INVESTASI
PSAK 50 & 55 Kieso Vol. 2
Sources from Rosita Uli Sinaga
& Kieso
Definisi
Instrumen keuangan adalah setiap
kontrak yang menambah nilai aset
keuangan entitas dan kewajiban
keuangan atau instrumen ekuitas
entitas lain
Definisi
Aset keuangan adalah setiap aset yang
berbentuk:
(a) kas;
(b) instrumen ekuitas yang diterbitkan entitas lain;
(c) hak kontraktual;
(i) untuk menerima kas atau aset keuangan lainnya dari
entitas lain; atau
(ii) untuk mempertukarkan aset keuangan atau kewajiban
keuangan dengan entitas lain dengan kondisi yang
berpotensi menguntungkan entitas tersebut; atau
Definisi
Aset keuangan (lanjutan):
(d) kontrak yang akan atau mungkin diselesaikan dengan
menggunakan instrumen ekuitas yang diterbitkan oleh
entitas dan merupakan:
(i) nonderivatif di mana entitas harus atau mungkin diwajibkan untuk
menerima suatu jumlah yang bervariasi dari instrumen ekuitas yang
diterbitkan entitas; atau
(ii) derivatif yang akan atau mungkin diselesaikan selain dengan
mempertukarkan sejumlah tertentu kas atau aset keuangan lain
dengan sejumlah tertentu instrumen ekuitas yang diterbitkan
entitas. Untuk tujuan ini, instrumen ekuitas yang diterbitkan entitas
tersebut tidak termasuk instrumen yang merupakan kontrak untuk
menerima atau menyerahkan instrumen ekuitas yang diterbitkan
entitas tersebut di masa depan.
Definisi
Kewajiban keuangan adalah setiap kewajiban
yang berupa:
(a) Kewajiban kontraktual:
(i) untuk menyerahkan kas atau aset keuangan lain
kepada entitas lain; atau
(ii) untuk mempertukarkan aset keuangan atau
kewajiban keuangan dengan entitas lain dengan kondisi
yang berpotensi tidak menguntungkan entitas tersebut;
Definisi
Kewajiban keuangan (lanjutan):
(b) kontrak yang akan atau mungkin diselesaikan dengan
menggunakan instrumen ekuitas yang diterbitkan entitas
dan merupakan suatu:
(i) nonderivatif di mana entitas harus atau mungkin diwajibkan untuk
menerima suatu jumlah yang bervariasi dari instrumen ekuitas yang
diterbitkan entitas; atau
(ii) derivatif yang akan atau mungkin diselesaikan selain dengan
mempertukarkan sejumlah tertentu kas atau aset keuangan lain
dengan sejumlah tertentu instrumen ekuitas yang diterbitkan
entitas. Untuk tujuan ini, instrumen ekuitas yang diterbitkan entitas
tersebut tidak termasuk instrumen yang merupakan kontrak untuk
menerima atau menyerahkan instrumen ekuitas yang diterbitkan
entitas tersebut di masa depan.
