[Revision of
ANSI/AGMA 1012--F90]
American
National
Standard
ABSTRACT
This standard lists terms and their definitions with symbols for gear nomenclature.
Published by
ii
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Contents
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
1
Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2
Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3
Terms and symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
4
Geometric definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4.1 General designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4.2 Kinds of gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4.3 Principal planes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.4 Principal directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.5 Surfaces and dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.6 Terms related to gear teeth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.7 Terms related to gear pairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4.8 Terms related to tooth contact in a gear pair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5
Inspection definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Index of terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Annexes
A
B
C
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Glossary of trade terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Terms and symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
iii
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Foreword
[The foreword, footnotes and annexes, if any, in this document are provided for
informational purposes only and are not to be construed as a part of ANSI/AGMA
1012--G05, Gear Nomenclature, Definitions of Terms with Symbols.]
In 1926 the AGMA adopted a recommended practice for gearing nomenclature, terms and
definitions. It included some symbols and abbreviations.
A complete revision of terms and definitions by the AGMA Nomenclature Committee was
issued as AGMA 112.02 in October, 1948. This later became AGMA 112.03, and American
Standard B6.10--1954, with ASME as a co--sponsor.
A separate project dealing with Letter Symbols for Gear Engineering appeared in 1943 as
AGMA 111.01, later becoming AGMA 111.03 and American Standard B6.5--1954.
Abbreviations for Gearing was another separate project released as AGMA 116.01 in 1955.
Most of these abbreviations were already listed in American Standard Z32.13--1950
Abbreviations for Use on Drawings, and it was, therefore, unnecessary to process gearing
abbreviations as a separate American Standard. The number of abbreviations used in
gearing has intentionally been kept very small to permit memorizing without the need to
refer to the standard.
AGMA Standard 112.04, Gear Nomenclature (Geometry) Terms, Definitions, Symbols and
Abbreviations, was a complete revision and integration of the three standards previously
mentioned. Because of the widespread acceptance of the previous standards, changes
were kept to a minimum. The standard in this form was approved by the AGMA Membership
on April 25, 1965.
AGMA 112.05 included several revisions to keep it abreast of the then current gearing
techniques. It was approved by Standards Committee B6, Gears, the Co--Secretariats and
the American National Standards Institute on February 3, 1976 and designated ANSI
B6.14--1976.
ANSI/AGMA 1012--F90 was a revision of 112.05. This revision incorporated the terms from
AGMA Standard 116.01 (Oct., 1972), Glossary of Terms Used in Gearing, and terms from
ANSI/AGMA 2000--A88, Gear Classification and Inspection Handbook, Tolerances and
Measuring Methods for Unassembled Spur and Helical Gears (Including Metric
Equivalents). In addition, terms which started to be commonly used in gear load rating were
introduced in the annex.
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05 is a revision that updates the style of presentation, reordered the
sequence of some terms, added definitions for right and left flank, and modified annexes B
and C.
The first draft of ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05 was made in June 2002. It was approved by the
AGMA membership in July, 2005. It was approved as an American National Standard on
September 29, 2005.
Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to the
American Gear Manufacturers Association, 500 Montgomery Street, Suite 350, Alexandria,
Virginia 22314.
iv
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
ACTIVE MEMBERS
M.R. Chaplin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
R.L. Errichello . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
O.A. LaBath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
T. Miller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J.M. Rinaldo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
vi
Gear Nomenclature,
Definitions of Terms with
Symbols
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
3.2 Symbols
The purpose of standard symbols for gear engineering is to establish a uniform practice in mathematical
notation for equations and formulas dealing with
toothed gearing. Such equations and corresponding
calculations may be used in connection with design,
application, manufacture, inspection, new methods,
and new problems.
NOTE: The symbols and definitions used in this standard may differ from other AGMA standards. The user
should not assume that familiar symbols can be used
without a careful study of these definitions.
1 Scope
This standard establishes the definitions of terms,
symbols and abbreviations which may be used to
communicate the technology and specifications of
external and internal gear teeth. It provides definitive
meanings by the use of words and illustrations, for
commonly used gearing terms.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which,
through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
the standard. At the time of publication, the editions
were valid. All publications are subject to revision,
and the users of this standard are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent
editions of the publications listed.
ISO 701:1998, International gear notation -Symbols for geometrical data.
(2M)
(2)
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Pinion
3.2.2 Typography
In accordance with the usual practice in published
text, symbols, whether upper or lower case, should
be printed in serif italic font. This is done to avoid
confusion in reading the symbols and to make a
distinction between upper and lower case. An
exception is Greek capital letters and all subscripts,
which are always vertical sans serif font.
Numbers appearing as coefficients, subscripts,
superscripts, or exponents should be printed in
vertical Arabic numerals. Abbreviations should
always be printed vertical and are not recommended
for use in formulas. Trigonometric functions should
be printed in lower case vertical type. Standard
mathematical notation should be followed.
4 Geometric definitions
There is an old Chinese proverb that states: The
beginning of wisdom is to call things by their right
names. Unfortunately, gearing terms and meanings
vary in different offices, shops, textbooks, and
among gear authorities.
To obtain related continuity, the terms have been
grouped in what may be called a textbook arrangement in preference to alphabetical order. Many of
the definitions have been written in a way that makes
them depend on one another, as a logical series.
This arrangement leads to a more comprehensive
understanding of the concepts and geometrical
relations.
4.1 General designations
4.1.1 Gears
Gears are machine elements that transmit motion by
means of successively engaging teeth, see figure 1.
4.1.2 Gear (wheel)
A gear (wheel) is a machine part with gear teeth. Of
two gears that run together, the one with the larger
Gear
(wheel)
Rack
Figure 1 -- Gears
4.1.3 Pinion
A pinion is a machine part with gear teeth. Of two
gears that run together, the one with the smaller
number of teeth is called the pinion, see figure 1.
4.1.4 Worm
A worm is a gear with one or more teeth in the form of
screw threads, see figures 2 and 9.
Figure 2 -- Worm
4.1.5 Rack
A rack is a gear with teeth spaced along a straight
line, and suitable for straight line motion. It can be
regarded as part of a gear of infinitely large diameter,
see figure 1.
4.1.6 Basic rack
For every pair of conjugate involute profiles, there is
a basic rack (see 4.7.1). This basic rack is the profile
of the conjugate gear of infinite pitch radius, see
figure 3.
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Profile angle
Left hand
(1M)
Right hand
Figure 5 -- Parallel helical gears
N
mG = G
NP
(1)
Pinion
Gear
External gear
Internal gear
Rack
External bevel gear
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Single helical
gears
Double helical
gears
Herringbone
gears
4.2.4 Wormgearing
Wormgearing includes worms and their mating
gears. The axes are usually at right angles, see
figure 9.
Cylindrical
worm
Helical gear
Helical rack
Enveloping
wormgear
Cylindrical
(non--enveloping)
wormgear
Figure 9 -- Wormgearing
4.2.4.1 Wormgear (wormwheel)
A wormgear (wormwheel) is the mate to a worm. A
wormgear that is completely conjugate to its worm
has line contact and is said to be enveloping, see
figure 9. It is usually cut by a tool that is geometrically
similar to the worm. An involute spur gear or helical
gear used with a cylindrical worm has only point
contact.
4.2.4.2 Cylindrical worm
A cylindrical worm has one or more teeth in the form
of screw threads on a cylinder, see figures 2 and 9.
