^la ]l*$ >l =
2x +
x2
100
E$
1. yl$ ^ll${ ^l$r$tMl$ 40 .$., 32 .$. D yl$ ^ll${ Ol> MS ]l*]lOl$]l
Ol> VS ^ll${ ^lr$tMl Gl?
l]l:
yl$ ^ll${ $g]l$ b1, b2 A]l$MS$s Ayl$
4b1 = 40,
4b2 = 32
b1 = 10,
b2 = 8
s O l > l = 102 82 = 36 ^l..$.
36 P .$. O l > VS ^ll${ $f = 36 = 6 .$.

^l$r$tMl = 4 6 = 24 .$.
d22
A2 =
2
d12
A1 =
2
2. yl$ ^ll${ MS>~$ 2 : 5 Z E. Al s Ol> , ^l$r$tMl

MS]l$MPyl.
l]l:
yl$ ^ll${ MS>~]l$ d1, d2, Ol>]l$ A1, A2, ^l$r$tMl]l$ p1, p2 A]l$MS$s
A1 : A 2 = d12 : d22 = 22 : 52 = 4 : 25
s O l > = 4 : 25
p1 = 2 2d1 , p2 = 2 2d2
AllV>
p1 : p2 = d1 : d2 = 2 : 5
s ^l$r$tMl = 2 : 5
3. JMS ^ll${ $g 25% lWY ^l$r$tMlZ, Ol>Z ]l^la ]l*$ >l Gl?
l]l:
CMSPyl x = 25
^l$r$tMlZ ]l^la ]l*$ >l = 25
As ^l$r$tMl MS*y 25% lVS$Yl$. Ol>Z ]l^la ]l*$ >l =
= 2 (25 )
2
25 )
(
+
100
= 43.75
As Ol> 43.75% lVS$Yl$.

2x +
x2
100
4. 5 $r 44 .$., 3 $r 74 .$. Ml$ VS JMS VSZ ^ll${M> yl$ l*s M>]l]l

MSt yl Q?
l]l:
VS Ml$ = 544 .$., 374 .$.
yl Q MStV> Eys yl ]l* VStV> Ey.
yl VSt ]l* = 544, 374 VS.. = 34 .$.
VS Ol>
Ayl$ A]l]l$$ yl Q = _______ = 544 374 = 176
yl Ol> 34 34
M>]l]l MSt yl Q = 176
7m
7m
7m
7m
7m
5. ^ll${M>Z E]l JMS VS 7 $. yl]l# VS Xl yl$ ]l*]l ^ll${M> VSl$$V>

h^lVSWl B VS Ol>?
l]l:
l> r *Z X
7m
7m
O r ]l$_ VS yl]l# = 7 + 7 = 14 $.
lyl$ = 7 $.
O l > = 14 7 = 98 ^l.$.
]ll Ol>
JMS ]ll = r, = d A]l$MS$s

i) d = 2r
ii)
]ll Ol> (A) =
r2
d 2
4
]ll ^l$r$tMl (p) = 2r d

As ]ll , >MS 2 r$ MS r$.
iii) ]ll
iv) A
]ll O l > =
r 2
2
, A ]ll ^l$r$tMl = r
2
v) A = p
4
vi) yl$
]l > = a:b Al s l $ = a : b
O l > = a2 : b2
vii) JMS ]ll Z x% ]l*$ ]l, ^l$r$tMlZ ]l*$ >l = x
Ol>Z ]l*$ >l
= 2x +
x2
100
VS ]llZ JMS ^ll${ Al B ^ll${ Ol> = 2r2

]lMS, ^ll${MS ]l$l VS {l Ol> = ( 2)r2
l $fV> VS JMS ^ll${Z ]l Al, B ]ll
]ll Ol> =
l 2
4
l
2
1 l
4
^ll${MS, ]lMS ]l$l VS {l Ol> =
(r ) =
ix)
viii) r
E$
d 2
4
1. JMS A ]ll Ol> 77 ^l..$. Al Gl?

