PERANCANGAN JARINGAN BERBASIS PC ROUTER MIKROTIK PADA PT

CAKRAWALA LINTAS MEDIA

SKRIPSI

Oleh:
Franklin Sehan
1000878574
Go Yufianto Gunawan
1000879841
Kelas/Kelompok: 07PET/10

Universitas Bina Nusantara

Jakarta
2010

PERANCANGAN JARINGAN BERBASIS PC ROUTER MIKROTIK PADA PT

CAKRAWALA LINTAS MEDIA

SKRIPSI

Diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk gelar kesarjanaan pada

Jurusan Teknik Informatika
Jenjang Pendidikan Strata-1

Oleh:
Franklin Sehan
1000878574
Go Yufianto Gunawan
1000879841
Kelas/Kelompok: 07PET/10

Universitas Bina Nusantara

Jakarta
2010

PRAKATA

Puji syukur kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa yang telah memberikan rahmat dan
karunia-Nya sehingga skripsi ini dapat diselesaikan dengan baik. Skripsi ini berjudul
Perancangan Jaringan Berbasis PC Router Mikrotik pada PT Cakrawala Lintas Media
yang disusun dan diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat akhir dalam menyelesaikan
jenjang studi Strata 1 di Fakultas Ilmu Komputer jurusan Teknik Informatika Universitas
Bina Nusantara.
Dalam penulisan skripsi ini, kami mendapat banyak bantuan dari berbagai pihak
baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Oleh karena itu, kami sampaikan
terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada:
1. Bapak Prof. Dr. Ir. Harjanto Prabowo, MM selaku Rektor Universitas Bina Nusantara.
2. Bapak Ir. Sablin Yusuf, M.Sc., M.Comp.Sc. selaku Dekan Fasilkom Universitas Bina
Nusantara.
3. Bapak Fredy Purnomo, S.Kom., M.Kom. selaku ketua jurusan Teknik Informatika
Universitas Bina Nusantara.
4. Bapak Tatang G. Setiadji, M. Eng selaku Dosen Pembimbing Skripsi yang telah
membimbing dalam penyusunan skripsi ini dari awal hingga akhir penulisan.
5. Para Staff Pengajar Fasilkom yang telah membekali kami dengan ilmu pengetahuan
yang sangat berguna demi masa depan kami.
6. Bapak Gresen Gustiantoro, selaku staff NOC yang telah memberikan banyak
informasi dan masukan dalam penyusunan skripsi kami

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7. Bapak Feliks Christono, pimpinan PT. Cakrawala Lintas Media, yang telah
mengijinkan kami melakukan survei dan juga kerja praktek untuk memenuhi tugas
akhir.
8. Keluarga kami, khususnya orang tua yang telah memberikan dukungan dalam bentuk
material maupun spiritual
9. Seluruh rekan-rekan yang telah membantu dalam penyelesaian skripsi ini baik secara
langsung maupun tidak langsung.
Kami sudah berusaha semaksimal mungkin dalam penyusunan skripsi ini, tetapi
mungkin masih terdapat kekurangan-kekurangan. Oleh karena itu, kami mengharapkan
masukan baik berupa saran dan kritik yang membangun dari pembaca yang sangat
membantu untuk menyempurnakan skripsi ini. Akhir kata, semoga skripsi ini dapat
bermanfaat.

Jakarta, Januari 2010

Penulis

ix

DAFTAR ISI

Halaman Judul Luar ................................................................................................. i

Halaman Judul Dalam ............................................................................................. ii
Halaman Persetujuan Hard Cover .......................................................................... iii
Halaman Pernyataan Dewan Penguji ..................................................................... iv
Halaman Pemberian Hak Cipta Non Eksklusif dari Mahasiswa ke Universitas Bina
Nusantara ............................................................................................................... vi
Abstrak .................................................................................................................. vii
Prakata .................................................................................................................. viii
Daftar Isi ..................................................................................................................x
Daftar Gambar ...................................................................................................... xiii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................1
1.1 Latar Belakang .............................................................................................1
1.2 Ruang Lingkup...........................................................................................2
1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat ...................................................................................2
1.4 Metodologi .................................................................................................3
1.5 Sistematika Penulisan ................................................................................4
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI ..................................................................................6
2.1 Teori Umum .................................................................................................6
2.1.1 Jaringan(Network) ..............................................................................6
2.1.2 Klasifikasi Jaringan Komputer ............................................................6
2.1.3 Topologi Jaringan ................................................................................8
2.1.4 Protokol Jaringan...............................................................................11
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2.1.5 Internet ..............................................................................................16

