IDENTITAS PENDERITA
Nama
: Ny. R.
Umur
: 52 tahun
Jenis Kelamin :perempuan
Alamat
: Cijawura Hilir
Ruangan
: ICU-Isolasi
Tgl masuk
: 4 April 2011
No. Reg/ RM
: 11005919/ 00976099
Diagnosis masuk : TB Paru bilateral + gagal napas
ANAMNESIS
ANAMNESIS
PEMERIKSAAN FISIK
Keadaan Umum
Kesadaran
: sopor
Kesan Sakit : berat
Keadaan gizi : kurang
Tanda Vital
Tekanan darah: 100/80 mmHg
Respirasi
: 34x/menit
Nadi
: 100x/menit
Suhu
: 36,9 c
Kepala :
Conjungtiva : anemis +/+ , Sklera : sub ikterik , Pupil bulat
isokor, diameter 3mm kanan=kiri, refleks cahaya +/+, PCH
+/+
Leher : KGB ttm
Thoraks :
Pulmo
Abdomen :
Inspeksi : datar
o Auskultasi: Bising usus + normal
o Perkusi
: Timpani, nyeri perkusi -, shifting dullness o Palpasi: Soepel, defence muscular -, massa -, hepar
dan lien tidak teraba membesar
o
Genital
Tidak dilakukan pemeriksaan
Ektremitas
Akral hangat, CRT < 2 detik, oedem -/-
PEMERIKSAAN
PENUNJANG
Lab
2-4-11
4-4-11
6-4-11
7-4-11
8-4-11
Hb
13,5
11,5
Ht
38,8
34
Leukosit
9170
18630
Trombo
294000
237000
GDS
102
247
LED
57
SGOT
49
547
461
SGPT
48
519
551
GamaGT
111
83
Na
127
132
3,6
4,3
Asam Urat
5,8
2-4-11
4-4-11
6-4-11
7-4-11
8-4-11
Kreatinin
0,6
Ureum
30
44
D-Dimer
Fibrinogen
297
PT
18,4
ApTT
36,7
Laktat
9,2
Cl
100
Ca
7,9
Mg
2,04
Alkaline
fosfatase
105
137
119
GDP
GD2pp
AGD
Lab
4-42011
(12.30)
4-42011
(17.00)
5-42011
6-4-011
7-4-11
8-4-11
PH
7,217
7,193
7,353
7,235
7,432
7,500
PCo2
45,7
30,9
35,3
54,6
36,6
35,0
PO2
79
194
80
117
136
97
HCO3
18,5
11,6
19
22,3
24,1
27,0
SaO2
94,10
97,7
55,20
96,4
98,2
97,40
BE
-9,50
-15,5
-5,3
-4,9
0,4
4,10
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
4-4-11
4-4-11
5-4-11
6-4-11
7-4-11
8-4-11
TANGGAL 4-4-2011
Nadi : 140x/menit
Respirasi : 40x/menit
Suhu : 36 0c
TD : 150/70 mmHg
MAP : 130 mmHg
SaO2: 96%
CVP: 21 cmH2O
GCS E1M1VT
Ventilasi Mekanik
Mode : PSIMV
PEEP : 5
RR : 15
PS : 40
PC : 16
FiO2: 50%
Intake 2674
Output 750
Balance cairan +1924
TANGGAL 5-4-2011
Nadi : 120x/menit
Respirasi :
40x/menit
Suhu : 37,6 c
TD : 110/83 mmHg
MAP : 87 mmHg
SaO2: 98%
CVP: 20 cmH2O
GCS E4M5VT
Ventilasi Mekanik
Mode : ASV
PEEP : 10
RR : 35
FiO2: 40%
Intake 2417
Output 1392
Balance cairan
+1025
TANGGAL 6-4-2011
Nadi : 120x/menit
Respirasi : 27x/menit
Suhu : 37 c
TD : 90/64 mmHg
MAP : 80
SaO2: 100%
CVP: 24 cmH2O
GCS E3M4VT
Ventilasi Mekanik
Mode : ASV
PEEP : 10
RR : 30
FiO2: 70%
Intake 786
Output 485
Balance cairan
+301
TANGGAL 7-4-2011
Nadi : 115x/menit
Respirasi : 27x/menit
Suhu : 37 0c
TD : 115/75 mmHg
MAP : 95 mmHg
SaO2: 97%
CVP: 18 cmH2O
GCS E3M5VT
Ventilasi Mekanik
Mode : PSIMV
PEEP : 10
RR : 27
FiO2: 45%
Intake 2121
Output 1005
Balance cairan
+1116
TANGGAL 8-4-2011
Nadi : 120x/menit
Respirasi : 20x/menit
Suhu : 37,3 0c
TD : 90/66 mmHg
MAP : 75 mmHg
SaO2: 97%
CVP: 15 cmH2O
GCS E3M5VT
Ventilasi Mekanik
Mode : PSIMV
PEEP : 10
RR : 29
FiO2: 50%
Intake 756
Output 340
Balance cairan
+416
PEMERIKSAAN PENUNJANG
PEMERIKSAAN PENUNJANG
Mikrobiologi (8-4-2011)
Biakan dan tes resistensi
Spesimen
: darah
Isolate 1 : negatif
4 ap
5 ap
6 ap
7 ap
8ap
RL
1500cc/24jam
1500cc/24jam
1500cc/24jam
STOP
STOP
Propofol
Prn 1cc
bolus
Drip 20
mg/j
Dobutamine
1,2 cc/j
1,2cc/j
1,2cc/j
1,2cc/j
1,2cc/j
TetraHES
250cc
Raivas
(Norepinefrin)
1,5 cc/j
1,5cc/j
1,5cc/j
1,5cc/j
3cc/j
Isoket (isosorbit
dinitrat)
2,5 cc/ j
2,5 cc/ j
2,5 cc/j
Fentanyl
Prn 50g bolus Prn 50g bolus Prn 50g bolus Prn 50g
bolus
4 ap
5 ap
6 ap
7 ap
8ap
Adrenalin
3 ampul
(1mg/ml)
TB kit
1X III
1X III