l]l:
]ll = d .$. A]l$MS$s
]ll Ol> =
A ]ll Ol>
d 2
=
= 77
8
d 2 = 77 8
7
22
d = 14
.$.
]ll = 14 .$.
2. JMS M>$ ^l{M> 70 .$. Al B M>$ ^l{M>$ $MS G ^l$r$ Wl M>$ 66 MS.$./VSr
lVS {* ^l$?
l]l:
M>$ JMSP $Z {*^]l l*
M>$ ^l{MS ^l$r$tMl = d
66 1000
60
$r$ = 1100 $r$
22
70
7
= 220 .$. = 2.2 $r$

$MS M>$ ^l{M>$ V>]l ^l$r Q =
]l*]l : 500
1100
= 500
2.2
3. JMS ]ll > 50% lWY, ^l$r$tMl, Ol>$ Gl >l lVS$Y?

l]l:
x = 50
^l$r$tMlZ lVS$Yl = 50%
I
H
Ol>Z lVS$Yl
x2
>l = 2 x +
100
(50) 2
= 2(50) + 100 = 75%
]ll Ol> 75% lVS$Yl$. ^l$r$tMl 50% lVS$Yl$.
r
2
l =
4. JMS ]ll , ^ll${ ^l$r$tMl$ ]l*]l Al s Ol> ?

]l*]l:
]ll = r, ^ll${ $f = l A]l$MS$s 2r = 4l
s O l > = r2 : l2
2
2r 2
r
= r : = r 2 :
4
2
]l*]l : 4 :
5. 18 .$., 14 .$. Ml$ VS ^ll${ Z X$VS Al ]ll Ol>?

l]l:
C_a]l ^ll${ Z X$VS Al ]ll (d) = 14 .$.
B ]ll O l >
d 2
=
4
22 14 14
= 154
7
4
]l*]l : 154 ^ll# .$.
{$f
1
2
2. {$f O l > =
*$ Gl$ (E]l)
s ( s a )(s b )(s c ) ,
1
s = (a + b + c ) =
2
CMSPyl a, b, c $g Ml$.
A ^l$r$tMl
3. ]l$$ {$f Ol> =
3
4
($f)2
4. a $fV> MSW]l ]l$$ {$fZ Al ]ll =

a
2 3
5. a $fV> MSW]l ]l$$ {$f ]ll =
1. {$f O l > =
6. Ol>, A ^lr$tMl "s' MSW]l {$f Al ]ll =

s
E$
1. JMS M {$f *$ 3 .$., Gl$ 4 .$. Al ^l$r$tMl Gl?

l]l:
4 .$.
3 .$.
^l$r$tMl = AB+BC+CA
BC2 =
32 + 42 = 25 = 5 .$.
AB+BC+CA = 3 + 4 + 5 = 12 .$.
]l*]l : 12 .$.
2. JMS {$f $g$ 9:40:41 Z E. ^l$r$tMl 180 .$. Al Ol> Gl?
l]l:
$g$ = 9x, 40x, 41x
{$f ^l$r$tMl = 180 .$.
9x + 40x + 41x = 180

x = 2 .$.
{$f O l > =
s ( s a )(s b )(s c )
1
s = (a + b + c )
2
= 720
.$.2
]l$M *{$, ]lR>$:

1
2
(MS>~ )
3. {sh$ (]l$ ^ll$$f) Ol> =
1
2
2. > O l > =
1. ]l*l ^ll$$f Ol> = *$ Gl$
(]l*l $g ll s ]l$l l*)
4. JMS ]l$$ {$f, JMS ^ll${, JMS ]ll ]l*]l ^l$r$tMl]l$ MSW Es s Ol> ]l$l
l MS lV> Er$.
T<S<C
]l$$ {$f Ol>

