Struktur Beton I

STRUKTUR BETON I
(SNI 2847-2002)
OLEH :
MUDJI IRMAWAN
BAMBANG PISCESA
TABLE OF CONTENTS (1)

Design Method And Strength Requirement
General Principles Of Strength Design
Design For Flexure
Design For Flexure And Axial Load
Design For Slenderness Effect
Shear
Torsion
Shear Friction

Bracked, Corbel And Beam Ledges
Deep Flexural Members
One Way Slab System
Two Way Slab System
Footings

Additional :
Design For Biaxial Loading
Shear In Slabs
Walls
Structural Plain Concrete
Unified Design Provision
REFERENCES
PCA NOTES-ON ACI 318-99
SNI 2847-2002
NAWY
MCGREGOR
JACK C. MCCORMAC
CHUKIAWANG-CHARLE S G.SALMON
DESIGN METHOD AND STRENGTH

REQUIREMENTS (1)
Design Strength >= Required Strength (U)

Design Strength = Strength Reduction Factor ( ) x
Nominal Strength
Strength Reduction Factor :
1. Faktor yang memperhitungkan kemungkinan
terjadinya kekuatan elemen struktur dibawah
kekuatan yang diinginkan akibat variasi dari
material penyusunnya dan juga akibat variasi
dimensinya.

REQUIREMENTS (2)
Strength Reduction Factor :

2.Faktor yang memperhitungkan ketidak akuratan
persamaan desain (Design Equation).
3.Faktor yang memperhitungkan Derajad Daktilitas
dan Keandalan yang diperlukan pada elemen yang
dibebani.
4.Faktor yang memperhitungkan kepentingan dari
elemen pada struktur.

REQUIREMENTS (3)
Nominal Strength : Kekuatan elemen strutkur atau

potongan-penampang yang dihitung dengan
menggunakan asumsi dan persamaan kekuatan
dari metode desain kekuatan (Strength Design
method) sebelum diaplikasikan Strength Reduction
Factor.

REQUIREMENTS (4)
Required Strength (U) : Load Factor x Service Load

Effect.
Load Factor : Faktor overload yang terjadi akibat
kemungkinan terjadinya variasi pembebanan yang
berlebih pada beban kerja (Service Load).
Service Load : Beban spesifik yang diatur oleh
peraturan pembebanan (Unfactored).

REQUIREMENTS (5)
Notation :
Required Strength (U):
Mu = Factored Flexural Moment
Pu = Factored Axial Load
Vu = Factored Shear Force
Tu = Factored Torsional Moment

REQUIREMENTS (6)
Notation :
Nominal Strength :
Mn = Nominal Flexural Moment Strength
Pn = Nominal Axial Load Strength At Given
Eccentricity.
Vn = Nominal Shear Strength
Tn = Nominal Torsional Moment Strength

REQUIREMENTS (7)
Notation :
Nominal Strength :
Mn = Design Flexural Moment Strength
Pn = Design Axial Load Strength At Given
Eccentricity.
Vn = Design Shear Strength
Tn = Design Torsional Moment Strength

REQUIREMENTS (8)
Strength Requirement :
Design Strength > Required Strength (U)
Strength Reduction Factor ( ) x Nominal Strength
> Load Factor x Service Load Effect
Example :
Mn > Mu
Pn > Pu
Vn > Vu

REQUIREMENTS (9)

REQUIREMENTS (10)
Nominal Strength:
Mn=As.fy.(d-a/2)
.Mn= [As.fy.(d-a/2)
Required Strength (U):
Mu=1.2Md+1.6Ml
Strength Design Requirement :
.Mn>Mu
[As.fy.(d-a/2)>1.2Md+1.6Ml

REQUIREMENTS (11)
Required Strength :
U=1.4D
U=1.2D+1.6L
U=1.2D+1.6L+0.5(A or R)
U=1.2D+1.0L+1.6W+0.5(A or R)
U=0.9D+1.6W
U=1.2D+1.0L+1.0E
U=0.9D+1.0E
U=1.4(D+F)
U=1.2(D+T)+1.6L+0.5(A or R)

REQUIREMENTS (12)
Keterangan :
D=Beban Mati
L=Beban Hidup
A=Beban Atap
R=Beban Hujan
W=Beban Angin
E=Beban Gempa
T=Beban Kombinasi Rangkak,Susut Dan Perbedaan
Penurunan

