1
Organisational
Complexity of the Human
Circulation System
Pulse
Rhesus Factor
Blood pressure
Heart
Blood Vessels
Arteries
Arterioles
Veins
3.
Blood
Venules
Capillaries
Arteries
Veins
Venules
venules connect
capillaries to the veins
Capillaries
Tiny blood vessels linking arterioles and venules
The thin wall allows easy exchange of materials with cells
Arteries
Thick Wall
Narrow
lumen
Veins
Thin Wall
Wide
lumen
Have valves
to prevent
backflow
Learning check
1
The Heart
Location
Function
Structure
3.
Systemic
Circuit
Pulmonary
Circuit
Pumps to
the head,
trunk and
limbs and
back to
the heart
Pumps to
the lungs
and back
to the
heart
Portal systems
A blood pathway that begins and ends in
capillaries
Learning check
1
Vena Cava
Aorta
Pulmonary Artery
Pulmonary Vein
Left Atrium
Bicuspid Valve
Right Atrium
Left Ventricle
Tricuspid Valve
Cardiac muscle
Right ventricle
Septum
Right Atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Left atrium
Bicuspid valve
Left ventricle
Role of Valves
Semi Lunar
valves
Tricuspid
valve
Prevents
backflow into
right atrium
Prevent
backflow into
heart
Bicuspid
Valve
Prevents
backflow into
left atrium
Coronary veins
Drain blood from heart
wall into the right atrium
Learning check
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Pulse
The alternate expansion and contraction of arteries is
called a pulse
A wave of expansion passes
down the walls of arteries
following a contraction of the
left ventricle. The elastic fibres in
the artery walls then bring about
a contraction of the artery wall.
Blood Pressure
Pressure in the due the to contraction of the ventricles
which forces blood into the arteries
As blood passes from arteries to veins pressure drops
Blood pressure is
measured with an
instrument that records the
pressure it takes to stop
the blood flow in an artery
of the upper arm
2.
3.
Learning check
1
Lymphatic System
A secondary transport system consisting of one way system
of vessels that collects and returns excess tissue fluid to
blood system
Structure
1.
Lymph vessels
2.
Lymph Nodes
3.
Lymph
2.
Fight Infection by
(a) Filtering out microorganisms in the lymph nodes
(b) Destroying microorganisms by antibody production
(c) Mature and store lymphocytes
3.
Composition of Blood
Plasma
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets
Carry Oxygen
Fight Infection
Platelets
Clotting
Higher
level
material
in sec
3.2.3
Role of Plasma
Composed of mainly water which as a transport
medium for the cells and dissolved substances
Digestion products .Glucose,
amno acids, Fatty acids,
glycerol, minerals and vitamins
Waste.Carbon dioxide, urea
Hormones.eg Insulin
Antibodies
4 Blood Groups
Group
A
B
AB
O
It is essential to know a
persons blood group for
safe blood transfusions
Rhesus Factor
Another blood grouping system
Involvs antigen called factor D on the red cells
If you have factor D you are Rhesus positive or Rh+
If you havent you are Rhesus negative or RhRhesus factor is important in pregnancy as problems may
arise in second and further preganncies if the mother is
Rh - and the baby is Rh +
Learning check
1
Extended study
END