4.2.4.3 Enveloping (hourglass) worm
An enveloping (hourglass) worm has one or more
teeth and increases in diameter from its middle
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
on
non--intersecting,
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Pinion
90
Gear
Bevel gears
45_
45_
90_
Miter gears
Straight bevel
gears
Skew bevel
gears
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Pitch plane
Spiral bevel
gears
Zerol bevel
gears
Transverse
plane
Pitch
cylinder
Plane of axes
Offset
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Spur
gear
Bevel
gear
Plane of
rotation
Normal
plane
Transverse
planes
Pitch
plane
Line normal to
tooth surface in
normal plane
Pitch point
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Central
plane
Cylindrical
pitch surfaces
Transverse direction
Normal direction
Axial direction
Direction of tooth
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Bevel gear
Line of centers
Pitch point
Pitch circle
Gear center
Pitch line
Root cylinder
10
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Top land
Bottom land
Outside diameter
Root
circle
Root diameter
Gear throat
form radius
Inside
diameter
Throat
diameter
Addendum
circle
11
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Addendum circle
Root circle
Addendum
Dedendum
Clearance
Whole depth
(2M)
4.5.3.10 Dedendum, b, hf
Dedendum is the depth of a tooth space below the
standard (reference) pitch circle or pitch line; also,
the radial distance between the pitch circle and the
root circle, see figure 35.
4.5.4 Crossed axis gear terms (surfaces and
dimensions)
4.5.4.1 Pitch cone
A pitch cone is the imaginary cone in a bevel gear
that rolls without slipping on a pitch surface of
another gear, see figure 26.
4.5.4.2 Face (tip) cone
The face (tip) cone is the imaginary surface that
coincides with the tops of the teeth of a bevel or
hypoid gear, see figure 36.
(2)
Face
cone
Back cone
Front
cone
4.5.3.9 Addendum, a, ha
Addendum is the height by which a tooth projects
beyond (outside for external, or inside for internal)
the standard pitch circle or pitch line; also, the radial
distance between the pitch circle and the addendum
circle, see figure 35.
12
Root
cone
Crown circle
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Mounting
distance
Mounting
distance
Back angle
Front angle
Crossing
point
Cone
distance
Back cone
distance
Apex to back
Hypoid Gear and Pinion
13
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Involute
Involute
surface
Base
cylinder
Spur
Base circle
Helical
Involute
Base
circle
Involute
teeth
Base diameter
14
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Crown
magnitude
Cutting
tool
Profile
angle
Standard profile angles are established in connection with standard proportions of gear teeth and
standard gear cutting tools. Involute gears operate
together correctly after a change of center distance,
and gears designed for a different center distance
can be generated correctly by standard tools. A
change of center distance is accomplished by
changes in operating values for pitch diameter,
circular pitch, diametral pitch, pressure angle, and
tooth thicknesses or backlash. The same involute
gear may be used under conditions that change its
operating pitch diameter and pressure angle.
Unless there is a good reason for doing otherwise, it
is practical to consider that the pitch and the profile
angle of a single gear correspond to the pitch and the
profile angle of the hob or cutter used to generate its
teeth, see figure 44.
Profile
angle
Standard
pitch
circle
15
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Pressure
angle
r
A
Transverse
profile angle
Polar
angle
Axis
Involute
B
rb
O
Normal
profile angle
Point
Involute
Roll
angle
Cusp
Base
circle
Roll
angle
Circular pitch
4.6.12 Pitch
Pitch is the distance between a point on one tooth
and the corresponding point on an adjacent tooth. It
is a dimension measured along a line or curve in the
transverse, normal, or axial directions. The use of
the single word pitch without qualification may be
16
Figure 48 -- Pitch
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Base
pitch
Axis
Transverse
circular pitch
Axial pitch
Axis
Normal
circular pitch
Circular
pitch
Axial pitch
Base
pitch
Base
circle
Base tangent
Pd
cos
4.6.21 Module (transverse), mt
P d = N = 25.4
m =p
D
(3)
(4)
(5)
17
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Profile
Tip
Transverse
plane
(6)
Root
(7)
Fillet
curve
Tooth
surface
30R
2L
tip
left
flank
right
flank
30
29
I
I is reference face
30 R = pitch No. 30, right flank
2 L = pitch No. 2, left flank
Figure 53 -- Notation and numbering for external gear
30R
1L
tip
left flank
right
flank
2
29
1
30
I is reference face
1 L = pitch No. 1, left flank
30 R = pitch No. 30, right flank
Figure 54 -- Notation and numbering for internal gear
18
4.6.26 Profile
A profile is one side of a tooth in a cross section
between the outside circle and the root circle.
Usually a profile is the curve of intersection of a tooth
surface and a plane or surface normal to the pitch
surface, such as the transverse, normal, or axial
plane, see figure 52.
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Tip relief
Tip radius
Profile radius
of curvature
Fillet
radius
Fillet curve
Tangent at
lowest point
of working
profile
Figure 58 -- Undercut
4.6.27 Fillet curve (root fillet)
The fillet curve (root fillet) is the concave portion of
the tooth profile where it joins the bottom of the tooth
space, see figure 52.
4.6.27.1 Fillet radius, rf
Fillet radius is the radius of a circular arc approximating the root fillet curve. In generated teeth, the fillet
19
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Start of
active profile
(SAP)
x0
y0
Limit diameter
Profile control diameter
Form diameter
Helix
y
Base diameter
Tooth
Helix angle
Axis
(Undercut tooth)
Pitch
helix
Base
helix
angle
Base circle
Left hand
helical gear
20
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Cylinder
Pitch helix
Helix
90
Lead
Pitch
cylinder
Figure 64 -- Lead
Normal
helix
Lead
Lead angle
4.6.30.6 Lead, L, pz
Lead is the axial advance of a helix for one complete
turn, as in the threads of cylindrical worms and the
teeth of helical gears, see figure 64.
z mn
pz = px z = d =
tan
sin
(8)
21
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Left hand
Right hand
Left hand
Right hand
Right hand
Left hand
Right hand
22
Spiral angle
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Mean cone
distance
Shaft angle
Helical gears
Heel
Apex of
pitch cones
Toe
Bevel gears
Bevel gear
23
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
4.6.31.13 Toe
Face angle
Pitch angle
Root angle
Circular
thickness, t
Chordal
addendum
Datum
circle
Axis
Apex of pitch cone
Apex to back
Chordal
thickness
Root cone
Pitch angle
Addendum angle
Transverse circular thickness is the circular thickness in the transverse plane, see figure 77.
Dedendum angle
Normal circular thickness
Axial thickness
Axis
Transverse circular
thickness
Figure 75 -- Angles
Transverse circular
thickness
Axial
plane
24
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Circular
thickness
backlash.
factor, x.
Chordal
addendum
Normal chordal
thickness
Datum
circle
Normal plane
25
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Internal
External
Figure 82 -- Center distance
4.7.3 Offset, E
In figure 83, for hypoid gears, (a) and (b) are referred
to as having an offset below center, while those in (c)
and (d) have an offset above center. In determining
the direction of offset, it is customary to look at the
gear with the pinion at the right. For below center
offset the pinion has a left hand spiral, and for above
center offset the pinion has a right hand spiral.
aP
aG
26
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
4.7.10 Backlash, B, j
Backlash is the amount by which the width of a tooth
space exceeds the thickness of the engaging tooth
on the operating pitch circles, see figure 84.
As actually indicated by measuring devices, backlash may be determined variously in the transverse,
normal, or axial planes, and either in the direction of
the pitch circles, or on the line of action. Such
measurements may be converted to corresponding
values on transverse pitch circles for general comparisons.
Offset
Figure 83 -- Offset
Backlash
(transverse operating)
4.7.5 Clearance, c
Clearance is the distance between the root circle of a
gear and the addendum circle of its mate, see figure
35.