REQUIREMENTS (13)
Strength Reduction Factor ( ):
Flexure Without Axial Load : 0.8
Axial Compression And Axial Compression W/ Flexure :
Members With Spiral Reinforcement : 0.7
Others Member : 0.65
Shear And Torsion : 0.75
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF STRENGTH

DESIGN (1)
Stress-Strain Curves Of Concrete

DESIGN (2)
Stress-Strain Reinforcement

DESIGN (3)
Design Assumption #1
Strain in Reinforcement And Concrete Shall Be
Assumed Directly Proportional From The Neutral Axis

DESIGN (4)
Strain in Reinforcement And Concrete Shall Be
Assumed Directly Proportional From The Neutral Axis

DESIGN (5)
Maximum usable strain at extreme concrete
compression fiber shall be assumed equal to u =0.003

DESIGN (6)
Stress in reinforcement fs below the yield strength fy
shall be taken as Es times the steel strain s . For
strains greater than fy/Es, stress in reinforcement shall
be considered independent of strain and equal to fy.

DESIGN (7)
Tensile strength of concrete shall be neglected in flexural
calculation of reinforced concrete.
Relationship between concrete compressive stress
distribution and concrete strain shall be assumed to be
rectangular, trapezoidal, parabolic, or any other shape
that results in prediction of strength in substantial
agreement with results of comprehensive tests.

DESIGN (8)

DESIGN (9)

DESIGN (10)

DESIGN (11)
30MPa
58MPa
Design Assumption
#6
Parabolic StressStrain distribution
in concrete may be
considered satisfied
by an equivalent
rectangular concrete
stress distribution.
1 0.85
f ' c 30
7
0.05 0.65

DESIGN (12)

DESIGN (13)

DESIGN (14)
Dalam menganalisa struktur beton bertulang ada tiga
kondisi kegagalan yang harus diketahui :
Balanced Strain Condition
Kondisi dimana kegagalan elemen struktur terjadi pada
saat beton serat terluar tertekan mengalami
kehancuran bersamaan dengan terjadinya leleh pada
tulangan baja tarik terluar.
Over-Reinforced Condition
saat beton serat terluar tertekan mengalami
kehancuran tetapi leleh belum terjadi pada tulangan
tarik terluar. (Getas)

DESIGN (15)
Dalam menganalisa struktur beton bertulang ada tiga
kondisi kegagalan yang harus diketahui :
Under-Reinforced Condition
saat tulangan tarik terluar mengalami pelelehan tetapi
beton pada serat tertekan paling luar belum mengalami
kegagalan. (Daktail)

DESIGN (16)

DESIGN (17)
0.003
0.003 fy / 200000
600
600 fy

DESIGN (18)
0.85 1 f 'c
fy
600
600 fy
Untuk menjamin sebuah struktur berada dalam kondisi

under reinforced maka :
max
0.75
bal
0.85 1 f 'c
0.75
fy
600
600 fy

DESIGN (19)
Minimum Reinforcement Of Flexural Member
As min
3 f 'c
bw d
fy
1.4
bw d
fy

DESIGN (20)
Stress Strain Diagram In 3 Condition :
DESIGN FOR FLEXURE (1)

Single Reinforced Concrete Beam

Force Equilibrium :

Moment Equilibrium :

A nominal strength coefficient of resistance Rn is
obtained when both sides of Eq. (2) are divided by bd2:
When b and d are preset, is obtained by solving the

quadratic equation for Rn:

Equation (3) can be used to determine the steel ratio
given Mu or vice-versa if the section properties b and d
are known. Substituting Mn = Mu/ into Eq. (3) and
dividing each side by fc :

Graphics Rn Vs

Example 1 (Analyzing) :
Calculate the Moment Nominal of The Concrete Section :
Mutu Beton (fc) : 35 MPa
Mutu Baja (fc) : 400 MPa
d=350mm
cover=50mm
b=250mm
3D19
h=400mm

Example 1 (Analyzing) :
As
a
Mn
Mn
Mn
3 0.25
192 850mm2
As f y
850 400
45.71mm
0.85 f 'c b 0.85 35 250
As f y d
C
d
d-a/2
a
2
45.71
850 400 350
2
111.229kNm