Definisi
Instrumen ekuitas adalah setiap kontrak yang
memberikan hak residual atas aset suatu
entitas setelah dikurangi dengan seluruh
kewajibannya
Contoh
Instrumen keuangan:
Aset tetap
Utang pajak
Pengukuran
a)
Nilai wajar
b)
Biaya diamortisasi
c)
Biaya (penggunaan terbatas hanya
jika nilai wajar tidak dapat ditentukan)
Pengukuran Biaya
Diamortisasi
Biaya diamortisasi:
Pengukuran Pengakuan
Awal
Pengukuran Pengakuan
Awal
Pengukuran Selanjutnya
PSAK 55 mengklasifikasikan:
4 kategori aset keuangan
2 kategori kewajiban keuangan
Kategori tersebut menentukan metode
yang digunakan untuk pengukuran
selanjutnya
Pengukuran Selanjutnya
Klasifikasi
Neraca
Biaya
Transaksi
Keuntung Bunga
anatau
dan
Kerugian Dividen
Nilai
Wajar
Penurunan Pembalikan
Nilai
Penurunan
Nilai
FVTPL
By default
Pengukuran Selanjutnya
Klasifikasi
HTM
Neraca
Biaya Dikapitalisa
Diamortisasi
si
Penurunan
Nilai
Pembalikan
Penurunan
Nilai
Pengukuran Selanjutnya
Klasifikasi
Pinjaman
Diberikandan
Piutang
Neraca
Biaya Dikapitalis
diamortisasi
asi
Labaatau
rugi
Labaatau Labaataurugi
rugi
Pengukuran Selanjutnya
Klasifikasi
AFS
Jenis
Instrumen/
Biaya
Transaksi
Neraca
Utang/
Nilaiwajar
Dikapitalisasi
Labaatau
rugi
Labaatau
rugi
Labaatau
rugi
Labaatau
rugi
Labaatau
rugi
Ekuitas
Ekuitas:
Harga
Tidakdapat perolehan
diukursecara
andal/
Dikapitalisasi
Labaatau
rugi
Labaatau
rugi
* Dibebankan ke laba atau rugi pada saat pelepasan atau terjadi penurunan nilai
Transfer / Reklasifikasi
HTM
Allowed
when
justified
Allowed
under
conditions
FVTPL
AFS
Tainting
Tainting
25
Ketentuan Umum
Kerugian penurunan nilai yang diakui pada laporan laba rugi atas
investasi instrumen ekuitas yang diklasifikasikan sebagai instrumen
ekuitas yang tersedia untuk dijual tidak boleh dipulihkan melalui
laporan laba rugi.
35
PENGHENTIAN PENGAKUAN
ASET DAN KEWAJIBAN
KEUANGAN
Penghentian Pengakuan
Aset Keuangan
Penghentian Pengakuan
Aset Keuangan
1. Consolidate subsidiaries (including SPEs)
2. Do derecognition principles apply
to part or all of assets?
3. Have the rights to cash flows expired?
Yes
Derecognise
No
Dont derecognise
Yes
Derecognise
Yes
Dont derecognise
No
Derecognise
No
38
INSTRUMEN KEUANGAN
MAJEMUK
Instrumen Keuangan
Majemuk
40
Pengungkapan
Pengungkapan
Pengungkapan
Pengungkapan Lainnya
Penghentian Pengakuan
Agunan
Instrumen Keuangan Majemuk dengan
Beberapa Derivatif Melekat
Aset Keuangan dan Kewajiban Keuangan pada
Nilai Wajar melalui Laporan Laba Rugi
Reklasifikasi
Laporan Laba Rugi dan Ekuitas
Penurunan Nilai
Wanprestasi dan Pelanggaran
Debt
Debt InvestmentsAmortized
InvestmentsAmortized Cost
Cost
Illustration: Robinson Company purchased $100,000 of 8%
bonds of Evermaster Corporation on January 1, 2011, at a
discount, paying $92,278. The bonds mature January 1, 2016
and yield 10%; interest is payable each July 1 and January 1.
Robinson records the investment as follows:
January 1, 2011
Debt Investments
Cash
92,278
92,278
Debt
Debt InvestmentsAmortized
InvestmentsAmortized Cost
Cost
Illustration 17-3
Schedule of
Interest
Revenue and Bond
Discount
Amortization
Effective-Interest
Method
LO 2
Debt
Debt InvestmentsAmortized
InvestmentsAmortized Cost
Cost
Illustration: Robinson Company records the receipt of the first
semiannual interest payment on July 1, 2011, as follows:
July 1, 2011
Cash
4,000
Debt Investments
Interest Revenue
614
4,614
Debt
Debt InvestmentsAmortized
InvestmentsAmortized Cost
Cost
Illustration: Robinson is on a calendar-year basis, it accrues
interest and amortizes the discount at December 31, 2011, as
follows:
December 31, 2011
Interest Receivable
Debt Investments
Interest Revenue
4,000
645
4,645
Debt
Debt InvestmentsAmortized
InvestmentsAmortized Cost
Cost
Reporting Bond Investment at Amortized Cost
Illustration 17-3
Debt
Debt InvestmentsAmortized
InvestmentsAmortized Cost
Cost
Illustration: Assume that Robinson Company sells its
investment in Evermaster bonds on November 1, 2013, at
99.75 plus accrued interest. Robinson records this discount
amortization as follows:
November 1, 2013
Debt Investments
Interest Revenue
522
522
Debt
Debt InvestmentsAmortized
InvestmentsAmortized Cost
Cost
Computation of the realized gain on sale.
