Tin hc chuyn ngnh

Nhm 6

Tin hc chuyn ngnh

CHNG I: TNG QUAN V HYSYS

I.1 Gii thiu v Hysys
Hysys l phm mm chuyn dng dng tnh ton v m phng cng ngh
c dng cho ch bin du v kh, trong cc qu trnh x l v ch bin kh
c s dng nhiu nht.
Hysys l sn phm phn mm ca cng ty Hyprotech Canada thuc cng ty
AEA Technologie Engineering Software-Hyprotech Ltd. Hin ti thuc v cng ty
AspenTech ca M. L mt phn mm c kh nng tnh ton a dng, cho kt qu
c chnh xc cao, ng thi cung cp nhiu thut ton s dng, tr gip trong
qu trnh tnh ton cng ngh, kho st cc thng s trong qu trnh thit k nh
my ch bin kh. Ngoi th vin c sn, Hysys cho php ngi s dng to cc
th vin ring rt thun tin cho vic s dng. Ngoi ra Hysys cn c kh nng t
ng tnh ton cc thng s cn li nu thit lp thng tin. y chnh l im
mnh ca Hysys gip ngi s dng trnh nhng sai st v ng thi c th s
dng nhng d liu ban u khc nhau.
Hysys c thit k cho 2 trng thi m phng l:
Steady mode: Trng thi tnh, s dng thit k cng ngh cho mt qu
trnh.
- Dynamic mode: Trng thi m phng ng, m phng thit b hay qu
trnh trng thi ang vn hnh lin tuc. Kho st s thay i cc p
ng ca h thng theo s thay i ca mt vi thng s.
II.2 Thao tc thc hin trong Hysys
Sau khi khi ng Hysys, thit k mt qui trnh cng ngh ta cn tin hnh
cc bc sau:
-

- Bc 1: Thit lp h n v s dng: T Menu Bar chn

Tools\Preferences m ra ca s Preferences v sau la chn
Variable Tab. Chng ta c th la chn h n v trong th vin c sn
(nh h n v SI, Field) hay chng ta c th to ra mt h n v
Nhm 6

Tin hc chuyn ngnh

ph hp vi quy trnh cng ngh.

- Bc 2: Chng ta c hai trng hp la chn:
M mt quy trnh c thit lp: Nhp File/Open Case.
Thit lp mt quy trnh mi: Nhn File/New Case.
- Bc 3: (ch thc hin khi bc 2 thit lp mt quy trnh mi): to New
Fluid Package hoc chn mt Fluid Package c sn t trc.
Khi to New Fluid Package cn cung cp thng tin v thut ton dng tnh
ton v thnh phn cc cu t c mt trong ton b qu trnh m phng. Vic xc
nh thut ton c ngha quan trng v iu ny s quyt nh n phng php
tnh ton v kt qu ca qu trnh. Thng thng la chn h nhit ng Peng
Robinson hoc SRK cho cc h du, kh v ho du.
Ngoi vic la chn cc thnh phn cc cu t c sn, Hysys cn cho php
ngi s dng la chn cc h gi nh, y l nhng h khng bao gm tng cu
t ring l m c xc nh thng qua cc thng tin v tnh cht ho l nh ng
cong ASTM, TBP...
- Bc 4: Nhn chn Enter Simulation Environment vo mi trng m
phng PFD, t y chng ta c th thit lp cc dng v cc thit b cn
thit cho quy trnh cng ngh.
- Bc 5: Xut kt qu ca qu trnh m phng di dng d liu thng
qua Report (chn Tool/Reports) hoc bng th v giao din m phng.
- Bc 6: Trong trng hp mun xem m hnh ng ca qu trnh
(chuyn sang Dynamic Mode) th cn thc hin cc bc sau:
Thit lp cc thng s ng ca qu trnh qua trang Dyn Property
Model
Xc nh kch thc ca cc thit b cng vi cc thng s cn thit
nh s vng quay ca bm, qut, my nn
Thit lp cc b iu khin v cc bng theo di.
I.3 Cc ng dng ca Hysys
Hysys bao gm cc ng dng sau:
Nhm 6