Example 2 (Design) :
Design the concrete section of the beam, which is simple
supported and were loaded as below :
Ql=1.5t/m;Qd=1t/m
Spesification :
Mutu Beton (fc)=35 MPa
Mutu Baja (fy)=400 MPa
L=6m
Md
Ml
Mu
1 2 1
qd l
1 6 2 4.5tm 44.1kNm
8
8
1 2 1
ql l
1.5 6 2 6.75tm 66.15kNm
8
8
1.2M d 1.6M l 1.2 44.1 1.6 66.15 158.76kNm

#1 Determine maximum reinforcement ratio ( max) for
material strength fc=35MPa And fy=400MPa :
f ' c 30
1 0.85
0.05 0.65
7
Calculating 1
35 30
1 0.85
0.05 0.65
7
1 0.814 0.65
0.85 1 f 'c
600
0.75 bal 0.75
max
fy
600 fy
Calculating
max
:
max
max
0.85 0.814 35
600
400
600 400
0.0272
0.75

#2 Compute bd2 required :
Rn
Rn
bd 2
Mn
bd 2
Mu
bd 2
fy 1
0.5 f y
0.85 f 'c
0.5 0.0272 400

0.0272 400 1
8.625MPa
0.85 35
M u 158.76 1000000
23008696mm 3
Rn
0.8 8.625

#3 Size member so that bd2 > bd2 required :
b 250mm
23008696
d
303.37mm
250
Minimum Beam Depth (h) = d + cover
Minimum Beam Depth (h) = 303.37 + 50 = 353.37 mm
Use minimum Beam Depth (h) = 400 mm
Therefore :
d = h cover = 400 50 = 350 mm

#4 Using the 400 mm. beam depth, compute a revised
value of :
Mu
Rn
bd 2
M u 158.76 1000000
Rn
6.48MPa
2
2
bd
0.8 250 350
max
0.85 f 'c
1
fy
2 Rn
1
0.85 f 'c
max
0.0272
0.85 35
1
400
max
0.0272
0.0185
min
min
1.4
fy
2 6.48
1
0.85 35
0.0035
min
1.4
fy
1.4
400

#5 Compute As Required :
As = x b x d
As = 0.0185 x 250 x 350
As = 1618.75 mm2
Pakai 6 D19 (As=1701 mm2)
#6 CrossCheck The Moment Nominal with Moment
Ultimate :
a
45.71
Mn
As f y d
0.8 1701 400 350
178.071kNm
2
2
M u 158.76kNm M n 178.071kNm

#7 Ilustrated The Section With Reinforcement :
d=350mm
h=400mm
cover=50mm
b=250mm

Concrete Section With Compression Reinforcement


Cc
T1
0.85 f 'c ab
M n1
As
As
As ' f y
As ' f y d
a
2

Cs ' T2
As ' f s
Ass f y
M n2
As ' f s d d '
or
M n2
As ' f y d d '

Mn
M n1 M n 2
Mn
As
As ' f y d
a
2
As ' f s d d '
Force Equilibrium :
C T
C Cc C s '
T
T1 T2
Solving The Force Equilibrium We Achieved That :
As f y
As ' f s
0.85 f 'c b
;a
As
As ' f y
0.85 f 'c b

Design Procedure :
#1 Calculate c < 0.75 cb :
600
0.75
d
600 fy
c 0.75 cb
#2 Calculate As1 with c determined from above :
As
0.85
f cb
1 'c
fy
#3 Calculate Mn1 :
M n1
As f y d
a
2

Design Procedure :
#4 Calculate Mn-Mn1 :
Mn
M n1
(Compression Reinforcement Is Required)
Mn
M n1
(Compression Reinforcement Is Not Required)
#5 If Compression Reinforcement is Required Then

Calculate T2 :
Cs ' T2
M n M n1
d d'
#6 Control The Yield Of Compression Reinforcement :

d'
fs 1
600 fy (Compression Reinforcement Yield)
c
fs
d'
1
600
c
fy
(Compression Reinforcement Not Yield)

Design Procedure :
#7 Calculate The Required Compression Reinforcement :
As '
Cs '
f s ' 0.85 f 'c
#8 Calculate The Additional Tension Reinforcement :
Ass
T2
fy
#9 Calculate Required Reinforcement :

As = As1 + Ass
As = As
#10 Check Required Strength :
Mn > Mu

Design the concrete section below if the factored moment
applied to the concrete section is 300 kNm (Mu) :
cover=50mm
d=550mm
cover=50mm
b=300mm
h=600mm