Illustration 17-4
Cash
Interest Revenue (4/6 x $4,000)
Debt Investments
Gain on Sale of Debt Investments
102,417
2,667
96,193
3,557
LO 2
Debt
Debt InvestmentsFair
InvestmentsFair Value
Value
Debt investments at fair value follow the same accounting
entries as debt investments held-for-collection during the
reporting period. That is, they are recorded at amortized
cost.
However, at each reporting date, companies
Debt
Debt InvestmentsFair
InvestmentsFair Value
Value
Illustration: Robinson Company purchased $100,000 of 8%
bonds of Evermaster Corporation on January 1, 2011, at a
discount, paying $92,278. The bonds mature January 1, 2016
and yield 10%; interest is payable each July 1 and January 1.
The journal entries in 2011 are exactly the same as those for
amortized cost.
Debt
Debt InvestmentsFair
InvestmentsFair Value
Value
Illustration: Entries are the same as those for amortized cost.
LO 3
Debt
Debt InvestmentsFair
InvestmentsFair Value
Value
Illustration: To apply the fair value approach, Robinson
determines that, due to a decrease in interest rates, the fair
value of the debt investment increased to $95,000 at
December 31, 2011.
Illustration 17-5
1,463
1,463
Debt
Debt InvestmentsFair
InvestmentsFair Value
Value
Financial Statement Presentation
Illustration 17-6
Debt
Debt InvestmentsFair
InvestmentsFair Value
Value
Illustration: At December 31, 2012, assume that the fair value
of the Evermaster debt investment is $94,000.
Illustration 17-7
2,388
2,388
Debt
Debt InvestmentsFair
InvestmentsFair Value
Value
Financial Statement Presentation
Illustration 17-8
Debt
Debt InvestmentsFair
InvestmentsFair Value
Value
Illustration 17-7
925
925
Debt
Debt InvestmentsFair
InvestmentsFair Value
Value
Income Effects on
Debt Investment
(2011-2013)
Illustration 17-9
Debt
Debt InvestmentsFair
InvestmentsFair Value
Value
Illustration (Portfolio of Securities): Webb Corporation has two
debt investments accounted for at fair value. The following
illustration identifies the amortized cost, fair value, and the
amount of the unrealized gain or loss.
Illustration 17-10
Debt
Debt InvestmentsFair
InvestmentsFair Value
Value
Illustration (Portfolio of Securities): Webb makes an adjusting
entry at December 31, 2011 to record the decrease in value and
to record the loss as follows.
Unrealized Holding Gain or LossIncome
Securities Fair Value Adjustment
9,537
9,537
Debt
Debt InvestmentsFair
InvestmentsFair Value
Value
Illustration (Sale of Debt Investments): Webb Corporation sold
the Watson bonds (from Illustration 17-10) on July 1, 2012, for
$90,000, at which time it had an amortized cost of $94,214.
Illustration 17-11
Cash
90,000
4,214
94,214
Debt
Debt InvestmentsFair
InvestmentsFair Value
Value
Illustration (Sale of Debt Investments): Webb reports this
realized loss in the Other income and expense section of the
income statement. Assuming no other purchases and sales of
bonds in 2012, Webb on December 31, 2012, prepares the
information:
Illustration 17-12
Debt
Debt InvestmentsFair
InvestmentsFair Value
Value
Illustration (Sale of Debt Investments): Webb records the
following at December 31, 2012.
Illustration 17-12
4,537
4,537
Debt
Debt InvestmentsFair
InvestmentsFair Value
Value
Financial Statement Presentation
Illustration 17-13
Equity
Equity Investments
Investments
Illustration 17-15
Levels of Influence
Determine Accounting Methods
Equity
Equity Investments
Investments at
at Fair
Fair Value
Value
Illustration: November 3, 2011, Republic Corporation
purchased ordinary shares of three companies, each
investment representing less than a 20 percent interest.