4.7.6 Working depth, hk, hw
Working depth is the depth of engagement of two
gears, that is, the sum of their operating addendums,
see figure 35.
4.7.7 Whole depth, ht, (tooth depth), he
Whole depth (tooth depth) is the total depth of a tooth
space, equal to addendum plus dedendum, also
equal to working depth plus clearance, see figure 35.
4.7.8 Pitch diameter
Pitch diameter is the diameter of a pitch circle, see
figure 30.
A bevel gear pitch diameter is understood to be at the
outer ends of the teeth unless otherwise specified.
4.7.9 Operating pitch diameters, dP, dw1, and dG,
dw2
Operating pitch diameters are the pitch diameters
determined from the numbers of teeth and the center
distance at which gears operate. Example for pinion:
2a
dw = 2 a =
z2
u+1
z1 + 1
Figure 84 -- Backlash
4.7.10.1 Backlash, minimum
Minimum backlash is the minimum transverse
backlash at the operating pitch circle allowable when
the gear tooth with the greatest allowable functional
tooth thickness is in mesh with the pinion tooth
having its greatest allowable functional tooth thickness, at the tightest allowable center distance, under
static conditions, see ANSI/AGMA 2002--B88.
4.7.10.2 Backlash variation
Difference between the maximum and minimum
backlash occurring in a whole revolution of the larger
of a pair of mating gears.
4.7.11 Effective face width, Fe
For cylindrical gears, effective face width is the
portion that contacts the mating teeth. One member
of a pair of gears may engage only a portion of its
mate, see functional face width, 5.1.6 and figure 66.
For bevel gears, different definitions for effective
face width are applicable.
4.8 Terms related to tooth contact in a gear
pair
4.8.1 Point of contact
(9)
27
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Point of contact
Line of action
Path of action
Line of contact
Plane of action
Tangent plane
Helical line of contact
Base cylinder
28
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Zone of
action
Length of
action
Line of
action
Face
width
Line of contact
Length of
action
Lines of contact
(before surface is crowned)
Path of contact
(after surface is crowned)
Arc of action
Points of contact
(after surface is crowned)
Arc of recess
Arc of
approach
Direction
of motion
29
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Maximum
addendum
circle
Line of
action
Minimum
operating
center
distance
Base
circle
Limit
diameter
(10M)
(10)
mt = mp + mF
0.5
(11)
5 Inspection definitions
The following definitions are used in AGMA
2000--A88, Gear Classification and Inspection
Handbook, Tolerances and Measuring Methods for
Unassembled Spur and Helical Gears (Including
Metric
Equivalents)
and
in
ANSI/AGMA
2015--1--A01, Accuracy Classification System -Tangential Measurements for Cylindrical Gears.
NOTE: ANSI/AGMA 2015--1--A01 replaces AGMA
2000--A88. For bevel and wormgear inspection nomenclature, see ANSI/AGMA 2009--B01 and ANSI/
AGMA 2011--A98 respectively.
Face advance
30
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
5.1.5 Eccentricity
Eccentricity is the distance between the center of a
measurement circle and a datum axis of rotation.
Ni =
N
cos
(12)
31
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Work gear
Master gear
Dial
indicator
composite
composite
32
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Total radial
composite
deviation
Maximum
tooth--to--tooth
radial
composite
deviation
360/z
+fpt
pt
k pt
Index
deviation
theoretical
actual
Figure 97 -- Pitch deviations
33
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Datum
circle
Circular
pitch, p
True
position
pitch
34
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Index variation, Vx
Vap3
--Vp
Vap
0
+Vp
5.6.1 Runout
Runout is the maximum variation of the distance
between a surface of revolution and a datum
surface, measured perpendicular to that datum
surface.
5.6.2 Axial runout (wobble)
--
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Tooth number
5.5.7
Total
tolerance
accumulated
pitch
variation
Functional
profile
The displacement of any tooth flank from its theoretical position relative to the corresponding flank of an
adjacent tooth, see figure 97.
(ANSI/AGMA
2015--1--A01)
Distinction is made as to the algebraic sign of this
reading. Thus, a condition wherein the actual tooth
flank position was nearer to the adjacent tooth flank
than the theoretical position would be considered a
minus (--) deviation. A condition wherein the actual
tooth flank position was farther from the adjacent
tooth flank than the theoretical position would be
considered a plus (+) deviation.
ANSI/AGMA 2015--1--A01 specifies tolerancing direction of measurement for single pitch deviation to
External
tooth
Addendum (outside)
diameter
Start of tip break
Pitch diameter
Profile control
diameter
Base circle
Root diameter
Root diameter
Profile control
diameter
Pitch diameter
Functional
profile
Internal
tooth
Addendum (inside)
diameter
Base circle
35
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
True involute
Minus
profile
Profile control
diameter
Addendum diameter
Space
(+)
Tooth
(--)
Profile
control diameter
0 Reference line
36
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Variation, V
Specified
Measured
Contact path of
measuring point
+
Gear
axis
Functional
face width
Reference
line
VT
Facewidth
37
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
38
5.11.1 Quality
Quality is the characteristic properties of a gear
distinguishing the nature of its manufacturing
tolerances.
5.11.2 Quality number, Q
Quality number is a number representative of the
level of quality possessed by a gear, as determined
by AGMA 2000--A88 for cylindrical gears, or AGMA
390.03a for bevel gears.
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
5.11.3 Variation
Tolerance is the amount by which a specific dimension is permitted to vary. The tolerance is the
difference between the maximum and minimum
limits and is an absolute value without sign, see
figure 108.
Specified
distance
Measured
distance
Minimum
limit
Variation
Specified
dimension
Tolerance
Maximum
limit
Tolerance
Specified
dimension
Minus
variation
Minimum
limit
Maximum
limit
Plus
variation
Allowable
measurement
(minimum)
Allowable measurement
(maximum)
39
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
40
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Annex A
(informative)
Abbreviations
[This annex is provided for informational purposes only and should not be construed as a part of ANSI/AGMA
1012--G05, Gear Nomenclature, Definitions of Terms with Symbols.]
A. Purpose
This annex is for common abbreviations. In 2.2, it is
indicated that abbreviations must be distinguished
from symbols. The symbol for circular pitch is the
single lower--case italic letter p, whereas the abbreviation is CP. Abbreviations are shortened forms of
words often used on drawings, in correspondence, in
tables, in texts, and for stamping tools, but are not
suitable for use in equations. Accepted abbreviations are given in tables A.1 and A.2.
Table A.1 -- Abbreviations
Abbreviation
ADD
AP
APA
BD
BHA
BP
CD
CP
DED
DP
DIA
FIN
FL
FW
HA
ID
L
LA
LH
NCP
NDP
NPA
OD
OHA
PA
PD
PRE--S
RGH
RH
T
THD
TOP
TR
WD
Term
addendum
axial pitch
axial pressure angle
base diameter
base helix angle
base pitch
center distance
circular pitch
dedendum
diametral pitch
diameter
finishing
flute lead
face width
helix angle
inside diameter; internal diameter
lead
lead angle
left hand
normal circular pitch
normal diametral pitch
normal pressure angle
outside diameter
outside helix angle
pressure angle; profile angle
pitch diameter
preshaving
roughing
right hand
teeth
thread
topping
test radius
whole depth
Term
Brinell hardness number
degrees Centigrade
compounded
cycles per second
clockwise
counterclockwise
degree
decibel
extreme pressure
degrees Fahrenheit
feet per minute
foot--pounds
gallons
horsepower
inches
inch--pounds
kilograms
pounds
maximum
minimum
microinches
number
pounds per square inch
revolutions per minute
Saybolt Seconds Universal
total indicator runout
total indicator variation
41
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Annex B
(informative)
Glossary of trade terms
[This annex is provided for informational purposes only and should not be construed as a part of AGMA 1012--G05,
Gear Nomenclature, Definitions of Terms with Symbols.]
