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  • Ep 03061 5 PDF

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    Ep 03061 5 PDF

    Diunggah oleh

    aswardi

    Hak Cipta:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Unduh sebagai PDF atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
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    39 2.3. Rheostatic Control - This method consists of obtaining reduced speeds by the insertion of external series resistance in the armature circuit. It can be used with series, shunt and compound motor for the last two types, the series resistor must be connected between the shunt field and the armature, not between line and the motor. - It is common method of speed control for series motors and is generally analogous in action to wound-rotor induction-motor control by series rotor resistance, - This method is used when speeds below the no-load speed is required. 2.3.1. Shunt motors: - In armature or rheostatic control method of speed the voltage across the armature (which in normally constant) is varied by inserting a variable theostat or resistance, called controller resistance, in series with the armature circuit. As the controller resistance is increased, the potential difference across the armature is decreased thereby decreasing the armature speed. For a load of constant torque, speed is approximately proportional to the potential difference across the armature. Shunt field Fig. 2.7. Armature resistance control for D.C. shunt motor. From the speed/armature current characteristic it is seen that greater the resistance in armature, greater is the fall in speed. There is a particular load current for which the speed would be zero. This is the maximum current and is known as ‘stalling current’. - This method is very wasteful, expensive and unsuitable for rapidly changing load, because for a given value of R; the speed will change with load. A 40 more stable operation can be obtained by using a divertor across the armature (Fig. 2.9) in addition to armature control resistance. Now, the changes in armature current due to changes in the load torque will not be so effective in changing the potential difference across the armature and hence the speed of the armature. No resistance in armature Resistance in armature 1 Rated load Armature Armature current, 1, ——~ Fig. 2.8. Speed-current characteristic of D.C. shunt motor. Series resistance Shunt field s 2 a Fig. 2.9. Use of divertor across the armature for speed control of D.C. shunt motor. 2.3.2. Series motor: Armature resistance control is the most common method employed for series motors (Figs. 2.10 and 2.11) Series Control field resistance resistance Current Fig, 2.11. By increasing the resistance in series with the armature the voltage applied across the armature terminals can be decreased. With the reduced voltage across the armature, the speed is reduced. Since full motor current passes through the resistance, the loss of power is considerable. Although terminal-voltage control by means of a variable voltage supply would effectively control the speed of a D.C. series motor, the high cost of the control equipment is seldom warranted. Series-parallel control: - This system is widely used in electric traction. Here two or more similar mechanically-coupled motors are employed. - At low speeds the motors are joined in series as shown in Fig, 2.12(a). The additional resistance is gradually cut out by controller as the motors attain the speed, and finally the resistance is totally removed, then each motor has half of line voltage. In this arrangement, for any given value of armature current, each motor will run at half of its normal speed. As there is no 42 external resistance in the circuit, therefore there is no waste of energy and so motors operate at an efficiency nearly equal to that obtainable with full line voltage across the terminals of each motor. Series field v o) Fig. 2.12. Series-parallel control When the motors are connected in series and resistance R is completely cut out: NIS Voltage across each motor Current through each motor voltage V/2_ V vOnRRE oo Speed oc current I a Torque «of

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