Equity
Equity
Investments
Investments at
at
Fair
Fair Value
Value
Republic records these investments as follows:
Equity Investments
718,550
Cash
718,550
4,200
Dividend Revenue
4,200
Equity
Equity Investments
Investments at
at Fair
Fair Value
Value
At December 31, 2011, Republics equity investment portfolio has
the carrying value and fair value shown.
Illustration 17-17
Equity
Equity Investments
Investments at
at Fair
Fair Value
Value
Illustration 17-17
35,550
35,550
Equity
Equity Investments
Investments at
at Fair
Fair Value
Value
On January 23, 2012, Republic sold all of its Burberry ordinary
shares, receiving 287,220.
Cash
287,220
Equity Investments
Gain on Sale of Equity Investment
259,700
27,520
Equity
Equity Investments
Investments at
at Fair
Fair Value
Value
In addition, assume that on February 10, 2012, Republic purchased
255,000 of Continental Trucking ordinary shares (20,000 shares
12.75 per share), plus brokerage commissions of 1,850.
Republics equity investment portfolio as of December 31, 2012.
Illustration 17-19
Equity
Equity Investments
Investments at
at Fair
Fair Value
Value
Illustration 17-19
101,650
101,650
Equity
Equity Investments
Investments at
at Fair
Fair Value
Value
Example: Equity Investments (OCI)
The accounting entries to record AFS equity investments are the
same as for trading equity investments, except for recording the
unrealized holding gain or loss.
Report the unrealized holding gain or loss as other
comprehensive income.
Equity
Equity Investments
Investments at
at Fair
Fair Value
Value
Illustration: On December 10, 2011, Republic Corporation
purchased 1,000 ordinary shares of Hawthorne Company for
20.75 per share (total cost 20,750). The investment represents
less than a 20 percent interest. Hawthorne is a distributor for
Republic products in certain locales, the laws of which require a
minimum level of share ownership of a company in that region.
The investment in Hawthorne meets this regulatory requirement.
Republic accounts for this investment at fair value.
Equity Investments
Cash
20,750
20,750
Equity
Equity Investments
Investments at
at Fair
Fair Value
Value
Illustration: On December 27, 2011, Republic receives a cash
dividend of 450 on its investment in the ordinary shares of
Hawthorne Company. It records the cash dividend as follows.
Cash
Dividend Revenue
450
450
Equity
Equity Investments
Investments at
at Fair
Fair Value
Value
Illustration: At December 31, 2011, Republics investment in
Hawthorne has the carrying value and fair value shown
Illustration 17-21
3,250
3,250
Equity
Equity Investments
Investments at
at Fair
Fair Value
Value
Illustration 17-21
Financial Statement Presentation
3,250
3,250
Equity
Equity Investments
Investments at
at Fair
Fair Value
Value
Illustration: On December 20, 2012, Republic sold all of its
Hawthorne Company ordinary shares receiving net proceeds of
22,500.
Illustration 17-22
Cash
22,500
Equity Investments
20,750
1,750
3,250
3,250
LO 5
Equity
Equity Method
Method
An investment (direct or indirect) of 20 percent or more of the
voting shares of an investee should lead to a presumption that
in the absence of evidence to the contrary, an investor has the
ability to exercise significant influence over an investee.
In instances of significant influence, the investor must
account for the investment using the equity method.
Equity
Equity Method
Method
Equity Method
Record the investment at cost and subsequently adjust
the amount each period for
Equity
Equity Method
Method
Illustration 17-23
LO 6
Consolidation
Consolidation
Controlling Interest - When one corporation acquires a voting
interest of more than 50 percent in another corporation
Impairment
Impairment of
of Value
Value
Illustration: At December 31, 2010, Mayhew Company has a debt
investment in Bellovary Inc., purchased at par for $200,000. The
investment has a term of four years, with annual interest
payments at 10 percent, paid at the end of each year (the
historical effective-interest rate is 10 percent). This debt
investment is classified as held-for-collection. Using the following
information record the loss on impairment.
Impairment
Impairment of
of Value
Value
Illustration 17-24 & 25
Loss on Impairment
Debt Investments
12,688
12,688
LO 7
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TERIMA KASIH