S - ^ll${ Ol>
C - ]ll Ol>
As AsMSs ]ll Ol> GMS$P]l.
5. JMS ^ll${, JMS ^ll${ ]l*]l ^l$r$tMl]l$ MSW Es ^ll${ Ol> ^ll${ Ol>
MSs GMS$P]l.
6. JMS ]l$$ {$f, JMS ]l$$ {$f ]l*]l ^l$r$tMl]l$ MSW Es ]l$$ {$f
Ol> ]l$$ {$f Ol> MSs GMS$P]l.
7. JMS ]l$$ {$f, JMS ]l$$ {$f ]l*]l ^l$r$tMl]l$ MSW Es ]l$$ {$f
Ol>, ]l$ $ {$f Ol> MSs GMS$P]l.
T-
E$
1. JMS ]l*l ^ll$$f $g$ 30 .$., 20 .$., MS~ 40 .$. Al Ol> Gl?
l]l:
C
D
40 .$.
30 .$.
20 .$.
B
s ( s a )(s b )(s c )
E*W_
ABC Ol> 2 = ABCD Ol>
1
1
90 = 45
s = (a + b + c ) =
2
2
ABC O l > =
45(45 40)(45 30)(45 20) = 84375 = 75 15
]l*l ^ll$$f ABCD O l > =
75 15 2 = 150 15 .$.2
1
2 x 5 x = 5x 2
2
> O l > =
2. JMS > MS>~$ 2:5 Z E. Al Ol>, _]l MS~ ]lY ]l$l Gl?
l]l:
(_]l MS~)2 = (2x)2 = 4x2
5x2
= 5:4
4 x2
1. JMS M ]l$$ {$f $g$ 2:2:3 Z E. ^l$r$tMl 56 .$. Al

$g Ml$ MS]l$MPyl.
G) 16 .$., 16 .$., 24 .$.
) 8 .$., 8 .$., 12 .$.
) 4 .$., 4 .$., 6 .$.
yl) 2 .$., 2 .$., 3 .$.
yl)
3. JMS {$f M$ 30, 60, 90 Al $g Gl?

G) 1: 3 : 2
) 1:1: 2
) 3 : 2 :1
yl)
2. ]l$$ {$f Ol> = 64 3 .$.2 Al Gl$]l$ MS]l$MPyl.

G) 8 3 .$.
) 9 3 .$.
) 10 3 .$.
11 3
.$.
2 :1:1
4. JMS {$gM> *$, Gl$ MSs 3 r$ E. Ol> 1,35,000 ^l.$. Al B Gl$

MS]l$MPyl.
G) 250 $.
) 300 $.
) 350 $.
yl) 150 $.
5. JMS {$gM> Z$zMS$ VS$ l$yMS 80 O$/^l.$. ^#]l *.176.40 Qa. Z$z Gl$ 24.5
$. Al *$ MS]l$MPyl.
G) 14 $.
) 16 $.
) 18 $.
yl) 20 $.
6. JMS VS l 20 .$., 15 .$. Ml$ MSW]l Os $. ll Os Q 50 Al VS

^l$r$tMl Gl?
G) 3500 .$.
) 3000 .$.
) 2500 .$.
yl) 1500 .$.
7. JMS ^ll${M> ^ll$]l$ ^l$yMS 85 O$/$2 r$ ^#]l A]l ll Q$a *.624.75.
yl]l#, lyl$$ 5:3 Z Es ^l$r$tMl Gl?
G) 112 $.
) 100 $.
) 80 $.
yl) 116 $.
8. JMS VS 14 $., 12 $. Ml$ MSW]l ^ll${M>Z E. D VS V ^l$yMS 8 .$.,

6 .$. Mll$ MSW]l Os G A]l?
G) 35
) 350
) 3500
yl) 35,000
9. JMS > Ol> 256 .$.2. JMS MS~ yl]l# y MS~Z VS Al MS>~ ll Gl?
G) 38 .$.
) 36 .$.
) 32 .$.
yl) 16 .$.
10. ]l*l ^ll$$f JMS $f yl]l# 24 .$. MS Gl$$V> E]l $f 22 .$. l*Z Es
B ]l*l ^ll$$f Ol> Gl?
) 528 .$.2
) 258 .$.2
yl) 246 .$.2
G) 264 .$.2
11. JMS {sh$ Ol> 441 .$.2, ]l*l $g ]l$l

l* 21 .$. Al ]l*l ^ll$$f yl]l#]l$ MS]l$MPyl.
G) 15 .$.
) 19 .$.
) 27 .$.
5:9.
B yl$ $g ]l$l
yl) 21 .$.
f$$
1) G
2) G
3) G
4)
8) yl
9)
10) G
11)
5)
6) G
7) G

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JMS t {l ~l$ Ol>. Ol>MS {]l* ^ll# r$ P r$. As ^ll#

1. O l > = yl]l# lyl$

1. JMS ^ll${ ^l$r$tMl 28 .$., MS~ 10 .$. Al Ol> Gl?

2. JMS ^ll${ yl]l#, lyl$$ 3:2 Z E. ^l$r$tMl 600 $r$. Al Ol>

yl]l# = 3 60 = 180 $r$,

As Ol> 25% lVS$Yl$.