B.1 Purpose
This annex is intended to be a reference for trade
terms in AGMA literature.
B.2 Tradenames
The following is a non--inclusive list of tradenames
which are sometimes used to describe gear
geometry.
Beveloid. Gears are general involute helicoids
conjugate to a basic rack. They are characterized by
a tapered depth and a tapered tooth thickness. They
allow backlash adjustment and feature insensitivity
to mismatch and misalignment. They allow meshing
in any geometric configuration and with any conjugate mate, spur, helical, worm, rack, face, internal,
etc.
Cone wormgearing is double enveloping produced by a particular process, see 4.2.4.4.
Coniflex bevel gears. A straight bevel gear that is
generated by a special process which crowns the
teeth and gives localized tooth contact.
42
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Annex C
(informative)
Terms and symbols
[This annex is provided for informational purposes only and should not be construed as a part of AGMA 1012--G05,
Gear Nomenclature, Definitions of Terms with Symbols.]
C. Purpose
This annex is intended to be a reference for
additional terms and symbols used within AGMA
Description
Cone distance
Accuracy grade
Accuracy grade identifier prefix
Inner cone distance
Gear inner cone distance
Mean cone distance
Gear mean cone distance
Pinion mean cone distance
Outer cone distance
Gear outer cone distance
Gear mean chordal addendum
Pinion mean chordal addendum
Gear mean addendum
Normal chordal addendum
Gear outer addendum
Pinion outer addendum
Pinion mean addendum
Backlash
Outer normal backlash allowance
Normal backlash
Transverse backlash
Dedendum
Gear mean dedendum
Gear outer dedendum
Pinion outer dedendum
Pinion mean dedendum
Pinion inner dedendum
Pinion limit inner dedendum
Center distance
Application factor for pitting resistance
Curvature factor at pitch line
Mesh alignment correction factor
Surface condition factor for pitting resistance
Gear ratio factor
43
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Old AGMA
New
Symbol
AGMA/ISO
Symbol
CH
CL
CM
KM
Cm
Cma
Cmc
Cmf
Cmt
Cp
Cpf
Cpm
CR
CSF
Cs
CT
Cv
Cx
C
c
c
cp
c1
cham
D
d
D
de2
Db
Dc
Di
Dm
dm2
Do
dae2
Do
DR
d
d
de1
di
dHe ref1
dm
dm1
do
dae1
dp
dT
dt
E
a
E
EG
EP
et
F
b
F
b
44
Description
Old AGMA
New
Symbol
AGMA/ISO
Symbol
Fe
Fis
FisT
Fp
FpT
Ft
F
FT
F
FT
ff
ffT
ff
ffT
fH
fHT
fis
fisT
fp
fpt
fptT
FiP
bRi1
FP
b1
FoP
bRe1
G
Go
tGo
GR
tRG
HBG
HBP
h
hmw
ha
hap
hc
he
he max
hk
hk
hew
hm
hm
ht
ht
he
htG
h2
htP
h1
I
J
K
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Description
45
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Old AGMA
New
Symbol
AGMA/ISO
Symbol
Ka
Kac
KB
Kf
KL
Km
Ko
KR
KS
KF
Ks
KT
Kv
Ky
K1
K1
k
k1
k1
k2
k2
k3
k3
L
pz
LBG
tB2
LBP
tB1
LFG
tF2
LFP
tF1
LG
LP
LW
LXG
tE2
LXP
tE1
Lc
L
M
m
mB
mc
met
mF
mG
mG
u
mN
mn
mn
mo
mt
mp
mt
46
Description
Old AGMA
New
Symbol
AGMA/ISO
Symbol
m90
u90
N
N
z2
NC
Nc
Nc
zP
Ne
NG
z2
NP
z1
NS
z0
n
n
n
z1
nG
nP
nP
n
P
P
P
Pac
Pat
Pd
Pd
met
Pdm
Pnd
Psc
p
pb
pm
pm
pm
pN
pn
pt
pX
px
Q
Q
Q
Qa
QF
Qr
Qt
Qv
R
R
rmpt2
Rb
Rc
RiG
ript2
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Description
Equivalent 90 ratio
Number of teeth or threads
Number of gear teeth
Number of teeth in crown gear
Number of teeth in cutter
Number of crown gear teeth
Equivalent number of teeth
Number of teeth in gear
Number of teeth in pinion
Number of blade groups
Revolutions per unit of time
Number of pinion teeth
Revolutions per unit of time of gear
Revolutions per unit of time of pinion
Pinion speed
Transmitted power
Power
Allowable transmitted power for pitting resistance
Allowable transmitted power for bending strength
Diametral pitch
Outer transverse diametral pitch
Mean diametral pitch
Normal diametral pitch
Service horsepower
Circular pitch
Base pitch
True position pitch
Mean circular pitch
Normal base pitch
Normal circular pitch
Transverse circular pitch
Axial base pitch
Axial pitch
Quality number
Intermediate variable
Arc of approach
Face advance
Arc of recess
Arc of action
Transmission accuracy level number
Pitch radius of gear
Gear mean pitch radius
Base radius of gear
Pitch radius of cutter
Gear inside pitch radius
47
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Old AGMA
New
Symbol
AGMA/ISO
Symbol
RP
rmpt1
RiP
ri1
Ro
RR
Rr
R2P
rmn1
rc
rc0
rc1
lim
r
rb
rf
ro
rR
rt
rT
S
S1
S1
Md
s
sa
sac
sat
say
sc
ss
sw
T
TG
TG
T2
Tn
smn2
Tnc
smn2
TP
T1
s
sb
tG
sn
tn
smn1
tnc
sc
to
tP
tR
tT
tt
tx
Uat
48
Description
Old AGMA
New
Symbol
AGMA/ISO
Symbol
Uc
UH
UL
Vap
Vap
FpK
Vapk
Vcq
VcqT
VK
K
Vp
Vp max
fpt max
VpA
Vpn
Vq
VqT
Vr
VrT
Vs
Vx
V
VT
V
VT
V
VT
V
VT
v
vN
vn
vt
vt max
vx
W
Wa
Wd
Wmax
WN
Wn
Wr
Wr
Wr
Wt
Wt
Wt
WtG
Wt2
WtP
Wt1
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Description
49
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Old AGMA
New
Symbol
AGMA/ISO
Symbol
Wx
Wx
Wx
w
Xo
txo2
xi
xi
xo
txo1
Y
y
Z
Z
tz2
Za
ZiP
tzi1
Zo
tzo2
ZP
tzm1
ZR
tzR2
ZR
Z2
Z1
z
G
a2
P
a1
2
i
int 2
o
o
a2
R
R
f2
1
i
i
o
a1
R
f1
2
int1
B
j
BG
j2
Bi
gxi
Bo
gxe
BP
j1
bRi2
Fi
bRe2
Fo
FoP
bx1
50
Description
Old AGMA
New
Symbol
AGMA/ISO
Symbol
G
XG
K
K
P
a1
RP
rmpt1
RP/R
rmpt1--2
t
s
G
f2
P
f1
i
i
i
i
o
o
R
R
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
b
g
o
p
mG
mP
f
G
n
o
P
D
S
T
U
f
fD
fS
fT
fU
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Description
51
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Old AGMA
New
Symbol
AGMA/ISO
Symbol
n
c
n
lim
o
it
Ti
t
x
xW
cv1
1
cx1
2
m
b
G
m2
i
m
iG
i2
iP
i1
o
o
e
oG
e2
oP
1
P
P
m1
s
2P
m int1
G
P
o
o
R
R
o
o
i
i
1
1
0
vet
t
52
Description
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Index of terms
[The foreword, footnotes and annexes, if any, are provided for informational purposes only and should not be
construed as a part of AGMA 1012--G05, Gear Nomenclature, Definitions of Terms with Symbols.]