#1 Calculate c < 0.75 cb :
c 0.75 cb
600
0.75
d
600 fy
600
0.75
550 247.5mm
600 400
#2 Calculate As1 with c determined from above c=85mm:
As
0.85 f 'c cb
fy
0.85 0.814 35 85 300

1543mm 2
400
#3 Calculate Mn1 :
M n1
0.813 85
1543 400 550
2
318.134kNm

#4 Calculate Mn-Mn1 :
Mu
M n1
300
318.314 56.686kNm 0
0.8 (Compression Reinforcement Is Required)
#5 If Compression Reinforcement is Required Then

Calculate T2 :
Cs ' T2
M n M n1
d d'
56.686 1000000
113372 N
500
#6 Control The Yield Of Compression Reinforcement :

50
fs 1
600 247 MPa fy 400 MPa
85
(Compression Reinforcement Not Yield)

#7 Calculate The Required Compression Reinforcement :
As '
Cs '
f s ' 0.85 f 'c
113372
247 0.85 35
521mm 2
#8 Calculate The Additional Tension Reinforcement :
Ass
T2
fy
113372
400
283mm 2
#9 Calculate Required Reinforcement :

As = 1543 + 283 = 1826 mm2 ( 7 D 19 = 1988 mm2)
As = 521 mm2 (2 D 19 = 568 mm2)

#10 Check The Moment Required :
a
Mn
As f y
As ' f s
0.85 f 'c b
As f y
1988 400 568 247

0.85 35 300
As ' f s d
a
2
Mn
0.8
Mn
0.8 337.190 70.148
73.378mm
As ' f s d d '
1988 400 568 247
550
70.26
2
325kNm M u
568 247
300kNm
550 50

Design the concrete section below if the factored moment
applied to the concrete section is 300 kNm (Mu) :
cover=50mm
d=550mm
cover=50mm
b=300mm
h=600mm

T-Beam Concrete Section
beff
hf
bw

beff
beff
beff
hf
bw
2bo
bw
2bo
bw

Lo

No
Effective Width
Spandrel
Center T-Beam
beff < 1/12 Lo
beff < 1/4 Lo
beff < bw + 6 hf
beff < bw + 16 hf
beff < bw + bo
beff < bw + 2bo
Single T-Beam
1
beff < 4 bw
Flange Thickness (hf) > 1/2 bw

T-Beam Concrete Section Neutral Axis x < hf

T-Beam Concrete Section Neutral Axis x < hf
0.85 f 'c beff

T
As
fy
Force Equilibrium :
Mn
As
fy
0.85 f 'c beff
As
fy d
a
2

T-Beam Concrete Section Neutral Axis x > hf

T-Beam Concrete Section Neutral Axis x > hf
C2
0.85 f 'c beff bw h f

C1 0.85 f 'c bw a
T As f y
Force Equilibrium :
Mn
As
fy
0.85 f 'c bw
C1 d
a
2
be
beff
C2 d
1 hf
hf
2

T-Beam Concrete Section (Example 1) Analyze Mn :
beff
Specification :
fc = 40 MPa
fy = 400 Mpa
Lo = 6000 mm
Bo = 2000 mm
hf=120mm
d=510mm
bw=300mm
h=600mm
10 D19

T-Beam Concrete Section (Example 1) :
#1 Calculate Beff Of T-Beam :
1
beff
Lo 0.25 6000 1500mm
4
beff bw 16h f 300 16 120 2220mm
beff
bw
2bo
300 2 2000
Diambil beff = 1500 mm
4300mm

#2 Calculate a Of T-Beam :
As fy
2835 400
a
22.235mm hf
0.85 f 'c beff 0.85 40 1500
#3 Calculate Mn Of T-Beam :
Mn
As
fy d
Mn
565kNm
a
2
2835 400
22.235
510
2
120mm

beff
Specification :
fc = 20 MPa
fy = 500 Mpa
Lo = 4000 mm
Bo = 2000 mm
hf=120mm
d=510mm
bw=300mm
h=600mm
10 D25

#1 Calculate beff Of T-Beam :
1
beff
Lo 0.25 4000 1000mm
4
beff bw 16h f 300 16 120 2220mm
beff
bw 2bo
300 2 2000
4300mm

#2 Calculate a Of T-Beam :
a
a
As fy
0.85 f 'c beff
As fy
0.85 f ' c bw
be
beff
4908 500
144.375mm hf
0.85 20 1000
1
4908 500
0.85 20 300
1000
1
300
120mm
201.76mm