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- Hysys.Concept: Thit k v bo v h thng phn tch mt cch hiu qu

nht.
- Hysys.Process: Gim thp nht vn u t v chi ph vn hnh, chn la
cch bo qun, cc c tnh v phn loi thit b, trang b v sa cha cc
thit b ci tin qu trnh hot ng v iu khin nh my.
- Hysys.Plant: S dng cng c m phng a ra cc iu kin thun
li, nh gi hot ng ca nh my hin hnh, trang b cc thit b
t c tin cy v hot ng, an ton, li nhun cao nht. Ci tin
cc thit b c sn v m rng quy m nh my hin hnh.
- Hysys.OTS: Nhng qui trnh hng dn hot ng gip ngi vn hnh
nm bt v cng ngh, mc an ton trong hot ng ca nh my, lm
theo nhng qui tc hng dn v an ton v vn hnh tng li nhun.
- Hysys.RTO+: Ti u hiu qu nh my, chuyn i m hnh sn xut, s
dng cng ngh c sn v tng li nhun trong hot ng bng cch cho
php nhng thay i v cng ngh v sn phm.
- Economix: Nhng d liu thu c t m phng l cng c c bn
da vo n m c nhng thng tin xc thc nhm quyt nh v vn
u t v xy dng mt cch c hiu qu nht.
I.4 Cc u im ca Hysys
Hysys cho chnh xc kh cao. Trong Hysys vic m phng c hng
dn mt cch cn k trong qu trnh lm nn tng i n gin, Hysys c kh
nng bo li bng mu ti cc thit b m phng khi ta nhp d liu khng hp
l hoc nhp thiu d liu. Vic iu hnh v tnh ton cc thng s cng ngh ca
dng v cc thit b trong nh my mang tnh logic cao, vic thm bt cc thit b
cng n gin v khng cn i hi nhp li cc s liu ban u cng nh thit lp
mt quy trnh. Khi m phng th Hysys c cc kh nng sau:
- Kh nng tnh ton cc thng s cn li khi bit cc thng s lin
quan. Trong Hysys, ngi ta lp ra nhiu m hnh nhit ng v
phng trnh tnh ton cc c trng l ho ca tt c cc cu t v hp
cht.
- Kh nng tnh ton hai chiu v kh nng s dng thng tin mt phn.
Chng trnh chia lm nhiu phn nh (cc n v unit khc nhau). Mi
Nhm 6

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unit l mt thit b nh: thp chng ct, my nn, bnh tch... c kh nng
xc nh xem cc thng s no bit hoc cc thng s no c th tnh
ton t cc dng ni vi cc unit .
- Kh nng truyn d liu. Khi Hysys c cung cp thm mt thng tin
mi, chng trnh lp tc s thc hin cc tnh ton c th ri chuyn kt
qu mi ny ti cc thit b s dng chng. Trong qu trnh chy, Hysys
s thc hin vic truyn d liu v cc php tnh lp a ra kt qu ti
u t nhng thng s m ngi m phng nhp vo.
- Kh nng t ng tnh ton li. Khi ngi m phng loi b mt thng s
hoc mt thit b no , Hysys s t ng loi b tt c cc thng s tnh
ton c t cc thng s c v gi nh chng l cha bit. Cc thng s
khng lin quan n thng s b loi b s vn c gi li.
CHNG II: TNG QUAN V QU TRNH LM SCH KH KHI H 2S
V CO2 (LM NGT KH)
II.1 Mc ch lm ngt kh
Trong thnh phn ca kh t nhin v kh ng hnh, ngoi cc cu t chnh l
hydrocacbon no cn c mt lng ng k cc tp cht c tnh axit nh CO 2, H2S
v cc hp cht lu hunh khc nh COS, CS 2, meracaptan, RHS, thiophen, gy
c hi hi cho ngi s dng, nhim mi trng, gy ng c xc tc v gy
nhiu kh khan cho qu trnh vn chuyn v s dng.
V vy mi quc gia c quy nh hm lng cho php cc hp cht cha lu
hunh khc nhau. Lin bang Nga quy nh nng H 2S khng vt qu
22mg/m3, nng RHS c trong kh nh hn 36mg/m 3 , hm lng CO2 khng
c quy nh c th. Cn M nng H 2S c quy nh kht khe hn, khng
vt qu 5,7 mg/m3, nng CO2 trong khong 1 2% th tch, cc hp cht RHS
trong khong 1,5 5mg/m3, hm lng lu hunh tng 22 228mg/m3. Khi nng
cc hp cht cha lu hunh trong kh cao, ngi ta c th thu hi sn xut
lu hunh v H2SO4. V d nh ti m kh t nhin Astrakhan (Lin bang Nga)
c hm lng H2S ti a l 23% th tch, m kh t nhin Panter River (Canada)
c hm lng lu hunh ln ti 75% th tch. Ti cc m ny ngi ta t them
cng on sn xut S v H2SO4.
Nhm 6

