DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Human Body System

4/23/15
Taylor, Misael, Juan, Yonas, and Samuel

MOUTH

The mouth allows food to enter the body.

Air also enters the mouth.

The mouth has different organs in the body such as the

epiglottis, pharynx, and tongue.

PHARYNX
The pharynx is known as
the throat.
It is the passageway from
the mouth, to the nose, and
the esophagus and larynx.
The pharynx allows the
swallowed food and liquids
to go through a passageway
down to the esophagus.

EPIGLOTTIS

The epiglottis is a switch between

the larynx and esophagus.
It allows air to enter the lungs and
food to pass through the
gastrointestinal tract.
The epiglottis also protects the
body from choking on food that
would disrupt the airway.

ESOPHAGUS & STOMACH

The esophagus seems to have only one
important function in the body - to carry food,
liquids, and saliva from the mouth to the
stomach. The stomach then acts as a container
to start digestion and pump food and liquids
into the intestines in a controlled process. The
esophagus is a muscular tube connecting the
throat (pharynx) with the stomach. The
esophagus is about 8 inches long, and is lined
by moist pink tissue called mucosa. The
esophagus runs behind the windpipe (trachea)
and heart, and in front of the spine. Just before
entering the stomach, the esophagus passes
through the diaphragm.

STOMACH
Ridges of muscle tissue called rugae
line the stomach. The stomach
muscles contract periodically,
churning food to enhance digestion.
The pyloric sphincter is a muscular
valve that opens to allow food to pass
from the stomach to the small
intestine.

LIVER

Function
1. Production of bile; which helps carry away waste and break down fats in the small
intestine during digestion
2. Production of certain proteins for blood plasma
3. It metabolizes nutrients, detoxifies harmful substances, and makes blood clotting
proteins
4. Enzymes help drive these chemical reactions

GALL BLADDER

Functions
1. Stores and concentrates bile, a yellow-brown digestive liquid produced by the liver
2. Absorptive epithelial lining concentrates the stored bile
3. The gallbladder contracts and secretes bile into the small intestine through the
common bile duct
4. The bile helps the digestive process by emulsifying fats and neutralizing acids in
partially-digested food

PANCREAS
Functions
1. Releases juices directly into the bloodstream
2. Produces enzymes and sends them to the small intestine to further break
down food after it has left the stomach
3. Three diseases associated with the pancreas are pancreatitis, pancreatic
cancer and diabetes
4. It also produces insulin and glucagon

PARTS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE

There are three major parts of the Small Intestine
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

DUODENUM
The duodenum is the first part of the small
intestine and prevents any stomach acid from
getting into the small intestine
The duodenum connects to 4 different organs
around it, these include:

Pancreas
Liver
Gallbladder
Stomach

The pancreas, liver, and gallbladder all provide a

lubricating agent that allows food to move
smoothly through the rest of the small intestine

JEJUNUM
Second part of the small intestine
This covers half of the main portion of
the small intestine
The main purpose is to take out the
nutrients from the food that you eat

ILEUM
The ileum is the final part of the small
intestine and connects to the colon/large
intestine
This part of the small intestine is
responsible for the reabsorption of bile salts
and vitamin B12

PARTS IN THE LARGE INTESTINE

Rectum
Appendix
Anus

APPENDIX
A thin tube about 4 inches long
Usually lies near the abdomen
Function of the appendix is unknown

RECTUM
The Rectum is usually 8-12 inches long
It connects the colon to the anus
Its primary function is to receive stool from the colon, and wait until it is
ready to come out.

ANUS
Last part of The Digestive System tract
Consists of two anal sphincters (inside and out)
Sphincters control the holding of stool
Pelvic Floor muscle has an angle between the rectum and anus that
protects it from stool coming out when not necessary.

SOURCES
http://www.innerbody.com/image_digeov/dige02-new2.html
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1081754/human-digestivesystem/45316/Pharynx
http://www.innerbody.com/image_digeov/dige28-new.html
http://www.seattlechildrens.org/clinics-programs/transplant/intestine/howthe-small-intestine-works/