#3 Calculate Mn Of T-Beam :
hf
a
M n C1 d
C2 d
2
2
C1 0.85
f 'c
C2
f 'c b w a
0.85
Mn
C1
Mn
1428
Mn
beff
hf
2
bw
C2
hf
0.85 20
120 1428kN
0.85 20 300 201.76 1028kN

d
a
2
120
1028 510
2
642.6 420.97 1063.57 kNm
510
1000 300
201.76
2

beff
d=20mm
hf=120mm
5 D19
d=510mm
bw=300mm
h=600mm
10 D19
Specification :
fc = 40 MPa
fy = 400 Mpa
Lo = 6000 mm
Bo = 2000 mm

#1 Calculate Beff Of T-Beam :
1
beff
Lo 0.25 6000 1500mm
4
beff bw 16h f 300 16 120 2220mm
beff
bw
2bo
300 2 2000
4300mm

#2 Calculate a Of T-Beam with assumption that
compression and tension steel yield :
As
As '
fy
0.85 f 'c beff
2835 1417 400

11.12mm h f
0.85 40 1500
d'
Therefore the first assumption that the compression

steel is yield is not true because a < d, this means that
the compression steel is tension steel. Analyzing the
beam using single reinforced concrete :
As fy
0.85 f 'c beff
2835 400
0.85 40 1500
22.235mm hf
d'

From the calculation before a < hf and a > d this means
that actualy the top reinforcement is in compression but
not yielding. #3 Calculate the stress in compression
reinforcement :
f 'c 30
0
.
85
0.05 0.65
1
7
1
40 30
7
0.778 0.65
0.85
a
1
22.235
0.778
0.05
0.65
28.57 mm

#3 Calculate the stress in compression reinforcement :
fs '
d'
1
600
x
20
1
600 179.978MPa
28.57
#4 Calculate the new value of a :

a
Mn
Mn
Mn
As
fy
0.85
As f y
As ' f s
2835 400 1417 179.99

0.85 40 1500
f ' c beff
As ' f s d
a
2
As ' f s d d '
2835 400 1417 179

441.39 126.8215
17.23mm
510
567kNm
17.23
2
1417 179
510
20
2

beff
Specification :
fc = 20 MPa
fy = 500 Mpa
Lo = 4000 mm
Bo = 2000 mm
hf=100mm
5 D19
d=510mm
bw=300mm
h=600mm
10 D25

#1 Calculate beff Of T-Beam :
1
beff
Lo 0.25 4000 1000mm
4
beff bw 16h f 300 16 120 2220mm
beff
bw 2bo
300 2 2000
4300mm

#2 Calculate a Of T-Beam with assumption that
compression and tension steel yield :
As
As '
fy
0.85 f 'c beff
4908 1417 500

103mm
0.85 20 1000
hf
d'
Therefore the first assumption that the compression

steel is yield is might be true because a > d, #3
Calculate the stress in compression reinforcement :
0.85
1
a
1
fs '
103
121.176mm
0.85
d'
1
600
x
20
1
600 500.97 MPa
121.176
fy
500MPa

#4 Since the compression steel is yielding therefore the
first assumption is right, therefore the a value before is
used :
a
M n As f y As ' f s d
As ' f s d d '
2
Mn
Mn
4908 500 1417 500

784.44 354.25
510
1138,69kNm
121.176
2
1417 500
510
20
2
DESIGN FOR SHEAR (1)

Shear Strength Of Concrete Section

Perlawanan geser yang terjadi setelah retak miring :

1. Perlawanan geser beton yang belum retak, Vcz.
2. Gaya ikat (interlock) antara aggregat atau transfer
geser antar permukaan.
3. Aksi pasak (dowel action), Vd.
4. Aksi pelengkung (arch action), Deep Beam.
5. Perlawanan tulangan geser bila ada, Vs.

Types of Reinforcement

Fungsi tulangan geser (Sengkang Begel):
1. Memikul sebagian gaya geser, Vs.
2. Melawan pertumbuhan geser miring dan ikut
menjaga terpeliharanya lekatan/geseran antar
aggregat.
3. Mengikat batang tulangan memanjang untuk tetap
diposisinya.
4. Aksi pasak pada beton dan aksi ikatan
(confinement) sengkang meningkatkan kekuatan.