abbreviations
Paragraph
Figure
number
number
A.1
-- --
Reference
page
41
5.5.6
5.5.7
5.5.8
100
-- -100
35
35
35
accuracy grade
5.10
-- --
38
5.3.3.1
4.8.10
5.3.3
4.8.9
4.8.4
4.8.3
4.8.6
4.8.5
4.8.7
95
92
-- -91
87, 91, 93
85, 88
88
-- -89
32
29
32
29
28
28
28
28
28
4.8.18
59
30
addendum
addendum angle
addendum circle
addendum teeth, modified
addendum, chordal
4.5.3.9
4.6.31.17
4.5.3.8
4.6.32.12
4.6.32.7
35
75
33, 34
-- -78
12
24
12
25
25
5.1.14
-- --
31
advance, face
4.8.19
94
30
5.8.3
5.8.4
5.8.2
5.8.1
104, 105
-- --- --- --
37
37
37
37
5.5.4
5.11.4
-- -107
34
39
angle, addendum
angle, axial pressure
angle, axial profile
angle, back
angle, base helix
angle, base lead
4.6.31.17
4.6.9
4.6.9
4.5.4.4.2
4.6.30.3.1
4.6.30.3.2
75
45
45
37
62
-- --
24
16
16
13
20
20
Term
53
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
angle, dedendum
angle, face (tip)
angle, front
angle, helix
angle, inner spiral
angle, involute polar
angle, involute roll
angle, lead
angle, mean spiral
angle, normal pressure
angle, normal profile
angle, operating pressure
angle, outer spiral
angle, outside helix
angle, outside lead
angle, pitch
angle, pressure
angle, profile
angle, root
angle, shaft
angle, spiral
angle, standard profile
angle, transverse pressure
angle, transverse profile
Paragraph
number
4.6.31.18
4.6.31.15
4.5.4.6
4.6.30.1
4.6.31.6
4.6.10
4.6.11
4.6.30.7
4.6.31.4
4.6.8
4.6.8
4.7.4
4.6.31.5
4.6.30.5.1
4.6.30.5.2
4.6.31.14
4.6.4
4.6.5
4.6.31.16
4.6.31.7
4.6.31.3
4.6.6
4.6.7
4.6.7
75
74
37
61, 65
70
46
47
65
70
45
45
-- -70
-- --- -74, 75
43, 46
43, 44
74
71
69, 70
44
45
45
Reference
page
24
24
13
20
23
16
16
21
22
16
16
26
22
21
21
24
14
15
24
23
22
15
15
15
4.2.5.6
4.6.23
14
-- --
6
18
apex to back
4.5.4.8
37, 38
13
approach, arc of
4.8.11
92
29
arc of action
arc of approach
arc of recess
4.8.10
4.8.11
4.8.12
92
92
92
29
29
29
axes, plane of
4.3.2
17
axial pitch
axial plane
axial pressure angle
axial profile angle
axial runout
axial thickness
4.6.16
4.3.1
4.6.9
4.6.9
5.6.2
4.6.32.4
49, 50
19
45
45
-- -77
17
7
16
16
35
25
axis, datum
5.1.2
-- --
31
back angle
back cone
4.5.4.4.2
4.5.4.4
37
36
13
13
Term
54
Figure
number
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Paragraph
Figure
number
number
4.5.4.4.1
37
4.5.4.8
37, 38
Reference
page
13
13
backlash
backlash variation
backlash, minimum
4.7.10
4.7.10.2
4.7.10.1
84
-- --- --
27
27
27
base circle
base circular thickness
base cylinder
base diameter
base diameter, Cone gear
base helix
base helix angle
base lead angle
base pitch, normal
base pitch, transverse
base radius
4.6.2
4.6.32.5
4.6.2.3
4.6.2.1
4.6.2.4
4.6.30.3
4.6.30.3.1
4.6.30.3.2
4.6.18
4.6.17
4.6.2.2
39, 40, 47
78
41, 88
40, 59
-- -62
62
-- -50
50, 51
-- --
14
25
14
14
14
20
20
20
17
17
14
basic rack
4.1.6
bevel gear
bevel gear, angular
bevel gears, Formate
bevel gear, left hand spiral
bevel gear, right hand spiral
bevel gear, skew
bevel gear, spiral
bevel gear, straight
bevel gear, zerol
bevel gears, Coniflex
4.2.5.4
4.2.5.6
B.2
4.6.31.2
4.6.31.1
4.2.5.9
4.2.5.10
4.2.5.8
4.2.5.11
B.2
13
14
-- -67, 68
67, 68
16
17
16
17
-- --
5
6
42
22
22
6
6
6
7
42
Beveloid
B.2
-- --
42
blank, gear
5.1.7
-- --
31
bottom land
4.5.3.6.3
32
12
5.1.12
5.2.4
-- --- --
31
32
4.7.2
4.5.2
4.5.3.2
4.3.8
82, 93
28
28
23
26
10
10
9
chart, inspection
chart, profile
5.1.8
5.7.11
-- --- --
31
36
Term
55
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
chordal addendum
chordal height
chordal thickness, normal
Paragraph
Figure
number
number
4.6.32.7
78
4.6.32.7
78
4.6.32.6
78
Reference
page
25
25
25
circle, addendum
circle, base
circle, crown
circle, datum
circle, pitch (operating)
circle, root
circle, standard (reference) pitch
4.5.3.8
4.6.2
4.5.4.7
5.1.1
4.5.3.1.1
4.5.3.6.1
4.5.3.7
33, 34
39, 40, 47
36
76, 78
28, 84
33
44
12
14
13
31
10
11
12
circular pitch
circular pitch, normal
circular pitch, transverse
circular thickness
circular thickness, base
circular thickness, normal
circular thickness, transverse
4.6.13
4.6.15
4.6.14
4.6.32.1
4.6.32.5
4.6.32.3
4.6.32.2
48
49
49
76
78
77
77, 78
17
17
17
24
25
25
24
clearance
4.7.5
35
27
5.3.3
5.3.3.1
5.3.2.2
5.3.2.3
5.3.2.1
5.3.3.3
5.3.3.5
5.3.3.2
5.3.3.4
-- -95
-- --- --- --- --- -96
-- --
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
cone distance
cone distance, inner
cone distance, mean
cone distance, outer
Cone gear base diameter
Cone wormgearing
cone, back
cone, back, distance
cone, face (tip)
cone, front
cone, pitch
cone, root
4.6.31.8
4.6.31.11
4.6.3.10
4.6.31.9
4.6.2.4
B.2
4.5.4.4
4.5.4.4.1
4.5.4.2
4.5.4.5
4.5.4.1
4.5.4.3
70
70
70
70
-- --- -36
37
36
36
25, 26
36, 75
23
23
23
23
14
42
13
13
12
13
12
13
B.2
-- --
42
conjugate gear
4.7.1
-- --
26
Term
56
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
contact ratio
contact ratio, face
contact ratio, modified
contact ratio, total
contact ratio, transverse
contact zone
contact, line of
contact, path
contact, point
Paragraph
number
4.8.13
4.8.15
4.8.17
4.8.16
4.8.14
4.8.7
4.8.2
4.8.8
4.8.1
Reference
page
30
30
30
30
30
28
28
29
27
5.1.4
59
31
4.2.5
4.2.5.1
-- -11
5
5
crossing point
4.5.4.10
38
13
crown circle
crown gear
4.5.4.7
4.2.5.7
36
15
13
6
crowned teeth
4.6.3
42
14
5.4.2
-- --
34
4.6.26.2
56
19
curve, fillet
4.6.27
52, 58
19