Tin hc chuyn ngnh

II.2 Phng php lm ngt kh

II.2.1 C s l thuyt
Cc phng php lm ngt kh hin nay trn th gii ch yu dng phng
php hp th loi b CO2 v H2S.
Trong hp th l qu trnh pha lng ht pha kh. Kh c ht gi l cht b
hp th, cht lng dng ht gi l cht hp th. i km vi qu trnh hp th l
qu trnh nh hp th.
Hp th v nh hp th l hai qu trnh chuyn khi c bn c s dng
tch cc cu t khng mong mun ra khi kh t nhin v kh ng hnh. Bn cht
ha l ca qu trnh l s hnh thnh cn bng pha gia hai pha kh lng do s
khuch tn ca cc cht t pha n sang pha kia. ng lc ca qu trnh khuch tn
l s chnh lch p sut ring phn gia cc cu t trong pha lng v pha kh. Nu
p sut ring phn ca cc cu t trong pha kh ln hn trong pha lng th s xy ra
qu trnh hp th (cht lng hp th cht kh), cn ngc li th xy ra qu trnh
nh hp th (cht kh c tch ra khi pha lng). Thc t, tnh ton ng lc ca
qu trnh khuch tn c tnh qua nng cc cu t, v p sut ring phn t l
thun vi nng .
Ty thuc vo hm lng cc tp cht axit m ngi ta s dng cc dung mi
hp th khc nhau. Cc cht hp th cn tha mn cc yu cu sau:
-

C tnh hp th chn lc (y l tnh cht quan trng nht)

nht ca cht hp th nh
Nhit dung ring b, tiu tn nng lng cho qu trnh ti sinh nh.
Nhit si khc xa vi nhit si ca cu t hp b hp th, nh vy
d ti sinh dung mi bng chng ct.
- Nhit ng rn thp, khng b ng rn ti nhit lm vic.
- Khng to thnh kt ta khi hp th.
- Khng c, khng gy nhim mi trng, khng n mn thit b.
Phn loi: c 2 qu trnh hp th c bn l hp th vt l v hp th ha hc
- Trong qu trnh hp th vt l, ngi ta s dng cc dung mi nh
propylene, cacbonat, ete dimethyl polyetylen glycol, N-metylpyrolidon
Nhm 6

Tin hc chuyn ngnh

- Trong qu trnh hp th ha hc ngi ta s dng dung dch nc ca cc

alkanol amin (monoetanol amin, dietanol amin, diglycol amin...) chng
da trn phn ng ha hc ca cc hp cht khng mong mun vi
alkanolamin.
Ta c bng tnh cht cc dung mi s dng trong qu trnh hp th ha hc
(MEA, DEA, DIPA, DGA)
MEA

DEA

DIPA

DGA

61

105,1

133,2

105,1

1018

1090

989

1055

171
100
69

..
187
150

248,7
167
133

221
...
...

48

1,33

1,33

1,33

10,5

28

42

9,5

0,241

0,38

0,198

0,026

( 20C)

( 30C)

( 45C)

( 24C)

Hon ton

96,4

87

Hon ton

1486,4

1205,9

722,5

917,4

Khi lng phn t

Khi lng ring (kg/m3)
110 Pa
660 Pa
1320 Pa
p sut hi bo ha (Pa) 20C
Nhit ng c (C)
nht tuyt i (Pa.s)
ha tan trong nc (%KL)
20C
Nhit ha hi (J/kg) 105 Pa

II.2.2 Cng ngh hp th bng MEA

Trong cc dung mi trn ng ch nht l MEA. Phng php s dng dung mi
ny c s dng t nm 1930, hin nay c ng dng rt rng ri. lm
sch kh t nhin ngi ta s dng dung dch MEA nng 15 20% trong nc.
khng s dng cc dung dch vi nng cao hn v khi hp th cc kh axit vi
nng bo ha cao hn s lm tang tnh n mn thit b. Gn y ngi ta thm
mt s cht c ch qu trnh n mn cho php tng nng dung dch MEA ln
Nhm 6

Tin hc chuyn ngnh

30%, v vy tng hiu qu ca qu trnh.

u im ca qu trnh ny l MEA c kh nng phn ng cao, n nh v d ti
sinh. Nhit si ca MEA l 170oC, n ha tan v hn trong nc.
Cc PTP:
2HOCH2CH2NH2 + CO2 + H2O

(HOCH2CH2NH3)2CO3

2HOCH2CH2NH2 + H2S

(HOCH2CH2NH3)2S

Qu trnh hp th CO2 v H2S xy ra p sut cao v nhit 25 40 oC, cn ti

sinh MEA thc hin p sut gn p sut kh quyn v nhit trn 150oC.
S cng ngh hp th lm sch kh khi H2S v CO2 bng MEA

