8.5 Transistor Hybrid Model In order to analyze transistorized amplifier cireuit and calculate its input impedance, output impedance, current gain and voltage gain, it is necessary to replace transistor circuit with its equivalent. The equivalent circuit can be drawn with the help of two equations, as shown in Fig. 88. Fig. 8.8 Hybrid model or equivalent ahh, Y, = hy circuit for transistor Vim hil thy Ve Ie beT, *he Vo Many transistor models have been proposed, each one having its advantages and disadvantages. The transistor model used in this text is in terms of h-parameters. Bonefits of h-paramotors 1, Real numbers at audio frequencies. 2, Easy to measure. 3. Can be obtained from the transistor static characteristic curves. 4, Convenient to use in circuit analysis and design. 5, Most of the transistor manufecturers specify the h-parameters. 11.2, HYBRID PARAMETER (FOR LOW FREQUENCY) Any linear circuit having input and output terminals can be analysed by four parameters (one measured in ohm, one in mho and two dimensionless) called hybrid parameter or h-parameter. Hybrid means “mixed” because these parameters have mixed dimensions (units). The hybrid parameters provide mathematical approach to the analysis of transistor circuit. Here linear circuit means a circuit in which resistances, inductances and capacitances remain fixed when voltage across them changes. The characteristics of amplifier can be specified easily in terms of h-parameters. These hybrid parameters are very popular and widely used because they give accurate results ‘and can be measured easily. We know that transistor is a three terminal device. If one of terminal is common between input and output terminals as shown in Fig. 11.1. There are two variables first is voltage V and second is current I, These four variables are related by the following equation. a near us Groat Fig. 11.1 mAs et Ais te a1 i = hy i + hy (11.2) Here the parameters ity, /tyy, hy, and hy, are called the hybrid parameters or heparameters, These parameters are related to the four variables of two port system. ‘The value of these parameters can be calculated by putting v, ~ 0 (ée., output terminals, short circuited) and i, = 0 (te. input terminals open circuited).BAB 17 Ranghaian Dua Gerang 17.6 | Parameter Hibrid ‘Kesulitan dalam pengukuran besaran-besaran seperti perametr-parameter impedansi nubung ‘erbuka akan Kerapkali muncul pada siat sebuah parameter, misalnya 2, harus diukur Sebuah suber sus sinusoid dapat dengan mudah dipasok pada terminal-trrinal masukan, ‘etapi akibat impedansi keluaran rangkaian transistor yang terlampaui tinggi akan sulit ‘untuk menghubungterbukakan terminal-terminal keluaran dan memasok pra-egangan BC serta mengukur tegangan ketuaran sinusoidnya. Pengukuran arus hubung singkat pada ter ‘minal-terminal Keluaran jauh lebih mudah dan sedethana untuk dilakukan, hibrd didefinisikan dengan menuliskan pacangan persamaan yang ‘menghuibungkan Vj, 1. V;. dan fy, dengan V, dan Ty menyatakan Variabel-vriabel bebasoy Ve hh thy (4) T= hah + mY, i401 vi {] ta Sift dari parameter parameter dapat dengan elas eramati dengan terebih dabulu menetpkan Vz = 0. Jai, y= Y= impotansi masakan abun sinha ba = = gain aras maj hubung singk mB Dengan membiarkan I, = 0, kta dapatkan, hy, = Yi! = gain tegangan balk hubung vrbuks, imitans Keluaran hubung terbuks.24.6 Nomenclature for Transistor A Parameters The numerical subscript notation for h parameters (viz. hy, fy, and h,) is used in general circuit analysis. However, this nomenclature has been modified for a transistor to indicate the nature oF parameter and the transistor configuration used. The h parameters of a transistor are represented by the following notation : (i The numerical subscripts are replaced by letter subscripts. Gi) The first letter in the double subscript notation indicates the nature of parameter. (iii) The second letter in the double subscript notation indicates the circuit arrangement (i.e. CB, CE or CC) used. ‘Table below shows the /r parameter nomenclature of a transistor : S.No. | fparameter | NotationinCB | NotationinCE | Notation in CC er hy Ne Ke 2. hia hy h, h. a a hig, Ing Me 4 hy Iho hy hy. ‘Note that first letter i, r, for o indicates the nature of parameter. Thus h,, indicates input imped- ance and this parameter is designated by the subscript i, Similarly, letters x f and o respectively indicate reverse voltage feedback ratio, forward current transfer ratio and output admittance. The second letters b, ¢ and c respectively indicate CB, CE and CC arrangement. Definisi parameter h seperti pada tabel 7.1. Notasi (indeks) yang diberian untuk ‘masing-masing rangkaian commor-eniter, commor-base, dan common-colctr sepesti pada ‘Tabel 72.