5.1.10
-- --
31
cylinder, base
cylinder, inside
cylinder, outside (tip or addendum)
cylinder, pitch
cylinder, root
cylindrical gear terms
cylindrical worm
4.6.2.3
4.5.3.4
4.5.3.3
4.5.3.1
4.5.3.6
4.6.30
4.2.4.2
41, 88
33
29
24, 63
-- --- -2, 9
14
11
10
10
11
20
4
datum axis
datum circle
datum surface
datum tooth
5.1.2
5.1.1
5.2.1
5.1.3
-- -76, 78
-- --- --
31
31
31
31
dedendum
dedendum angle
4.5.3.10
4.6.31.18
35
75
12
24
depth, whole
depth, working
4.7.7
4.7.6
35
35
27
27
Term
Figure
number
57
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
design helix
design profile
Paragraph
Figure
number
number
5.8.5
-- -5.7.4
-- --
Reference
page
37
36
5.4.2
5.8.6
5.8.9
5.8.11
5.4.1
5.7.6
5.7.9
5.7.10
5.7.7
5.5.9
5.3.3.2
5.3.2.2
5.8.7
5.3.3.4
5.3.2.3
34
37
38
38
33
36
36
36
36
35
32
32
37
32
32
diameter, base
diameter, Cone gear base
diameter, form
diameter, inside
diameter, limit
diameter, operating pitch
diameter, outside
diameter, pitch
diameter, profile control
diameter, root
diameter, standard (reference) pitch
diameter, throat
diameter, tolerance
diameter, undercut
4.6.2.1
4.6.2.4
4.6.27.3
4.5.3.5
4.8.18
4.7.9
4.5.3.3.1
4.7.8
5.1.4
4.5.3.6.2
4.5.3.7.1
4.5.4.11
5.1.9
4.6.27.3
40, 59
-- -59
33
59, 93
-- -30, 31
30
59
30, 33
-- -31
-- --- --
14
14
19
11
30
27
11
27
31
12
12
13
31
20
4.6.19
4.6.20
-- --- --
17
17
direction, axial
direction, normal
direction, transverse
4.4.1
4.4.3
4.4.2
24
24
24
9
9
9
4.5.4.4.1
4.7.2
4.6.31.8
4.6.31.11
4.6.31.10
4.5.4.9
4.6.31.9
37
82, 93
70
70
70
38
70
13
26
23
23
23
13
23
Term
58
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Paragraph
number
5.3.3
5.3.3.1
5.3.3.3
5.3.3.2
5.3.3.5
5.3.3.4
-- -95
-- -96
-- --- --
Reference
page
32
32
32
32
32
32
double--enveloping wormgearing
4.2.4.4
10
4.2.3.6
eccentricity
5.1.5
-- --
31
4.7.11
66
27
4.2.4.3
10
4.6.32.15
81
26
4.5.1.2
4.5.1.1
-- -27
10
10
error, transmission
5.1.13
-- --
31
5.8.8
5.7.8
-- --- --
38
36
external gear
4.2.1
4.6.31.15
4.5.4.2
4.8.19
-- -4.8.15
4.2.5.3
4.6.30.8
4.7.11
5.1.6
4.6.30.9
74
36
94
75
-- -12
66, 89
66
-- -66
24
12
30
24
30
5
21
27
31
22
4.6.27
4.6.27.1
4.6.27
52, 58
56
-- --
19
19
19
5.1.10
-- --
31
5.3.2
4.6.25
4.6.25
-- -53, 54
53, 54
32
18
18
Term
Figure
number
59
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Paragraph
number
5.8.9
5.7.9
4.6.27.3
5.1.10
-- --- -59
-- --
Reference
page
38
36
19
31
B.2
-- --
42
front angle
front cone
4.5.4.6
4.5.4.5
37
36
13
13
full--depth teeth
4.6.32.13
-- --
26
5.1.6
5.7.1
5.7.5
5.9.3
-- -101
-- --- --
31
35
36
38
gap
-- --
66
21
gear (wheel)
gear blank
gear center
gear form filter cutoff
gear quality
gear ratio
gear, angular bevel
gear, bevel
gear, bevel, Formate
gear, bevel, skew
gear, bevel, spiral
gear, bevel, straight
gear, bevel, zerol
gear, conjugate
gear, crossed axis
gear, crossed helical
gear, crown
gear, double helical
gear, external
gear, face
gear, Formate bevel
gear, helical
gear, herringbone
gear, hypoid
gear, internal
gear, left hand helical
gear, left hand spiral bevel
gear, master
gear, miter
gear, parallel axis
4.1.2
5.1.7
4.5.2
5.1.10
5.11
4.1.9
4.2.5.6
4.2.5.4
B.2
4.2.5.9
4.2.5.10
4.2.5.8
4.2.5.11
4.7.1
4.2.5
4.2.5.1
4.2.5.7
4.2.3.6
4.2.1
4.2.5.3
B.2
4.2.3.3
4.2.3.7
4.2.5.12
4.2.2
4.6.29
4.6.31.2
5.3.1
4.2.5.5
4.2.3
1
-- -28
-- --- --- -14
13
-- -16
17
16
17
-- --- -11
15
8
4
12
-- -7
8
18
4
60
67, 68
-- -13
5
2
31
10
31
38
3
6
5
42
6
6
6
7
26
5
5
6
4
3
5
42
4
4
7
3
20
22
32
6
3
Term
60
Figure
number
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Paragraph
number
4.6.28
4.6.31.1
4.2.3.5
4.2.5.9
4.2.5.1
4.2.5.10
4.2.3.1
4.2.5.8
4.2.5.11
4.1.1
60
67, 68
8
16
-- -17
6
16
17
1
Reference
page
20
22
4
6
5
6
3
6
7
2
generating rack
4.1.7
-- --
grade, accuracy
5.10
-- --
38
heel
4.6.31.12
73
23
height, chordal
4.6.32.7
78
25
helical gear
helical gear, left--hand
helical gear, right--hand
helical rack
4.2.3.3
4.6.29
4.6.28
4.2.3.4
7
58
60
7
4
20
20
4
Helicon gearing
B.2
-- --
42
helix
helix angle
helix angle, base
helix angle, outside
helix deviation
helix deviation, total
helix evaluation range
helix form deviation
helix length of trace
helix line, mean
helix slope deviation
helix, base
helix, design
helix, normal
helix, outside (tip or addendum)
helix, pitch
-- -4.6.30.1
4.6.30.3.1
4.6.30.5.1
5.8.6
5.8.7
5.8.8
5.8.9
5.8.10
5.8.12
5.8.11
4.6.30.3
5.8.5
4.6.30.4
4.6.30.5
4.6.30.2
64
61, 65
62
-- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- -62
-- -63
62
62, 63
21
20
20
21
37
37
38
38
38
38
38
20
37
21
21
20
herringbone gear
4.2.3.7
4.2.4.3
10
hypoid gear
4.2.5.12
18
Term
Figure
number
61
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
index deviation
Paragraph
Figure
number
number
5.4.1
97
Reference
page
33
indicated surface
5.2.2
-- --
31
5.6.5
-- --
35
4.6.31.11
4.6.31.6
70
70
23
23
inside cylinder
inside diameter
4.5.3.4
4.5.3.5
33
33
11
11
inspection chart
5.1.8
-- --
31
internal gear
4.2.2
involute
involute form diameter, true (TIF)
involute polar angle
involute roll angle
involute teeth
-- -4.6.27.3
4.6.10
4.6.31.20
4.6.1
39
59
46
47
39, 40
14
19
16
16
14
K chart, profile
-- --
103
36
land, bottom
land, top
4.5.3.6.3
4.5.3.3.2
32
32
12
11
lead
lead angle
lead angle, base
lead angle, outside
lead tolerance
lead trace, measured
