positioning devices
Encoders
Vision
Mine detectors (detector vs. sensor)
Sonar
Radar
Infra-red
Sensor Peka cahaya
Sensor Peka Panas
Sensor Peka Sentuhan
Gas Sensor
Gyro
Accelerometer
Pendulum Resistive
Tilt Sensors
Metal Detector
Piezo Bend Sensor
Gieger-Muller
Radiation Sensor
Pyroelectric Detector
UV Detector
CDS Cell
Resistive Light Sensor
Pressure Switch
Miniature Polaroid Sensor
Limit Switch
Touch Switch
Mechanical Tilt Sensors
IR Pin
Diode
IR Sensor w/lens
Thyristor
Magnetic Sensor
IR Reflection
Sensor
Hall Effect
Magnetic Field
Sensors
IRDA Transceiver
Lite-On IR
Remote Receiver
Radio Shack
Remote Receiver
IR Modulator
Receiver
Solar Cell
Compass
Compass
Sensor Resistive
Bend Sensors
Resistance = 10k to 35k
Force to produce 90deg = 5 grams
www.jameco.com = 10$
Potentiometer
Sensor putaran tetap
Mudah didapat, mudah dipasang
Potentiometer
Sensor Cahaya
Bagus untuk mendeteksi arah/adanya cahaya
Resistansi Non-linear
Respon lambat
Cadmium Sulfide Cell
Aplikasi
Sensor
Sensors
Sensor berat
Diketahui
micro
Diukur
Analog to Digital
(pull down)
micro
Single Pin
Resistance
Measurement
+
-
Binary
Threshold
voltage
time
voltage
time
Infrared Termodulasi
amplifier
bandpass filter
integrator
limiter
demodulator
comparator
Input
Output
600us
600us
1k
gnd
positsi sensitive device (array
photodiodes)
Mobile Robot
Electric
Measuring Tape
Focus for Camera
http://www.robotprojects.com/sonar/scd.htm
Theory of Operation
Digital Init
Chirp
16 high to low
-200 to 200 V
Internal Blanking
Chirp reaches object
343.2 m/s
Temp, pressure
Echoes
Shape
Material
Kembali ke Xducer
Ukur waktunya
Masalah
Ketidakpastian Azimuth
Specular Reflections
Multipass
Sangat peka terhadap perubahan temperature dan pressure
Minimum Range
Beam Pattern
Bukan Gaussian!!
Vendors
Micromint
Wirz
Gleason Research (Handyboard)
Polaroid-oem
Metal Detector
Oscillator signal
coupled via transformer
112kHz
LC Oscillator
Diode converts AC
signal to DC ripple
and applies as bias to T3
9v Signal to 5v logic
+9V
+5V
Rpullup
9v signal
+
-
PIC
LM311
comparator
Accelerometers
adxl202
2-axis
accelerometer
Penggunaan Accelerometer
Mengukur Kemiringan
Lengan
ADXL202EB
ADXL202EB
Mengukur Berat
Vi
LM324
PIC
+
-
1
10 Hz
2RC
0.1F
ADC0
Vo
Vi
Vo
t
R
+
-
ADXL202EB
Bandwidth
= 1000 Hz
Vi
Vo
PIC
LM324
Vi
+5V
ADC0
Vo
Rb
Threshold Measurements
Melewatkan sinyal akselerasi melalui komparator, lalu
ke input capture MC
Butuh high signal bandwidth untuk mengamati pulsanya
ADXL202EB
Bandwidth
= 1000 Hz
Vi
LM311 comparator
+
-
Vo
Rb
PIC
Rpullup
+5V
Vth
Vo
1
100 Hz
2RC
Vi
Vth
t