II

VI

48

II

10
10
10
IV
III

3
III

Nhm 6
7

11

3
3
9

7
5

IV

VII
5

VII

VI

11

Tin hc chuyn ngnh

Ch thch:
1 Thp hp th; 2,3,4 Thit b phn ly; 5,6 Thit b lm ngui bng khng kh;
7,8 Thit b lm lnh bng nc; 9 Thit b trao i nhit; 10 Thp nh hp
th; 11 B phn gia nhit.
I Kh nguyn liu; II Kh sch (kh ngt); III Dung mi bo ha; IV Kh
phn ly; V Dung mi nh hp ph mt phn; VI Kh axit; VII Dung mi
ti sinh tun hon tr li thp hp th.
Nguyn l hot ng:
Kh nguyn liu c a vo thp hp th 1 pha di y thp c nhit t
10 40oC, n c ti bng dung mi MEA c cho t nh thp hp th 1. T
nh thp kh sch (kh ngt) i ra, cn pha di y thp hp th cht bo ha
kh axit (nhit cht hp th bo ha khong 55 60 oC). Kh sch sau kh qua
thit b phn ly 2 th c a n ni s dng. Cht hp th bo ha i vo thit
b phn ly 3, y nh s tit lu dung dch, cc hydrocacbon b hp th s c
tch ra v c th c a i s dng lm nhin liu. Sau khi qua thit b phn ly
3, cht hp th bo ha kh axit c un nng trong thit b trao i nhit 9 n
nhit 95 100oC ri c a vo phn gia thp nh hp th 10. Ti thp nh
hp th 10, cc kh axit, nc, hydrocacbon cn st s c bay hi, p sut lm
vic ca thp nh hp th l 0,15MPA, nhit ca y thp nh hp th 10 c
gi trong khong 115 130oC nh t nng dung mi i ra t y thp bng thit
b gia nhit y 11.
Hn hp kh axit, nc, hydrocacbon i ra t nh thp nh hp th 10 c lm
Nhm 6

Tin hc chuyn ngnh

lnh qua thit b trao i nhit bng khng kh 6 v bng nc 8. Sau hn hp

hai pha i vo thit b phn ly 4, u nc c tch ra khi kh axit v
hydrocacbon. Nc thit b phn ly 4 c hi lu nh thp nh hp th 10
nhm loi tr s li cun MEA ln cng sn phm nh. Kh axit c a ti khu
sn xut lu hunh. Dung dch MEA sau khi ti sinh c a qua thit b trao i
nhit tn dng nhit, qua thit b lm lnh bng khng kh 5, thit lm lnh bng
nc 7 tr li hp th 1 nhit 35 45oC.
- u im ca qu trnh l lm sch trit kh khi H 2S v CO2 trong mt
khong p sut ring phn rng. MEA c tnh n nh ha hc cao, ti
sinh d dng, kh nng phn ng cao, gi thnh r v d kim. Cng ngh
v thit b n gin c bn khi vn hnh. Dung mi MEA tng i
kh hp th hydrocacbon nn trong qu trnh ti sinh c th thu hi cho
qu trnh sn xut lu hunh.
- Nhc im ca qu trnh l mc bo ha dung dch thp, lu lng
ring ln v chi ph vn hnh cao. Cc tp cht nh CO 2, COS, CS2,
HCN, SO2, SO3 khi tng tc vi dung mi to thnh hp cht cao phn
t khng ti sinh hoc kh ti sinh, lm mt hoat tnh ca cht hp th,
tng tnh to bt v n mn ca dung mi. V vy kh c COS va CS 2
qu trnh khng c ng dng. Mc thu hi mercaptan v cc hp
cht hu c cha lu hunh khc thp. Tng khuynh hng to bt kh
c cc hydrocacbon lng, sunfua st, thipsufit v cc sn phm phn hy
MEA cng nh cc tp cht c hc v mt s dng c ch n mn ri vo
h thng.
Theo tnh ton vn tc phn hy MEA do tng tc khng thun nghch ca
MEA vi CO2, COS v CS2 c th t 3,35kg/1000m3 CO2, 1kg/1m3 COS,
1kg/1m3 CS2. Cc hp cht hu c cha lu hunh (mercaptan, disunfua,
thiophen,) cha trong kh t nhin thc t khng tng t vi MEA.
loi cc tp cht c hc v sn phm ca phn ng khng thun nghch
ngi ta p dng nhiu bin php khc nhau nh lc, bay hi trong bnh c
bit Nng cc sn phm ny trong dung mi khng vt qu 0,1
Nhm 6

10

Tin hc chuyn ngnh

0,5%
loi tr s to bt ngi ta cho thm vo dung dch MEA ph gia chng
to bt (0,001 0,0015% khi lng) nh cc ch phm ca KE-10, KE-1021 ca Lin X c iu ny cho php gim tht thoat dung mi, h thng
hoat ng n nh hn, nng sut cao hn.
CHNG III: TIN HNH M PHNG

Nhm 6

11