lead variation
4.6.30.6
4.6.30.7
4.6.30.3.2
4.6.30.5.2
5.8.3
5.8.4
5.8.2
64, 65
65
-- --- -104, 105
-- --- --
21
21
20
21
37
37
37
left flank
left hand helical gear
left hand spiral bevel gear
left hand worm
4.6.25
4.6.29
4.6.31.2
4.6.29
53, 54
60
67, 68
60
18
20
22
20
length of action
length of trace, helix
length, functional profile
length, roll path
4.8.9
5.8.10
5.7.5
5.1.11
91
-- --- --- --
29
38
36
31
limit diameter
limits, test radius
4.8.18
5.3.3.7
59, 93
-- --
30
33
Term
62
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
line of action
line of center
line of contact
line, mean helix
line, pitch
Paragraph
number
4.8.4
4.5.3.2
4.8.2
5.8.12
4.5.3.1.2
Figure
number
87, 91 93
28
86, 88, 89, 90
-- -28
Reference
page
28
10
28
38
10
4.6.32.16
-- --
26
master gear
5.3.1
-- --
32
4.6.31.10
5.8.12
5.8.13
4.6.31.4
70
-- --- -70
23
38
38
22
5.8.4
-- --
37
4.6.32.10
5.3.2
4.6.32.11
79
-- -80
25
32
25
minimum backlash
4.7.10.1
-- --
27
miter gear
4.2.5.5
13
4.6.32.12
4.8.17
-- --- --
25
30
module (transverse)
module, normal
4.6.21
4.6.22
-- --- --
17
18
mounting distance
mounting surface
4.5.4.9
5.2.3
38
-- --
13
32
4.6.18
4.6.32.6
4.6.15
4.6.32.3
4.6.20
4.4.3
4.6.30.4
4.6.22
5.5.5
4.3.7
4.6.8
4.6.8
50
78
49
77
-- -24
63
-- --- -78
45
45
17
25
17
25
17
9
21
18
34
8
16
16
Term
63
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
number of teeth
number of teeth, equivalent
number of threads
number, quality
Paragraph
number
4.1.8
4.5.1.2
4.1.8
5.11.2
-----
offset
4.7.3
12, 18, 83
26
4.7.2
4.7.9
4.7.4
82, 93
-- --- --
26
27
26
4.6.31.9
4.6.31.5
70
70
23
22
4.5.3.3
4.6.30.5
4.5.3.3.1
4.6.30.5.1
4.6.30.5.2
29
62
30, 31
61
65
10
21
11
21
21
4.2.3
5.1.11
4.8.3
4.8.8
5.1.15
47
85, 88
90
-- --
31
28
29
31
pinion
4.1.3
5.6.5
4.6.32.10
-- -79
35
25
pitch
pitch angle
pitch circle (operating)
pitch circle, standard (reference)
pitch cone
pitch cylinder
pitch deviation, cumulative, total
pitch deviation, single
pitch diameter
pitch diameter, operating
pitch diameter, standard (reference)
pitch helix
pitch line
pitch plane
pitch point
pitch radius, equivalent
pitch range
4.6.12
4.6.31.14
4.5.3.1.1
4.5.3.7
4.5.4.1
4.5.3.1
5.4.2
5.5.9
4.7.8
4.7.9
4.5.3.7.1
4.6.30.2
4.5.3.1.2
4.3.3
4.5.3.1.3
4.5.1.1
5.5.1
48
73, 74
28
44
25, 26
24, 63
-- --- -30
-- --- -62, 63
28
19
28
27
-- --
16
24
10
12
12
10
34
35
27
27
12
20
10
7
10
10
34
Term
64
Figure
number
-----
Reference
page
3
10
3
38
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
pitch surfaces
pitch variation
pitch variation tolerance, total accumulated
pitch variation, allowable
pitch variation, normal
pitch variation, total accumulated
pitch variation, total accumulated, within a sector of k pitches
pitch, angular
pitch, axial
pitch, base, normal
pitch, base, transverse
pitch, circular
pitch, diametral (transverse)
pitch, normal circular
pitch, normal diametral
pitch, transverse circular
pitch, true position
Paragraph
number
4.5.1
5.5.3
5.5.7
5.5.4
5.5.5
5.5.6
5.5.8
4.6.23
4.6.16
4.6.18
4.6.17
4.6.13
4.6.19
4.6.15
4.6.20
4.6.14
5.5.2
Figure
number
25, 26
99
-- --- --- -100
100
-- -49, 50
50
50, 51
48
-- -49
-- -49
-- --
Reference
page
9
34
35
34
34
35
35
18
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
34
plane of action
plane of axes
plane of rotation
plane, axial
plane, central
plane, normal
plane, pitch
plane, tangent
plane, transverse
4.8.6
4.3.2
4.3.4
4.3.1
4.3.8
4.3.7
4.3.3
4.3.5
4.3.6
88
19
21
19
23
3, 78
19
21, 66
19, 21, 22, 52
28
7
8
7
9
8
7
8
8
point of contact
point, crossing
point, pitch
4.8.1
4.5.4.10
4.5.3.1.3
85, 90
38
28
27
13
10
4.6.10
46
16
5.5.2
-- --
34
pressure angle
pressure angle, axial
pressure angle, normal
pressure angle, operating
pressure angle, transverse
4.6.4
4.6.9
4.6.8
4.7.4
4.6.7
43, 46
45
45
-- -45
14
16
16
26
15
principal directions
4.4
24
probe path
5.1.15
-- --
31
profile
profile angle
profile angle, axial
4.6.26
4.6.5
4.6.9
52
43
45
19
15
16
Term
65
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Paragraph
number
4.6.8
4.6.6
4.6.7
5.7.11
5.1.4
5.7.6
5.7.7
5.7.8
5.7.9
5.7.5
5.8.13
4.6.26.2
4.6.32.8
5.7.10
5.7.3
5.7.2
5.7.4
5.7.1
4.8.18
45
44
45
-- -59
-- --- --- -103
-- --- -54
-- --- -103
102
-- -101
59
Reference
page
16
15
15
36
31
36
36
36
36
36
38
19
25
36
36
36
36
35
30
quality
quality number
quality, gear
5.11.1
5.11.2
5.11
-- --- --- --
38
38
38
rack
rack shift
rack, basic
rack, generating
rack, helical
rack, spur
4.1.5
4.6.32.9
4.1.6
4.1.7
4.2.3.4
4.2.3.2
1
-- -3
-- -7
6
2
25
2
3
4
4
radial runout
radial runout tolerance
5.6.3
5.6.4
-- --- --
35
35
5.3.3.7
4.6.2.2
4.5.1.1
4.6.27.1
4.6.26.2
5.3.3.6
4.5.4.12
4.6.26.1
-- --- -27
56
56
-- -31
55
33
14
10
19
19
33
13
19
5.8.8
5.5.1
5.7.8
-- --- --- --
38
34
36
Term
66
Figure
number
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
ratio, contact
ratio, face contact
ratio, gear
ratio, modified contact
ratio, total contact
ratio, transverse contact
Paragraph
number
4.8.13
4.8.15
4.1.9
4.8.17
4.8.16
4.8.14
-------
recess, arc of
4.8.12
92
29
relief, tip
4.6.26.3
57
19
Revacycle gears
B.2
-- --
42
right flank
right hand helical gear
right hand spiral bevel gear
right hand worm
4.6.25
4.6.28
4.6.31.1
4.6.28
53, 54
60
67, 68
60
18
20
22
20
4.6.11
5.1.11
47
47
16
31
root
root angle
