- Maingots Abdominal Operation 11th ed, Chapter 17. Small Bowel Obstruction : Adhesion
DEFINISI
DEFINISI
ETIOLOGI
- Maingots Abdominal Operation 11th ed, Chapter 17. Small Bowel Obstruction : Adhesion
- Liakakos T, et all. Peritoneal adhesions: Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Significance.
PATOFISIOLOGI
Trauma jaringan mesothelium peritoneum
reaksi inflamasi
Tingkat selular,
dilepaskan prostaglandin diaktifkan komponen
MEKANISME TERJADINYA
ADHESI
Peritoneal damage
Liberation of
chemotactic agents.
Increase in capillary
permeability
Migration of
leucocytes to site of
lesion.
Production of peroxide
radicals and liberation of
enzymes.
Increase in tissular
damage.
Serous exudate(coagulates in
three hours).
Fibrinous agglutination of
the peritoneal surfaces.
Liberation of thromboplastin
and activation of the
coagulation.
Activating factors of
plaminogen.
Plasmin.
Lysis of the fibrin in 72-92
hours.
Plasminogen.
Trauma
The healing process from surgery is a major contributor to adhesion formation.
Ischemia
During surgery, blood flow is often disrupted as a result of tissue cutting, blood
Foreign Bodies
Foreign bodies include stitches, lint from sponges or talc from surgical gloves.
Foreign bodies can cause an inflammatory reaction in the body and can trigger
adhesion formation.
Inflammation
Endometriosis and PID can cause inflammation, which can result in adhesion
formation.
FIBRINOLSIS SYSTEM
Fibrinolytic Inhibitors
1- Alpha-2- Anti-plasmin (2 anti-plasmin)
An (2) glyco-protein
Most important naturally occurring inhibitor
The principle inhibitors of fibrinolysis by binding with
plasmin that is free in the plasma (neutralizing plasmin)
Inhibits the clot-promoting activities of plasma kallikrein
Inhibits the serine proteases Xlla, XIa, IIa and Xa
Hereditary deficiencies have been associated with,
Excessive clotting (DIC)
Excessive fibrinolysis
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FIBRINOLSIS SYSTEM
2- Alpha 2 Macroglobulin
Large naturally occurring plasma GP
Inhibits component in both the fibrinolysis and
coagulation systems
Inhibits plasmin after alpha 2 anti-plasmin depletion
3- Alpha 1 Antitrypsin
The third most important naturally occurring
inhibitor of fibrinolytic system. Inactivates plasmin
slowly and does not bind plasmin until both alpha2
anti-plasmin and alpha 2 macroglobulin are saturated
Inhibits coagulation by its potent inhibitory effects on
factor XIa
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FIBRINOLSIS SYSTEM
Other Inhibitors
Anti-thrombin III, inhibits fibrinolysis by
inhibiting plasmin and kallikrein
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