1xIII
STOP
STOP
Baquinor
(Ciprofloxacin)
2x200mg
2x200mg
2x200mg
2x200mg
2x200mg
Vectrine
(Erdostene)
3x300mg
3x300mg
3x300mg
3x300mg
4 ap
5 ap
6 ap
7 ap
8ap
Etaphylline
(Bronkodilator)
2x125
2x125
2x125
2x125
2x125
Curcuma
3x200mg
3x200mg
3x200mg
3x200mg
3x200mg
Cap NaCl
3x 1gr
3x1 gr
3x1gr
3x1gr
Hexilon
(metilprednisolon)
1x1 vial
(125 mg)
Combivent +
Flexotide
4x1
4x1
4x1
4x1
4x1
Kalmetasone
(Dexametason)
3x2cc
(4mg/ml)
Rantin (Ranitidine)
2x1 amp
(50mg/2ml)
2x1 amp
(50mg/2
ml)
2x1 amp
(50mg/2ml)
2x1
(50mg/2
ml)
Pantozol
2x1 amp
Prosogan
(Lanzoprazole)
2x1 amp
4 ap
5 ap
6 ap
7 ap
8 ap
Farmadol
(Parasetamol)
4x500 mg
4x500mg
4x500mg
4x500mg
Bisolvon
(Bromhexin Hcl)
3x1 amp
(4mg/ 2ml)
3x1 amp
(4mg/ 2ml)
3x1 amp
(4mg/ 2ml)
3x1 amp
(4mg/2ml)
Tomit
(Metoclopramide)
3x1 amp
(10mg/2ml)
3x1 amp
(10mg/2ml)
3x1 amp
(10mg/2ml)
3x1 amp
(10mg/2ml)
INFUS (7-4-2011)
Aminofusin L 600
Triofosin E 1000
1000 cc
500 cc
63 cc/ jam
DEFINISI
KLASIFIKASI
Kegagalan oksigenasi
pH
pO2
pCO2
Etiologi :
Pneumonia - Pulmonary oedem
Pulmonary fibrosis- Bronchiectasis
Asthma - ARDS
Pneumothorax - Obesity
Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary arterial hypertension
Cyanoticcongenital heart disease
PENYEBAB
MEKANISME
FiO2
Ventilation-perfusion mismatch
Right-to-left shunt
Diffusion abnormalities
Pump failure
pH
pCO2
pO2
Etiologi :
Chronic
MEKANISME
PENYEBAB
1. Respiratory centre problems (eg. brainstem stroke,
opioid-induced respiratory suppression)
2. Cervical cord lesion
3. Motor neuron problems (eg motor neuron disease)
4. Neuropathy (eg. Guillain-Barre syndrome)
5. Neuromuscular junction problems ( myasthenia gravis)
6. Muscle problems (eg. muscular dystrophy)
7. Ribcage problems (eg. severe kryphoscoliosis)
8. Upper airway obstruction (eg. epiglottitis)
9. Extrapulmonary problems with diaphragmatic splinting
(eg. severe ascites, intestinal obstruction)
GEJALA KLINIK
PEMERIKSAAN
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
FIO2
Ventilation
without
perfusion
(deadspace
ventilation)
Hypoventilation
Diffusion
abnormality
Normal
Perfusion
without
ventilation
(shunting)
PATHOGENESIS OF TUBERCULOSIS
GEJALA KLINIK
CNS:
Nyeri
Kepala
Gangguan penglihatan
Kecemasan
Bingung
Hilang Ingatan
Lemah
Penurunan fungsi
GEJALA KLINIK
Pulmonal:
Batuk
Nyeri dada
Produksi sputum
Stridor
Dyspnea
Cardiac:
Orthopnea
Edema perifer
Nyeri dada
Lain-lain:
Demam,
nyeri perut,
Anemia,
perdarahan
KLINIS
Respiratory compensation
Sympathetic stimulation
Tissue hypoxia
Haemoglobin desaturation
CLINICAL
Respiratory compensation
Tachypnoea
Sympathetic stimulation
Tissue hypoxia
Haemoglobin desaturation
CLINICAL
Respiratory compensation
Sympathetic stimulation
HR
BP
sweating
Tissue hypoxia
Haemoglobin desaturation
CLINICAL
Respiratory compensation
Sympathetic stimulation
Tissue hypoxia
Altered
mental state
HR and BP (late)
Haemoglobin desaturation
CLINICAL
Altered mental state
PaO2 +PaCO2 acidosis dilatation of
cerebral resistance vesseles ICP
PENATALAKSANAAN
Airway management
Objektif primer :
3.
Objektif sekunder :
4.
INDIKASI VENTILASI
MEKANIK
1.
2.
3.
4.
PENATALAKSANAAN
Terapi suportif :
Manajemen
PENATALAKSANAAN
Bronkospasme : bronkodilator
Infeksi : Antibiotika (bergantung hasil tes resistensi kuman)
Retensi sputum :
Hidrasi
Nebulisasi
Fisioterapi
dada
Suction/penghisapan
PROGNOSIS
Quo ad vitam
: ad malam
Quo ad functionam : ad malam
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
TERIMAKASI
H