root circle
root cone
root cylinder
root diameter
root fillet
-- -4.6.31.16
4.5.3.6.1
4.5.4.3
4.5.3.6
4.5.3.6.2
4.6.27
52
74
33
36, 75
-- -30, 33
-- --
18
24
11
13
11
12
19
rotation, plane
4.3.4
21
runout
runout tolerance, radial
runout, axial
runout, radial
5.6.1
5.6.4
5.6.2
5.6.3
-----
-----
35
35
35
35
SAP
4.8.18
59
30
shaft angle
4.6.31.7
71
23
shift, profile
shift, rack
4.6.32.8
4.6.32.9
-- --- --
25
25
4.6.32.16
-- --
26
5.3.2.2
5.3.2.3
5.3.2.1
5.3.2
-----
32
32
32
32
Term
Figure
number
-------
-----
Reference
page
30
30
3
30
30
30
67
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Paragraph
Figure
number
number
5.5.9
-- -4.2.3.5
6
Reference
page
35
4
4.2.5.9
16
slope deviation
slope deviation, profile
5.8.11
5.7.10
-- --- --
38
36
spacing
spacing variation
5.4.3
5.4.4
-- --- --
34
34
span measurement
4.6.32.11
80
25
spiral angle
spiral angle, inner
spiral angle, mean
spiral angle, outer
spiral bevel gear
spiral bevel gear, left hand
spiral bevel gear, right hand
spiral gear
4.6.31.3
4.6.31.6
4.6.31.4
4.6.31.5
4.2.5.10
4.6.31.2
4.6.31.1
4.2.5.1
69, 70
70
70
70
17
67
67
-- --
22
23
22
22
6
22
22
5
Spiroid gearing
B.2
-- --
42
spur gear
spur rack
4.2.3.1
4.2.3.2
6
6
3
4
4.5.3.7
4.5.3.7.1
4.6.8
44
-- -44
12
12
15
4.8.18
5.1.12
59
-- --
30
31
4.2.5.8
-- --
16
62
6
20
stub teeth
4.6.32.14
-- --
26
surface of action
surface, datum
surface, indicated
surface, mounting
surface, pitch
surface, tooth (flank)
4.8.5
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
4.5.1
4.6.24
28
31
31
32
9
18
symbols
C.1
-- --
43
tangent plane
4.3.5
21, 86
Term
68
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Paragraph
number
5.1.14
4.6.3
4.6.32.15
4.5.1.2
4.6.32.13
4.6.1
4.6.32.16
4.6.32.12
4.1.8
4.6.32.16
4.6.32.14
-- -42
81
-- --- -39, 40
81
-- --- -81
-- --
Reference
page
31
14
26
10
26
14
26
25
3
26
26
test radius
test radius limits
test, composite action (double flank)
test, single flank composite
5.3.3.6
5.3.3.7
5.3.3.1
5.3.2.1
-- --- -95
-- --
33
33
32
32
5.9.2
5.9.1
4.6.32.4
4.6.32.5
4.6.32.6
4.6.32.1
5.9.3
4.6.32.3
4.6.32.2
-- --- -77
78
78
76
-- -77
77, 78
38
38
25
25
25
24
38
25
24
threads, number
4.1.8
-- --
throat diameter
throat form radius
4.5.4.11
4.5.4.12
31
31
13
13
TIF
4.6.27.3
59
19
tip
tip (face) angle
tip (face) cone
tip break, start of
tip or edge break
tip radius
tip relief
-- -4.6.31.15
4.5.4.2
5.1.12
5.2.4
4.6.26.1
4.6.26.3
52
74
36
-- --- -55
57
18
24
12
31
32
19
19
toe
4.6.31.13
73
24
tolerance
tolerance diameter
tolerance, lead
tolerance, profile
tolerance, radial runout
5.11.5
5.1.9
5.8.3
5.7.3
5.6.4
108
-- -104, 105
103
-- --
39
31
37
36
35
Term
Figure
number
69
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Paragraph
number
5.8.3
5.9.2
5.5.7
5.3.3.5
Figure
number
104, 105
-- --- --- --
Reference
page
37
38
35
32
tooth alignment
tooth alignment tolerance
tooth alignment trace
tooth alignment variation
tooth depth
tooth surface (flank)
tooth thickness tolerance
tooth thickness variation
tooth thickness, functional
tooth, datum
tooth--to--tooth radial composite tolerance (double flank)
tooth--to--tooth radial composite variation (double flank)
5.8.1
5.8.3
5.8.4
5.8.2
4.7.7
4.6.24
5.9.2
5.9.1
5.9.3
5.1.3
5.3.3.3
5.3.3.2
-- -104, 105
-- --- -35
52
-- --- --- --- --- -96
37
37
37
37
27
18
38
38
38
31
32
32
top land
4.5.3.3.2
32
11
5.5.6
5.5.7
5.5.8
5.3.3.5
5.3.3.4
4.8.16
5.4.2
4.6.30.9
5.8.7
5.7.7
100
-- -100
-- --- --- --- -66
-- --- --
35
35
35
32
32
30
34
22
37
36
5.8.10
5.8.4
5.8.4
-- --- --- --
38
37
37
tradenames
B.2
-- --
42
transmission error
5.1.13
-- --
31
4.6.17
4.6.14
4.6.32.2
4.8.14
4.6.19
4.4.2
4.6.21
4.3.6
4.6.7
4.6.7
50, 51
49
77, 78
-- --- -24
-- -19, 22, 52
45
45
17
17
24
30
17
9
17
7
15
15
Term
70
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Paragraph
Figure
number
number
4.6.27.3
-- -5.5.2
-- --
Reference
page
19
34
undercut
4.6.27.2
58, 59
19
variation
variation tolerance, total accumulated pitch
variation, allowable
variation, allowable pitch
variation, backlash
variation, lead
variation, normal pitch
variation, pitch
variation, profile
variation, spacing
variation, tooth alignment
variation, tooth thickness
variation, total accumulated pitch
5.11.3
5.5.7
5.11.4
5.5.4
4.7.10.2
5.8.2
5.5.5
5.5.3
5.7.2
5.4.4
5.8.2
5.9.1
5.5.6
106
-- -107
-- --- --- --- -99
102
-- --- --- -100
39
35
39
34
27
37
34
34
36
34
37
38
35
wheel, gear
4.1.2
whole depth
4.7.7
35
27
4.7.11
4.6.30.8
5.1.6
4.6.30.9
66
66, 68
-- -66
27
21
31
22
wobble
5.6.2
-- --
35
working depth
4.7.6
35
27
worm
worm, cylindrical
worm, enveloping (hourglass)
worm, left hand
worm, right hand
wormgear
wormgearing
wormgearing, Cone
wormgearing, double--enveloping
wormwheel
4.1.4
4.2.4.2
4.2.4.3
4.6.29
4.6.28
4.2.4.1
4.2.4
B.2
4.2.4.4
4.2.4.1
2, 9
2, 9
10
60
60
9
9
-- -10
9
2
4
4
20
20
4
4
42
5
4
4.2.5.10
17
4.8.7
4.8.7
89
89
28
28
Term
71
ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05
Bibliography
The following documents are either referenced in the text of ANSI/AGMA 1012--G05, Gear Nomenclature,
Definition of Terms with Symbols, or indicated for additional information.
AGMA 913--A98, Method for Specifying the
Geometry of Spur and Helical Gears
Thickness
72
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