DIROFILARIASIS
Dirofilaria immitis
Dirofilaria repens
Klasifikasi Taksonomi
Kingdom : Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa
(unranked) : Bilateria
Superphylum : Platyzoa
Phylum
: Nematoda
Class
: Secernentea
Subclass
: Spiruria
Order
: Spirurida
Family
: Onchocercidae
Genus
: Dirofilaria
Species : D. Immitis
Cacing dewasa
Gambar 2. Microfilaria
(as seen at 400X
magnification)
Gambar 3.Dirofilaria
immitis pada jantung
anjing saat nekropsi
Distribusi
Pathogenesis
Cacing pada
hepar
Cacing pada
jantung
Siklus Hidup
During a blood meal, an infected mosquito (Aedes, Culex, Anopheles, Mansonia) introduces third-stage filarial larvae of Dirofilaria immitis
into the skin of the definitive host, which is usually a domestic dog or coyote in the United States (although a wide variety of other animals
can also be infected, including felids, mustelids, pinnipeds, beaver, horses, and humans), where they penetrate into the bite wound . In
the definitive host, the L3 larvae undergo two more molts into L4 and adults. Adults reside in pulmonary arteries, and are occasionally
found in the right ventricle of the heart . Adult females are usually 230-310 mm long by 350 m wide; males are usually 120-190 mm
long by 300 m wide. Adults can live for 5 - 10 years. In the heart, the female worms are capable of producing microfilariae over their
lifespan. The microfilariae are found in peripheral blood . A mosquito ingests the microfilariae during a blood meal . After ingestion, the
microfilariae migrate from the mosquitos midgut through the hemocoel to the Malpighian tubules in the abdomen . There the microfilariae
develop into first-stage larvae and subsequently into third-stage infective larvae . The third-stage infective larvae migrate to the
mosquito's proboscis and can infect another definitive host when it takes a blood meal . In humans , D. immitis larvae tend to follow
the same migratory pathway as in the canine host, ending up in the lungs, where they often lodge in small-caliber vessels, causing infarcts
and typical coin lesions visible on radiographs.
Gejala-gejala
Diagnosis
Thanchomnang (2010)
A real-time fluorescence resonance energy trans
fer (FRET) PCR combined with a melting curve an
alysis which does not need agarose gel electrop
horesis for the detection of D. immitis DNA in m
osquito vectors and infected dog blood samples
highly sensitive and specific, offers a high thr
oughput.
suitable and powerful tool for the diagnosis and
for epidemiological surveys of canine dirofilarias
is as well as for molecular xenomonitoring of D.
immitis in mosquito vectors
Weil (1987):
detection of soluble parasite antigens in do
g sera by monoclonal antibody-based enzy
me immunoassay.
Terapi
komponen berbasis-arsenik
melarsomine dihydrochloride (Immiticide
)
thiacetarsamide sodium (Caparsolate )
Pembedahan untuk menghilangkan cacin
g jantung dewasa
Terapi