4. JMS ^ll${ $g]l$ M]lylZ JMS r$V> 5% GMS$P]lV>, ]l$MS 4% lMS$P]lV>

Ol>Z r$ >l = + 0.8% As Ol> 0.8% >l GMS$P]lV> ]ll*l]l#l$.

(1), (2) ]l$_ yl]l# = 20 $r$

(MS~)2 (^l$r$t Ml)2

s O l > l = 102 82 = 36 ^l..$.

36 P .$. O l > VS ^ll${ $f = 36 = 6 .$.

2. yl$ ^ll${ MS>~$ 2 : 5 Z E. Al s Ol> , ^l$r$tMl

As Ol> 43.75% lVS$Yl$.

4. 5 $r 44 .$., 3 $r 74 .$. Ml$ VS JMS VSZ ^ll${M> yl$ l*s M>]l]l

M>]l]l MSt yl Q = 176

5. ^ll${M>Z E]l JMS VS 7 $. yl]l# VS Xl yl$ ]l*]l ^ll${M> VSl$$V>

JMS ]ll = r, = d A]l$MS$s

]ll Ol> (A) =

]ll ^l$r$tMl (p) = 2r d

VS ]llZ JMS ^ll${ Al B ^ll${ Ol> = 2r2

^ll${MS, ]lMS ]l$l VS {l Ol> =

1. JMS A ]ll Ol> 77 ^l..$. Al Gl?

$r$ = 1100 $r$

= 220 .$. = 2.2 $r$

3. JMS ]ll > 50% lWY, ^l$r$tMl, Ol>$ Gl >l lVS$Y?

^l$r$tMlZ lVS$Yl = 50%

]ll Ol> 75% lVS$Yl$. ^l$r$tMl 50% lVS$Yl$.

4. JMS ]ll , ^ll${ ^l$r$tMl$ ]l*]l Al s Ol> ?

5. 18 .$., 14 .$. Ml$ VS ^ll${ Z X$VS Al ]ll Ol>?

]l*]l : 154 ^ll# .$.

3. ]l$$ {$f Ol> =

4. a $fV> MSW]l ]l$$ {$fZ Al ]ll =

5. a $fV> MSW]l ]l$$ {$f ]ll =

6. Ol>, A ^lr$tMl "s' MSW]l {$f Al ]ll =

1. JMS M {$f *$ 3 .$., Gl$ 4 .$. Al ^l$r$tMl Gl?

9x + 40x + 41x = 180

]l$M *{$, ]lR>$:

3. {sh$ (]l$ ^ll$$f) Ol> =

1. ]l*l ^ll$$f Ol> = *$ Gl$

(]l*l $g ll s ]l$l l*)

]l$$ {$f Ol>

ABC Ol> 2 = ABCD Ol>

45(45 40)(45 30)(45 20) = 84375 = 75 15

]l*l ^ll$$f ABCD O l > =

(_]l MS~)2 = (2x)2 = 4x2

1. JMS M ]l$$ {$f $g$ 2:2:3 Z E. ^l$r$tMl 56 .$. Al

3. JMS {$f M$ 30, 60, 90 Al $g Gl?

2. ]l$$ {$f Ol> = 64 3 .$.2 Al Gl$]l$ MS]l$MPyl.

4. JMS {$gM> *$, Gl$ MSs 3 r$ E. Ol> 1,35,000 ^l.$. Al B Gl$

6. JMS VS l 20 .$., 15 .$. Ml$ MSW]l Os $. ll Os Q 50 Al VS

8. JMS VS 14 $., 12 $. Ml$ MSW]l ^ll${M>Z E. D VS V ^l$yMS 8 .$.,

11. JMS {sh$ Ol> 441 .$.2, ]l*l $g ]l$l

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1. ]ll ^ll$$f Ol> = $ Gl$

(]ll $g ll s ]l$l l)