Shear nominal strength (Vn) of concrete section is a
combination of shear strength from concrete (Vc) and
sehar strength from shear reinforcement (Vs) :
Vn=Vc+Vs
Where Vc :
Vc
1
6
f 'c bw d
If accurate calculation were used then :
Vc
1
7
f 'c
120
Vu d
bw d
M ub
0.3 f 'c bw d

Where :
w
As Vu d
bd M u
If there is an axial compression load acting in the

concrete section therefore Vn can be calculated as follows:
Vc
Nu 1
1
14 Ag 6
Nu/Ag is in MPa.
f 'c bw d

If accurate calculation were used (Axial Compression
Load) :
Vc
1
7
f 'c
Vu d
120 w
Mm
Where :
Mm
Mu
Nu
4h d
8
bw d
0.3N u
0.3 f 'c bw d 1
Ag

If there is an axial tension load acting in the concrete
section therefore Vn can be calculated as follows:
Vc
0.3N u 1
1
Ag
6
f 'c bw d
Nu/Ag is in MPa.
For circular concrete section area for Vc can be calculated
from diameter multiplied by effective width (d=0.8h).

Minimum shear reinforcement area Avmin :
Av min
bw s
3fy
Minimum shear force acquired from shear reinforcement :
Vs min
1
bw d
3

Design Of Shear Reinforcement
Design of shear reinforcement is divided into several
categories, which each category is corresponds with the
shear forces acting on the concrete section. This category
is divided as below :
Condition 1 :
Vu
0.5 Vc
Shear reinforcement is not required.

Condition 2 :
0.5 Vc
Vu
Vc
Smax < d/2 or Smax < 600 mm, minimum shear

reinforcement need to be chekced.

Condition 3 :
Vc
Vu
Vc
Vs min
Smax < d/2 or Smax < 600 mm, minimum shear

reinforcement need to be chekced.
Condition 4 :
Vc
Vs min
Vu
Vc
1
3
f 'c b w d
Smax < d/2 or Smax < 600 mm, shear reinforcement need
to be calculated as follows :
Vsperlu
Vu
Vc ;Vs
Av f y d
s

Condition 5 :
Vc
1
3
f 'c b w d
Vu
Vc
2
3
f 'c bw d
Smax < d/4 or Smax < 600 mm, shear reinforcement need
to be calculated as follows :
Vsperlu
Vu
Vc ;Vs
Av f y d
s

Condition 6 :
Vu
Vc
2
3
f 'c bw d
Enlarge the concrete cross section.

Design Of Shear Reinforcement (Example 1)
Ql=6t/m;Qd=4t/m
Spesification :
Mutu Beton (fc)=35 MPa
Mutu Baja (fy)=400 Mpa
Lebar Balok = 300 mm
Tinggi Balok = 500 mm
L=6m
Desain tulangan geser

yang diperlukan untuk
memikul beban geser
yang terjadi.
Ra=Rb=43.2 ton = 423.36 kN
423.36 kN
423.36 kN
Bidang Gaya Lintang

#1 Check All Shear Boundary
calculating the shear reinforcement :
Condition 1 :
Vc
1
6
Vu
0.5 Vc
f 'c bw d
1
35 300 450 133kN
6
0.5 0.75 133 49.9kN
Condition 2 :
0.5 Vc
49.9kN
Vu
Vu
Condition
Vc
99.8kN
before

Condition 3 :
Vs min
Vc
Condition
1
300 450 45kN
3
Vu
Vc Vs min
99.8kN Vu
Condition 4 :
0.75 133 45
133.5kN
1
Vc Vs min Vu
Vc
f 'c bw d
3
133.5kN Vu 0.75 133 266 299.5kN
before

Condition 5 :
Condition
1
2
Vc
f 'c bw d Vu
Vc
f 'c bw d
3
3
299.5kN Vu 0.75 133 532 498.75kN
Condition 6 (Concrete Section Is Satisfied) :
2
Vu
Vc
f 'c bw d
3
423.6kN 498.75kN
before

#2 Drawing The Shear Boundary Condition :
V=498.75kN
X1=0.878m
IV=299.5kN
Vu=423.36 kN
X2=2.057m
III=133kN
X3=2.3m
II=99.8kN
X4=3m

#3 Calculate each boundary distance :
X1
X2
X3
X4
Vu 299.5
1.2 Qd 1.6 Ql
Vu 133
1.2 Qd 1.6 Ql
Vu 133
1.2 Qd 1.6 Ql
3m
423.36 299.5
1.2 39.2 1.6 58.8
423.36 133
1.2 39.2 1.6 58.8
423.36 99.8
1.2 39.2 1.6 58.8
0.878m
2.057m
2.300m

#4 Calculate required shear reinforcement in each
condition :
Condition II :
Vs min
1
bw d
3
Use 2 Leg of
Vs
Av min
Av f y d
s
bw s
3 fy
45kN
10, As = 157 mm2,. Use s = 200 mm.
157 400 450

141.3kN Vs min 45kN
200
300 200
50mm 2 Av 157mm 2
3 400
Since smax < d/2 = 450/2 =225 mm or smax <600mm.