2.1.6 Firewall .............................................................................................17
2.1.7 Perangkat Keras Jaringan ..................................................................19
2.2 Teori Khusus ..............................................................................................21
2.2.1 Mikrotik ............................................................................................21
BAB III ANALISIS SISTEM YANG SEDANG BERJALAN .............................24
3.1 Riwayat Singkat Perusahaan ......................................................................24
3.2 Struktur Organisasi Perusahaan .................................................................24
3.3 Sistem yang Sedang Berjalan .....................................................................27
3.4 Permasalahan yang Dihadapi .....................................................................28
3.5 Analisis Permasalahan ...............................................................................29
3.6 Usulan Pemecahan Masalah.......................................................................30
BAB IV PERANCANGAN JARINGAN ..............................................................32
4.1 Rancangan Topologi ..................................................................................32
4.2 Perangkat Keras .........................................................................................34
4.2.1 Spesifikasi Perangkat Keras ..............................................................34
4.2.2 Instalasi Perangkat Keras ..................................................................35
4.3 Piranti Lunak ..............................................................................................36
4.3.1 Spesifikasi Piranti Lunak ..................................................................36
4.3.2 Instalasi Piranti Lunak ......................................................................36
4.4 Konfigurasi Mikrotik .................................................................................40
4.4.1 Konfigurasi IP Address PC Router ...................................................40
4.4.2 Konfigurasi Awal menggunakan Winbox .........................................42
4.4.3 Pengaturan Bandwith Limit ..............................................................57
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4.4.4 Security .............................................................................................63

4.4.5 Konfigurasi Penjadwalan Proses .......................................................70
4.4.6 Backup Konfigurasi ..........................................................................73
4.4.7 Setting Mikrotik Tools ......................................................................74
BAB V UJI COBA .................................................................................................77
5.1 Uji Coba DHCP Server ..............................................................................77
5.2 Uji Coba Blocking Website .......................................................................85
5.3 Uji Coba Penjadwalan Proses ....................................................................87
5.4 Uji Coba Limitasi Bandwidth ....................................................................89
5.5 Uji Coba Blok IP Address ..........................................................................92
BAB VI SIMPULAN DAN SARAN.....................................................................94
6.1 Simpulan ....................................................................................................94
6.2 Saran...........................................................................................................95
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................96
RIWAYAT HIDUP............................................................................................... L1
LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN.................................................................................... L4
SURAT SURVEI .................................................................................................. L7

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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Topologi Bus ....................................................................................... 9
Gambar 2.2 Topologi Ring ..................................................................................... 9
Gambar 2.3 Topologi Star ..................................................................................... 10
Gambar 2.4 Topologi Hybrid ................................................................................ 10
Gambar 2.5 OSI Model ......................................................................................... 11
Gambar 2.6 TCP/IP Model ................................................................................... 14
Gambar 2.7 Level MikroTik ................................................................................. 22
Gambar 3.1 Struktur Organisasi............................................................................ 25
Gambar 3.2 Topologi jaringan yang sedang berjalan ........................................... 28
Gambar 4.1 Rancangan Topologi Baru................................................................. 32
Gambar 4.2 Topologi jaringan simulasi ................................................................ 34
Gambar 4.3 Tampilan utama menu instalasi Mikrotik RouterOS......................... 37
Gambar 4.4 Pilihan fasilitas Mikrotik RouterOS .................................................. 38
Gambar 4.5 Proses Instalasi Mikrotik RouterOS .................................................. 38
Gambar 4.6 Proses Instalasi Mikrotik RouterOS telah selesai ............................. 39
Gambar 4.7 Halaman Log In Mikrotik ................................................................. 40

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Gambar 4.8 Konfigurasi IP Address ..................................................................... 41

