Q1.

(1)
Heat transfer mechanisms: conduction; convection and radiation
Example of simultaneous heat transfer: the heating of water by an immerged heater is
through heat conduction and convection.
(2)
Thermal conductivity:
carbon nanotube >graphite > copper > bronze > window glass.

(3)
Based on the Newtons law of cooling
Q& = hAs (Tegg Tair )
For natural heat convection, h is between 2-25 W/m2 C. For force heat convection, h is
between 25-250 W/m2 C. So the rate of heat convection is enhanced by using a fan for
the cooling of the boiled egg.

Q2.

, where the convection coefficient

given as:
We ishave

Q3.
(1)
The problem is a steady state heat transfer process and can be summarized as follows

The area of the windows and the thermal resistances are

A = (1.2 m) (2 m) = 2.4 m 2
Ri = Rconv ,1 =

1
1
=
= 0.0417 C/W
2
h1 A (10 W/m .C)(2.4 m 2 )

R1 = R3 = Rglass =
R2 = Rair =

L1
0.003 m
=
= 0.0016 C/W
k1 A (0.78 W/m.C)( 2.4 m 2 )

L2
0.012 m
=
= 0.1923 C/W
k2 A (0.026 W/m.C)( 2.4 m 2 )

Ro = Rconv , 2 =

1
1
=
= 0.0167 o C/W
2 o
2
h2 A (25 W/m . C)(2.4 m )

Rtotal = Rconv ,1 + 2 R1 + R2 + Rconv , 2 = 0.0417 + 2(0.0016) + 0.1923 + 0.0167

= 0.2539 C/W

The steady rate of heat transfer through window glass then becomes
T T
[24 ( 5)]C
Q& = 1 2 =
= 114 W
Rtotal
0.2539C/W

(2)
The inner surface temperature of the window glass can be determined from

T T
Q& = 1 1
T1 = T1 Q& Rconv ,1 = 24 o C (114 W)(0.0417C/W) = 19.2C
Rconv ,1
(3)
Heat cannot be conducted through an evacuated space since the thermal conductivity of
vacuum is zero (no medium to conduct heat) and thus its thermal resistance is infinitely
large. Therefore, if radiation is disregarded, the heat transfer through the window will be
zero. Then the answer of this problem is zero since the problem states to disregard
radiation. And the temperature of inner window glass is 24 degree C.