Therefore s = 200mm is adequate.

condition :
Condition III :
Vs min
1
bw d
3
Use 2 Leg of
Vs
Av min
Av f y d
s
bw s
3 fy
45kN
10, As = 157 mm2,. Use s = 200 mm.
157 400 450

141.3kN Vs min 45kN
200
300 200
50mm 2 Av 157mm 2
3 400
Since smax < d/2 = 450/2 =225 mm or smax <600mm.

Therefore s = 200mm is adequate.

condition :
Condition IV :
Vu
Vsperlu
s
Av f y d
Vs
Vc
299.5 99.8
0.75
266.26kN
157 400 450

106mm
266.26
Therefore in condition IV use s = 100 mm, since smax <

d/2 = 450/2 = 225 mm and smax < 600 mm, s =100 mm is
adequate.

condition :
Condition V :
Vu
Vsperlu
s
Av f y d
Vs
Vc
423.6 99.8
0.75
157 400 450

431.73
431.73kN
65mm
Therefore in condition IV use s = 50 mm, since smax < d/3

= 450/4 = 112.5 mm and smax < 300 mm, s =50 mm is
adequate.

#5 Drawing the shear reinforcement with the spacing
shown below :
S=50mm
S=100mm
S=200mm
3m
0.878m
1.179m
0.943m

#4 Drawing the cross section with longitudinal and shear
reinforcement :
4D 19
Condition V
10-50mm
h=500mm
10D 19
b=300mm

Struktur Beton I

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STRUKTUR BETON I

TABLE OF CONTENTS (1)

TABLE OF CONTENTS (2)

TABLE OF CONTENTS (3)

DESIGN METHOD AND STRENGTH

Design Strength >= Required Strength (U)

DESIGN METHOD AND STRENGTH

Strength Reduction Factor :

DESIGN METHOD AND STRENGTH

Nominal Strength : Kekuatan elemen strutkur atau

DESIGN METHOD AND STRENGTH

Required Strength (U) : Load Factor x Service Load

DESIGN METHOD AND STRENGTH

DESIGN METHOD AND STRENGTH

DESIGN METHOD AND STRENGTH

DESIGN METHOD AND STRENGTH

DESIGN METHOD AND STRENGTH

DESIGN METHOD AND STRENGTH

DESIGN METHOD AND STRENGTH

DESIGN METHOD AND STRENGTH

DESIGN METHOD AND STRENGTH

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF STRENGTH

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF STRENGTH

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF STRENGTH

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF STRENGTH

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF STRENGTH

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF STRENGTH

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF STRENGTH

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF STRENGTH

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF STRENGTH

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF STRENGTH

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF STRENGTH

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF STRENGTH

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF STRENGTH

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF STRENGTH

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF STRENGTH

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF STRENGTH

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF STRENGTH

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF STRENGTH

Untuk menjamin sebuah struktur berada dalam kondisi

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF STRENGTH

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF STRENGTH

DESIGN FOR FLEXURE (1)

DESIGN FOR FLEXURE (2)

DESIGN FOR FLEXURE (3)

DESIGN FOR FLEXURE (4)

When b and d are preset, is obtained by solving the

DESIGN FOR FLEXURE (5)

DESIGN FOR FLEXURE (6)

DESIGN FOR FLEXURE (7)

DESIGN FOR FLEXURE (8)

DESIGN FOR FLEXURE (9)

DESIGN FOR FLEXURE (10)

DESIGN FOR FLEXURE (11)

DESIGN FOR FLEXURE (12)

0.5 0.0272 400

DESIGN FOR FLEXURE (13)

DESIGN FOR FLEXURE (14)

DESIGN FOR FLEXURE (15)

DESIGN FOR FLEXURE (16)

DESIGN FOR FLEXURE (17)

DESIGN FOR FLEXURE (18)

DESIGN FOR FLEXURE (19)