Gambar 4.9 Pengaturan IP Address di server ....................................................... 42
Gambar 4.10 Tampilan Mikrotik RouterOS Configuration Page ......................... 43
Gambar 4.10 Tampilan Log In Winbox ................................................................ 44
Gambar 4.11 Tampilan halaman utama Winbox .................................................. 45
Gambar 4.12 Add Route ....................................................................................... 46
Gambar 4.13 Route List ........................................................................................ 47
Gambar 4.14 DNS Setting .................................................................................... 48
Gambar 4.15 DHCP Setup IP Jaringan .............................................................. 49
Gambar 4.16 DHCP Setup Gateway .................................................................. 50
Gambar 4.17 DHCP Setup DHCP Relay ........................................................... 50
Gambar 4.18 DHCP Setup IP Pool .................................................................... 51
Gambar 4.19 DHCP Setup DNS Server............................................................. 52
Gambar 4.20 DHCP Setup Lease Time ............................................................. 53
Gambar 4.21 DHCP Server dan IP Pool ............................................................... 54
Gambar 4.22 DHCP Server Lease ........................................................................ 55
Gambar 4.23 Pengaturan NAT.............................................................................. 56

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Gambar 4.24 NAT Action ..................................................................................... 56

Gambar 4.25 NAT Semua client ........................................................................... 57
Gambar 4.26 Mark Connection-General ............................................................... 59
Gambar 4.27 Mark Connection-Action ................................................................ 59
Gambar 4.28 Mark Packet General .................................................................... 60
Gambar 4.29 Mark Packet Action...................................................................... 61
Gambar 4.30 Firewall Mangle Mark..................................................................... 61
Gambar 4.31 Setting Queue tree ........................................................................... 62
Gambar 4.32 Blok IP ............................................................................................ 64
Gambar 4.33 New Filter Rule - General ............................................................... 65
Gambar 4.34 New Filter Rule - Advanced........................................................... 65
Gambar 4.35 New Filter Rule - Action ................................................................. 66
Gambar 4.36 Filter Rule IP Blok .......................................................................... 66
Gambar 4.37 Bloking Situs ................................................................................... 68
Gambar 4.38 Filter Rules bloking situs - General................................................. 69
Gambar 4.39 Filter Rules bloking situs - Advanced ............................................. 69
Gambar 4.40 Filter Rules bloking situs Action.................................................. 70

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Gambar 4.41 Pengantian Password ....................................................................... 71

Gambar 4.42 Script Penjadwalan Proses .............................................................. 72
Gambar 4.43 Scheduler ......................................................................................... 73
Gambar 4.44 BackUp konfigurasi Mikrotik RouterOS ........................................ 74
Gambar 4.45 Konfigurasi Graphing...................................................................... 75
Gambar 4.46 Graphing pada Web Browser .......................................................... 75
Gambar 4.47 Packet Sniffer .................................................................................. 76
Gambar 5.1 Konfigurasi DHCP pada PC Router .................................................. 78
Gambar 5.2 Setting Auto DHCP pada klien 1 ...................................................... 79
Gambar 5.3 Setting Auto DHCP pada klien 2 ...................................................... 79
Gambar 5.4 IP address klien 1 yang didapat dari DHCP Server .......................... 80
Gambar 5.5 Ping ke PC Router dari klien 1 .......................................................... 81
Gambar 5.6 Ping ke modem dari klien 1............................................................... 81
Gambar 5.7 IP address klien 2 yang didapat dari DHCP Server .......................... 82
Gambar 5.8 Ping ke PC Router dari klien 2 .......................................................... 82
Gambar 5.9 Ping ke modem dari klien 2............................................................... 83
Gambar 5.10 Website Yahoo dibuka dari klien 1 ................................................. 84

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Gambar 5.11 Website BiNusMaya dibuka dari klien 2 ........................................ 84

Gambar 5.12 Daftar IP DHCP yang terhubung pada PC Router .......................... 85
Gambar 5.13 Konfigurasi blocking Facebook ...................................................... 86
Gambar 5.14 Daftar situs yang di-blok ................................................................. 86
Gambar 5.15 Website Facebook ter-blok.............................................................. 87
Gambar 5.16 Schedule malam ........................................................................... 88
Gambar 5.17 Transisi schedule malam ke pagi 06.59 ................................ 88
Gambar 5.18 Transisi schedule malam ke pagi 07.00 ................................ 89
Gambar 5.19 Download pada PC 1 saat schedule malam aktif ......................... 90
Gambar 5.20 Download pada PC 2 saat schedule malam aktif ......................... 90
Gambar 5.21 Download pada PC 1 saat schedule pagi aktif ............................. 91
Gambar 5.22 Download pada PC 2 saat schedule pagi aktif ............................. 91
Gambar 5.23 Setting manual IP address ............................................................... 92
Gambar 5.24 Ping ke PC Router dengan IP address diluar range ......................... 93
Gambar 5.25 Ping ke Modem dengan IP address diluar range ............................ 93

xvii